江苏师范大学2012届英语师范专业泛读教程题型
江师大学位英语考试真题
江师大学位英语考试真题English:The Jiangsu Normal University Academic English Exam measures a student's proficiency in four areas: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The reading section includes passages that test a student's understanding of vocabulary in context, main ideas, supporting details, inference, and author's purpose. The writing section requires students to write both short and long responses, including a formal letter or email and an essay. The listening section involves recorded dialogues, monologues, and lectures, with questions that test a student's comprehension of main ideas, supporting details, inference, and context. Finally, in the speaking section, students complete tasks such as describing a picture, giving an opinion, and having a conversation with the examiner.Translated content:江苏师范大学学术英语考试主要测试学生在阅读、写作、听力和口语方面的水平。
江苏师范大学二学历公共英语试卷
江苏师范大学二学历公共英语试卷第一部分听力理解第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman going to do?A Have a coffee.B Attend a meeting.C Clean her office.2. What does the woman ask for?A A dress of different size.B A dress of better quality.C A dress of a bright color.3. What does the man want to do?A Take his leave.B Borrow a ladder.C Clean the roof.4. What will the woman probably do next?A Go to the man's place.B Reserve an exhibition hall.C Call the Hillsboro Hotel.5. Where are the speakers?A At home.B In a museum.C In the city square.第二节各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
1. Why has the man hardly seen the woman lately?A She had a traffic accident.B She moved to another place.C She is working unusual hours.2. Where does the conversation take place?A In an apartment.B At a bus stop.C In an office.3. What does the man have to do now?A Plan a trip.B Look for a job.C Make a decision.4. What does the woman think of the journey to SouthAmerica?A Exciting.B Dangerous.C Expensive.5. What advice does the woman give to the man?A Staying at home.B Going abroad.C Opening a bookstore.6. What is the radio program for?A Discussing language skills.B Promoting community service.C Sharing personal feelings.7. What is the second point Prof. Sheffield mentioned?A To conclude the article.B To introduce main ideas.C To give details and facts.8. What makes an excellent article according to Prof. Sheffield?A Detailed facts.B Personal style.C Formal language.9. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A A summer job.B A food company.C A birthday party.10. What does the man's company do?A Offer food services.B Organize concerts.C Design furniture.11. What will the man do before the party?A Play music.B Cook food.C Set tables.12. What does the woman think of the man's work?A Difficult.B Interesting.C Valuable.13. What do the Hoffmans do for a living?A They are gardeners.B They sell vegetables.C They run a guesthouse.14. How much direct sunshine do tomato plants actually need every day?A Five hours.B Eight hours.C Twelve hours.15. Why do Irish potatoes grow better in the shade?A They have deeper roots.B They have wider leaves.C They have bigger flowers.第二部分阅读理解第一节短文理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
大一下学期英语期末考试试题及答案江苏师范大学
大一下学期英语期末考试试题及答案江苏师范大学1、3．Shanghai is my hometown. It’s ________ China. [单选题] *A．nearB．far away fromC．to the east ofD．in the east of(正确答案)2、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China. [单选题] *A. findB. findingC. to find(正确答案)D. to be found3、--What’s the _______ like today?--Cloudy. [单选题] *A. skyB. airC. landD. weather(正确答案)4、—What’s wrong with you, Mike?—I’m really tired because I studied for today’s test ______ midnight last night. （）[单选题] *A. althoughB. unlessC. until(正确答案)D. so that5、What about _______ there by bike? [单选题] *A. goesB. wentC. goD. going(正确答案)6、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would7、The bookstore is far away. You’d better _______ the subway. [单选题] *B. take(正确答案)C. missD. get8、She is _______, but she looks young. [单选题] *A. in her fifties(正确答案)B. at her fiftyC. in her fiftyD. at her fifties9、91．—Do you live in front of the big supermarket?—No. I live ________ the supermarket ________ the post office. [单选题] *A．across; fromB．next; toC．between; and(正确答案)D．near; to10、These two films are very interesting. I like them _____. [单选题] *A. eitherB. neitherD. both(正确答案)11、12．Who will ________ the Palace Museum after Shan Jixiang retires? [单选题] *A．in chargeB．in charge ofC．be in charge of (正确答案)D．be in the charge of12、8．Turn right ________ Danba Road and walk ________ the road, then you will findMeilong Middle school. [单选题] *A．in...alongB．into...along (正确答案)C．in...onD．into...on13、48．—________ is your new skirt, Lingling?—Black. [单选题] *A．HowB．What colour(正确答案)C．WhichD．Why14、The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _______. [单选题] *A. herselfB. himself(正确答案)C. yourselfD. themselves15、27．My father is a professor and he works in__________ university. [单选题] *A．a (正确答案)B．anC．/D．the16、31．A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] *A．toB．inC．for (正确答案)D．with17、Li Lei often takes a walk early ______ the morning.（）[单选题] *A. atB. onC. in(正确答案)D. for18、This is the news _______ you want to know. [单选题] *A. that(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. who19、Could you please ______ why you can’t come to attend the meeting? [单选题] *A. explain(正确答案)B. understandC. giveD. reach20、Mum is ill. I have to _______ her at home. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look forC. look outD. look forward to21、The plane arrived at London airport _______ Wednesday morning. [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. atC. inD. for22、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)23、I’d like to go with you, ______ I’m too busy. [单选题] *A. orB. andC. soD. but(正确答案)24、I saw the boy _______?the classroom. [单选题] *A. enter intoB. enter(正确答案)C. to enter intoD. to enter25、45．—Let's make a cake ________ our mother ________ Mother's Day.—Good idea. [单选题] *A．with; forB．for; on(正确答案)C．to; onD．for; in26、With all the work on hand, he _____ to the cinema last night. [单选题] *A.should goB.must have goneC.might goD..shouldn’t have gone(正确答案)27、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] *A. himselfB. ourselvesC. myselfD. yourself(正确答案)28、_______, making some DIY things is fashionable. [单选题] *A. Stand outB. In ones opinionC. In my opinion(正确答案)D. Out of fashion29、Online shopping _______ very popular now. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. wasD. were30、The man lost his camera and he ______ it now.（）[单选题] *A. foundB. is findingC. is looking forD. looks for(正确答案)。
江苏自考 27036 英语泛读(三)大纲(高纲1546)
高纲1546江苏省高等教育自学考试大纲27036英语泛读（三）南京师范大学编江苏省高等教育自学考试委员会办公室I 课程的性质和学习目的英语泛读（三）是江苏省高等教育自学考试英语专业本科阶段的一门必考课程，是英语专业阅读能力培养与拓展的基础课程。
本课程旨在通过选题各异的经典文献阅读，帮助学生丰富词汇量，接触理解各种语言现象，提升英文阅读中应具备的基本阅读基本技能与逻辑思维能力，并深入了解英语语言文化背景知识，从而提高自身人文素养。
本课程中的阅读篇章蕴含多样的题材、风格，可以丰富学生各个领域方面的词汇量，拓展学习者的知识面，增强英语语感，逐步培养学生在阅读过程中的分析、归纳、综合和判断的能力，提高学生的阅读技能，包括细读、略读、查阅等能力。
本课程的阅读文章皆为经典性的、具独特精神内涵的文章，故而有助于提高学生阅读过程中的批评思辨能力和分析欣赏能力，有助于学生从西方传统文化以及现当代文化中汲取精华，更激发学生自我强烈的阅读兴趣，为进一步提高专业英语水平打下坚实的基础。
本课程的难点在于，阅读过程中会涉及各方面的英语词汇以及不同文化背景知识，这要求学生在阅读过程中借助于工具书或各种媒介查阅相关的文化背景知识，这样才能更好地理解文章。
II 课程内容与学习要求本课程共分十二个单元，每个单元有Text A和Text B两篇阅读材料。
每篇阅读材料中的生词、难词备有注释，这些注释有意识地给读者提供了一定的选词空间，这就要求学生根据文章上下文的语境作出正确的词义选择。
每篇课文后面，附有一些文化背景方面的提示解说，有助于阅读者深入了解作者本人以及文章选题的背景。
每个单元后面都有针对性较强的练习。
回答问题和正误判断部分主要是考察学生对原文语篇内容的理解。
解释划线部分以及翻译原文中的词组表述是对学生在特定上文中的把握单词、词组语义的检测，更好地突出语境中学习语言的重要性。
阅读评述讨论部分旨在训练学生口头及笔头的表达能力，可以引导学生有意识地对论题进行批评性思考，深刻领会西方文化的内涵。
大英泛读试题11(蒋老师)
湖北城市建设职业技术学院国际班考试纸2011 --- 2012学年第一学期I. Match the term in the left column with the meaning in the right column.(10points)1. apply A. 可疑的2. interview B. 践踏3. corridor C. 尴尬的4. appearance D. 永久5. postman E. 平邮6. ordinary mail F. 邮递员7. for good G. 外表8. suspiciously H. 走廊9. trample I. 面试10. embarrassed J. 申请II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the12. Dogs may be employed to sniff out earthquake victims buried ____the rubble(碎石) of a collapsed building.13. All the costs of the repairs will be ____by the company.14. If we were not allowed to keep animals as pets, some old people would be much more lonely, because pets are their good____.15. The traffic____ along in the thick fog at ten miles an hour.16. The tree at the roadside fell on the top of his car and ____it.17. She soon became aware that the new dress she had just bought was not ____to a tropical climate.18. He ____with fear as he waited for them to announce the results.19. They have been informed that their plans are ____to the minister’s approval.20. All these years he has managed to ____ the poor land and support a family of seven.III. Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a suitable preposition or adverb.(20points)21. He got off the train a hurry and left behind his suitcase.22. At last the war came an end and they were able to return to their country.23. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _____children as Coca-Cola.24. The people there are still fighting to gain their freedom ____foreign control.25. She has many faults, but we are all very fond ____her.26. They checked the train tickets to make sure that people did not travel ____paying.27. The computer has brought about surprising changes ____the way we organize and produce information.28. Intelligent as he is, he cannot work ____the solution to the problem.29. The little girl was _____tears because she has lost her mother.30. Finding herself followed by a stranger, she quickened her steps and soon threw him____ at the corner.IV. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.(20points)31. 像往常一样，那天晚上我们十点左右就去睡觉了。
英语泛读教程4文章翻译及答案 完整版
课文答案Unit 1Text: Exercises A. dB. 1.c 2.c 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.b 7.b 8.aD. 1.a 2.b 3.c 4.d 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.b9.a10.aFast Reading: 1.a 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.c 8.d 9.d 10.c 11.c 12.b 13.c 14.d15.aHome Reading: 1.d 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.c 10.aUnit 2Text: Exercises A. aB.1.b 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.d 6.b 7.a 8 .b 9.a 10.cD.1.b 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.c 8.d 9.cFast Reading: 1.a 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.c 7.a 8.d 9.d 10.b 11.d 12.c 13.c 14.d 15.bHome Reading: 1.d .2.a 3.d 4.d 5.b 6.d 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.dUnit 3Text: Exercises A. cB. 1.b 2.a 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.b 9.bD. 1.a 2.a 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.c 8.a 9.d 10.b 11.c 12.c 13.a 14.dFast Reading: 1.c 2.b 3.b 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.a 8.d 9.b 10.b 11.b 12.b 13.d 14.a 1 5.dHome Reading: 1.c 2.a 3.a 4.b 5.a 6.b 7.d 8.c 9.bUnit 4Text: Exercises A. bB.1.c 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.b 6.c 7.a 8.d 9.b 10.d 11.cD. 1.d 2.b 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.d 7.b 8.a 9.b 10.dFast Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.d 6.b 7.d 8.c 9.b 10.d 11.c 12.a 13.c 14.c 15.d Home Reading: 1.d 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.d 7.b 8.aUnit 5Text: Exercises A. aB. 1.b 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.b 6.c 7.aD. 1.d 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.b 8.d 9.a 10.d 11.b 12.c 13.aFast Reading: 1.b 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.d 6.a 7.c 8.b 9.d 10.c 11.a 12.c 13.c 14.c 15.cHome Reading: 1.c 2.b 3.a 4.d 5.a 6.d 7.b 8.c 9.c 10.aUnit 6Text: Exercises A. bB. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.c 8.dD. 1.d 2.c 3.a 4.a 5.d 6.c 7.d 8.d 9.b 10.a 11.b 12.cFast Reading: 1.c 2.a 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.b 7.c 8.d 9.a 10.b 11.b 12.d 13.a 14.c 15.cHome Reading: 1.c 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.b 6.a 7.c 8.a 9.c 10.bUnit 7Text: Exercises A. cB. 1.c 2.a 3.a 4.b 5.d 6.a 7.b 8.cD. 1.a 2.d 3.c 4.d 5.a 6.a 7.b 8.b 9.c 10.d 11.a 12.b 13.cFast Reading: 1.a 2.d 3.c 4.b 5.a 6.d 7.b 8.d 9.c 10.b 11.d 12.b 13.b 14.c 15.dHome Reading: 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.b 10.cUnit 8Text: Exercises c.B. 1.d 2. c 3.b 4.b 5 a. 6. c 7.a 8.cD. 1. c2.d 3.a 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. d 8. c 9. b 10.b 11.d 12.d 13.d 14.c 15.dFast Reading: 1.a 2.c 3. a 4. a 5. d 6. b 7c . 8. d 9. d 10. c 11.d 12. d 13. d 14.c 15.d Home Reading: 1.a 2. d 3. d 4.d 5.b 6.c 7.d 8. bUnit 9Text: Exercises A. bB. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.d 6.a 7.b 8.cD. 1.a 2.c 3.b 4.a 5.c 6.d 7.a 8.b 9.c 10.a 11.c 12.a 13.b 14.c 15.a 16.c17.d 18.b 19.aFast Reading: 1.a 2.ac3.c 4.d 5.b 6.a 7.b 8.c 9.c 10.d 11.c 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.dHome Reading: 1.b 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.d 8.a 9.d 10.dUnit 10Text: Exercises A. cB. 1.c 2.b 3.b 4.c 5.b 6.c 7.b 8.b 9.c 10.cD. 1.b 2.a 3.c 4.b 5.a 6.d 7.d 8.a 9.c 10.a 11.c 12.b 13.b 14.aFast Reading: 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.b 9.d 10.a 11.d 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.bHome Reading: 1.c2.c 3.c4.a 5.d 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.b 10.cUnit 11Text: Exercises A. bB. 1.b 2.a 3.a 4.c 5.d 6.c 7.b 8.cD. 1.d 2.a 3.a 4.d 5.b 6.c 7.b 8.a 9.c 10.aFast Reading: 1.c 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.d 6.a 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.bHome Reading: 1.c 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.b 9.a 10.cUnit 12Text: Excises A. bB. 1.d 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.d 6.b 7.c 8.d 9.cD. 1.b 2.a 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.c 7.a 8.b 9.c 10.b 11.b 12.a 13.c 14.b 15.aFast Reading: 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.c 9.b 10.c 11.c 12.b 13.c 14.d 15.aHome Reading: 1.d 2.c 3.c 4.b 5.d 6.b 7.cUnit 13Text: Exercises bB. 1.a 2.b3.b 4.d5.c 6.a 7. c 8.c 9.cD. 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.a 5.b 6.d 7.a 8.c 9. c10.c 11. d 12. b 13.d 14.aFast Reading: 1.d 2.a 3.d 4.d5.d 6.c 7.b 8.c 9.a 10.a 11.c 12.b 13.b 14.d 15.dHome Reading: 1.b 2.c 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.b 7.cd 8.a d.a 10.b 11.dUnit 14Text: Exercises cB. 1c. 2.d 3.b 4.b 5.d 6.d 7.c 8.d 9.d 10.dD. 1.c. 2.d 3.b 4.a 5. d 6.d 7.a 8. a 9.b 10.a 11.c 12.a 13.a 14.d Fast Reading: 1.a 2.c 3.b 4. a 5.d 6.d 7. d 8.b 9.c 10. c 11.d 12.b 13.c 14. d15.bHome Reading: 1. c2. c 3. c 4. a 5.a 6. c 7.c 8.dUnit 15Text: Exercises A. bB. 1.a 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.c 7.d 8.b 9.bD. 1.a 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.b 7.a 8.a 9.d 10.bFast Reading: 1.a 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.b 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.c 11.c 12.b 13.a 14.d 15.dHome Reading: 1.a 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.c 6.d 7.d 8.b 9.课后翻译Unit 1Text天才与工匠许多人羡慕作家们的精彩小说，但却很少有人知道作家们是如何辛勤笔耕才使一篇小说问世的。
大学泛读教程四 12单元 Art Presentation
文艺复兴： 人物造型健硕 充满温情和人文 主义思想
达芬奇：将人间情感引入宗教的神话题材 Vinci 米开朗基罗：强壮的人体造型与中世纪形 成对比 拉斐尔： 人物造型丰满充满温情
最后的晚餐
达芬奇
意大利伟大的艺术家莱奥纳多· 芬 达· 奇所创作，是所有以这个题材创作的 作品中最著名的一幅。画面中的人物， 其惊恐、愤怒、怀疑、剖白等神态， 以及手势、眼神和行为，都刻划得精 细入微，惟妙惟肖。这些典型性格的 描绘与画题主旨密切配合，与构图的 多样统一效果互为补充，使此画无可 争议地成为世界美术宝库中最完美的 典范杰作。这幅画，是他直接画在米 兰一座修道院的餐厅墙上的。沿着餐 桌坐着十二个门徒，形成四组，耶稣 坐在餐桌的中央。他在一种悲伤的姿 势中摊开了双手，示意门徒中有人出 卖了他。现藏于米兰圣玛丽亚德尔格 契修道院
Art is unsettling, it has only one value---cannot be explained.
---G e o rg e s B ra q u e
Name
Times Nationality 839 1906
Art faction
Postimpressionis m "the father of modern art“
Part 1
• Main idea: Near the end of the 19th century, a small group of artists working in France and Germany began to re-evaluate the meaning and function of art.
Answer:
Answer 1: • Edward Munch, a Norwegian artist.
江苏大学,2012级研究生英语期末考试,基础班,提高班Unit 4冯
Unit 4 Abstracts （2hs）1. Definition of AbstractsAn abstract is a brief and self-contained summary and an accurate representation of the contents of a document such as a research paper, a journal artic le, thesis, review, conference proceeding, and other academic documents. The purpose of an abstract is to provide prospective readers the opportunity to judge the relevance of the longer work of their projects.In scientific writing, the abstract is the condensed version, or the “mini-version” of the paper. Since abstracts are included with various kinds of scientific publications or appear alone in all kinds of abstracting and indexing databases, they should be constructed to make sense both when read alone and when read with the paper.2. Classification of AbstractsTo create an abstract, an abstractor or author needs to identify the kinds of information he or she needs to provide about the document. It can be a description of what kind of information it is, which includes the purpose, scope, and methods of the research, or it can be the informative content of the document, which includes results and conclusions of the research. Depending on which information they contain, abstracts can be classified into major types: indicative (or descriptive abstracts), informative abstracts, indicative - informative abstracts and author abstracts. As they have different aims, they have different components and styles. While indicative abstracts are short in length and common in abstraction services, informative abstrac ts are usually those produced in thesis, journal essays, and research articles.2.1. Indicative (or descriptive abstracts)An indicative abstract or descriptive abstract is one that describes the type and nature of the work abstracted, indicating the principal subjects covered and providing a brief description of the way the facts are treated and the methods or techniques that are being reported. This type of abstract simply describes the kinds of information in a document, but it does not provide the information itself in detail. It does not provide any material contents of the documents, such as results or conclusions of the research. Indicative abstracts are usually used in review articles, conference reports, government reports, library bibliographies, etc. They are usually veryshort----no more than 150 words.2.2. Informative abstractsAn informative abstract summarizes as much as the essential elements of the document as possible, presenting and explaining all the main material contents in the complete article/paper/book. An informative abstract includes not only the information that can be found in an indicative abstract (purpose, scope, and methods), but also the important findings and conclusions of the research.The majority of abstracts are informative. They are usually used in research articles, clinical reports, clinical trials, etc. The length of an informative abstract varies according to disciplines. Many informative abstracts are 250 words, but the length of an informative abstract is rarely more than 10% of that of the entire work.2.3. indicative / informative abstracts (综合性)Indicative/ informative abstract is more common than either the pure indicative or the pure information style. It presents a summary of the essential arguments and findings of the original, whilst those aspects of the document those are of minor significance are treated indicatively. When used to good effect this mixed style can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within the minimum length.2.4. Author abstractAuthor abstracts are abstracts prepared by authors of the document that has been subjected to abstracting. An alternative term is homotopic abstracts,（同序文摘，联刊）literally, published at the same time as the original. Although the two terms homotopic and author abstracts are not synonymous, and a large proportion of homotopic abstracts are also author abstracts, these two concepts will be discussed simultaneously. Theoretically, an author is in a good position to write a sympathetic abstract, and it should be a simple matter to modify the author’s abstract to suit the information service.2.5. Slanted abstract（倾向性）A Slanted abstract is an abstract giving emphasis to a particular aspect of a document to cater for the specialized interest of a particular group of readers.2.6. Telegraphic abstractA telegraphic abstract is an abstract consisting of a set of keywords indicating the subjectcontent of the document.2.7. Mini-abstractA mini-abstract is just an extension of the title, brief and easy to write. It’s mainly used in some publications that aim at a fast transmission of some updated information.2.8 Mission-oriented abstractA mission-oriented abstract is an abstract for a specialized purpose addressing the interests ofa particular group of readers. It is very similar to a slanted abstract.2.9 Finding-oriented abstractA finding-oriented abstract is also similar to a slanted abstract. However, their differences lie in the fact that the finding-oriented abstract focuses more on the investigation and results of the experiment, whereas the slanted abstract caters more for the special interest of a particular group of readers. A finding-oriented abstract is most often used when:a. applying for research grantsb. completing the Ph.D dissertation or M.A. thesisC. writing a proposal for a conference paper2.10 Highlight abstractThe purpose of this kind of abstract is to hook the reader’s attention on on e particular article with some highlight of the work. A highlight abstract does not appear alone elsewhere. It is always placed before the article and has to go together with the article.3．Linguistic Features of AbstractsA good and successful abstract should possess the following features:3.1 Using Topic, Supporting, and Concluding SentencesAn abstract often starts with a “topic” or “lead” sentence. This first sentence attempts to summarize any essential information that is not conveyed by the title. The objective is to enable the reader to eliminate possibly relevant documents, which, in fact, prove to be of little interest without delving into the body of the abstract. Hence, any elements that might contribute to relevance assessment must be incorporated into the topic sentence. These facts or ideas, like any that are introduced elsewhere, do not need to be repeated in the remaining abstract text. A topicsentence is usually followed by a number of supporting sentences and finally the concluding sentences.3.2 Using Brief but Informative SentencesThe abstractor must resist the temptation to use long sentences in striving to avoid repetition. An abstract conveys the maximum quantity of information using the minimum number of words. Sentences with an average length in the region of twelve words are likely to yield a readable abstract. In pursuing brevity, however, care must be exercised to avoid ambiguity.3.3 Arranging in One ParagraphAll abstracts, barring possibly those of exceptional length, should consist of one paragraph only. This should be a coherent paragraph, and not a series of disjointed sentences. Only the first line need not be a proper sentence, and might read, for example: “Points to forecasting’s relationship with planning and ...”All sentences should be complete, and verbs, prepositions and articles should not be omitted. A style that provides continuity should be adopted, even if this is contrary to normal language usage. Separate paragraphs may be introduced for long documents such as theses; reports etc. where different topics are introduced.3.4 Being ConciseConciseness is paramount. Redundant phrases such as: “the authors studied”, “in this work”, “the paper concludes by”, etc. should be avoided if possible.8. Translation Skills :Technical T ermsWith the rapid and remarkable advances in modern science and technology, an increasingly large number of technical terms have emerged in our daily life, which gives rise to special registers usually with vocabulary outside the range of the ordinary educated man. Today, more and more people are willing to accept these newly emerged technical terms, for modern methods of scientific research; investigation and operation do produce numerous new concepts, materials and processes. Scientific and technical registers provide a swift, economical, efficient, impersonal, sometimes international, means of exposition and discussion of specialized issues.Technical terms not only account for a large part of English vocabulary, but also are the most important source of newly coined words in modern English, ranging over an extensive range ofvarious fields.In terms of form, English technical terms may be classified into three categories, namely, single words (e.g., robot机器人, Internet因特网, etc.), compound words (e.g., feed-back反馈,splashdown溅落, etc.) and phrases (e.g., on-and-off-the-road 路面越野两用的). Since all of them are formed in accordance with the basic rules of word-formation, a survey of the formation of technical terms would be very helpful to our translation work.8.1. AffixationAffixation, which includes prefixion and suffixation, is an important means of coining English technical terms, with prefixes and suffixes as inseparable elements of the words being coined. The advantage of affixation is obvious; its potential productivity is almost boundless, and therefore it is extensively used in the formation of technical terms. Besides prefixes and suffixes of English origin, there are some foreign borrowings, noticeably the Latin ones, in English vocabulary, e.g. bio- (生命、生物), thermo- (热), electro- (电), aero- (空气) carbo- (碳), hydro- (水), -ide (化物), -mania (热、狂), etc. If we are familiar with these prefixes and suffixes, many technical terms of such formation can be translated appropriately through analysis. The following are some typical examples.miniultrasonicprober = mini + ultra +sonic +prober 微型超声波金属探伤仪macrospacetransship = macro +space + trans + ship 巨型空间转运飞teletypesetter = tele + type + setter 电传排字机bathythermograph = bathy +thermo +graph 海水测温仪barothermograph = baro + thermo +graph 气压温度记录器deoxyribonucleic = de + oxy + ribo + nucleic 脱氧核糖核酸photomorphogenesis = photo +morpho + genesis 光形态发生8.2. CompoundingThe combination of two or more words to form a new word is called compounding. English technical terms formed by compounding generally take three forms: with a hyphen or without it, or two or more separate words. For instance, fallout (放射性尘埃), waterlock (水闸), thunderstorm (雷暴), salt-former (卤素), dew-point (露点), pulse-scaler (脉冲定标器), verbal translator (逐字翻译机), satellite antimissile observation system (卫星反导弹观察系统), and so on.Most of such compound words may be translated literally, i.e. put the meanings of the separate words together and we get their Chinese equivalents. However, there are exceptions now and then. F or instance, bull’s eye (靶心), cat-and-mouse (航向与指挥的), dog house (调频高压电源屏蔽罩), etc.--literal translation in tackling such terms may lead astray. Therefore whenever we come across unfamiliar terms and are not sure of their meanings, we should consult dictionaries of relevant specialty. And in many cases some additional explanations are needed to make the original meaning clear and accurate. The following are some examples.spaceplatform = space + platform 空间站、宇宙站rocketdrome = rocket + drome 火箭发射场bus architecture 总线体系结构content-addressable memory 相联存储器network service access point 网络服务存取点8.3. BlendingThis is a variant of compounding, consisting in omitting the latter part of the first word and clipping off the first part of the second word. Sometimes, however, either the first part or the second part of the overlapped word may happen to be a full word. Generally speaking, this blending of words possesses the combined meaning of both; therefore, literal translation is used in translating such terms, with one element modifying the other.telex = teleprinter + exchange 电传gravisphere = gravity + sphere 引力范围medicare = medical + care 医疗保健biorhythm = biological +rhythm 生理节奏copytron = copy + electron 电子复写(技术)8.4. AcronymsBy acronym, we mean the formation of a word made up of the first letters of the name of something. Since it is very convenient to use this brief form, acronym emerges very frequently in English technical terms. With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more acronyms have been adopted extensively in various fields; therefore, it is up to the translator to discern their actual meaning in different context.ADP automatic data processing 自动数据处理AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 艾滋病DEPM electronic data processing machine 电子数据处理机GSV guided space vehicle 制导宇宙飞船Laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 激光RAM random access memory 随机存取存储器Sometimes, an acronym happens to be a meaningful word itself, or it may possess more than one meaning. In this case, special attention is needed to pick out the proper one.MOUSE minimum orbital unmanned satellite of the earth (仪表载重50kg以下的)不载人的最小人造地球卫星SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈SNAP subsystem for nuclear auxiliary power (原子)核辅助动力子系统space nuclear auxiliary power 空间核辅助能源systems for nuclear auxiliary power 核辅助能(电)源系统AS air scoop空气收集器air seasoned风干的(木材)air speed 空速、气流速率air station 航空站，飞机场American Standard 美国标准atmosphere and space 大气层与宇宙空间automatic sprinkler 自动洒水车automatic synchronizer 自动同步器8.5. Proper NounsMany of the technical terms in English are borrowed from proper nouns such as names of people, places, firms, trade marks, organizations, and so on. In such cases, consulting relevant dictionaries will be of great help. Transliteration is usually adopted in dealing with such terms, and at the same time, labels that indicate the nature of such words are added to the corresponding translation.Xerox 静电复制(derived from the name of a trademark)IBM System IBM 系统(derived from the name of a US corporation)Kuru 库鲁病(derived from the name of a place in eastern New Guinea)Alfven wave 阿尔文波(derived from the name of the Swedish astrophysicist Hannes Alfven)Chandl er’s wobble 钱一波说(derived from the name of the US astronomer Seth Carlo Chandler)Besides the above mentioned ways of word-formation, there are some other means of forming technical terms in English, to name a few, Clipping (剪截法e.g., lab comes from laboratory), Back-formation (逆构法e.g., to lase comes from laser), Coinage (造词法e.g., “quark” in physics), Functional Shift (词性转换法e.g., in “to contract the terminal,” the noun “contract” has converted into a verb), Borrowing (e.g., “gene” is borrowed from German), a nd so on. In any circumstances, the discrimination of the original meaning and contextual analysis are of vital importance. Only when we get an accurate understanding of the terms, can we put them into Chinese as they actually mean.10. 4. Put the following passage into English.在本《国际标准》中，”文摘”一词的意义是：对原文献内容准确、扼要而不加解释或评论的表述。
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2013.1.11
江苏师范大学2012届英语师范专业泛读教程题型
1.猜测词义 5题，每题2分，信号词1分，词义1分
2. 选词填空 15题空，备选单词20个，每题2分，选对单词1分，形式正确1分。
3. Cloze 15题，每题1分
4.sentence reading 15题，每题1分
5. Comprehension 5篇文章，15题，每题2分
样题：Read the following sentences carefully. The questions that follow are designed to test your comprehension of complex grammatical structures. Select the best answer.
Example:
The student revolt is not only a thorn in the side of the president ’s newly establish government, but it has international implications as well Whom or what does this revolt affect?
A. the students
B. the side of the president ’s body
C. only the national government
D. national and international affairs
explanation
_____A. according to the sentence, the students are the cause of certain events, not among those affected
_____B. although you may not have been familiar with the idiom a thorn in someone ’s side, context clues should have told you that this phrase means a problem and does not actually refer to the side of the president ’s body.
_____C. national government is an incomplete answer. The construction not only …but … as well should tell you that more than one element is involved. The president ’s newly established government (the national government) is not the only area affected by the revolt
_____D. the revolt affects both national and international affairs.。