概 要 写 作

概要写作●评分标准-第五档（21-25分）--理解准确,涵盖全部要点--能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇--有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑---完全使用自己的语言●评分标准的理解忠于原文：--概要不是读后感，不欢迎主观感受—信息全面：--要点信息的提取要完整，不遗漏转换语言：用自己的语言归纳表述要点，不能摘抄句。

结构严谨：要有清晰的写作框架，上下文应连贯流畅。

●写作策略----理解文章体裁与特点:说明文的四大基本模板A. 概括-具体模式概要陈述（概括/整体）----具体陈述（举例/细节论证）B. 问题-解决模式情景（呈现现象）--问题（提出问题）--反应（解决问题的方法）--评价/结果C. 主张-反应模式情景（呈现现象）--回答（对问题的答案）--反应（作者提出支持或反驳，给出相应的理由）D.提问-回答模式提问（用提问方式表达问题）--回答（对问题的答案）----要点呈现与提取:A.要点出现first/last sentence;B.通常段落=要点但注意also类词表观点的叠加，in fact，however类词表段落内对立观点的出现；C.特别关注keywords/sentence-----要点的表达归纳细节；整合观点句；缩句换词、结构；调整语言和总体结构，做到精简严谨；选例：2019年6月浙江卷Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they‘re building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is thatit‘s the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it.模板分析：这属于第三种模板的文章：主张-反应模式Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they‘re building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is thatit‘s the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it.提取要点第一段：Too much praise can backfire and when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to...第二段：Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.第三段：The quality of praise is more important than the quantity.第四段：Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child. Praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate to the amount of effort.归纳细节；整合观点句；缩句换词、换结构；第一段：too much: —→excessive adj. 过多的。