2012英语四级题型与做题技巧[1]1

四、六级阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判1、基本正确四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。

基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。

考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。

最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。

2、丰富多变基础较好的同学，要想取得四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。

丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。

同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换(无法替换的关键词除外)。

例如：think可以替换为reckon, assume, argue等词。

如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。

此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。

四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右;六级只需12句左右。

全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。

所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。

同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般15~20词即可，太长则易冗赘。

有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。

如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。

精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调; 复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。

作文高分真经(一)背诵背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝，可分为以下5个层次：(1)精彩词汇;(2)精彩句型;(3)精彩句子;(4)万能框架;(5)经典范文。

注意句子和句型不一样，精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。

背诵前，确保自己已充分理解所有内容。

语言学习有两个关键词——输入(INPUT)和输出(OUTPUT)。

听力和阅读属于输入，考生处于被动状态，只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。

应对这种题目的技巧很多，容易在短期内提高。

但口语和写作属于输出，考生必须变被动为主动，这很难在短期内突破。

没有大量的输入，很难进行自由输出。

四、六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文，共计120或150余字，很多同学叫苦不迭。

但若将其改为中文作文，大家就会觉得易如反掌。

原因何在?俗话说：―熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也能吟。

‖同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作，可以随意组合，自由输出。

然而，在英语学习中，多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读，很少有人背诵英文文章。

正因为没有大量输入，写作才始终处于―挤牙膏‖状态，想一句说一句，说一句翻译一句。

提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。

多读、多背是首要任务，是积累输入的关键。

考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文，平时勤于背诵。

有的同学问我，说自己背过很多英文文章，但上了考场还是大脑一片空白，什么都想不起来。

这种情况很常见，主要有两个原因：一是没有进行造句的工作，只是盲目背诵。

二是背得不够熟练。

学习任何东西都讲究先求质，再求量。

大家英语学了很多年，文章看了很多，为什么写作还是学不好?关键是量铺开了，但质没有上去。

一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度，如果还需要过脑子，就证明背得不够熟练。

一知半解，背得再多也是徒劳。

(二)默写背完经典范文后，进行默写。

然后对照原文纠错，搞清楚错在什么地方。

多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误，如拼写、单复数、大小写等。

这些就是你在写作中的弱点，也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。

培根说过：―Writing makes an exact man.‖(写作使人精确。

)只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。

(三)中译英中译英也是提高写作的好方法。

根据范文的中文译文，将其按自己的理解译成英文。

译完后，你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距，这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。

这时，对照范文，看看原作者是怎么写的，思考为什么这么写。

同样的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型?你使用了哪些词汇和句型?学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。

通过不断练习，你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。

(四)写作模仿范文写作新的文章，套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。

最初套用时可能比较生硬，但随着不断的积累，组合起来会越来越顺手。

上述的高分策略是提高四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。

在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语，以扩大词汇量，拓展知识面。

背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义，并了解其使用环境。

备考时，熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文，并进行仿写。

考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取―回避政策‖，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。

对比观点题型(1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1.有一些人认为……2.另一些人认为……3.我的看法……The topic of ①________(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②________(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③________(理由二). Moreover, ④________(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,________(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥____________(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦____________(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧________(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨____________(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .(2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that ①________(观点一). For example, they think ②________(举例说明).And it will bring them ③________(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④____(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤____(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said,I agree to the thought that ⑥____(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述.1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.2. 分析并举例使其更充实.The good old proverb ________(名言或谚语)reminds us that ________(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,________(理由一). For example, ____________(举例说明). Secondly,________(理由二). Another case is that ________(举例说明). Furthermore , ____________(理由三).In my opinion, ________(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say____A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you‖ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径1. 问题现状2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days, we have to face I problem——A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ________(说明A的现状).Second, ________(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ________(解决方法一). For another ________(解决方法二). Finally, ________(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that ________(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(带来的好处).四、说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)1. 说明事物现状2. 事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)3. 你对现状(或前景)的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ________(A的优点之一). Besides ____________(A的优点之二).But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,____________(A的第二个缺点).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ________(我的看法).(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ________(对前景的预测议论文的框架(1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型)There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People,however,differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.(2)利弊型的议论文Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____ 缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.英语四级英译汉的目的,要求和评分As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4) 谚语警句性议论文It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.1.The above mentioned issue results from the following factors./ Many factors are responsible for the problem. To begin with, ________. What’s more, _________. Last but not the least, ____________.2.There is no doubt that____________.…No one can deny that____________.…It goes without saying that____________.…3. When it comes to the issue, different people have different opinions.4.Just as any coin has two sides. I believe there is some truth to both. If I am allowed to make a decision, I prefer _____ to _______ because _______.5.sth. is an indispensable part of sth.6.People can not imagine the world without_______./ People can not imagine what the world would be like without_______.7.In my view, we have to think carefully before we make the decision to _____. Question1 ? Question2 ? These questions need to be answered before we make the final decision.8.in all walks of life9.As an old saying goes,10.Instead of doing sth, we should.…rather than11.It is true that…, but… eg. It is true that we can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything.12.attach great importance to sth.13.… is a hot issue14. satisfy/meet one’s needs and desires15.sth. benefit sb.= sth. do good to sb.sb. benefit from sth.sb. receive benefit from/by sth.sth/it. is beneficial to sth./sb.16.try every means to do sth./strive to do sth.17.sb. do sth., while sb. others do sth. else一)比较1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.However, the same is not applicable to B.10. A and B differ in several ways.11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.13. The same is true of B.14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...二)原因1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...5. The change in rgely results from the fact that...6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...Perhaps the primary factor is that …But the fundamental cause is that ...三)后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems.2. The immediate result it produces is ...3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...4. Its consequence can be so great that...四)批驳1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6) It makes no sense to argue for ...7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...五)举例1) A good case in point is ...2) As an illustration, we may take ...3) Such examples might be given easily.4) ...is often cited as an example.六)证明1) No one can deny the fact that ...2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...4) Recent studies indicate that ...5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that七)开篇1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...8) According to a recent survey, ...9) With the rapid development of ..., ...八)结尾1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...10) Taking all these into account, we ...11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear... 转贴于：第二部分是快速阅读，要求考生在15分钟内阅读大约1200个单词的文章，做完10个题目。