大学英语四级Unit5-B
新视野大学英语读写教程(第二版)第四册 Unit 5 Section B Roommate Conflicts
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Reading Skills
As supplier of most of the food we eat and of raw materials for many industrial processes, agriculture is clearly an important area of the economy. But the industrial performance of agriculture is even more important than this. For in nations where the productivity of farmers is low, most of the working population is needed to raise food and few people are available for production of investment goods or for other activities required for economic growth. Indeed, one of the factors related most closely to the per capital income (人均收入) of a nation is the fraction of its population engaged in farming. In the poorest
Roommate Conflicts
45
Reading Skills
Tips
1. What roommate conflicts may appear. 2. Negative influence of roommate conflicts. 3. Reasons for roommate conflicts. 4. How roommates solve their conflicts. 5. What schools do to solve the problem of
大学英语四级单选
Unit 5-81. With the help of the government, a large number of people after the flood in 1911.A. survivedB. suspendedC. sufferedD. subjected2. If you have any problems during your stuffy here, please do not to call me for help.A. hesitateB. pauseC. withdrawD. waffle3. After seeing the way Mr. Wyatt behaved at the party, I had little desire to make his .A. knowledgeB. acquaintanceC. acquaintD. friend4. They found themselves with foreign companies for a share of the market.A. coordinateB. subordinateC. cooperatingD. competing5. I’m not sure where you can find a babysitter--- I’ll .A. ask forB. ask aboutC. ask for helpD. ask around6. As you have seen, the value of a nation's currency is a ________ of its economy.A. reactionB. reflectionC. responseD. revelation7. During the process, great care has been taken to protect the ________ silk from damage.A. sensitiveB. tenderC. delicateD. sensible8. She was so ________ in her job that she didn' t hear anybody knocking at the door.A. attractedB. absorbedC. drawnD. concentrated9. Although the weather was very bad, the buses still ran on_________.A. listB. planC. arrangementD. schedule10. We haven't reserved a table, but we will take a chance _______ its not being full.A. atB. onC. aboutD. of11. The excursion will give you an even deeper __________ into our language and culture.A. inquiryB. investigationC. inputD. insight12. Once he realizes that it is his mistake, Jim never hesitates ________ it.A. to admit and correctB. to admit and correctingC. admitting and correctingD. admitting and to correct13. There were no women in the committee ______ 1976, but now women are in a majority.A. priorB. previous toC. before toD. ago14. Louis was asked to ________ the man who stole her purse.A. identifyB. recognizeC. claimD. confirm15. The explorer lost his way, so he climbed to the top of the hill to _________ himself.A. spotB. locateC. placeD. situate16. I can't ________ what that object is.A. make upB. make outC. make overD. make for17. A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is _________ conditions or events.A. in response toB. in favor ofC. in contrast toD. in excess of18. The branches could hardly ________ the weight of the fruit.A. retainB. sustainC. maintainD. remain19. He wasn't ________ on buying a car, but we talked him into it.A. delightedB. jealousC. sensitiveD. keen20. In no country ________ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A. other thanB. more thanC. better thanD. rather than21. They have ________ each other for a long time.A. corresponded onB. communicated withC. kept writingD. corresponded with22. It is ________ of you to get rid of the bad friends.A. sensibleB. senseC. sensitiveD. sensed23. Maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs _________ carefully in her hands.A. to be heldB. heldC. were heldD. holding24. __________ the report once again, and you' 11 probably find some- thing interesting.A. If you readB. Since you have readC. ReadD. Reading25. It's still early in the morning. There isn't ____in the office.A. anyoneB. everyoneC. nobodyD. any people26. ____is not known what they discussed in the meeting.A. ThatB. HeC. ThisD. It27. The sad news broke her ____and she has been gloomy ever since.A. feelingsB. emotionsC. mindD. heart28. He is ____much of a gentleman to fight.A. soB. asC. veryD. too29. Not until this term ____to realize how important this subject is to his future career as adiplomat.A. he beganB. did he beginC. he has begunD. that he has begun30. ____who would like to go on the trip should put their names on the list.A. ThoseB. TheseC. SomebodyD. The ones31. A bottle weights less after air is taken out, ____proves that air has weight.A. weB. itC. whichD. what32. How long ____?A. you suppose did it lastB. do you suppose it lastC. did you suppose it lastD. you suppose it last33. Smith had some trouble ____the man's accent.A. to understandB. understandingC. for understandingD. with understanding34. The next few days could be ____for the peace negotiation.A. maximumB. practicalC. criticalD. urgent35. The earth revolves a little more rapidly____ it is closer to the sun.A. whetherB. whereasC. althoughD. when36. The number of members in the club ____to two hundred.A. were limitedB. limitsC. was limitedD. limited37. On close examination, we found the signature not____.A. realisticB. accurateC. exactD. genuine38. As a highly ____young designer, she has a promising future in her field.A. originalB. occasionalC. optionalD. obedient39. Let me give you a ____of how the computer works.A. demonstrationB. differenceC. deductionD. distinction40. An author must not be too ____to criticism.A. sensibleB. sensitiveC. senselessD. insensible。
新标准大学英语综合教程4-unit5
Unit5Active reading (1)1 Work in pairs and decide who is gossiping.In fact, anybody could be saying these things. As sterotypes, the first is said by a male football fan, the secondis a women gossiping about the weather as part of small talk, the third is a young man / women gossiping toanother man about other people’s personal relationships.2 Check ( ) the statements about gossip which you think are true.1 Men gossip just as much as women.No, men seem to gossip less than women.√2 Men talk more about politics than women.Yes, this seems to be true.√3 Men talk more about football than women.Yes, surely this is the case.√4 Women talk more about themselves than men.No, I am not sure. Maybe men talk about themselves as much.√5 Men don’t admit they gossip.Yes, I think this is true.6 Women don’t admit they gossip.No, I don’t agree, I think they like gossiping and do admit it.Sex differences in English gossip rulesReading and understanding3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What does the research quoted in the passage show?(a) Men talk more about politics than about football.(b) Women don’t like speaking about politics and art.(c) Men gossip just as much as women.(d) Men and women gossip in exactly the same way.2 What do men do when women are present?(a) They tend to talk about themselves.(b) They change their tone of voice.(c) They speak more about politics and art than usual.(d) They let women do most of the speaking.3 What is the main difference between male and female gossip?(a) Women don’t realize they are gossiping.(b) Men only gossip outdoors.(c) Women speak more about themselves than men do.(d) Men speak more about themselves than women do.4 What is “the tone rule” in women’s gossip?(a) Use a special tone of voice to show that you are gossiping.(b) It is important to keep a flat unemotional tone.(c) Don’t change your tone of voice when you start gossiping.(d) Always start gossiping by using a low whisper.5 What is “the detail rule”?(a) You should avoid boring details when you gossip.(b) When gossiping about people it’s important to quote what they actuallysaid.(c) You should avoid talking about why people did something.(d) It doesn’t matter if your gossip is vague.6 What does “the feedback rule” say about listeners?(a) They should keep quiet while someone is gossiping.(b) They shouldn’t show surprise.(c) They should believe everything they hear.(d) They should show interest and enthusiasm.4 Number the different parts of the passage in the order in which they occur.1 Refer to recent research to dispel the myth about male gossip.2 Reveal that men change topic of conversation when women are present.3 Focus on the difference of content between male and female gossip.4 Suggest that the myth about male gossip is really a problem of terminology.5 Present a detailed, technical account of how women gossip.6 Conclude that the vital difference between male and female gossip lies in the positive response of the audience.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 in a way that is impossible to doubt and easy to see (decidedly)2 the reason that you do something (motive)3 main, or most important (principal)4 with qualities thought to be typical of men (masculine)5 to criticize something, or to suggest it is not good enough for you (sniff)6 lively or active (animated)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.When Simona Ventura became the host of the Italian TV soccer programme, a lot of people (1) sniffedat the decision. What could a woman do in such a (2) decidedlymale-dominated world? They argued.But the (3) motive behind the choice of Simona as the new presenter soon became apparent. Ratherthan change to fit the programme – there is nothing (4) masculine about her – she created a new, moremodern show, the (5) principal aim of which is to entertain the whole family. The old style, lengthy andrather technical analyses of football matches, has been replaced by a lively TV programme, which is(6) animated by guest celebrities, dancers and singers, as well as extracts from the day’s top matches.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 Cultural and intellectual programmes tend to be broadcast very late in the evening. (highbrow)2 At the beginning I was very shy, but I soon got to know everyone and made friends. (initially)3 The course I enjoyed most when I was studying linguistics was the one on the relationship betweenwords and meanings. (semantics)4 To find out more about English as a world language, we need reliable people who are able to giveinformation. (informants)5 She sent me a bunch of roses when I got the job, and I did the same when she got promoted.(reciprocated)6 For some men there is still a feeling of embarrassment and unease about taking orders from a femalesuperior. (stigma)7 After the goal was disallowed, most of the words I could hear were swear words. (expletives)8 You can’t speak like that to someone you don’t know. It’s a matter of rules of social behaviour. (etiquette)9 Only after a very careful and time-consuming editing will this book be ready for publication.(exhaustive)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Does scandalous behaviour (a) make you feel uncomfortable, or (b) leave you indifferent?2 If you bemoan something, do you (a) express pleasure, or (b) complain about it?3 If you rake over something, do you (a) want to forget it, or (b) keep talking about it?4 If you are appreciative of something someone has done for you, do you (a) thank them, or (b) criticizethem?5 If a man has an effeminate manner, does he make you think of (a) a child, or (b) a woman?6 Is camp behaviour (a) typical of, or (b) different from established norms about the traditional male wayof doing things?Reading and interpreting9 Check ( ) the writer’s main purposes in writing the passage.√1 to summarize findings from recent researchMost of the passage is taken up with research findings from both the writer and others. If you arenot sure about this, look at how many times words like study, research, findings, found, interviews,interviewed, informants etc are used and read the last two sentences of paragraph five and see howverbs in the past tense in the second part are all reporting research findings!2 to present the writer’s own research findingsThese are clearly included and they are most of the second part, but thisis the main purpose is notto present them – they illustrate how gossip works.3 to dispel a myth about males and gossipThe first part of the text does this, but the second part reports research only about women’s gossip,so No 1 is a better answer.4 to show that women are superior to menNo, the writer does not intend to show this and doesn’t do so.5 to encourage people to learn to gossip properlyNo, the passage is about rules, but these are not the kind that people are supposed to learn but thedescriptive rules that describe common behaviour. There is nothing about encouraging people tobehave like this.6 to draw attention to the different ways in which men and women gossip This is a reasonable answer but the passage is really reporting research (see No 1)7 to analyze the way in which women gossipThis is the point of the second part, but not the main idea of the whole passage.Active reading (2)Marked: women in the workplaceReading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the passage.1 The English language reflects and reinforces the sexist attitudes of society, whether we consider wordssuch as actress, which is a less serious equivalent of the word actor, or titles we give women, such asMrs, Miss and Ms.This only summarizes the first section, but the title should indicate that a summary would say more thanthis, including the points about hairstyle or clothes.2 Women find it much harder to get on in the workplace because they haveto spend too much timethinking about what clothes to wear, or what hairstyle they should have. This is only one point. It doesn’t summaraize the main idea and examples of language use.3 Women constantly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign theirnames, which lead people to make judgments about them; men do not have to make the same choices.Although this doesn’t emphasize language, it summarizes the main idea of choi ce (marked / unmarked).4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Which of the following words is marked?(a) Doctor. (b) Actor.(c) Actress. (d) Poet.2 What does a marked female ending to a word usually convey?(a) Physical attractiveness.(b) A lack of authority.(c) A lack of seriousness.(d) Greater professional competence.3 What did the writer notice at a conference?(a) All the women were dressed in the same way.(b) All the men were dressed in the same way.(c) One of the men wore a cowboy shirt and jeans.(d) None of the women wore sensible shoes.4 What did a woman with high heels do at the conference?(a) She was isolated by her female colleagues.(b) She was the first to complete a group task.(c) She broke one of the heels when she had to make a trek.(d) She took off her shoes and attracted a group of men.5 What did a male colleague tell a female lawyer to do before she went to court?(a) To put on a jacket over her blouse.(b) To do up a button on her blouse.(c) To undo a button on her blouse.(d) To wear something with darker colours.6 What is a woman often asked to do when filling in a form?(a) Choose from four titles.(b) Give both her married and unmarried name.(c) Give information about her married status.(d) Avoid using the title “Dr”.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 the place where you work (workplace)2 to mean something (denote)3 to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident, or successful(undermine)4 to think that something is true because it is likely, although you cannot be certain (presume)5 a regular and important part or feature of something (staple)6 involving or consisting of many people, things, or parts (multiple)7 expressing what you mean using clear and effective language (eloquent)8 used to describe a word that refers to one person or thing (singular)9 behaving in a very unfriendly or threatening way towards someone (hostile)10 to say or write words that someone else has said or written (quote)11 to give someone responsibility for an important job or activity (entrust)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1 Melanie got to her feet and made a eloquent defence of the rights of women in the workplace.2 There are a number of words in English, such as people, which although technically in the singularform, in actual fact denote a plural meaning.3 The dark suit is a staple of the businessman’s wardrobe, and I presume it will remain so for a long time.4 The hostile reception he got at the meeting is likely to undermine all the work that has been donerecently to improve relations between staff and management.5 Jason suffered multiple injuries in the accident, and we didn’t want to entrust an inexperienced surgeonwith the operation.6 I think that most world leaders in the next century will be women, but don’t quote me on that.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 Don’t forget to put on a bit of lipstick and mascara before you go out. (make-up)2 The candidate displayed a lack of seriousness which we felt was not appropriate to the position he wasapplying for. (frivolousness)3 I need to check my free dates in March before I can confirm whether I shall be able to attend theconference. (availability)4 He has an attractive smile which people find hard to resist. (alluring)5 This list of participants needs to be put into alphabetical order. (alphabetized)6 The first person officially suggested as general secretary had to withdraw due to ill health. (nominee)7 After the first remarks offering congratulations the atmosphere at the prize-giving ceremony turned sour.(congratulatory)8 The speaker made a comment which I found unfriendly and which meant the opposite of what he reallymeant. (sarcastic)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is a linguistic problem concerned with (a) words, or (b) figures?2 If you are disqualified from an event, do the organizers (a) allow you, or (b) refuse to allow you to takepart?3 Is rub likely to mean (a) a problem, or (b) a solution?4 If you have got myriad job offers, are you likely to be (a) concerned, or (b) optimistic about your future?5 If you let on about something to someone, do you (a) tell them about it, or (b) keep it a secret?6 If you duck something which has been thrown at you, does it (a) hit, or (b) miss you?7 If someone speaks to you in an uppity way, is their manner (a) superior, or (b) humble and polite?Reading and interpreting9 Answer the questions.1 From which field has the writer borrowed the term marked?The term marked is borrowed from linguistics.2 What are the differences between a “marked” and an “unmarked” word? An “unmarked” word is normal, common or neutral, while a “marked” one is noticeable or used in aparticular way or has a special meaning. Sometimes the unmarked one is positive and the unmarked onis negative.3 What is the difference between a “marked” and an “unmarked” appearance in the workplace?An “unmarked” appearance would be normal, neutral and common, so it isunlikely that anyone wouldcomment on it. A “marked” appearance would be different, particular andnoticeable because it wouldbe a contrast to all those with an unmarked appearance – people would belikely to comment on theperson with the marked appearance.4 Why is no make-up “marked” for women?Because many or most women wear some make-up. A woman wearing no make-up in a context where itis expected that make-up would be worn is noticeably different, so it is“marked”.5 How often do men wear “marked” clothes in the workplace?Not often or rarely.6 What is the connection between “marked” and “sexy”?Assuming that most women wear attractive and smart clothes, say in the workplace, this would beunmarked (among women), whereas if a woman wore sexy clothes (which for example were veryrevealing), this would be noticeable and “marked” (and inappropriate).In another context, the oppositemight be the case, say at a party where most women were dressed in a sexy manner, someone dressedsmartly and conservatively but not in a sexy manner would be “marked”.7 Why are women’s titles (Mrs, Miss and Ms) all marked?Because whichever choice a woman makes it tells people something more than their title: If they chooseMrs, they are married but perhaps conservative or traditional; if they choose Miss they are unmarriedbut perhaps also traditional; if they choose Ms, you don’t know whetherthey are married or not, but youdo know that they don’t want to give information about being married andthat they are more modern,liberated, rebellious or feminist. Men do not have to make any of these choices.8 In what sense are women’s surnames marked?In some English-speaking countries, say the US, married woman’s surname is marked becausetraditionally they take their husband’s surname as their married surname. So if a woman uses this name,it may signal that she is traditional or willing to adopt her husband’s identity. Some married women,especially in professions, continue to use their original surname from their own family, and then thisis “marked”– it may be a signal that they are modern, liberated, or wishto keep their own identity. Ofcourse, this is not a problem in Chinese and those other languages in which a married woman doesn’ttake her husband’s name.Language in usesay + something / nothing / a lot etc about1 Rewrite the sentences using say + something / nothing / a lot etc about .1 The boots she wears give a lot of information about her.The boots she wears say a lot about her.2 The way he talks about other people gives an indication of his personality.The way he talks about other people says something about his personality.3 The way she behaves doesn’t give any indication of her previous career. The way she behaves says nothing about her previous career.4 This statement is very revealing about the organization’s attitude to women.This statement says a lot about the organization’s attitude to women.5 This type of task gives some idea about the structure of the final examination.This type of task says something about the structure of the final examination.on + gerund2 Rewrite the sentences using on + gerund.1 When they checked the figures again, they realized there had been a mistake.On checking the figures again, they realized there had been a mistake.2 When she was asked, she said she would like to be known by her first name.On being asked, she said she would like to be known by her first name.3 When we investigated more completely, we made an important discovery. On investigating more completely, we made an important discovery.4 When they heard the news, most people reacted with offers to help. On hearing the news, most people reacted with offers to help.5 When people are accused of a crime they haven’t committed, most of them don’t know how to react.On being accused of a crime they haven’t committed, most people don’t know how to react.anything but3 Rewrite the sentences using anything but .1 The organizer of the conference was the opposite of helpful.The organizer of the conference was anything but helpful.2 The instructions you left were certainly not easy to follow.The instructions you left were anything but easy to follow.3 I felt extremely unsafe wearing those four-inch-high heels.I felt anything but safe wearing those four-inch-high heels.4 The weather last week was quite the opposite of warm and sunny.The weather last week was anything but warm and sunny.5 I think that attitudes towards women in the company where I work area long way from beingprogressive.I think that attitudes towards women in the company where I work areanything but progressive.other than4 Rewrite the sentences using other than .1 The only thing we do when the three of us meet is gossip.When the three of us meet we do nothing other than gossip.2 Men have no real alternative unless it is to wear a suit.Men have no real alternative other than to wear a suit.3 The only thing I wish to add is to say how much I have enjoyed the whole day.I have nothing to add other than to say how much I have enjoyed the whole day.4 They told her she didn’t have to do anything except sit quietly and look pretty.They told her she had nothing to do other than to sit quietly and look pretty.5 The only reason I have for being here is the free lunch.I have no reason to be here other than the free lunch. Collocations5 Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B.A Bbright coloursconservative tastescorrect tonepopular beliefheavy make-uphighbrow subjectface value6 Complete the sentences with the collocations in Activity 5.1 Both of us have rather conservative tastes, so we’re unlikely to buy modern furniture.2 I’m afraid these bonds are worth a lot less than their face value.3 It’s not easy to find the correct tone in which to speak to new customers.4 I like wearing bright colours; I think they reflect my outgoing personality.5 Yesterday’s lecture was on such a highbrow subject that I couldn’t get interested.6 Why do they put such heavy make-up on people in television studios?7 The popular belief that men don’t cry is nonsense.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.Women can’t even fill out a form without telling stories about themselves. Most application forms nowgive four choices for titles. Men have one to choose –“Mr.”– so their choice carries no meaning otherthan to say they are male. But women must choose among three, each of them marked. A woman whochecks the box for “Mrs.” or “Miss” communicates not only whether she has been married but also thatshe has conservative tastes in forms of address, and probably other conservative values as well. Checking“Ms.” declines to let on about marriage (whereas “Mr.” declines nothing since nothing was asked), butit also marks the woman who checks it on her form as either liberated or rebellious, depending on theattitudes and assumptions of the one making the judgment.I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by giving my title as “Dr.”– and thereby riskmarking myself as either uppity (hence sarcastic responses like “Excuse me!”) or an over-achiever (hencereactions of congratulatory surprise, like “Good for you!”). （☞翻译时注意原文的语气，否则就可能不准确。
全新版大学英语听说教程4unit5
Unit 5 Friendship
Pre-listening Task Language Focus
• • • •
Real friends are friends forever / for life. A friend is a person before whom I may think aloud. Life without friends is like life on a desert island. A person can have many friends but only one or two bosom friends. • Friendship involves affection and intimacy. • Friendship is based on warmth, trust and shared experience.
Unit 5 Friendship
Pre-listening Task Language Focus
2. What is true friendship? True friendship is rational and responsible. True friendship is when he has one bottle of water in the desert, he would like to share half bottle with you. To me, friendship is like the two oars of a boat, they both help to pull the boat forward to its destination. Sometimes they are not coordinating very well with each other in the process of providing the power for the boat. But they need each other and can adjust each movement to get along. Besides, a true friend can be someone who is totally different with you, but
新世纪大学英语综合教程4第四册unit5 Fame and Success(课堂PPT)
4
Fame is but a vapor, and the only thing that endures is one’s character or virtue • Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.
Success is, waking up in the morning, so excited about what you have to do,
that you literally fly out the door. It's getting to work with people you love. Success is connecting with the world and making people feel.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
2) to gain the admiration and love of many others;
3) to be the one everyone talks about;
4) to show family and friends you are more than they
thought you were.
新视野大学英语第四册 unit5B Culture makes the business world go round
Culture makes the business world go round文化推动商业世界的运转Edward Hall, a leader in the field of intercultural studies, famously said: "The single greatest barrier to business success is the one erected by culture." Can cultural differences have as big an impact on international business ventures as financial planning and visionary leadership? The surprising answer is: Yes!他曾说过一句名言：“商业成功的最大障碍是由文化竖立的障碍。
”对国际企业来说，文化差异难道真的和财务规划及前瞻性领导有着同样大的影响吗？答案是出人意料的：的确如此！A good example is the role of relationships in business dealings. While relationships play only a minor role in US business culture, they play a major role in Asian, African, and Middle Eastern countries. In these cultures, in varying degrees, relationship building is like a torch that lights and guides the way for business to occur.一个很好的例子，人际关系在生意往来中所起的作用。
新视野大学英语第四册unit5B...
新视野大学英语第四册unit5B...Culture makes the business world go round文化推动商业世界的运转Edward Hall, a leader in the field of intercultural studies, famously said: "The single greatest barrier to business success is the one erectedby culture." Can cultural differences have as big an impact on international business ventures as financial planning and visionary leadership? The surprising answer is: Yes!他曾说过一句名言：“商业成功的最大障碍是由文化竖立的障碍。
”对国际企业来说，文化差异难道真的和财务规划及前瞻性领导有着同样大的影响吗？答案是出人意料的：的确如此！A good example is the role of relationships in business dealings.While relationships play only a minor role in US business culture, theyplay a major role in Asian, African, and Middle Eastern countries. Inthese cultures, in varying degrees, relationship building is like a torchthat lights and guides the way for business to occur.一个很好的例子，人际关系在生意往来中所起的作用。
大学英语四级新标准视听说Unit 5文本
Unit5Inside viewConversation1Andy: I loved the question you asked Tim Pearson about financial crisis.Janet: Well, I shouldn’t have asked it. After all he is an expert!Andy: There you go again, you’re always putting yourself down. You don’t know how to take a compliment（称赞，恭维）.Janet: True. I never find it easy to accept praise. Do you think women have been conditioned to accept criticism（批评，指责）?Andy: Well, I think that’s gender stereotyping（对...产生成见，模式化）. Do you think that men are good at accepting compliments?Janet: Well, they seem to be able to deal with criticism much better.Andy:Don’t you believe it!Janet: Anyway, thank you, I accept your compliment.Andy: Not only that, but I think you’d make a really TV presenter.Janet: I’m not so sure. I haven’t seen many women in television here.Andy: Well, in the media in general, I can assure（确保，使确信）you that there are lots of women in presenting and management roles.Janet: Well, maybe, but I’m Chinese as well. I don’t think I’ll be accepted as a presenter on a British TV programme.Andy: Gender and racial stereotyping. I mean, it depends on what job and sometimes where you work in London, of course, but generally, Londoners are proud of their multi-ethnic community. Especially the Chinese, because cook great food!Janet: Now who’s doing the stereotyping! But seriously, look at all these smart women walking to work. Are they all secretaries or managers?Andy: OK, it’s a good point. I think that many women manage to get middle management jobs in most professions. But it’s true that a lot of them talk about the glass ceiling.Janet:What’s the glass ceiling?Andy: It’s the situation where a woman is successful in a company, but then she hits the glass ceiling- this invisible（不可见的，隐形的）barrier which stops her going any higher in her career.Conversation 2Janet: So what do you think causes the glass ceiling?Andy: It’s partly prejudice by men about women’s abilities in management. But it’s also when women take time off to have children; they don’t always recover the same power when they return to work.Janet: It not fair.Andy: You’re right, it’s not fair. I read here that only five to ten percent of the top companies in America and British are run by women.Janet: That’s extraordinary! In China there appears to be more women in top jobs, but I may be wrong.Andy:And look, here are some more statistics. About 60 percent of university graduations in Europe and North America are women. And something like 75 percent of the eight million new jobs in Europe have been filled by women.Janet: So the percentage of women in the total workforce is growing.Andy: You got it! But women in the UK are in a slight majority—there are more women than men.Janet: Do you think it’s especially bad in the UK, and in London especially?Andy: Not really. Some jobs which were traditionally done by women, like nursing, are now also done by men, and like engineering which are done by women. And there are plenty of women’s football teams!Janet: Women’s football! We have women’s football in China too.Andy: Mind you, their matches don’t get many spectators!Janet: I give up. What else has changed?Andy: I think fathers spend more quality time with their children today. But I bet you it’s still the women who spend most looking after the children and the home.Janet: I guess that’s true everywhere.Andy: Anyway, I am going home to watch the match on TV. The local women’s team, of course. Janet: It’s typical of you men! You always bring it back to football!Andy: And that’s typical of you women! You always bring it back to gender stereotyping.Outside ViewIn South Korea, women are participating more in the economic and political sectors than they were a decade ago. But career aspirations for female students in South Korea still tend to be based on the traditional division of gender roles. They are accustomed to thinking of such jobs as teaching and nursing, what their male counterparts aim to become scientists and judges. Many of these young women are aware that if they want to be independent they need to train so they can have their own source of income. In the previous generation, women did not have the right to speak, because they did not have their own financial support. Therefore, our generation of women must work to be financially independent. The growth in the number of women who work has caused the typical South Korean household to change. For example, there are more women living alone. This is because they can make their own money rather than depend on a man to support them. There has also been a rapid rise in the number of families in which both parents work. Married women increasingly want to participate in society but they need to balance family life and work. After marriage, we all struggle with how to take care of our children and work. The introduction of day care centers at some work places, such as the Chohung bank, has helped to make it possible for mothers to work. Whilst these women are at work, their children are in the day care center. There they are usually very well looked after, receiving a balanced diet, playing lots of games and doing plenty of exercise. Day care centers are increasingly popular all across the world because they enable parents to work. Women employees at Chohung Bank find it a big help, although the system is far from perfect. So far, my children have been well taken care of by our day care center. However, it will be difficult when my children go to elementary school because I often have to work late. Who will take care of them? Our family recently decided to livetogether with our grandparents who might be able to take care of my children. Mothers also face other problems when they go to work. Women have traditionally been responsible for raising their children and often feel a strong sense of guilt when they put their children into day care. Some worry that it will have a negative impact on their children and that they may fail as a parent. On top of this, South Korean women often end up being less well paid than men with the same education. Korean women’s status in the labor market has not been much improved in spite of a continuing rise in their presence in the labor force and the level of their education. The majority of working women are still crowded in low wage and low status jobs many of which are found in the secondary market. So there are still lots of issues facing women going to work--- they are still having to choose between their families and their careers. What can be done to ensure that women are rewarded for their valuable contribution to the working world?Sector 部门，行业，领域Aspiration 志向，抱负Whilst 在……时，虽然Counterpart 植物相当的人，职能相当的物Guilt 负罪感，内疚，自责Presence 存在，在场，出席Listening inPresenter: Has feminism(女权主义，男女平等主义）gone too far in the way men are shown in advertisements? Do you think there are too many ads now in which men are shown as stupid or weak?Speaker 1: Definitely, yes. I can think of three ads right now where men are shown as stupid. The one that annoys me most is the one where this guy is doing this DIY job and he’s no good at it. And his girlfriend is standing by waiting to do the job herself. Fine, if it w as one ad, but it’s not, it’s a whole attitude now to men. It’s not good for us, it’s not good for women either.Speaker 2: Um, well, yes, I do feel that feminism has gone too far. I mean, great, women have made a lot of progress in the last 40 years, but it shouldn’t mean we treat men as inferior(等级或地位) 低等的，次要的）, which is what we see in quite a few ads these days. So no, I don’t really like the way men are portrayed in advertisements.Speaker 3:Has feminism gone too far in advertisements? No way! Feminism has only just begun, there’s no real equality of pay in this country, and men still have all the top jobs. Women continue to be shown as objects in ads rather than as real people, and until that stops I really don’t think we can say that feminism has gone too far. I agree that in advertisements these days men aren’t always shown as super-masculine, but that’s good and much nearer the truth.Speaker4：Ads are about selling and I guess selling the idea that men are weak makes people laugh. And if people laugh at an ad they are more likely to remember it and therefore more likely to buy the product. But on the whole, I’d disagree; I think men are still shown driving expensive cars and working, you know-looking powerful. Then coming home to their wives who look after children.Speaker5: Well I find the way men are shown in ads annoying. There’s that one where this woman is angry with her partner for his choice of car insurance. The idea is that she’s smart andhe’s dumb（笨的，愚蠢）.Speaker6:I’ve never really thought about it, I think it’s just to make people laugh, isn’t, to show the guy as a bit of an idiot and the woman as the boss. It’s just a joke. I don’t really know much about feminism. I don’t think so, no.Passage 2:The differences between men and women interest everyone. What are these differences exactly? How great are they? To what extent are they due to biology and how much the result of upbringing?A lot of research has been done on the subject. Tests show, for example, that men tend to be more logical and analytical than women. Their spatial skills are better and they‘re better at problem-solving and mathematics. Girls, on the other hand, learn to speak earlier than boys and in general women have better verbal skills than men .They are more nurturing ,have more empathy and have better social skills.Research suggests that at least some of these differences are a result of our biochemistry and brain function. Brain scans show that men have bigger brains than women. Before men get too excited about this we should point out that both sexes do equally well in intelligence tests. So the fact that men have bigger brains does not mean they‘re more intelligent. But there are other important brain differences. Men have more grey matter in their brains and women have more white matter. Because of the different ways in which white matter and grey matter function, this could explain why men are better at spatial tasks and mathematics, and women are better at language skills.Now let’s take a look at the effect of hormones on the brain. Testosterone is the hormone that makes the body masculine .It‘s present in both men and women but obviously there‘s a lot more of it in men .It seems that testosterone has the effect of making men more interested in systems and less interested in people .This would explain why women have better social skills than men. All this is not to say that it‘s biological differences alone that make men and women different. Upbringing is very important too and parents treat boys and girls quite differently. For example, up to the age of two, mothers make more eye contact with daughters and talk to them more. Men are a lot more physical with their sons and play rougher and noisier games with them. Both men and women speak more loudly to boys than to girls and girls are stroked(轻抚) more than boys. We will probably never be able to decide exactly how important upbringing and biology are in creating male and female differences. But the journey of discovery is fascinating.。
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Unit 5: Warm up
Directions: You will hear a recording and you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.
“What does it mean to take control of my finances?” Taking control of your finances means just quite simply that you know what’s going on with your finances. You know how much you’re making. You know how much you’re spending. You know the ①_a_r_e_a_s_ that you’re spending money in, and you know how much you own — what your ② __a_ss_e_t_s are. You also know how much your credit card debt is, and how much you owe on your house or your auto. Taking control of your finances is just really becoming clear, “Okay, these are my finances. I know where I stand.”
Unit 5: Warm up
Directions: You will hear a recording and you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.
Look at the goals that you’ve created earlier, and come up with dollar amounts for those. Maybe that trip to Disney World: there was a dollar amount ⑨ ____________ that. That gives the ⑩ __________ to reduce some other expenses. So you’ve got the income that you can now put to that goal that you have every single month.
Unit 5: Warm up
Directions: You will hear a recording and you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.
“Should I prepare a ③ ________ budget?” Budgets are great if people can ④ ________ them. But that’s the problem. ⑤ ______________ , it’s called the B-word, because no one wants to talk about budgets. Instead, it’s called a spending plan. Spending plan sounds great because it’s all about spending. Honestly, I think the best approach is the analysis of the ⑥ ________ , looking at the income, looking at the expenses, ⑦ ____________ the expenses and then coming up with the goals. The last step is ⑧ ________ — and this is where budgets kind of fail.
21st Century College English –For Practical Purpose: Book 4
Unit 5: Part B
Unit 5: Small Change Is Real Money
Warm-up Text B Exercises Homework
Unit 5: Warm up
Directions: You will hear a recording and you are re with the exact words you have just heard.
“What does it mean to take control of my finances?” Taking control of your finances means just quite simply that you know what’s going on with your finances. You know how much you’re making. You know how much you’re spending. You know the ①______ that you’re spending money in, and you know how much you own — what your ② ______ are. You also know how much your credit card debt is, and how much you owe on your house or your auto. Taking control of your finances is just really becoming clear, “Okay, these are my finances. I know where I stand.”