广东工业大学环境化学2007年考研真题／研究生入学考试试题
广东工业大学812物理化学2000--2010年考研真题／研究生入学考试试题
11 298K将AgNO3滴入KI（过量）溶液中形成的溶胶，下列电解质中哪种聚沉能力最大？（ A LiNO3 B KNO3 C CaCl2 D Na2SO4
12．下列性质中哪个不属于胶体的性质（ ） A．布朗运动 B．电导 C．电泳 D．沉降平衡 13.气体被液化的必要条件是（ ） A．气体温度低于沸点 B．气体温度低于临界温度 C．气体压力大于临界压力 D．气体温度小于波义尔温度 14. 一定体积的水，当分散成许多小水滴，同温度下两种状态相比，以下性质保持不变的是（ ） A．饱和蒸汽压 B．表面积 C．液面下的附加压力 D．表面张力 15. 将半径相同的三根玻璃毛细管分别插入乙醇水溶液、NaCl水溶液及纯水中，毛细管中液面上 升的高度分别为h1、、h2、h3则（ A h1>h2>h3 ； B h3>h2>h1 ； 二．填充题（20分，每题2分） 1. 斯特恩双电层包括 和 。 。 ）。 D h2>h3>h1 。
5．当电流通过电极时，电极电位偏离平衡电极电位称为_________，原电池放电时，随电流密 度的增加，阳极电位变_________，阴极电位变________，输出电压变_________。 6. A、B两物质形成最低恒沸点的相图，当系统组成在恒沸组成以左时通过精馏在气相得到_____ _____，在瓶中得到_____________。 7. 对大多数纯物质的液体来说，当温度升高时，其表面张力__________。 8. Langmuir吸附适用于___________________，其吸附等温式为____________________。 9 加入催化剂后，反应速率加快的原因是________________________________________。 10. 由FeCl3 水解制得Fe（OH）3溶胶，稳定剂为FeCl3，请写出溶胶的胶团结构 。 三．简答题（25分，每题5分） 1．在一个底部为光滑平面的真空容器中，放有半径大小不等的圆球形汞滴，经过长时间放置 后，会出现什么现象。为什么？ 答：会出现大液滴变大，小液滴消失的现象。这是因为大液滴的饱和蒸气压低，小液滴的饱和 蒸气压高，小液滴不断蒸发，并凝聚到大液滴中。 2．一密闭的容器处于恒温环境，容器内有两杯液体，A杯为纯水，B杯为蔗糖水溶液，静置足够 长时间后，观察其变化，你会发现什么现象。 3．自然界发生的一切过程，都遵守能量守恒和转换定律，那么凡是遵守能量守恒和转换定律 的一切过程都能自发进行吗？
广东工业大学考研历年真题
广东工业大学考研历年真题【第一部分:单项填空】1. However, some actors _____ us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing. [单选题] *A.astonishedB. astonishingC. astonish(正确答案)D. is astonished2. He was a _____ figure in the French film industry. [单选题] *A. dominantlyB. dominant(正确答案)C. dominanceD. dominants3. The morning after your arrival, you meet with the _____ physician for a private consultation. [单选题] *A. residentsB. resident(正确答案)C. residenceD. residences4._____a reply, he decided to write again. [单选题] *A. Not receivingB. ReceivingC. Not having received(正确答案)D. Having not received5.With lots of trees and flowers _____here and there, the city looks very beautiful. [单选题] *A. having plantedB. planted(正确答案)C. have been plantedD. to be planted6. I have bought two ball-pens, _______ writes well. [单选题] *A. none of themB. neither of themC. neither of which(正确答案)D. none of which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. [单选题] *A.where(正确答案)B.hatC.whichD.there8.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. [单选题] *A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom(正确答案)9.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill. [单选题] *A. why; that(正确答案)B.that;whyC. for that;thatD.for which;what10. Is _______ some German friends visited last week? [单选题] *A. this schoolB. this the schoolC. this school oneD. this school where(正确答案)11. They are not very good, but we like_______. [单选题] *A. anyway to play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anyway(正确答案)C. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway12. He sent me an e-mail, _______to get further information. [单选题] *A. hopedB hoping(正确答案)C. to hopeD. hope13._____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. [单选题] *A. Being roundedB it was foundedC. Founded(正确答案)D. Founding14.The ____boy was last seen ______near the East Lake. [单选题] *A. Missing, playing(正确答案)B. missing, playC missed, playedD missed, to play15. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party. [单选题] *A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD not having been invited(正确答案)【第二部分:完形填空】A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green spacegained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such __62__ tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people __63__ it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can't be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been __64__ us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were __65__ to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a __66__ of the green.The new research, __67__ in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer __68__ identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood __69__ means more places for kids to play – which is __70__ since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind__71__: research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive __72__ for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading __73__ in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.__74__ to grassy areas has also been linked to __75__ stress and a lower body mass index (体重指数) among adults. And an __76__ of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.Glass cautions that most studies don't __77__ prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives __78__ the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.Finding green space is not __79__ easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take__80__ of what's there. Your children in particular will love it – and their bodies and minds will be __81__ to you.16. [单选题] *A) findings(正确答案)B) thesesC) hypothesesD) abstracts17. [单选题] *A) adaptB) attribute(正确答案)C) allocateD) alternate18. [单选题] *A) amongstB) alongC) besideD) with(正确答案)19. [单选题] *A) gluedB) related(正确答案)C) trackedD) appointed20. [单选题] *A) scrapingB) denyingC) depressingD) shrinking(正确答案)21. [单选题] *A) published(正确答案)B) simulatedC) illuminatedD) circulated22. [单选题] *A)atB)to(正确答案)C)forD)over23. [单选题] *A) fullyB) simply(正确答案)C) seriouslyD) uniquely24. [单选题] *A)vital(正确答案)B)casualC)fatalD)subtle25. [单选题] *A) stillB) alreadyC) too(正确答案)D) yet26. [单选题] *A) benefits(正确答案)B) profitsC) revenuesD) awards27. [单选题] *A) outwardB) apartC) asideD) outside(正确答案)28. [单选题] *A) ImmunityB) ReactionC) Exposure(正确答案)D) Addiction29. [单选题] *A)muchB)less(正确答案)C)moreD)little30. [单选题] *A) installmentB) expeditionC) analysis(正确答案)D) option31. [单选题] *A) curiouslyB) negativelyC) necessarily(正确答案)D) comfortably32. [单选题] *A) relievedB) delegatedC) approved(正确答案)D) performed33. [单选题] *A)merelyB)always(正确答案)C)mainlyD)almost34. [单选题] *A) advantage(正确答案)B) exceptionC) measureD) charge35. [单选题] *A) elevatedB) mercifulC) contentedD) grateful(正确答案)【第三部分:阅读理解】Passage 1Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einsteinemerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,”Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts.“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution.”Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.What might happen to such a submission today?“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”36. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs? [单选题] *[A] Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.[B] It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.[C] No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.[D] It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.(正确答案)37. What was critical to Einstein’s success? [单选题] *[A] His talent as an accomplished musician.[B] His independent and abstract thinking.(正确答案)[C] His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.[D] His solid foundation in math theory.38. What does the author tell us about physicists today? [单选题] *[A] They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.[B] They are very good at solving practical problems.[C] They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.[D] They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.(正确答案)39. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)? [单选题] *[A] People have to compete in order to get their papers published.[B] It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.[C] Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.[D] Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.(正确答案)40. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______. [单选题] *[A] forgot to make footnotes and citations[B] was little known in academic circles(正确答案)[C] was known as a young genius in math calculations[D] knew nothing about the format of academic papersPassage 2The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poorcountries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards ofliving.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts - a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discoveredthat illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? Wehave to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,they could in tum afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be ableto escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity forthe foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.41. The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor [单选题] * countries[A] is subject to groundless doubts.[B] has fallen victim of bias.[C] is conventionally downgraded.[D] has been overestimated.(正确答案)42. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new educational system [单选题] *[A] challenges economists and politicians.[B] takes efforts of generations.(正确答案)[C] demands priority from the government.[D] requires sufficient labor force.43. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that [单选题] *[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined.[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive.(正确答案)[C] the U.S. workforce has a better education.[D] the U.S. workforce is more organized.44. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged [单选题] *[A] when people had enough time.[B] prior to better ways of finding food.[C] when people no longer went hungry.(正确答案)[D] as a result of pressure on government.45. According to the last paragraph, development of education [单选题] *[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.(正确答案)[D] cannot afford political changes.Passage 3A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community; that is, all the populations oforganisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area.Parasitism is a kind of predator-prey relationship in which one organism, the parasite, derives its food at the expense of its symbiotic associate, the host. Parasites are usually smaller than their hosts. An example of a parasite is a tapeworm that lives inside the intestines of a larger animal and absorbs nutrients from its host. Natural selection favors the parasites that are best able to find and feed on hosts. At the same time, defensive abilities of hosts are also selected for. As an example, plants make chemicals toxic to fungal and bacterial parasites, along with ones toxic to predatory animals (sometimes they are the same chemicals). In vertebrates, the immune system provides a multiple defense against internal parasites.At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships. For example, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population. Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism) in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this host-parasite relationship.In contrast to parasitism, in commensalism, one partner benefits without significantly affecting the other. Few cases of absolute commensalism probably exist, because it is unlikely that one of the partners will be completely unaffected. Commensal associations sometimes involve one species' obtaining food that is inadvertently exposed by another. For instance, several kinds of birds feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing cattle. It is difficult to imagine how this could affect the cattle, but the relationship may help or hinder them in some way not yet recognized.The third type of symbiosis, mutualism, benefits both partners in the relationship Legume plants and their nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the interactions between flowering plantsand their pollinators, are examples of mutualistic association. In the first case, the plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compounds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it. In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only. Another example of mutualism would be the bull's horn acacia tree, which grows in Central and South America. The tree provides a place to live for ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex. The ants live in large, hollow thorns and eat sugar secreted by the tree. The ants also eat yellow structures at the tip of leaflets: these are protein rich and seem to have no function for the tree except to attract ants. The ants benefit the host tree by attacking virtually anything that touches it. They sting other insects and large herbivores (animals that eat only plants) and even clip surrounding vegetation that grows near the tree. When the ants are removed, the trees usually die, probably because herbivores damage them so much that they are unable to compete with surrounding vegetation for light and growing space.The complex interplay of species in symbiotic relationships highlights an important point about communities: Their structure depends on a web of diverse connections among organisms.46.Which of the following statements about commensalism can be inferred from paragraph 1? [单选题] *[A]It excludes interactions between more than two species.[B]It makes it less likely for species within a community to survive.[C]Its significance to the organization of biological communities is small.(正确答案)[D]Its role in the structure of biological populations is a disruptive one.47.According to paragraph 2. which of the following is true of the action of natural selection on hosts and parasites? [单选题] *[A]Hosts benefit more from natural selection than parasites do.[B]Both aggression in predators and defensive capacities in hosts are favored for species survival.(正确答案)[C]The ability to make toxic chemicals enables a parasite to find and isolate its host.[D]Larger size equips a parasite to prey on smaller host organisms.48.Which of the following can be concluded from the discussion in paragraph 3 about theAustralian rabbit population? [单选题] *[A]Human intervention may alter the host, the parasite. and the relationship between them.(正确答案)[B]The risks of introducing outside organisms into a biological community are not worth the benefits.[C]Humans should not interfere in host-parasite relationships.[D]Organisms that survive a parasitic attack do so in spite of the natural selection process.49.According to paragraph 3, all of the following characterize the way natural selectionstabilized the Australian rabbit population EXCEPT: [单选题] *[A]The most toxic viruses died with their hosts.[B]The surviving rabbits were increasingly immune to the virus.[C]The decline of the mosquito population caused the spread of the virus to decline.(正确答案)[D]Rabbits with specific genetic make-ups were favored.50.According to paragraph 5. which of the following is NOT true of the relationshipbetween the bull's horn acacia tree and the Pseudomyrmex ants? [单选题] *[A]Ants defend the host trees against the predatory actions of insects and animals.[B]The acacia trees are a valuable source of nutrition for the ants.[C]The ants enable the acacia tree to produce its own chemical defenses.(正确答案)[D]The ants protect the acacia from having to compete with surrounding vegetation.。
环境化学专业课考研测试题及答案(1)
环境化学专业课考研测试题及答案一填空题(每题2分，共30分)1 光子能量公式为_______，通常波长大于_______nm的光就不能引起光化学离解，此时对应的化学键能是_______KJ/mol。
2 光化学烟雾从产生到结束，其中主要污染物依次出现的顺序为_______，二次污染物有_______。
3 天然水的总含盐量(TDS)= _______。
4 组成水中酸度的三类物质为_______、_______、_______。
5 水环境中胶体颗粒的吸附作用可分为_______、_______、_______。
6 腐殖质分为_______、_______、_______三类。
7 天然水中的胶体物质分为_______、_______、_______、_______、_______几类。
8 水环境中污染物的光解过程可分为_______、_______、_______三类。
9 我国酸雨的关键性离子组分为____________________________。
10 大气颗粒物中粒径_______的称为细粒，其主要的化学组分为____________________________；粒径_______的称为粗粒，其主要的化学组分为____________________________。
11 絮凝过程的机理为________、________、________、________。
12 化学物质的联合作用包括________、________、________、________。
13 向某一含碳酸的水体加入重碳酸盐，总酸度_____、无机酸度_____、CO2酸度______、总碱度_____、酚酞碱度_____和苛性碱度_____。
14 含碳化合物的厌氧分解过程中，在______细菌的作用下，生成_________________中间产物，然后在______细菌的作用下，生成______。
15 盐基饱和度为100%的土壤，其潜性酸度为________。
历年各大学环境化学考研试题选
历年各⼤学环境化学考研试题选历年各⼤学环境化学考研试题选2008年武汉科技学院环境化学考研试题(A卷)⼀、名词解释（每⼩题5分，共40分）1 ．光化学烟雾2 ．温室效应3 、硫酸烟雾型污染4 ．盐基饱和度5 ．优先污染物6 ．农药7 ．⽣物浓缩因⼦8 ．腐殖质⼆、选择题（每⼩题3分，共30分）1、属于环境化学效应的是______a. 热岛效应b. 温室效应c. ⼟壤的盐碱化d. 噪声2 、五⼗年代⽇本出现的痛痛病是由______ 污染⽔体后引起的。
a. Cdb. Hgc. Pbd. As3 、五⼗年代⽇本出现的⽔俣病是由______ 污染⽔体后引起的。
a. Cdb. Hgc. Pbd. As4 、⼤⽓逆温现象主要出现在______ 。
a. 寒冷的夜间b. 多云的冬季c. 寒冷⽽晴朗的冬天d. 寒冷⽽晴朗的夜间5 、某⼀⽔体的BOD20 为100 ppm ，其BOD5 约为__________ 。
a. 40b. 50c. 35d. 706 、随⾼度升⾼⽓温的降低率称为⼤⽓垂直递减率（Γ），对于逆温⽓层的⼤⽓垂直递减率。
a. Γ > 0b. Γ = 0c. Γ < 07 、腐殖质胶体是⾮晶态的⽆定形物质，有巨⼤的⽐表⾯，其范围为________ 。
a. 350-900m2/gb. 650-800m2/gc. 100-200m2/gd. 15-30m2/g8 、在⼟壤中，下列离⼦的交换吸附能⼒最强。
a. Ca2+b. Na+c. Fe3+d. H+9 、表⾯活性剂含有很强的，容易使不溶于⽔的物质分散于⽔体，⽽长期随⽔流迁移。
a. 疏⽔基团b. 亲⽔基团c. 吸附作⽤d. 渗透作⽤10 、硫酸型烟雾污染多发⽣于季节。
a. 春季b. 夏季c. 秋季d. 冬季三、简答题（每⼩题10分，共30分）1、请叙述有机污染物在⽔环境中迁移、转化存在哪些重要过程。
2、植物对重⾦属产⽣耐性有哪⼏种机制。
3 、简述影响酸⾬形成的因素。
环境化学考研试题及答案
环境化学考研试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是环境化学的主要研究内容？A. 大气污染物的化学性质B. 水体污染的生物效应C. 土壤污染的物理过程D. 固体废物的化学处理答案：C2. 环境化学中，下列哪种物质不属于持久性有机污染物（POPs）？A. DDTB. 多氯联苯（PCBs）C. 二氧化硫D. 六六六答案：C3. 在环境化学中，生物放大是指什么？A. 化学物质在生物体内不断积累，浓度随食物链升高而增加B. 化学物质在生物体内不断分解，浓度随食物链升高而减少C. 化学物质在生物体内浓度保持不变D. 化学物质在生物体内转化为其他物质答案：A4. 下列哪项不是环境污染的来源？A. 工业排放B. 农业活动C. 家庭垃圾D. 自然现象答案：D5. 环境化学中的“三废”指的是什么？A. 废气、废水、废渣B. 废热、废水、废渣C. 废气、废热、废石D. 废石、废水、废热答案：A6. 哪种物质不是大气中的温室气体？A. 二氧化碳B. 甲烷C. 氧化亚氮D. 氧气答案：D7. 环境化学中，水体富营养化的主要原因是什么？A. 重金属污染B. 放射性污染C. 氮、磷等营养物质的过量输入D. pH值过高答案：C8. 下列哪种不是环境化学中常用的污染物处理方法？A. 物理吸附B. 化学沉淀C. 生物降解D. 热核反应答案：D9. 环境化学中，下列哪种物质不会引起光化学烟雾？A. 一氧化碳B. 一氧化氮C. 二氧化硫D. 挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）答案：C10. 环境化学中，下列哪种物质不是臭氧层破坏的催化剂？A. 氯氟烃（CFCs）B. 溴代烃C. 甲烷D. 氢氟碳化合物（HFCs）答案：C二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述环境化学中污染物的生物富集作用及其对生态系统的潜在影响。
答案：生物富集作用是指环境中的某些污染物（通常是难以降解的重金属或有机污染物）在生物体内不断积累，且不易排出，导致生物体内污染物浓度远高于环境中的浓度。
[精品]环境化学试题及标准答案.doc
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1.光化学烟雾是一个链反应，链引发反应主要是（）A丙烯氧化生成具有活性的自由基2. B H02和R02等促进了NO向N02转化C N02的光解D甲醛在光的照射下生成自由基3.属于我国酸雨中关键性离了组分的是（）A NOa、SO?-B SO：-、orC S042\ NH；D SO?、Na*4.在水体中颗粒物对重金属的吸附量随pH值升高而（）A增大B减少C不变D无法判断5.有一个垂直湖水，pE随湖的深度增加将（）A Cd B Hg C Pb D As 1大气中重要自由基是（)A HO H02B HO Rc R RO2 D R HO2C不变D无法判断6.降低pH值，水中沉积物重金属的释放量随之（）A升高B降低C无影响D无法判断7.具有温室效应的气体是（）A 甲烷、H20 C 。
3、00B 甲烷、SO2 D CO2、S028.伦敦烟雾事件成为,美国洛杉机烟雾成。
A光化学烟雾B酸性烟雾C硫酸性烟雾D碱性烟雾9.大气逆温现象主要出现在oA寒冷的夜间B多云的冬季C寒冷而晴朗的冬天D寒冷而晴朗的夜间10.五十年代日木出现的痛痛病是由污染水体后引起的。
11.在某个单位系的含量比其他体系高得多，则此时该单位体系几乎等于混合复杂体系的PE,称之为“决定电位”。
在一般天然水环境中，是“决定电位”物质。
A溶解CO2 B溶解氧C溶解S02 D溶解N0212.有机污染物一般通过、、、光解和生物富集和生物降解等过程在水体中进行迁移转化。
A吸附作用B配合作用C挥发作用D水解作用13.±壤的可交换性阳离了有两类，一类是致酸离了；另一类是盐基离了，下面离了中属于致酸离了是。
A H\ Ca2*B H\ Mg"C Na\ Al睥D H\ Al"光化学物种吸收光量了后可产生光化学反应的初级过程和次级过程。
下面氯化氢的光化学反应过程中属于次级过程的是-A HC1 + hv-f H + Cl ⑴B H + HCl -»H2 +Cl⑵c Cl + Cl -> M（3）15.气块在大气中的稳定度与大气垂直递减率（厂）和干绝热垂直递减率（几）两者有关。
年环境化学专业研究生考试测试题
环境化学专业研究生考试测试题一、填空题(每空0.5分,共30分)1环境化学是一门研究有害物质在环境介质中的________、________、________、________及其控制的化学原理和方法的科学。
2水中常见的吸附等温线有________、________、________。
3诱发沉积物中重金属的释放的主要因素有________、________、________、________。
4向某一含碳酸的水体加入重碳酸盐，总酸度_____、无机酸度_____、CO2酸度______、总碱度_____、酚酞碱度_____和苛性碱度_____。
5组成水中碱度的物质可以归纳为：________、________、________。
6依据软硬酸碱理论，可以确定天然水中主要的无机配体中硬碱有________，软碱有________。
7一般根据腐殖质在碱和酸溶液中的溶解度可以把其分成________、________、________三类。
8________的光解是大气中HO·自由基的主要来源之一，________的光解是大气中HO2·自由基的主要来源之一。
9影响酸雨形成的因素有________、________、________、________。
10能保持土壤缓冲性能的物质有________、________、________三类。
11环境中有机磷农药的降解过程分为________、________、________三类。
12确定生物富集过程中的BCF值的方法有________、________。
13生物转化中的受氢体包括________、________、________三类。
14光化学烟雾从产生到结束，其中主要污染物依次出现的顺序为，二次污染物有。
15含碳化合物的厌氧分解过程中，在______细菌的作用下，生成________中间产物，然后在______细菌的作用下，生成______。
02—07年环境工程微生物学考研试题.doc
2002年环境工程微生物学考研试题适用专业：环境工程一、名词（2*10）1、真菌2、原核生物3、氧垂曲线4、水体自净5、无机营养型6、化能细菌7、原生动物8、后生动物9、全酶10、硝化二、填空4*51、生态系统是由——和——两部分组成2、原生动物的营养类型有三种，即——、——和——3、兼性厌氧微生物具有——，也具有——酶4、微生物之间关系复杂，表现为——、——、——和——5、自净容量是指在水体正常生物循环中，能——的最大——三、判断下列各题是否正确，正确的在括号内划√，错的划×（4*5）1在正常生长条件下，细菌的形态是相对稳定的，如果改变生长条件，则会引起细菌形态的改变（）2 在环境工程微生物学中的细菌形态有球菌，杆菌，螺旋菌和丝状菌，所以细菌的基本形态也分为这四种（）3 细菌需要庆付各种不良环境，芽孢适应环境功能，因此各种细菌都有芽孢着生（）4 好氧呼吸作用原理，可以用于不同废污水的生物处理中（）5革兰氏染色法只能对一大类细菌染上色，而对另一类细菌染不上色，帮称鉴别染色法。
（）四、回答下列问题（5*3）1、微生物有哪些特点？2、酶的催化特性是什么？3、污化系统分为几带？五、污水厌氧处理过程有哪些微生物类群参与？其有机物是如何转化的（每问7。
5，共15分）六、用图说明废水好氧生物处理的基本过程，营养不足或耗尽时，细菌进行何种呼吸？（10）七、用图说明菌藻在生物氧化塘中的作用，藻类繁殖为什么会影响出水水质？（10）说明：六、七两题任选一题2003年环境工程微生物学考研试题适用专业：环境工程，市政工程一、名词（2*10）1原核微生物2、病毒3、真核微生物4、生物酶5、沟通自养微生物6、三羧酸循环7、细菌生长曲线8、基因9、生态系统10、P/H指数二、填空（4*5）1、絮凝剂有三类——、——和——2、微生物新技术包括——、——、——、——和——3、污化系统包括一系列的污化带，它们分别是——、——、——和——4、生物能量的转移中心—ATP是在发酵、好氧呼吸及无氧呼吸中生成的。