2008年真题
2008年山东省行政能力测试真题【完整+答案+解析】
2008年山东省公务员考试《行政职业能力测验》真题第一部分、言语理解与表达（共30题，参考时限20分钟）每道题包含一段文字(或一个句子)，后面是一个不完整的陈述。
要求你从四个选项中选出一个来完成陈述。
注意：问题可能是选择一个词语或一个句子使表达最为准确。
也可能是考察对文字内容的理解。
你的选择应与题目要求最相符合。
请开始答题：1、“运动”这个词，两个字都含有一个“云”，而且，“云”开始“走”了就是“运”，“云”跟“力”挨在一起就“动”了。
“动”是云朵的自然状态，所以歌唱“天边飘过一朵故乡的云”；云一直在“动”，到了一定的程度，它们就爆发出“力量”，即使这一秒是晴天，下一秒也要普降大雨。
这样的解释肯定贻笑大方，但“运动”确实能积蓄力量。
“每天锻炼一小时，健康工作五十年，幸福生活一辈子”，这三者之间是递进关系，更是因果关系。
这段文字主要表达的是（）A、运动名词解释B、运动的意义和作用C、运动就是这样充满了魅力D、运动、健康、幸福之间的关系2、“情趣”的“趣”字初一看，说的是兴趣爱好。
然而，《列子.汤问》云：“曲每奏，钟子期辄穷其趣。
”说的是古人奏乐，每奏一个曲子，都要将内心志趣体现出来。
古人又说：“但使琴中曲趣，何劳弦上声。
”显然，这“趣”字就是志趣、情志。
“志”与“趣”本可以互联一起。
有什么样的情志，就有什么样的情趣。
《辞海》里说，趣者取也，即有取舍的意思包含其中。
还有“趋向和舍弃，进取和退止”的意思。
人原本生活在两个世界之中，一个是物欲世界，一个是意义的世界。
情趣，也就是怀一个以人为本的心“情”，“趣”（去）一个和谐世界吧？这段文字意在说明（）A、人的健康情趣从哪里来B、低落的意志当然也就养成低浊的情趣C、人的健康情趣，也是一种价值的取舍D、志当存高远，高远的意志培植高洁的情趣3、古人种植的时候需要雨水，行船的时候需要有风，水和风能够按照季节准时而至，古人便把这种自然现象和秩序叫做“信”。
有了“信”，人们才能进行生产劳动，才能正常生活。
2008年四川省成都市中考语文真题及答案
2008年四川省成都市中考语文真题及答案全卷分A卷和B卷，A卷满分100分，B卷满分50分；考试时间120分钟。
A卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷，第Ⅰ卷为选择题，第Ⅱ卷为其他类型的题。
A 卷 ( 共 100 分 )第 I 卷( 选择题共 16 分 )注意事项:1. 第I卷共2页,答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在试卷和答题卡上。
考试结束后,监考人员将试卷和答题卡一并收回。
2.第I卷各题均有四个选项,只有一项符合题目要求。
每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,不能答在试卷上。
请注意机读答题卡的横竖格式。
一、基础知识(10分,每小题2分)1.下面语句中加点字的注音有误的一项是A.人类的智慧与大自然的智慧相比实在是相形见绌．（zhuō）,无论是令人厌恶．(wù)的苍蝇蚊子,还是美丽可人的鲜花绿草,都是大自然精巧绝伦的艺术品。
B.我常常把手放在大地上,我会感到她在跳跃．（yuè）,和我的心的跳跃是一样的, 它们的热血一直在流,在热情的默契．(qì)里它们彼此呼唤,终有一天它们要汇合在一起。
C.这是某种令人惊骇．(hài)而不知名的杰作,在不可名状的晨曦．(xī)中依稀可见,宛如在欧洲文明的地平线上瞥见的亚洲文明的剪影。
D.峰环水抱的萨尔茨堡,高高低低的房屋鳞次栉．(zhì)比,庄严肃．(sù)穆的修道院坐落在绿树浓阴中。
2.下面语句中书写准确无误的一项是A. 黄土高原啊,只有你,才能承受如此惊心动魄的博击!B. 因为我听到海依然在远方为我喧腾——那雪白的海潮啊,夜夜奔来一次次漫湿了枯干的心灵。
C. 读书的要决,全在于会意。
对于这一点,陶渊明尤其有独到的见解。
D. 不管扔进去什么东西,这个慷概大方的洞全部一视同仁,照收不误。
3.依次填入下列句子横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是①那时候,他已经诗兴不作而研究志趣正浓。
2008年英语专八真题及解析
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2008)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.The Popularity of EnglishI. Present status of EnglishA. English as a native/first languageB. English as a lingua franca: a language for communication among peoplewhose (1)______ are different (1)_______C. Number of people speaking English as a first or a second language:— 320-380 million native speakers— 250- (2) _____ million speakers of English as a second language (2)_______II. Reasons for the popular use of EnglishA. (3) ____ reasons (3)_______ —the Pilgrim Fathers brought the language to America;— British settlers brought the language to Australia; — English was used as a means of control in(4)_____ (4)_______B. Economic reasons— spread of (5) _____ (5)_______— language of communication iii the international business community C. (6)______ in international travel (6)_______ — use of English in travel and tourism— signs in airports— language of announcement— language of (7) ______ (7)_______ D. Information exchange— use of English in the academic world— language of (8) _____ or journal articles (8)_______ E. Popular culture— pop music on (9)______ (9)_______ — films from the USAIII. Questions to think aboutA. status of English in the futureB. (10) ______ of distinct varieties of English (10)_______SECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the conversation.1. Mary doesn't seem to favour the idea of a new airport because ________.A. the existing airports are to be wastedB. more people will be encouraged to travelC. more oil will be consumedD. more airplanes will be purchased2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Mary as a potential disadvantage?A. More people in the area.B. Noise and motorways.C. Waste of land.D. Unnecessary travel.3. Freddy has cited the following advantages for a new airport EXCEPTA. more job opportunitiesB. vitality to the local economyC. road construction,D. presence of aircrew in the area4. Mary thinks that people don't need to do much travel nowadays as a result of ________.A. less emphasis on personal contactB. advances in modern telecommunicationsC. recent changes in people's conceptsD. more potential damage to the area5. We learn from the conversation that Freddy is Mary's ideas,A. strongly in favour ofB. mildly in favour ofC. strongly againstD. mildly againstSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. A new government was formed after Sunday's elections.B. The new government intends to change the welfare system.C. The Social Democratic Party founded the welfare system.D. The Social Democratic Party was responsible for high unemployment.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. The tapes of the Apollo-11 mission were first stored in ________.A. a U.S. government archives warehouseB. a NASA ground tracking stationC. the Goddard Space Flight CentreD. none of the above places8. What does the news item say about Richard Nafzger?A. He is assigned the task to look for the tapes.B. He believes that the tapes are probably lost.C. He works in a NASA ground receiving site.D. He had asked for the tapes in the 1970s.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9. The example in the news item is cited mainly to show ________.A. that doctors are sometimes professionally incompetentB. that in cases like that hospitals have to pay huge compensationsC. that language barriers might lower the quality of treatmentD. that language barriers can result in fatal consequences10. According to Dr. Flores, hospitals and clinics ________.A. have seen the need for hiring trained interpretersB. have realized the problems of language barriersC. have begun training their staff to be bilingualsD. have taken steps to provide accurate diagnosisPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AAt the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon's life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p. m. After dinner, it's time to hit the books again – at one of Seoul's many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routine – five days a week. It's a grueling schedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.South Korea's education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country, high-school studies have gotten even more intense. That's because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This year's 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide SAT-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before, students didn't worry too much about their grade-point averages; the big challenge was beating the standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. "One can succeed only when others fail," as one parent said.Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the country's high schools are almost uniformly mediocre – the result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on averagestudents. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools.Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that the new system will hurt them the most. Nearly all Korean high schools will be weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relatively weak students in provincial schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages.Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new system because it eliminates differences among high schools. They've asked for more discretion in picking students by giving more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesn't like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized "greedy" universities that focus more on finding the best students than faying to "nurture good students". But amid the crossfire between the government and universities, the country's 10th graders are feeling the stress. On online protest sites, some are calling themselves a "cursed generation" and "mice in a lab experiment". It all seems a touch melodramatic, but that's the South Korean school system.11. According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed to ________.A. require students to sit for more college-entrance testsB. reduce the weight of college-entrance testsC. select students on their high school grades onlyD. reduce the number of prospective college applicants12. What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students' study load.13. According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result of ________.A. the government's egalitarian policyB. insufficient number of schools:C. curriculums of average qualityD. low cost of private education14. According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement over the adoption of the newsystem between the following groups EXCEPTA. between universities and the governmentB. between school experts and the governmentC. between parents and schoolsD. between parents and the government15. Which of the following adjectives best describes the author's treatment of the topic?A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.TEXT BWilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born in Jamaica, the 47-year-old grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency. But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishman's dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has allowed him to satisfy. These days he's the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs. His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Fanner gourmet sausagesand barbecue sauces. "My background may be very urban," says Emmanuel-Jones. "But it has given me a good idea of what other urbanites want."And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial know-how to British farming. Britain's burgeoning farmers' markets-numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years –swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned in the city. "Everyone in the rural community has to come to terms with the fact that things have changed," says Emmanuel-Jones. "You can produce the best food in the world, but if you don't know how to market it, you are wasting your time. We are helping the traditionalists to move on."The emergence of the new class of superpeasants reflects some old yearnings. If the British were the first nation to industrialize, they were also the first to head back to the land. "There is this romantic image of the countryside that is particularly English," says Alun Howkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of rural England has been rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is now running at about 100,000 a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rural life has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural incomes tumble. About 40 percent of all farmland is now sold to "lifestyle buyers" rather than the dwindling number of traditional farmers, according to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.What's new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal for the business of producing quality foods, if only at a micro-level. A healthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to ease the escape of the would-be rustics. The media recognize and feed the fantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the "River Cottage" series, chronicled the attempts of a London chef to run his own Dorset farm.Naturally, the newcomers can't hope to match their City salaries, but many are happy to trade any loss of income for the extra job satisfaction. Who cares if there's no six-figure annual bonus when the land offers other incalculable compensations?Besides, the specialist producers can at least depend on a burgeoning market for their products. Today's eco-aware generation loves to seek out authentic ingredients. "People like me may be making a difference in a small way," Jan McCourt, a onetime investment banker now running his own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rare breeds.Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way. "Unlike most other countries, where artisanal food production is being eroded, here it is being recovered," says food writer Matthew Fort. "It may be the mark of the next stage of civilization that we rediscover the desirability of being a peasant." And not an investment banker.16. Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones is INCORRECT?A. He was born and brought up in Birmingham.B. He used to work in the television industry.C. He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.D. He is now selling his own quality foods.17. Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought to traditional British farming ________.A. knowledge of farmingB. knowledge of brand namesC. knowledge of lifestyleD. knowledge of marketing,18. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence of a new class of farmers?A. Strong desire for country life.B. Longing for greater wealth.C. Influence of TV productions.D. Enthusiasm for quality food business.19. What is seen as their additional source of new income?A. Modern tendency to buy natural foods.B. Increase in the value of land property.C. Raising and selling rare live stock.D. Publicity as a result of media coverage.20. The sentence in the last paragraph "... Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it'sleading the way" implies that ________.A. Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.B. more authentic foods are being produced in BritainC. the British are heading back to the countrysideD. the Europeans are showing great interest in country lifeTEXT CIn Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these aren't stereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of human beings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobatics are called castellers, and to see their towers take shape is to observe a marvel of human cooperation.First the castellers form what looks like a gigantic rugby scrummage. They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behind them, other people press together, forming outward-radiating ramparts of inward-pushing muscle: flying buttresses for the castle. Then sturdy but lighter castellers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand, barefoot, on their shoulders – then still others, each time adding a higher "story".These human towers can rise higher than small apartment buildings: nine "stories", 35 feet into the air. Then, just When it seems this tower of humanity can't defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges from the crowd and climbs straight up to the top. Arms extended, the child grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below.Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before Barcelona became a world metropolis arid the Mediterranean's most dynamic city. But when you observe-them tip close, in their street clothes, at practice, you see there's nothing easy about what the castellers do-and that they are not merely reenacting an ancient ritual.None of the castellers can-give a logical answer as to why they love doing this. But Victor Luna, 16, touches me on the shoulder and says in English: "We do it because it's beautiful. We do it because we are Catalan."Barcelona's mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona, you must understand two words of Catalan: seny and rauxa. Seny pretty much translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrange things, and get things done. Rauxa is reminiscent of our words "raucous" and "ruckus".What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embody rauxa and seny. The idea of a human castle is rauxa – it defies common sense – but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success is based on everyone working together to achieve a shared goal.The success of Carlos Tusquets' bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work in everyday life. The bank started as a family concern and now employs hundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelona is different.Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia –the ancient region of which Barcelona is the capital –are distinct from the rest of Spain yet essential to Spain's emergence, after centuries of repression, as a prosperous, democratic European country. Catalonia, with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into an economic powerhouse. Making up 6 percent of Spain's territory, with a sixth of its people, it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spain's production –everything from textiles to computers – even though the rest of Spain has been enjoying its own economic miracle.Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and there's no better place to see rauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable, tree-shaded boulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelona down to the port. There are two narrow lanes each way for cars and motorbikes, but it's the wide centre walkway that makes the Ramblas a front-row seat for Barcelona's longest running theatrical event. Plastic armchairs are set out on the sidewalk. Sit in one of them, and an attendant will come and charge you a small fee. Performance artists throng the Ramblas – stilt walkers, witches caked in charcoal dust, Elvis impersonators. But the real stars are the old women and happily playing children, millionaires on motorbikes, and pimps and women who, upon closer inspection, prove not to be.Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to compare notes: "Last night there was a man standing on the balcony of his hotel room," Mariana Bertagnolli, an Italian photographer, told me. "The balcony was on the second floor. He was naked, and he was talking into a cell phone."There you have it, Barcelona's essence. The man is naked (rauxa), but he is talking into a cell phone (seny).21. From the description in the passage, we learn that ________.A. all Catalonians can perform castellsB. castells require performers to stand on each otherC. people perform castells in different formationsD. in castells people have to push and pull each other22. According to the passage, the4mplication of the performance is that ________.A. the Catalonians are insensible and noisy peopleB. the Catalonians show more sense than is expectedC. the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristicsD. the Catalonians think highly of team work23. The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT ________ to show seny at work.A. development of a bankB. dynamic role in economyC. contribution to national economyD. comparison with other regions24. In the last but two paragraph, the Ramblas is described as "a front-row seat for Barcelona'slongest running theatrical event". What does it mean?A. On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.B. The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.C. The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.D. Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.25. What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?A. It is bizarre and outlandish.B. It is of average quality.C. It is conventional and quiet.D. It is of professional standard.TEXT DThe law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcy protection a year after his funeral. After his death, the firm's letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan, 1954-1992. He was listed up in the right-hand corner, just above the paralegals. Then the rumors got started and wouldn't stop. Before long, everyone believed he had taken the money and disappeared. After three months, no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages and the bank notes, back when they were rolling and on the verge of serious wealth. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy. Since Patrick's departure, they had tried every possible way to divorce one another, but nothing would work. Two were raging alcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but nevertogether. The other two were in recovery, still teetering on the brink of sobriety.He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent long before it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money for their richly renovated office building in downtown Biloxi. Money for new homes, yachts, condos in the Caribbean. The money was on the way, approved, the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner –Patrick – snatched it at the last possible second.He was dead. They buried him on February 11, 1992. They had consoled the widow and put his rotten name on their handsome letterhead. Yet six weeks later, he somehow stole their money.They had brawled over who was to blame. Charles Bogan, the firm's senior partner and its iron hand, had insisted the money be wired from its source into a new account offshore, and this made sense after some discussion. It was ninety million bucks, a third of which the firm would keep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand. Someone at the bank would talk. Soon everyone would know. All four vowed secrecy, even as they made plans to display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldest of the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He was also responsible for hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.Doug Vitrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommend Patrick as the fifth partner. The other three had agreed, and when Patrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtually every file in the office. Bogan, Rapley, Vitrano, Havarac, and Lanigan, Attorneys and Counselors-at-Law. A large ad in the yellow pages claimed "Specialists in Offshore Injuries." Specialists or not, like most firms they would take almost anything if the fees werelucrative. Lots of secretaries and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest political connections on the Coast.They were all in their mid-to late forties. Havarac had been raised by his father on a shrimp boat. His hands were still proudly calloused, and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley was severely depressed and seldom left his home, where he wrote briefs in a dark office in the attic.26. What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patrick's disappearance?A. They all wanted to divorce their wives.B. They were all heavily involved in debts.C. They were all recovering from drinking.D. They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.27. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?A. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.B.…they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...C.…, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages...D.…, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.28. According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrick stealing the money?A. Patrick was made a partner of the firm.B. The partners agreed to have the money transferred.C. Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.D. Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.29. The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPTA. greedyB. extravagantC. quarrelsomeD. bad-tempered30. Which of the following implies a contrast?A.…, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fi ftythousand.B. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy.C. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.D. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet31. The largest city in Canada is ________.A. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. Toronto.D. Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in ________.A. the Federal GovernmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Congress33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is ________.A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarch,D. the Prime Minister35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way toCanterbury, is an important poetic work by ________.A. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPTA. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is "Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry."?A. A simple sentence.。
2008年中央、行政能力测验真题及解析
2008年中央、国家机关公务员录用考试《行政职业能力测验》试卷说明这项测验共有五个部分，140道题，总时限为120分钟。
各部分不分别计时，但都给出了参考时限，供你参考以分配时间。
请在机读答题卡上严格按照要求填写好自己的姓名、报考部门，涂写准考证号。
请仔细阅读下面的注意事项，这对你获得成功非常重要：1．题目应在答题卡上作答，不要在题本上作任何记号。
2．监考人员宣布考试开始时，你才可以开始答题。
3．监考人员宣布考试结束时，你应立即放下铅笔，将试题本、答题卡和草稿纸都留在桌上，然后离开。
如果你违反了以上任何一项要求，都将影响你的成绩。
4．在这项测验中，可能有一些试题较难，因此你不要在一道题上思考时间太久，遇到不会答的题目，可先跳过去，如果有时间再去思考。
否则，你可能没有时间完成后面的题目。
5．试题答错不倒扣分。
6．特别提醒你注意，涂写答案时一定要认准题号。
严禁折叠答题卡!第一部分言语理解与表达（共40题，参考时限30分钟）请开始答题：1 ．在古典传统里，和谐的反面是千篇一律：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和”，所以和谐的一个条件是对于多样性的认同。
中国人甚至在孔子之前就有了对于和谐的经典认识与体现。
中国古代的音乐艺术很发达，特别是一些中国乐器，像钟、磬、瑟等各种完全不同的乐器按照一定的韵律奏出动听的音乐，但如果只有一种乐器就会非常单调。
对这段文字概括最准确的是：A和谐源于中国古典音乐B差异是和谐的必要条件C中国人很早产生了和谐观念D音乐是对和谐的经典认识和体现2 . “黑马”一词其实是从英语舶来的，原指体育界一鸣惊人的后起之秀，后指实力难测的竞争者或在某一领域独树一帜的人，无贬义或政治含义。
首先在英文中使用“黑马”的人，是英国前首相狄斯累利，他在一本小说中这样描写赛马的场面：“两匹公认拔尖的赛马竟然落后了，一匹‘黑马’，以压倒性优势飞奔。
看台上的观众惊呼：‘黑马！黑马！’”从此，“黑马”便成了一个有特殊意义的名词。
2008年国家公务员考试行测真题及参考答案
2008年国家公务员考试行测真题及参考答案第一部分言语理解与表达（原题暂缺）（共40题，参考时限30分钟）本部分中每道题包含一段话或一个句子，后面是一个不完整的陈述，要求你从四个选项中选出一个来完成陈述。
注意：答案可能是完成对所给文字主要意思的提要，也可能是满足陈述中其他方面的要求，你的选项应与所提要求最相符合。
请开始答题：1. 【答案】B。
2. 【答案】A。
3. 【答案】C。
4. 【答案】D。
5. 【答案】D。
6. 【答案】C。
7. 【答案】D。
8. 【答案】C9. 【答案】C。
10.【答案】B。
11.【答案】D。
12.【答案】B。
13.【答案】A。
14.【答案】C。
15.【答案】C。
16.【答案】B。
17.【答案】C。
18.【答案】C。
19.【答案】C。
20.【答案】A。
21.【答案】B。
22.【答案】A。
23.【答案】A。
24.【答案】D。
25.【答案】A。
26.【答案】C。
27.选项有误。
正确答案应该是：魔术、危险。
28.【答案】A。
29.【答案】B。
30.【答案】C。
31.【答案】C。
32.【答案】B。
33.【答案】A。
34.【答案】D。
35.【答案】C。
36.【答案】A。
37.【答案】C。
38.【答案】B。
39.【答案】D。
40．【答案】A。
第二部分数量关系（答案用红色标出）（共20题，参考时限20分钟）一、数字推理：41．157 65 27 11 5 （）A．4 B.3 C.2 D.141.【答案】D。
42．A.12B.14C.16D.2042.【答案】C。
43．1 23581321( )A.2133B.3564C.4170D.345543.【答案】D。
44．67 54 46 35 27 （）A．13 B.15 C.18 D.2044.【答案】C。
45．14 20 54 76 （）A．104 B.116 C.126 D14445.【答案】C。
二、数学运算：46．若x，y，z是三个连续的负整数，并且x>y>z，则下列表达式中正奇数的是：A．yz－x B.(x－y)(y－z) C.x－yz D.x(y+z)46.【答案】B。
2008年全国统一高考真题物理试卷(全国卷ⅰ)(含答案及解析)
2008年全国统一高考物理试卷（全国卷Ⅰ）一、选择题（本题共8小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分）1．（6分）如图所示，一物体自倾角为θ的固定斜面顶端沿水平方向抛出后落在斜面上。
物体与斜面接触时速度与水平方向的夹角φ满足（）A．tanφ=sinθB．tanφ=cosθC．tanφ=tanθD．tanφ=2tanθ2．（6分）如图，一辆有动力驱动的小车上有一水平放置的弹簧，其左端固定在小车上，右端与一小球相连，设在某一段时间内小球与小车相对静止且弹簧处于压缩状态，若忽略小球与小车间的摩擦力，则在此段时间内小车可能是（）A．向右做加速运动B．向右做减速运动C．向左做加速运动D．向左做匀速运动3．（6分）一列简谐横波沿x轴传播，周期为T，t=0时的波形如图所示，此时处于x=3m处的质点正在向上运动，若a、b两质点平衡位置的坐标分别为x a=2.5m和x b=5.5m，则（）A．当a质点处在波峰时，b质点恰在波谷B．当t=时，a质点正在向y轴负方向运动C．当t=时，b质点正在向y轴负方向运动D．在某一时刻，a、b两质点的位移和速度可能相同4．（6分）已知太阳到地球与地球到月球的距离的比值约为390，月球绕地球旋转的周期约为27天，利用上述数据以及日常的天文知识，可估算出太阳对月球与地球对月球的万有引力的比值约为（）A．0.2B．2C．20D．2005．（6分）三个原子核X、Y、Z，X核放出一个正电子后变为Y核，Y核与质子发生核反应后生成Z核并放出一个氦核（He）．则下面说法中正确的是（）A．X核比Z核多一个质子B．X核比Z核少一个中子C．X核的质量数比Z核质量数大3D．X核与Z核的总电荷是Y核电荷的2倍6．（6分）已知地球半径约为6.4×106 m，空气的摩尔质量约为2.9×10﹣2 kg/mol，一个标准大气压约为1.0×105Pa．利用以上数据可估算出地球表面大气在标准状态下的体积为（）A．4×1016 m3B．4×1018 m3C．4×1020 m3D．4×1022 m3 7．（6分）矩形导线框abcd固定在匀强磁场中，磁感线的方向与导线框所在平面垂直，规定磁场的正方向垂直纸面向里，磁感应强度B随时间变化的规律如图所示。
2008年国家公务员考试《行测》真题卷答案及解析
1、根据提问方式可知本题为中心理解题。
由总结关系词“所以”可以判断出整个题干的语意重点是其后的内容，即“和谐的一个条件是对于多样性的认同”，然后作者以音乐为例对这一观点进行具体阐述。
因此结合选项，B 项表述最为全面准确。
A、D 项错误，“音乐”只是为阐释观点所举的例子，而非文段论述的主题；C 项表述片面，未能抓住材料的语意重点。
故正确答案为 B。
2、由提问方式可知本题为中心理解题。
材料首句指出“黑马”一词是“从英语舶来的”，并对其含义进行了简单说明，接下来阐述首先在英语中使用“黑马”这个词时的情形，点出其词义的起源。
由此可知，题干主要说的就是“黑马”词义的起源。
因此，结合选项应该选择 A。
B、D 项只是材料的细节信息，没有抓住题干的语意重点，予以排除；C 项为强干扰项，题干前半部分虽然用“原指……后指……”点出“黑马”词义发生过变化，此句的重点仍然是解释“黑马”的词义，题干后半部分说的是“黑马”这个词最初使用时的情形，如果选 C 的话，那么题干还应该包括其词义发生变化后的使用情形，因此 C 项排除。
故正确答案为 A。
3、由提问标志词“重在说明”可知本题为中心理解题。
题干首句提出“中国的沙漠为世界上的科学家提供了与火星环境最为相似的实验室”，接着对这一说法进行了解释，即中国的沙漠具备最极端的环境，可以满足科学家们的研究需要。
由此可以推断出作者重点说明的是“中国沙漠为外星研究提供了理想场所”。
因此，结合选项应该选择 A。
B 项“生物研究”在题干中并未提及；C 项为干扰项，其中的“研究对象”表述错误，题干中说的“中国的沙漠…… 提供了与火星环境最为相似的实验室”，中国沙漠并不是“研究对象”；D 项过于片面，根本没有提到科学研究，没有抓住材料的语意重点。
故正确答案为 A。
4、由提问标志词“主要阐明”可知本题为中心理解题。
材料中“怎么办呢？”的句子引导一个设问，前面是问题，后面是解决问题的对策，材料构成“提出问题—解决问题”的分—总结构。
2008年考研数学一真题及参考答案
2008年考研数学一真题及参考答案一、选择题部分1. 设函数 f(x) 在区间 [a, b] 上连续，且对任意x∈(a, b) 有f'(x) ≠ 0，则 f(x) 在 [a, b] 上是增函数的充分必要条件是：(A) f(a) < f(b)(B) f(a) = f(b)(C) f(a) > f(b)(D) f(a) ≤ f(b)参考答案：(A) f(a) < f(b)2. 设函数 f(x) 在区间 [a, b] 上连续，且对任意x∈(a, b) 有f'(x) ≠ 0，则 f(x) 在 [a, b] 上是减函数的充分必要条件是：(A) f(a) < f(b)(B) f(a) = f(b)(C) f(a) > f(b)(D) f(a) ≤ f(b)参考答案：(C) f(a) > f(b)3. 设 f(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c 为三次多项式，其中 a, b, c 都是实数，且满足 f(-1) = 0, f(0) = 1, f(1) = 2，则 f(x) 在区间 [0, 1] 上的最大值为：(A) 1(B) 2(C) 3(D) 4参考答案：(D) 44. 设函数 f(x) = e^x + ax + b，其中 a, b 是常数。
若 f(x) 在 (0, 1) 上取得最小值，则 a, b 的值为：(A) a = -1, b = -e(B) a = -1, b = e(C) a = 1, b = -e(D) a = 1, b = e参考答案：(A) a = -1, b = -e5. 设函数 f(x) = x^3 - 3x + 1，g(x) = f(f(f(x)))，则 g(1) 的值为：(A) -1(B) 0(C) 1(D) 2参考答案：(C) 1二、填空题部分1. 设函数 f(x) = ln(1 + x^2) + Cx，其中 C 是常数，若 f'(x) 在整个实数集上恒为正，则 C 的取值范围是 _______。
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江苏省2008年普通高校“专转本”统一考试试卷
高 等 数 学
注意事项：
1．考生务必将密封线内的各项及座位号填写清楚。
2．考生须用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接答在试卷上，答在草稿纸上无效。
3．本试卷五大题24小题，满分150，考试时间120分钟。
1．设函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞上有定义，下列函数中必为奇函数的是----（ ） A ．()y f x =- B ．3
4
()y x f x = C ．()y f x =-- D ．()()y f x f x =+-
2．设函数()f x 可导，则下列式子中正确的是---------------------------------（ ）
A ．0(0)()
lim (0)x f f x f x
→-'=-
B ．0000()()
lim
()x f x x f x x f x x
∆→+--∆'=∆ C ．0000(2)()
lim
()x f x x f x f x x
→+-'= D ．0000()()
lim
2()x f x x f x x f x x
∆→-∆-+∆'=∆ 3．设函数1
22()sin x
f x t tdt =
⎰
，则)('x f 等于----------------------------------( )
A ．2
4sin 2x x B 。
2
8sin 2x x C 。
2
4sin 2x x - D 。
2
8sin 2x x -
一、 选择题（本大题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分．在每小题给出的四个选项 中，只有一项符合题目要求，请把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内）。
4．设向量(1,2,3),(3,2,4)a b ==
，则a b ⨯ 等于---------------------------（ ）
A ．(2,5,4)
B 。
(2,5,4)--
C 。
(2,5,4)-
D 。
(2,5,4)-- 5．函数ln
y
z x =在点(2,2)处的全微分dz 为---------------------------------（ ） A ．1122dx dy -+ B 。
1122dx dy + C 。
1122dx dy - D 。
1122
dx dy --
6．微分方程321y y y '''++=的通解为------------------------------------------（ ）
A ．2121x x y c e c e --=++
B ．2121
2x
x y c e
c e --=++
C ．2121x x y c e c e -=++
D ．21212
x x
y c e c e -=++
7．设函数21()(1)
x f x x x -=-，则其第一类间断点为 ．
8．设函数,0()tan 3,0a x x f x x x x
+≥⎧⎪
=⎨<⎪⎩在点0=x 处连续，则a = ．
9．已知曲线32
2345y x x x =-++，则其拐点为 ． 10．设函数)(x f 的导数为cos x ，且1
(0)2
f =，则()f x dx =⎰ 。
11．定积分
1
212sin 1x
dx x -++⎰的值为 ．
12．幂级数12
n
n
n x n ∞
=⋅∑的收敛域为 .
二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分．请把正确答案的结果填在划 线上）。
三、计算题（本大题共８小题，每小题８分，共６４分）。
13．求极限32lim(
)x
x x x
→∞
-． 14．设函数()y y x =由参数方程sin ,2,1cos x t t t n n Z y t
π=-⎧≠∈⎨
=-⎩确定，求dy
dx ，
22d y
dx
． 15．求不定积分3
1
x dx x +⎰．
16
．计算定积分
10
⎰
．
17．设平面π经过点(2,0,0)A ，(0,3,0)B ，(0,0,5)C ，求经过点(1,2,1)P 且与平面π垂直的直线方程
18．设函数(,)y z f x y x =+，其中(,)f x y 具有二阶连续偏导数，求2z
x y
∂∂∂．
19．计算二重积分2
D
x dxdy ⎰⎰，其中D 是由曲线1
y x
=,直线y x =，2x =及0y =所围成的平面区域．
20．求方程22xy y x '=+的通解．
21．求曲线1
(0)y x x
=
>的切线，使其在两坐标轴上的截距之和最小，并求此最小值．
设平面图形由曲线2
1(0)y x
x =-≥及两坐标轴围成．
（1）求该平面图形绕x 轴旋转一周所成旋转体的体积；
（2）求常数a 的值，使直线x a =将该平面图形分成面积相等的两部分． 22．设平面图形由曲线2
y x =，2
2y x =与直线1x =围成． （1）求该平面图形绕x 轴旋转一周所成旋转体的体积；
四、综合题（本大题共２小题，每小题１０分，共２０分）．
（2）求常数
的值，使直线x a =将该平面图形分成面积相等的两部分．
23．设函数()f x 在闭区间[0,2](0)a a >上连续，且(0)(2)()f f a f a =≠，证
明：在开区间(0,)a 内至少存在一点ξ，使得()()f f a ξξ=+．
24．对任意实数x ，证明不等式：(1)1x x e -≤．
五、证明题（本大题共２小题，每小题９分，共１８分）。