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FMS Flow Sensor FMS-1 产品说明说明书

Series FMS Flow Sensor FMS-1is for applications requiring RELATIVE measurement and set-point of flow rate. This means that the actual velocity of the flow or the quantitative measurement in GPM is not known and is not important.What is important is that the set-point can be set as a “percentage of” or “relative to” the full flow rate. No other flow sensor could do it this simply or effectively.HOW IT OPERATESThe model FMS uses a set of flashing LED’s to indicate flow. All 7 of the LED’s will remain lit to show 100% flow rate. The flow OK light will also be lit showing that the established full flow rate is what is flowing in the pipe. When you initially set the flow rate, it will mark that as your 100% mark. If your flow reduces below the 50%mark, you will get an alarm from the sensor.If flow increases beyond the initially established flow rate, the “Overflow” LED light will come on. It is then the operator’s decisions as to whether to ignore it if too much flow is not a problem and may actually choose this flow rate to be the new “normal”flow rate. This can be done by just depressing the “set” button until all LED’s flash.The FMS has now recalibrated itself to the new flow rate. The “flow ok” LED will again light and the set-point will automatically be re-set at the 50% of flow point. INSTALLATION1. Install the flow sensor by inserting the 1/2 MNPT threaded sensor tip into a tapped pipe or T fitting. Use Pipe T ape or Plumbers Putty on NPT threads to aid in sealing. Tighten firmly.2. Apply power to the flow sensor by connecting the Brown wire to +24VDC supply and the Blue wire to common. The Black wire is now connected to the + side of your load. The white wire is not used.NOTE: Be sure that the common (ground) of the flow sensor and the LOAD are the same.3. Turn on your flow and allow the flow to reach full normal flow rate. Then depress the set button on the face of the flow sensor and hold while the flow sensor ranges itself to the full flow rate or 5 ft/second whichever is less. All of the 7 LED’s will flash when auto scaling is complete.3-3/16SPECIFICATIONSService: Water and water based liquids/oil and oil-based liquids.Wetted Materials:Sensor Head: 303 SSLow Flow Set Point: Auto set @ 50% / Adjustable via “set” push button.Set Point Range: 5.0 ft/sec (0-150 cm/sec).Repeatability: < 0.5%.Hysteresis: 10% of set-point value typical.Medium Temperature Limits: -4 to 176°F (-20 to 80°C.)Pressure: 450 psi (30 bar).Response Time:25 seconds (typical).Supply Voltage:20-30 VDC (short circuit protected).Switching Current:< 200mA.Power Consumption: 6 W max.Electical Connection: M12 male socket 4pin +2m cable with M12 connector and pigtail.Process Connection: 1/2˝ Male NPT Thread.Enclosure Rating:IP 65 (NEMA 4).Initial Operation:After 15 seconds.Switch Type: PNP N.O. (switch closed with flow), PNP N.C. (switch open with flow).Weight: .55 lb (.25 kg.)4. Now release the set button and the flow sensor will set a set point at 50% of the full value set above. Should you wish to set the set point at a different LED setting (or “relative” rate of flow) simply depress the set button repeatedly in short intervals, and the set-point will change clockwise to any LED you wish to choose. When the correct LED is flashing your new set point is established.5. The Over range light (Green LED) will come on if your already established full flow rate were to increase. If you wish to rescale to the new flow rate, simply depress the set button again as you did in Step 3.0 and re set your set-point if desired, using the same procedure as in item 4.0 above.NOTE: Use caution while installing the flow sensor so as not to damage the tip of the sensor. The electronics are embedded just behind the tip of the flow sensor and denting or bottoming out of the tip could cause damage.Maintenance is not required as the flow sensor has no moving parts. However,should the sensor become coated after a period of time in operation due to water or media conditions, simply wipe the probe tip with a soft cloth and alcohol.MAINTENANCEThe Series FMS Flow Sensor is not field serviceable and should be returned if repair is needed (field repair should not be attempted and may void warranty). Be sure to include a brief description of the problem plus anyrelevant application notes. Contact customer service to receive a return goods authorization numberbefore shipping.©Copyright 2014 Dwyer Instruments, Inc.Printed in U.S.A. 9/14FR# R5-443462-00 Rev.1。

传感器1（Sensor1）

传感器1（Sensor 1）October 2012 selfSensors and detection technology (02202) review guidanceUnit synthesis test 1 (Chapter 1 to fourth)Tip: focus on examining the definition, composition, classification, sensor static and dynamic characteristics, and the calibration of the main performance indexes of the meaning, concept and method of calibration; parameter type, power type, large displacement type displacement sensor working principle, characteristics and application; force, torque, pressure, speed, acceleration sensor type and working principle etc..First, the multiple-choice question1, according to the composition of the sensor, the following can directly feel the measured physical quantity is (A)A sensitive element,B conversion element,C conversion circuit,D amplifying circuit2 、 a sensor made of the principle that the physical and chemical properties of a substance changes with the measured parameters is called BA structured sensors,B physical sensors,C active sensors,D passive sensors3, according to the sensor energy source classification, thefollowing belongs to the passive type sensor is (C)A resistor type B, capacitive C, electrothermal D, Holzer type4, the following indicators of sensors, which do not belong to the dynamic performance indicators of the sensor is ()A stability time,B natural frequency,C overload capacity,D amplitude frequency characteristic5, the sensor can be determined by dynamic calibrationA accuracy,B sensitivity,C linearity,D natural frequency6, the use of differential transformer displacement sensor displacement measurement, in order to identify the moving direction of objects, processing equipment must have links is ()A filter,B amplification,C rectification,D phase sensitive detection7, the following displacement sensor can measure large displacement is ()A potentiometer displacement sensor,B capacitive displacement sensor,C inductive displacement sensor,D Inductosyn8, the following is not a piezoelectric gyro angular velocity sensor is ()A vibration beam type,B double plate type,C bend type,D round tube type9, phase discriminator inductosyn according to the induction electromotive force () to identify displacement.A amplitude,B phase,C frequency,D phase and frequency10, when the DC speed generator has the load, the output voltage is compared with the armature induction electromotive forceA the former is large,B is small,C is equal, andD is uncertain11, if the grating grating displacement sensor is 0.04 mm, the gate line angle is 1.8 degrees, then the spacing of two adjacent to the moire fringe ()A 0.022 mmB 0.07 mmC 1.27 mmD 3.99 mm12 capacitance torque measuring instrument is to use the force of the axle, the capacitor between the two plates () changes to measure torque.A spacing,B relative effective area,C dielectric constant, D, breakdown voltageTwo. Fill in the blanks13, when the input sensor is either constant or varies slowly with time, the relationship between input and output of the sensor is called static sensor {}.14, the sensor response characteristics must satisfy the measurement conditions ___________ in the frequency range of the measurements.15, the capacitance of capacitive sensor is a function of the dielectric constant of the electrode area, and _________ between the plates of the medium.16, self inductance type displacement sensor can be divided into variable area type and ___________________ type, variable air gap.17, eddy current displacement sensor is the use of______________ will change the measured conversion device for changing the coil impedance.18, the magnetic grid displacement sensor can be divided into the measurement of linear displacement of the long magnetic grid and angle displacement measurement _________.19, magnetoelastic torque instrument is also known as_____________________.20, for a given piezoelectric material, when the mass increases or piezoelectric increased when the sensitivity of ________.21, no-load output voltage of DC tachogenerator and speed ___________________.22, when measuring the slow signal or measured by the chargeoutput when the occasion, the two piezoelectric element of ____.23, charge amplifier input impedance in ___________ ohm.24, the piezoelectric sensor must be pre amplifier connected ______________ when in use.Unit synthesis test two (fifth to seventh)Note: we have the type of artificial vision sensor, vision sensor and various components of the function and method of image processing, photoelectric semiconductor, solid camera; principle of infrared image sensor; temperature sensor temperature classification, mechanism and method, structure, characteristics and application;Working principle of gas sensor, temperature sensor and moisture sensor.First, the multiple-choice question1. The main function of the receiving part of the vision sensor is ()A gives full play to the important conditions of sensor performanceB converts an optical image signal into an electrical signalC converts the electrical signals of two-dimensional imagesinto one-dimensional signals in time seriesD extracts effective information2 、 the function that the vidicon does not have is ()A photoelectric conversion function,B scanning function, C, D/A function, D storage function3. The camera element of the solid semiconductor camera can be abbreviated as ()A, CCD, B, VCD, C, VTR, D, VCR4, in artificial vision systems, brightness information can be digitized by means of.A D/A converter,B A/D converter,C adder,D integrator5 parallel thermocouples can be used for measurementA instantaneous change of temperatureB single constant temperatureC average temperatureD temperature difference6. Measure the temperature of the object that cannot be reached directly. The type of temperature sensor to choose is ()A thermocoupleB brightness typeC thermal resistanceD semiconductor type7, thermopile refers to which of the following thermocouples?A series thermocouple,B parallel thermocouple,C film thermocouple,D sheathed thermocouple8, in general, require thermistor type temperature sensor thermistor and temperature ()A is sinusoidal,B is cosine relationship,C is linear, andD is linear in a certain range9. The higher the temperature measured by the metal thermal resistance temperature sensor, the movement of the free electrons in the sensitive elementA the more regular theB is, the more irregular theC is normal distribution, and theD is linear10, SnO2 gas sensors are widely used in ()A measure the quality of gas, B, fire alarm, C, measure the concentration of gas, D for electrical parts11. The tape recorder uses () senses the temperature inside the machine, and when the humidity reaches a certain level, the machine stops automatically.A electronic hygrometer,B macromolecule membrane humidity sensor,C ceramic humidity sensor,D condensation sensor12 、 practical moisture sensor is to use the relationship between the measured substances (and) and moisture content toachieve moisture content measurement.A resistance valueB capacitance valueC voltage valueD current valueTwo. Fill in the blanks13, commonly used gas sensors according to the structure type can be divided into sintered, _________ and thick film type three.The main purpose of the 14 artificial vision system, image processing is ___________, image recognition for.15 methods, image processing and _____________________ calculus.16, the sliding sensor is refers to between the Department and the operation of inspection robot object tangential________________.17, the working principle of thermocouple temperature sensor is based on _____________________.Principle 18, brightness temperature sensor for object____________ transform with temperature, brightness of a narrow region and the measured object of spectrum and standard radiator compared to measure temperature.19, a semiconductor temperature sensor based on_____________________.20, including thermocouple thermoelectric EMF and_____________________ contact.21, when there is condensation inside the tape recorder, tape and drive mechanism between ______ will increase.In _____________ within the total radiation energy and the temperature dependence of temperature measurement object 22, radiation temperature sensor using.23, electronic hygrometer consisting of a detection part, a digital display and _______________.24, the gas sensor is a gas sensor will detect ____________ into electrical signals.Unit synthesis test three (eighth to ninth)Tip: classification, main test bridge application and working characteristics, types of filter, amplitude frequency characteristic, function and advantages, common methods of digital filter, digital analog conversion principle and technical index; sampling theorem, theorem and the resolution to four times subdivision principle, and the formation of the sources of interference and suppression methods, signal linearization signal processing method; the classification, description, description, amplitude frequency domain electromagnetic vibration exciter principle etc..First, the multiple-choice question1 、 the function of the bridge measuring circuit is to change the parameter of the sensor into (C) or the output change of the current.A resistor,B capacitor,C voltage,D charge2, the output voltage of a single arm bridge is 10V, and the output voltage is nonlinear relationship with the resistance change. After linearization, the output voltage is 10.2V, and the nonlinear error of the bridge is ()A 1.96%,B 2%,C 8%,D 92%3, if the detection system is not too high filter requirements, you can use ()A passive filter,B active filter,C low-pass filter,D high pass filter4, the resistance R in the band-pass filter circuit is increased, then the central angle frequency ().A increases B, decreases C, and D remains unchanged5 、 passive RC first-order high pass filter outputs the output voltage from (both) ends.A resistor, R,B capacitor,C C operational amplifier,D inductance, L6. The buffer is usually used at the output stage of the sampling humidifierA reduces the input impedance of the signal source, B, and increases the output impedance of the signal sourceC the input impedance of the smaller loadD increases the input impedance of the load7 、 in the grating displacement sensor with four times subdivision, the phase difference can not be determined according to the phase difference between two signalsA 45 degrees B, 90 degrees C, 135 degrees D, 180 degreesIn 8, by limiting the maximum deviation of the digital filter, if the limit deviation of delta Y is less than or equal to 0.01, the sampling value of 0.415, the last sampling value is 0.403, the sampling value should be (Yn)A 0.401,B 0.403,C 0.408,D 0.4159, the autocorrelation function of the periodic signal must be ()A periodic function, B, aperiodic, odd function, C, aperiodic even function, D linear function10, the known signal x (T) is completely related to the signal Y (T), and the correlation of the two signals satisfies ()A P XY (T) > 1B P XY (r = 1)C 0, XY < p < 1 (R),D XY (r = 0).11, the time delay is zero, the signal autocorrelation function is (signal)A mean,B mean square,C variance,D amplitude12, the Fu Liye transform of the known function x (T) is X (f), and the Fu Liye transform of function y (T) =x (-t) is ()A, X (f), B - X (f), C, X (-f), D - X (-f)Two. Fill in the blanks13, access bridge according to the measured resistance can be divided into different Wheatstone bridge and _____________.In 14, the bridge measurement circuit, according to the different __________ by bridge, bridge can be divided into direct current and alternating current bridge.15, in order to obtain the frequency signal of a certain frequency, can be used _______________.16, the signal frequency is higher than 500Hz, can be used for _______________ filter.17, RC low-pass filter RC value is higher, while lower cut-off frequency is _______________.18, in the sample and hold circuit, sampling switch off time is called _______________.19, if a grating of 25 lines / mm, is four times the resolution of _______________ division.20, the known function of X (T) of the Fourier transform of X (f), if x (T) is an odd function, X (f) for ___________.21, a resistor R and capacitor C in series and then connected in parallel to the power switch or relay ends RC absorption circuit, its function is _______________.22, if the relationship between the two signals is 0, indicating the two signal _______________.23, periodic signal spectrum harmonic, discrete and_______________.24, if the input function is x (T) and the output function of Y (T) coherent function gamma 2XY (?) =0, X (T) and Y (T)_______________.。

电磁流流量计专业英语

1、DEVICE SETUP————1、PROCESS VARIABLES————1、PV（瞬时流量）（设备设置）（过程变量） 2、TOTL（累积量）2、DIAG/SERVICE———1、TEST DEVICE——1、TEST/STATUS———1、STATUS （状态）（诊断及服务）（检测设置）（检测/状态） 2、SELF TEST（自检）2、AUTO ZERO(自动调零)3、ZERO TUNING（零点调整）—INHIBIT（禁止）ENABLE（允许）4、OUTPUT TRIM——1、D/A TRIM（从数字到模拟的修正）（输出修正）2、SCALED D/A TRIM（从设定了刻度的数字到模拟的修正）2、TOOP TEST（回路检测）3、STATUS OUT（状况输出）-- NORMAL（正常工作）CLOSED （ON）触点输出状态（ON）OPEN （OFF）触点输出状态（OFF）3、BASIC SETUP————1、PV UNIT（瞬时流量单位）—— GAL/MIN（基本设置） L/MINCUM/HFT/SM/SSPCL2、SPAN（量程）3、LINE SIZE（通径大小）4、PV DAMP（输出阻尼）5、TAG（位号）6、DESCRIPTOR（描述）7、MESSAGE（信息）8、DATE（日期）4、DETAILED SETUP——1、SENSOR——1、PV（瞬时流量）（详细设置）（传感器）2、FLOW UNITS——1、BASE VOL UNIT（流量单位）（基本体积单位）2、BASE TIME UNIT（基本时间单位）3、VELOCITY CHECK（速度检测）4、SENSOR CONFIG————1、SIZE UNIT（通径单位）（传感器设置）2、LINE SIZE（通径大小）3、LOW MF（低频仪表系数）4、HIGH MF（高频仪表系数）5、AUTO ZERO（自动调零）6、FLOW DIR （方向选择）2、INPUT（输入）——1、PV % RNGE(瞬时流量%显示)2、SPAN（量程）3、PV DAMP（输出阻尼）4、SIGNAL PROCESSING----1、RATE LIMIT（信号处理）(比例极限%)2、DEAD TIME（比例极限延迟采样时间）3、POWER SYNCH（内部频率与电源频率同步）4、POWER FREQ（电源频率）5、PULSING FLOW（消除脉动流）3、TOTALIZER（累积量）--1、TOTL(累积量)2、TOTAL UNIT——n UNIT/P（累积单位）u UNIT/Pm UNIT/PUNIT/Pk UNIT/Pm UNIT/PPULSE/s3、TOTAL SCALE（累积脉冲当量）4、TOTAL LOW CUT（累积量低限切除）5、TL SET VALUE（预设定值）6、TOTAL SET （累积预设定允许/禁止）7、TOTAL SWITCH（累积开关值）8、REVERSE TOTAL（反向累积值）9、DIF TOTAL（累积值之差）4、OUTPUTS--- 1、ANALOG SET————1、ANALOG LOW CUT（输出）（模拟值设定）（模拟值低限切除）2、ANALOG LOW LMT（模拟低限极限）3、ANALOG HI LMT（模拟高限极限）2、ANALOG OUTPUT（模拟输出）—— 1、PV AO（瞬时电流）2、PV AO ALRM TYP（瞬时电流报警类型）3、LOOP TEST（回路检测）4、OUTPUT TRIM（输出调整）5、4-20 ALARM OUT（4-20MA报警输出）3、HART OUTPUT（HART 输出）——— 1、POLL ADDR（地址）2、NUM REQ PREAMS（要求前文的数量）3、BURST MODE（猝发/脉冲方式）4、BURST OPTION（猝发/脉冲附加功能）4、FUNCTION SET（功能设定）———1、OUTPUT FUNCTION（输出功能）2、REVERSE SPAN（反方向量程）3、BI DIRECTION HYS（正、反流量测量滞后）4、FORWARD SPAN2（正向第二量程）5、AUTO RANGE HYS（二种量程改变时的滞后）6、LOW ALARM（流量下限报警点）7、LOW ALARM HYS（流量下限报警滞后）5、PULSE OUTPUT（脉冲输出）———1、PULSE UNIT（脉冲当量单位）2、PULSE SCALE（脉冲当量）3、PULSE LOW CUT（脉冲下限切除值）4、PULSE WIDTH（输出脉冲宽度）6、DISP OUTPUT（显示输出）——— 1、DISP SELECT（表头显示选择）2、F1 USER SEL(用户自定义单位)3、F1 USER SPAN（用户自定义量程）7、APPL SET—————1、TOTAL/PULSE(选择用在累积/脉冲的是瞬时流量还是延时流量)2、OUTPUT MODE（脉冲输出晶体管设定）3、ENPTY PIPE（空管报警）5、DEVICE INFO（设备信息）- 1、MANUFACTURER （生产厂家）2、TAG（位号）3、DESCRIPTOR（描述）4、MESSAGE（信息）5、DATE（日期）6、DEV ID（设备ID）7、WRITE PROTECT（写保护）8、REVISION#’S(设备版本)5、REVIEW（设备信息一览）——1、REVIEW 1（1号设备信息一览）2、REVIEW 2（2号设备信息一览）3、REVIEW 3（2号设备信息一览）2、PV3、PV AO4、SPAN。

sensor的原理

sensor的原理
传感器是一种用于感知和测量环境中各种物理量的装置。

它通过将物理量转换为电信号或其他形式的信号，使得这些物理量能够被电子设备识别和处理。

传感器的原理通常基于一定的物理效应或现象。

以下是几种常见的传感器原理：
1. 压力传感器：利用压力对某种物质（如金属或硅）的形变产生的变化来测量压力。

例如，压力导致物质的形变，进而改变其电阻、电容或电感等参数，从而实现对压力的测量。

2. 温度传感器：利用物体温度与某种物理性质（如电阻、电压或热电效应等）之间的关系进行测量。

这些物理性质在不同温度下会有不同的变化，通过测量这些变化即可得到温度信息。

3. 光传感器：利用光电效应来测量光的强度、颜色或波长等。

具体原理可分为光电二极管、光电三极管、光电导、光敏电阻等，通过对光信号的敏感材料的光电特性的变化来实现对光信号的测量。

4. 位置传感器：通过测量物体位置或运动状态来获取位置信息。

常见的位置传感器有电感、激光测距、声波测距、磁场测距等。

这些传感器依赖于不同的物理效应，如电感变化、激光或声波的反射时间等。

5. 加速度传感器：利用物理量加速度与物体位置或速度的变化
率之间的关系进行测量。

加速度传感器通常使用压电效应或微机电系统（MEMS）技术来实现，其中压电传感器通过测量压电陶瓷或晶片的压电效应来检测加速度。

这些传感器原理的应用范围非常广泛，包括工业自动化、交通运输、环境监测、医疗设备等领域。

通过传感器的精确测量，我们能够对物理世界进行更深入的了解，并提供基础数据用于各种应用和系统的构建。

Sensor-1简介

技術組內部培訓用Sensor 簡介Martin WangOct, 2010技術組內部培訓用成像原理:技術組內部培訓用差異比較:•原色CCD / 補色CCD•CCD的第二層是『分色濾色片』，目前有兩種分色方式，一是RGB 原色分色法，另一個則是CMYG補色分色法。

這兩種方法各有利幣。

不過以產量來看，原色和補色CCD的比例約在2：1左右。

•原色CCD的優勢在於，畫質銳利，色彩真實，但缺點則是雜訊問題。

因此，同學們可以注意，一般採用原色CCD的數位相機，在ISO感光度上多半不會超過400。

相對的補色CCD多了一個Y 黃色濾色器，在色彩的分辨上比較仔細，但卻犧牲了部分影像解析度，而在ISO值上，補色CCD可以容忍較高的感度，一般都可設定在800以上。

技術組內部培訓用色彩處理:技術組內部培訓用Image Constructed with Bayer Pattern技術組內部培訓用CCD ISO感光能力技術組內部培訓用ISO感光能力•數位相機最大的ISO值主要是取決於最低的可接受的信噪比（S/N）。

克服S/N 的最大關鍵乃是位於元件中的『電極暗電流-Black level』電壓電荷。

是指在沒有入射光的情況下sensor所仍輸出之電壓電荷訊號，理想的應該是零。

S/N的強度還會隨溫度增高而增加（每增加10℃，S/N可能增加1倍）。

因此，在連續使用數位相機過久的情況下，機體溫度過熱會導致畫面的雜訊增加。

•簡化來自特定區域sensor上的畫素信號來提高ISO 表現（因為無法在物理上增大感光面積，只好聯合矩陣在處理上『模擬』大感光面積的方式，所以ISO 越高就必須相對的降低解析度-見下圖），但這也相對的降低了影像的色調範圍。

而軟體處理則是根據數據運算，取得合理的曝光表現，但通常也會伴隨著雜訊的產生。

技術組內部培訓用技術組內部培訓用CCD的排列:•FUJI Fine Pix 4700就是採用這種作法。

FUJIFILM所開發之「SUPER CCD」是將CCD畫素本體以45度角回轉，呈蜂巢式狀排列（參閱下圖），結果是將PHOTO diode間的配線部不要實現其大型化。

sensor不良原因及对策

振动和冲击
强烈的振动和冲击会对sensor的机械结构和电气连接造成损坏，导致性能下降或失效。
化学物质侵蚀
某些化学物质可能对sensor的材料造成侵蚀和破坏，导致性能下降或失效。
04
sensor不良对策制定
针对设计原因的对策
01
02
03
优化设计
引入仿真技术
强化设计审查
对sensor的结构、电路等进行优化，提高设计的合理性和可靠性，减少设计缺陷导致的不良。
sensor不良原因及对策
目录
• 引言 • sensor不良现象及影响 • sensor不良原因分析 • sensor不良对策制定 • sensor不良对策实施与效果评估 • 总结与展望
01
引言
目的和背景
提高产品质量
sensor作为产品的重要组成部分，其性能直接影响产品质量，因此分析sensor不良原因并提出对策对提高产品质量具有重要意义。
建立材料数据库
建立材料数据库，对材料的性能、来源、批次等信息进行记录和追踪，方便后续分析和改进。
针对生产工艺原因的对策
完善生产工艺
01
对生产工艺进行全面分析和优化，确保生产工艺的稳定性和可
靠性。
加强过程控制
02
引入先进的过程控制技术，对生产过程中的关键参数进行实时
监控和调整，确保产品质量。
强化员工培训
03
提高员工技能和素质，确保员工能够熟练掌握生产工艺和操作
规范，减少人为因素导致的不良。
针对使用环境因素的对策
明确使用环境要求
在产品说明书中明确sensor的使用环境要求，包括温度、湿度、振动等参数范围。
加强环境适应性设计
在产品设计阶段考虑不同使用环境的影响，进行针对性的环境适应性设计。

Honeywell T9275 温控器操作说明书

发布时间：2012-12-10:赵玉甫
霍尼韦尔控制器T9275内部
符号说明
接通电源后，如果画面只显示OFF，长按SELECT可直接进入。

1、SENSOR：0 表示内置传感器，1 表示外置传感器；预设0。

2、MODE：0 AO为制冷模式，DO 无；
1 AO为制热模式，DO 无；
2 AO为制冷模式，DO 为制热模式；
3 AO为制热模式，DO 为制冷模式；
4 AO为制冷模式，DO 为LOW TEMPLIMIT；
5 AO为制热模式，DO 为HIGH TEMPLIMIT；
3、MANUAL：0 表示自动控制，1 表示手动输出控制（0~100%）；预设为0。

4、DISPLAY：0 表示LCD上方显示环境温度，下方显示设定温度；
1 表示LCD上方显示输出百分比，下方显示环境温度。

预设为0。

5、F1：积分时间，预设15秒，范围：0.1~60秒。

6、F2：显示高低温报警，SENSOR 1时，10~60℃；SENSOR 2时，
-20~110℃；预设30℃，
7、OFFSET：温度补偿校正，范围：-3~+3℃；预设0℃。

8、PBAND：比例带，2~19之间。

9、DIFF：动作偏差，范围：0~3℃；预设0℃。

同时使用制冷及制
热时，其中一点DO控制时，可设定DIFFERENTIAL
VALUE使温度控制于偏差范围内。

10、ZBAND：零能源带，范围：1.5~+3℃；预设1.5℃。

同时使用制
冷及制热时，本功能才有作用，温度在ZBAND范围
内，不做控制。

sensor温度传感器1概要

接触式
热电效应接触式频率变化光学特性声学特性非接触式亮度法热辐射 — 全辐射法比色法红外法气流变化
3.2 膨胀式传感器
1.玻璃温度计 2.压力温度计 3.双金属温度计膨胀式测温是基于物体受热时产生膨胀的原理膨胀式温度计种类很多，按膨胀基体可分成液体膨胀式玻璃温度计、液体或气体膨胀式压力温度计及固体膨胀式双金属温度计。
工业生产自动化流程，温度测量点要占全部测量点的一半左右。因此，人类离不开温度，当然也离不开温度传感器。
温度传感器是实现温度检测和控制的重要器件。在种类繁多的传感器中，温度传感器是应用最广泛、发展最快的传感器之一。
温度测量的基本概念
温度标志着物质内部大量分子无规则运动的剧烈程度。温度越高，表示物体内部分子热运动越剧烈。
固体长度随温度变化的情况可用下式表示：
L1 L0 1 k t1 t0
基于固体受热膨胀原理，测量温度通常是把两片线膨胀系数差异相对很大的金属片叠焊在一起，构成双金属片感温元件当温度变化时，因双金属片的两种不同材料线膨胀系数差异相对很大而产生不同的膨胀和收缩，导致双金属片产生弯曲变形。下图是双金属温度计原理图：
玻璃温度计的分类： • 全浸式：测温准确度高，但读刻度困难，使用操作不便。 • 局浸式：读数容易，但测量误差较大，即使采取修正措施其误差比全浸式仍要大好几倍或更多。
•
V形工业玻璃温度计
3.2.2 压力温度传感器
压力温度计是根据一定质量的液体、气体、在体积不变的条件下其压力与温度呈确定函数关系的原理实现其测温功能的。压力温度计的典型结构示意图
☻ 热电效应：为两种不同类型的金属导体，导体两端分别接在一起构成闭合回路，当两个结点温度不等有温差时回路里会产生热电势，形成电流，这种现象称为热电效应。

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eresis
A transducer should be capable of following the changes in the input parameter regardless of the direction from which the change occurs. Hysteresis is a measure of this property.
Sensitivity
The sensitivity of the sensor is defined as the slope of the output characteristic curve. It is the minimum input of physical parameter that will create a detectable output change. In some sensors, the sensitivity is defined as the input parameter change required to produce a standardized output change.
Accuracy
The accuracy of the sensor is the maximum difference that will exist between the actual value and the indicated value at the output of the sensor.
Sensor Definition:
A sensor is a device that detects a change in a physical stimulus and turns it into a signal which can be measured or recorded (the sensing element). E.g. Thermistor changes temperature to resistance A transducer is a device that transfers power from one system to another in the same or in different form (the element + the circuitry) e.g. thermistor + bridge circuit change temperature to a voltage
Dynamic Range
The dynamic range is the total range of the sensor from minimum to maximum.
Rdyn ymax ymin
Precision
Precision refers to the degree of reproducibility of a measurement. In other words, if exactly the same value was measured a number of times, an ideal sensor would output exactly the same value every time.
Response time
A sensor does not change output state immediately when an input parameter change occurs. The change occurs over a period of time, called the response time. The response time can be defined as the time required for a sensor output to change from its previous state to a final settled value within an error tolerance band of the correct new value.
Application in Civil Engineering
• • • • Construction Health monitoring Structural control Transportation
Sensor Specification
•Sensitivity •Accuracy •Speed of response •Overload characteristics •Hysteresis •Operating life •Stability (short or long term) •Monotonicity •Cost, size, weight •Stimulus range •Resolution •Selectivity •Environmental conditions •Linearity •Output format •Precision •Offset
Field of Applications
•Agriculture •Civil engineering •Automotive •Energy, power •Health, medicine •Manufacturing •Military •Scientific measurement •Domestic, appliances •Environment, meteorology, •Security •Information, telecommunication •Marine •Recreation, toys •Space •Others
Offset
The offset is an error in the output when it should be zero. Adjustment can usually be made to eliminate or minimize this error. The ideal curve exist at only one temperature (usually 25oC).
Sensitivity
• Sensitivity is defined as the change in output per change in input. • Sensitivity of digital sensors is closely related to resolution. • Sensitivity of analog sensors is the slope of the output versus input. • Sensor with linear behavior exhibits constant sensitivity over the entire input range.
Passive Versus Active Sensors
An active sensor is one that requires an external AC or DC electrical source to power the device.
For example:
Resistive strain gauge that usually requires a 7.5 V DC regulated power supply to operate. Without that power supply, there is no output from the sensor. An LVDT also requires external power
Sensors for Health Monitoring Applications: Lecture 1
Peter Chang University of Maryland
Outline
• • • • Sensor characteristics and specifications Method of sensing Sensors used in SHM MEMS sensors
Monotonicity
Monotonicity is another measure of linearity. A monotonic curve is one in which the dependent variable always either increases or decreases as the independent variable increases. Sensors do not have to be linear to be consider monotonic.
Passive sensors
A passive sensor is one that either provides its own energy or derives it from the phenomenon being measured.
For example:
A thermocouple to measure temperature; a paint that cracks at a certain level of strain; a reflector
Resolution
Resolution is the smallest increment of input that can be reliably detected. Resolution of a digital sensor is easily determined Resolution of analog sensors is usually limited only by low-level electrical noise and is often much better than equivalent digital sensors.