1-5-1 课后练案

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人教版五年级上册数学教案-第1单元第5课时 练习课

人教版五年级上册数学教案-第1单元第5课时  练习课

人教版五年级上册数学教案-第1单元第5课时练习课一、教学目标1. 知识与技能:(1)使学生进一步理解和掌握三位数乘两位数的计算法则,并能正确熟练地进行计算。

(2)使学生能够运用乘法解决一些简单的实际问题。

2. 过程与方法:(1)通过练习,提高学生的计算能力,培养数感。

(2)通过解决实际问题,培养学生的应用意识和解决实际问题的能力。

3. 情感态度与价值观:(1)培养学生认真、细心的学习态度。

(2)培养学生合作交流的意识,感受数学与生活的紧密联系。

二、教学重点与难点1. 教学重点:使学生进一步理解和掌握三位数乘两位数的计算法则,并能正确熟练地进行计算。

2. 教学难点:培养学生解决实际问题的能力。

三、教学过程1. 导入(5分钟)老师出示一些三位数乘两位数的题目,让学生进行计算,然后请几位同学上黑板演示计算过程,其他同学在座位上计算。

通过这个环节,让学生回顾上节课学习的三位数乘两位数的计算法则。

2. 基本练习(15分钟)老师出示一些三位数乘两位数的题目,让学生进行计算。

在计算过程中,老师巡视指导,及时发现问题并进行纠正。

通过这个环节,让学生进一步理解和掌握三位数乘两位数的计算法则。

3. 提高练习(10分钟)老师出示一些较难的三位数乘两位数的题目,让学生进行计算。

在计算过程中,鼓励学生相互讨论,共同解决问题。

通过这个环节,提高学生的计算能力,培养数感。

4. 解决实际问题(10分钟)老师出示一些与生活相关的实际问题,让学生运用乘法进行解决。

在解决过程中,引导学生分析问题,找出数量关系,列式计算。

通过这个环节,培养学生的应用意识和解决实际问题的能力。

5. 总结与反思(5分钟)老师引导学生回顾本节课的学习内容,总结三位数乘两位数的计算法则和解决实际问题的方法。

同时,让学生反思自己在计算过程中出现的问题,以及如何避免这些问题的发生。

四、作业布置1. 完成本节课的练习题。

2. 预习下节课的内容。

五、板书设计1. 三位数乘两位数的计算法则。

行政组织学课后思考练习1-5章

行政组织学课后思考练习1-5章

行政组织学课后思考与练习第一章一、单项选择1.以明文规定的形式确立下来,成员具有正式分工关系的组织是(正式组织);2.组织内若干成员由于相互接触、感情交流、情趣相近、利害一致,未经认为的设计而产生交互行为和意识,并由此自然形成一种人际关系,此种组织为(非正式组织);3.以镇压、暴力等控制手段作为控制和管理下属的主要方式,此种类型的组织为(强制性组织);4.以组织的参与者或成员为主要的受惠对象,组织的目的在于维护及促进组织成员所追求的利益,此种类型的组织为(互利性组织);5.行政组织是追求(公共利益的组织);二、多单项选择题(注:括号里面的内容即为选项内容)1、学者从不同的角度和方法去透视组织,给予不同的定义,目前学界对组织界定的取向,主要有以下几种:(静态的组织观,动态的组织观,生态的组织观,精神的组织观)。

2、管理学家W。

理查德。

斯格特在其《组织理论》一书中,认为组织的基本构成要素为(社会结构、参与者、目标、技术、环境)3、按组织内部是否有正式的分工关系,人们把组织分为(正式组织、非正式组织)。

4、美国学者艾桑尼以组织中人员对上级的服从程度、上级对下级权力的运用关系,将组织划分为(强制性组织、功利性组织、规范性组织)。

5、美国著名社会学家、交换学派的代表布劳及史考特,根据组织目标和受益者的关系,把组织分为(互利组织、服务组织、企业组织、公益组织)。

6、从系统理论的角度看,任何一种社会组织大体都发挥三种功能:(“聚合”功能、“转换”功能、“释放”功能)。

7、组织是一个纵横交错的权责体系,构成组织权责体系的三大要素为(职务、职权、职责)。

8、世界银行在其1997年的《世界发展报告》中指出,以下几项基础性的任务处于每个政府使命的核心地位,这些使命是(建立法律基础、保持非扭曲的政策环境、投资于基本的社会服务与基础设施)。

三、名词解释1、组织:组织是在特定的社会环境之中,由一定的要素构成,为达到一定目标而建立起来的,并随着内外环境的不断变化而自求适应和调整,具有特定文化特征的一个开放系统。

高级英语 第一课至第五课 课后练习

高级英语 第一课至第五课 课后练习

第一课至第五课Sprinkle swelter in other words lazy rather than reject act out idle worship reverence drive embody1.His paintings _______ the spirit of the modern era.2.How do you _______ your frustrations, by throwing glasses or something?3.The peddler ________ some water over his vegetables to make them fresher and heavier.4.In such hated air, the ______ students could hardly keep their minds on their lessons.5.That is ________ gossip. Don’t listen to it.6.She sent her application for the job, but was _______ as unqualified.7.The salesman considered it safe to go along with the boss ________ to contradict him.8.Everybody should have a sincere _________ for the laws of his country.Strike run out of cleanse disappoint insoluble unprecedent satisfy virtual contribute available symbolize vehement1.For many American, it is their lifelong dream to buy a _______ two-storied house with agarden.2.To make Beijing our worthy capital, we must get it _______ of polluted air, among otherthings.3.In a lot of cultures, red roses are used to ______ love.4.Unfortunately, their car _______ fuel, just ten miles short of Chicago.5.An _________ event in history took place in 1969, when two American astronauts landed forthe first time on the Moon.6.The detective finally gave up, declaring the mystery _______.7.Though high-sounding, his speech ______ everybody at the meeting as totally irrelevant towhat was discussed.8.If you travel by plane, Beijing and Guangzhou are _______ neighboring cities.Apologetic motion apprehension distrustful profusion admonish terrifying coax contemptible ensue desist overpower1.They heard of the traffic accident and immediately rushed to the hospital, full of ______ aboutthe safety of the passengers.2.The ______ explosion occurred early in the morning.3.As he entered the newly decorated building, an ______ smell of paint made him quite him.4.The old man yelled over and over again Stop thief, stop thief! But no body did anything. Theindifference of the onlookers was really ________.5.The police _______ for the crowd to move on to the next street.6.In Kunming, flowers grow in great ________ all the year round.7.The fans shouted and clapped so loudly that in the ____ confusion nobody could hear a thing.8.The boys were frightened, but the police managed to _______ them into telling him what theyhad seen that night.Dodge drown intrude legalize oath withhold precedent rumble taboo credible arguable usher1.She skillfully ______ the questions about her private life.2.It was very rude of him to________ on my privacy.3.The schools decided to _______ payment until they had completed the construction of thebuilding.4.Reform and Open-door policy has ______ in a new era of economic development.5.They started a campaign to ______ abortion.6.If you let the boy go without punishment, he will use it as a ______ for doing wrong again.7.After the exposure of his lies the Congressman is no longer a ______ politician.8.It is ______ that primary school students should pay any tuition.Rather than register think of aware of predominant instead of lie behind prejudice menial separate make the difference phenomenon1.Don’t overlook the job of a secretary. It ______ between failure and success for the company.2.The newly-launched satellite is expected to obtain data on solar radiation, sky brightness andother important _______.3.How can you be content to do such _______ tasks as washing dishes here in the States?4.A______ is a judgement formed before examination the evidence.5.We all listen to music according to our _____ capacities.6.Knowledge will always _______ over ignorance.7.When this corporation entered the Chinese market 8 years ago, it aimed to occupy a largermarket share______ to make profit in the short run.8.Of all the animals, the ape is _______ as the most forgiving animal.1.The whole nation watched the two candidates (arguing, debating) the issue of raising taxes on TV.2. It was a (proud, arrogant) moment for my cousin when she shook hands with the President.3. Even if you (mix, blend) oil and water, they will not (mix, blend).4. Some people watch television so much that they cannot (conceive, imagine) of living without it.5. As it was an informal dinner, most people (wore, were dressed) in their comfortable clothes.6. Do you think those young people are (idealistic, ideal) or pragmatic?7. Filled with great (adulation, admiration) for their integrity and courage, he was determined to be like them.8. Deep at night, they could still hear gun-fire (rambling, rumbling) in the distance.1.The professor looked over our papers with a hasty (sight, glance).2.Before ordering their dinner, they considered the (relevant, relative) merits of chicken androast beef.3.The little boys constant noise (exhilarated, exasperated) his father, who was busy writing apaper for a symposium.4.Isnt it ( wholesome, noisome) to live in a city with so many vehicles passing day and night?5.He was born in a small town (lives, inhabited) by about 500 people.6.Her desk was all (jumped, cluttered) with old papers, strings, and other odds and ends7.He thinks they are extremely (idealistic, ideal), for all their pragmatism.8.She made one last (attraction, appeal) to her father for permission to go to the party.1. The girl looked at the doctor (terrifyingly, terrified).2. If you finish all the homework tonight, we will go for a picnic tomorrow, he (admonished, coaxed)3. He thought their behavior was (contemptuous, contemptible), but he did not say anything in front of the host.4. Summoned by the boss, he approached his office full of (apprehension, distrust).5. He was sincerely sorry for what happened at the party, so people accepted his (excuse, apology).6. They were walking in the forest when they heard a (terrifying, terrific) roar which made their blood freeze.7. Obviously they were getting nowhere with the meeting, so he decided to (desist, resist) from making a final decision that afternoon.8. How can you say that you do not want to see your grandmother? The father (admonished, coaxed)1.The warrior managed to (evade,dodge)the arrow that came flying through the air.2.The speakers last few words were (drowned out, stopped) by the audinces thunderousapplause.3.Would I be (intruding, invading) if I joined in your discussion?4.The (omission, exclusion) of a full stop at the end of the sentence is a deliberate act by thewriter.5.The newly-recruited soldiers swore an (oath, promise) of loyalty to their country.6.The suspect was accused of (preventing, withholding) some important evidence from thecourt.7.Whether or not he is the best person for the promotion is (debatable, arguable).8.He has established himself as a (credible, believable) businessman.1.His story of having discovered the treasure buried by some pirates seemed (incredible,incredulous) to everyone.2.But the piano is out of (tone, tune), she said in a disappointed (tone, tune).3.Her friends expressed great (sympathy, empathy) to her when her mother died.4.They are now enjoying a short (vocation, vacation) at the seashore.5. A (content, contented) person is one who is happy with what he has.6.All the streets will be (eliminated, illuminated) tomorrow evening for the celebration.7.Her (perseverance, persistence) in wearing that old-fashioned that surprised her husband.8.The effect of the officers speech was such that the army recovered its (moral, morale) at once.。

人教版一年数学上册第三单元《1-5的认识:练习课》教案

人教版一年数学上册第三单元《1-5的认识:练习课》教案

人教版一年级数学上册第三单元《1-5的认识:练习课》教案一、教学目标1.能正确快速地读出1-5的数字。

2.能准确地排序1-5的数字。

3.能够简单地完成1-5的加法运算。

4.能正确地运用1-5的数字进行简单问题的解答。

二、教学重点1.1-5的数字的认识和排序。

2.1-5的加法运算。

三、教学难点1.在问题解答中灵活应用1-5的数字。

四、教学准备1.教学课件。

2.1-5的数字卡片。

3.班级练习册。

五、教学过程1. Warm-up(热身,时间:5分钟)•利用数字卡片让学生快速读出1-5的数字,逐渐提高速度。

2. Presentation(呈现,时间:10分钟)•通过课件展示1-5的数字,让学生熟悉数字的形状。

•让学生依次排好1-5的数字顺序,巩固数字的认识。

3. Practice(练习,时间:15分钟)•开展1-5的加法运算练习,让学生在课堂上尝试简单的加法算术题。

4. Application(应用,时间:10分钟)•设计一些简单的问题让学生灵活运用1-5的数字进行解答,培养学生的逻辑思维能力。

5. Consolidation(巩固,时间:5分钟)•让学生自行完成课后练习册中与本节课内容相关的练习,巩固学习成果。

六、教学反思本节课主要围绕1-5的数字的认识和运用展开,通过多种形式的练习和应用让学生掌握1-5的基本概念。

在今后的教学中需要继续加强学生对数字认识的训练,提高他们在数字运算和问题解答方面的能力。

以上是本节课的教学大纲,希望对您的备课有所帮助。

电气安装与维修 参考答案

电气安装与维修  参考答案

A1-1课后巩固练习答案1.照明控制箱定位和方位正确,误差不得大 B mm。

A.2 B.5 C.10 D.202.电源配电箱固定螺丝不少于 C 颗。

A.1B.2C.3D.43.20mm×10mm、39mm×19mm线槽固定点最大间距应小于 B m。

A.0.2B.0.5C.1D.24.60mm×40mm线槽固定点最大间距应小于 C m。

A.0.2B.0.5C.1D.25.线槽的固定,20-40槽用 D 螺丝固定,60槽用螺丝固定。

A.双排单排 B. 双排双排 C.单排单排 D.单排双排6.塑料线槽的选择原则?答:选择塑料线槽时,如果施工图纸有明确表示,则按施工图纸要求选择即可,否则需按照线槽容纳导线的根数和横截面积来确定线槽的规格和型号。

A1-2课后巩固练习答案1.60mm×40mm线槽位置尺寸与标示尺寸误差 A mm。

A.±5 B.±10 C.±15 D.±202.60mm×40mm与60mm×40mm线槽连接接口处缝隙小于 A mm。

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 43.60mm×40mm线槽与照明配电箱边的接缝应小于 _C_mm。

A.0.2B. 0.5C. 1D. 24.40mm×20mm与40mm×20mm线槽连接接口处缝隙小于 A mm。

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 45.40mm×20mm与60mm×40mm线槽接缝小于__C__mm。

A.0.2B. 0.5C. 1D. 2A1-3课后巩固练习答案1.20mm×10mm、39mm×19mm线槽固定点最大间距应小于 B m。

A.0.2B.0.5C.1D.22.传感器模块模块使用___D__颗螺丝固定。

A.1B.2C.3D.43.60mm×40mm线槽均采用双排螺丝固定或单排螺丝交替固定,且每段线槽固定螺丝不少于__D__颗.A.1B.2C.3D.44.线槽两端都有固定螺丝,且固定螺丝离槽端的距离__D__mm。

语文版小学五年级上学期语文期末综合复习课后练习单〔有答案〕

语文版小学五年级上学期语文期末综合复习课后练习单〔有答案〕

语文版小学五年级上学期语文期末综合复习课后练习单〔有答案〕班级:_____________ 姓名:_____________正确读音选一选1. 用“√”给下面的划线字选择正确的读音。

篝火(gōu gòu)燕园(yàn yān)点缀(zuì zhuì)无垠(yín xiàn)万顷(qīng qǐng)旖旎(yī yǐ)澄澈(dèng chéng)耄耋(dié zhì)渺小(miǎo miào)2. 用“\”画去括号中不正确的读音。

首都.(dōu dū)飘拂.(fúfó)差.不多(chāchà)直奔.(bēn bèn)电钮.(liǔniǔ)乘.车(chén chéng)3. 在正确的读音下面画“√”。

依偎.(wēi wèi)抖擞.(sǒu shù)待.着(dài dāi)强.迫(qiáng qiǎng)打搅.(jiǎo rǎo)便.宜(pián biàn)履.行(lǚlǔ)削.弱(xuēxiāo)4. 用“ ”画出加点字的正确读音。

威吓.(xià hè)提供.(gōng gòng)哗.笑(huà huá)晃.眼睛(huǎng huàng)踉.跄(niàng liàng)薄.弱(bó báo)湖泊.(pō bó)下绊.子(pàn bàn)5. 用“√”给加点的字选择正确的读音。

岂.止(qí qǐ)试卷.(juǎn juàn)便.宜(biàn pián)丞相.(xiànɡ xiānɡ)煞.气(shà shā)花蕾.(lěi léi)机械.(jiè xiè)水浒传.(zhuàn chuán)形近字词6. 辨字组词。

八上英语课课练答案八上英语课课练答案人教版

八上英语课课练答案八上英语课课练答案人教版

八上英语课课练答案八上英语课课练答案人教版20XX年-20XX年新版新目标英语八年级上Unit2课课练及答案(4份)Unit 2 Whats the matter?Practice 1作业导航Ⅰ.看图填空1.A:Whats the matter?B:I have a head__________and tooth__________. (共4份试题)2.A:Whats the __________?B:I have a st___m___ch.3.A:__________?B:I have a sore throat.4.A:Whats the matter?B:I __________ a cold.Ⅱ.情景对话(Doctor:D Patient:P)D: 1 the mater?P:I have a cold,cough!Cough!I have a terrible c 2 ,ouch!Head 3 ,Oh,my god,help me!D: 4 it easy.Let me exam.Open your mouth,ok,good,take your fever,please.Oh,38.9℃.You have a f 5 .You have a bad cold. P:Is it terrible?D:Maybe.You should 6 some medicine and go to bed for a good rest.I hope you feel 7 soon.P:Its very kind of you,doctor.Thanks a lot.D:My pleasure.Ⅲ.改错1.How long do you usually watch TV?A B C D 2.How often do you ill?Often.A B C D 3.Lucy was never away to school last term.A B C D 4.I usually does seven hours of sports every week.A B C D 5.There are a lot of fruit and vegetables in the basket.A B C DⅣ.按要求转换句型1.She often does housework at home.(改为一般疑问句) __________she often __________housework at home? 2.I bought some fruit this morning.(改为否定句)I__________ __________ __________ fruit this morning. 3.She never gets to school very early.(对划线部分提问)__________ __________ does she get to school very early. 4.I was away from school for about a week.(对划线部分提问)__________ __________ __________ you away from school?5.I think a chicken can swim.(改为否定句)I __________ __________ a chicken __________ swim.6.Miss Wang likes her students.(改为一般疑问句)__________ Miss Wang __________ her students?7.He cant hear anything.(改为同义句) He __________hear __________. 8.The dog likes to follow people.(对划线部分提问) __________ does the dog like __________ __________?参考答案Ⅰ.1.headache;toothache 2.matter;stomach3.Whats the matter?4.haveⅡ.1.Whats 2.cough 3.headache 4.Take 5.fever 6.take 7.betterⅢ.1.B long→often 2.C do→are 3.D to→from 4.A does→do 5.A are→isⅣ.1.Does;do 2.didnt buy any 3.How often 4.How long were5.dont think;can6.Does;like7.can;nothing8.What;to doUnit 2 Whats the matter?Practice 2作业导航Ⅰ.看图对话D:Whats the matter?A:Im not feeling well.I have a h __________and t__________.D:When did it start?A:About__________ago.D:Oh,that is too bad.You should __________.A:Yes,I think so.D:I hope you feel better soon.Next one ,whats the matter?Do you have a sore throat?B:__________.D:When did it start?B:__________.D:Oh,take it easy.You should take some medicine at first and have more water every day.You will be better soon.B:Thank you,doctor.D:__________.Ⅱ.自我提升Every morning in our class,Mr.Smith calls the roll.He calls the names of all the students,one after another,in alphabetical order(按字母表顺序).For example,he sa ys:“John White.”“Present.”“Helen Williams.”“Here.” “Henry Williams.” “Henrys absent today.”“Oh,yes.Henrys your pother.Wheres Henry today?”“Hes at home.Sir.”“He is sick.I suppose.”“Yes,sir.He has a bad cold.”“I hope he feels better tomorrow.”“Thank you,sir.”“Page 19,sir.”“Thank you.First lets read a few lines aloud for pronunciation (听写).And later,we can have some dictation (听写).John,you go to the black-board and write on the blackboard while the others write at their desks.You all like dictation,dont you?”“No.I like reading stories and translating (翻译)them,” John says.“Butdictation is important.It teaches you the correct spelling(拼写)of words and it also helps with pronunciation.”“Last time,I made twenty-five mistakes in spelling,” says John.“But how many words did I dictate?”“Twenty-six.”1.What does Mr.Smith do every morning in the English class?.2.How does he call the names of the class?.3.How do the students answer when Mr.Smith calls their names?.4.If a student is ill,does he usually go to school or stay at home?.Compression questions: 1.Do you say yes or no when Mr.Smith says that dictation is very important? . 2.Does your English teacher often or seldom give you dictation?.3.Do you find English spelling easy or difficult?.4.Do you make many or few mistakes in spelling your English?.Ⅲ.开心一刻Five Dollars a Visit(拜访一次5块钱)Miss White:(to Paul whose father is a doctor)Paul,if your work doesnt improve(改进),I think it will be necessary for me to call on your father.Paul:(politely)That will be fine,Miss White.His office hours are three to five,and his fee is five dollars a visit.参考答案Ⅰ.A:headache;toothache;A:two days;D:take some medicine; B:Yes.B:About two days ago.D:You are welcome.Ⅱ.1.He calls the roll every morning.2.He calls the names of all the students,one after another,in alphabetical order.3.They answer “present”or “Here”.4.He usually stays at home.Comprehsion question(略)Unit 2 Whats the matter?Ⅰ.你了解你身体的各个部位吗?请你写出他们的英语名称。

五年级上册数学教案-练习一-北师大版

五年级上册数学教案-练习一-北师大版

五年级上册数学教案练习一北师大版教案:五年级上册数学练习一教学内容:1. 小数除以整数;2. 整数除以小数;3. 小数乘法;4. 分数的乘法;5. 分数的减法;6. 几何图形的面积。

教学目标:1. 使学生掌握小数除以整数、整数除以小数的运算方法;2. 使学生掌握小数乘法、分数乘法的运算方法;3. 使学生掌握分数的减法运算方法;4. 使学生掌握几何图形的面积计算方法。

教学难点与重点:1. 小数除以整数、整数除以小数的运算方法;2. 小数乘法、分数乘法的运算方法;3. 分数的减法运算方法;4. 几何图形的面积计算方法。

教具与学具准备:1. 教学PPT;2. 练习本;3. 计算器。

教学过程:一、实践情景引入(5分钟)1. 讲述一个关于购物的情景,引导学生思考如何计算总价。

二、例题讲解(15分钟)1. 小数除以整数:举例讲解,如2.5÷4;2. 整数除以小数:举例讲解,如12÷1.5;3. 小数乘法:举例讲解,如2.5×4.8;4. 分数乘法:举例讲解,如2/3×4/5;5. 分数的减法:举例讲解,如3/41/4;6. 几何图形的面积:举例讲解,如正方形的面积计算。

三、随堂练习(15分钟)1. 完成PPT上的练习题;2. 学生互相批改,教师讲解答案。

四、作业布置(5分钟)1. 请学生完成练习本上的相关题目;板书设计:1. 小数除以整数:2.5÷4;2. 整数除以小数:12÷1.5;3. 小数乘法:2.5×4.8;4. 分数乘法:2/3×4/5;5. 分数的减法:3/41/4;6. 几何图形的面积:正方形面积计算。

课后反思及拓展延伸:1. 学生对本节课的内容掌握情况;2. 学生在随堂练习和作业中的表现;3. 对于学习有困难的学生,可以进行个别辅导;4. 鼓励学生参加数学竞赛或拓展活动,提高数学素养。

作业设计:1. 练习本上的相关题目;答案:1. 练习本上的题目答案;重点和难点解析:一、实践情景引入二、例题讲解例题讲解环节是让学生掌握新知识的关键步骤。

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第一部分知识落实篇
专题五生命活动的调节
第一讲植物的激素调节
1.(2010·广东深圳一模)关于植物激素生理作用的叙述,正确的是() A.植物激素都直接参与细胞内的各类生命活动
B.赤霉素能使大麦种子在不发芽时产生α­淀粉酶
C.脱落酸能促进细胞分裂与果实的衰老及脱落
D.合成乙烯的部位是果实,乙烯利能加快番茄的成熟
解析:所有的激素都不直接参与细胞代谢,而是对细胞代谢起一个调控作用;酿制啤酒时,赤霉素能使大麦种子在不发芽时产生α-淀粉酶,从而简化工艺、降低啤酒的成本;
脱落酸能促进果实的衰老及脱落,促进细胞分裂的植物激素是细胞分裂素;植物体的各个部位都能合成乙烯,但成熟果实中分布最多。

答案:B
2.(2010·安徽合肥一模)为了探究光照和重力对横放状态下植物生长的影响,某同学对刚萌发的盆栽燕麦分别进行下列处理:一段时间后,①、③、④均明显弯向上生长;②弯曲生长不明显。

根据上面实验,下列分析正确的是()
盆栽植物横放实验示意图
A.①和④能够说明燕麦在横放状态下,单侧光作用是引起弯曲生长的主要因素
B.①和④能够说明燕麦在横放状态下,重力作用是引起弯曲生长的主要因素
C.①和②能够说明燕麦在横放状态下,单侧光作用是引起弯曲生长的主要因素
D.③和④能够说明燕麦在横放状态下,重力作用是引起弯曲生长的主要因素
解析:燕麦横放,重力引起生长素向地侧多于背地侧,单侧光照引起生长素背光侧多于向光侧,①上方照光以及重力影响都使向地侧生长素多促进生长得快,弯向上生长;②弯曲生长不明显,说明重力与单侧光的共同作用使向地侧和背地侧生长素分布量差别不大;③只受重力影响;④中光照不影响生长素的横向运输,受重力影响弯向上生长,结合选项判断D对。

答案:D
3.(创新预测)下列生理现象中,不需要从其他部位获得生长素的是() A.大叶木兰顶芽的生长
B.燕麦胚芽鞘尖端以下部位的弯曲生长
C.西瓜子房的发育
D.水杉侧芽萌发的抑制
解析:燕麦胚芽鞘尖端产生生长素,向下部运输,使尖端下部弯曲生长。

植物顶芽产生生长素,向侧芽部位运输,使侧芽因生长素浓度过高而受到抑制。

子房发育需要种子产生的生长素刺激。

答案:A
4.(2010·山东淄博一模)图甲表示燕麦胚芽鞘在单侧光照下的生长情况,图乙表示胚芽鞘对不同浓度生长素的不同反应,则丙中表示a、b两点生长素浓度变化的曲线应分别是()
A.①和②B.①和③
C.②和④D.③和④
解析:生长素的作用具有两重性,单侧光照下,甲图中胚芽鞘尖端产生的生长素向背光侧a侧运输,使a侧生长素浓度升高,b侧生长素浓度降低,促进生长作用减弱,但a、b处生长素浓度均应低于最适浓度10-10 mol·L-1,故丙图中a、b两点生长素浓度变化的曲线应分别是②和④。

答案:C
5.(2010·安徽合肥二模)一位同学在探究NaHS溶液对柳条不定根发生及其生长的影响时,根据实验数据,得到以下图。

据图分析正确的是()
A.0.1~1 mmol/L的NaHS溶液对柳条生根均有促进作用
B.0.6 mmol/L的NaHS溶液抑制柳条生根而促进其根的生长
C.NaHS溶液促进柳条不定根生长的最适浓度一定是0.2 mmol/L
D.一定浓度范围内的NaHS溶液对柳条生根和根的生长有促进作用
解析:左图中,当横坐标为0时,纵坐标为4,当横坐标为1时,纵坐标为3,说明1 mmol/L 的NaHS溶液对柳条生根起抑制作用;当横坐标为0.6时,两图的纵坐标都高于没有使用NaHS溶液的情况,说明0.6 mmol/L的NaHS溶液既能促进柳条生根又能促进其根的生长;从右图中只能判断在0.2 mmol/L时,NaHS溶液促进柳条不定根生长的效应较强,而不能确定是最适浓度。

答案:D
6.用适宜浓度的生长素溶液处理未受粉的番茄花蕾,子房发育成无子番茄;用四倍体西瓜与二倍体西瓜杂交,获得三倍体西瓜,给三倍体西瓜植株的雌蕊授以二倍体西瓜花粉,子房发育成无子西瓜。

若用此无子番茄和无子西瓜的果肉细胞分别进行组织培养,从理论上分析,都授以二倍体的花粉,所得植株的果实依次为() A.无种子、有种子B.有种子、有种子
C.有种子、无种子D.无种子、无种子
解析:本题测试的知识点是生长素在农业生产实践中的应用,涉及的知识点有无子番茄与无子西瓜的获得原理、遗传与变异、组织培养等知识,该题综合性较强,将一些相近、相似的生物学知识进行对比考查,同时考查考生对这些知识的理解能力、分析能力以及学科内综合能力。

无子番茄与无子西瓜的相关知识很难准确把握,易混淆,且出错率较高,在高考试卷中经常出现,应引起重视。

生长素具有促进果实发育的作用,无子番茄的获得是因为阻断其正常受粉,人为涂抹外源生长素,从而促进子房壁正常发育成果皮,
但是因为未受粉,所以无种子,该过程不会引起果肉细胞内染色体数目的任何变化,即果肉细胞中染色体数目与正常体细胞中染色体数目一样,仍为二倍体,所以经组织培养获得的植株如果正常受粉,得到的果实是有种子的;而无子西瓜是根据染色体变异的原理获得的,果肉细胞中有三个染色体组,所以经组织培养得到的植株仍然是三倍体,如果仍授以二倍体成熟的花粉,得到的果实仍是无子的。

答案:C
7.(2010·福建宁德3月质检)将甲、乙、丙三株大小相近的同种植物,分别进行不同处理。

实验结果如图所示。

据图判断下列说法正确的是 ( )
A .顶芽摘除后,侧芽生长停滞
B .甲侧芽生长快与生长素促进作用有关
C .细胞分裂素与侧芽的生长无关
D .甲为对照组,乙、丙为实验组
解析:由图知,丙为对照组,甲和乙为实验组,甲顶芽摘除后,侧芽生长加快,侧芽生长快与生长素促进作用有关;乙侧芽经细胞分裂素处理后,长度增大,细胞分裂素与侧芽的生长有关。

答案:B
8.生长素对植物生长的作用具有两重性,既可以促进生长,也可以抑制生长。

如图所示,
若横坐标表示生长素的生理作用,纵坐标表示生长素浓度,
则下列说法正确的是( )
A .甲:①促进;②抑制
B .甲:①抑制;②促进
C .乙:③促进;④抑制
D .乙:③抑制;④促进
解析:利用假设法来判定,甲图中,若①促进、②抑制,则顺时针转90°来看,不存在最适浓度;若①抑制、②促进,则低浓度抑制生长,而高浓度促进生长,都不符合生长素的作用特点。

乙图中,若③促进、④抑制,则顺时针转90°
来看,不存在最适浓度,
也不符合生长素的作用特点;若③抑制、④促进,在一定浓度范围内,随着生长素浓度增大,促进作用增强,超过一定浓度时,随着生长素浓度增大,促进作用减弱,而浓度太高时,则起抑制作用,符合生长素的作用特点。

答案:D
9.下表为用不同浓度的2,4-D(生长素类似物)溶液处理茄子的花蕾以后植株的结果情况。

下列叙述错误的是()
A.该实验结果表明2,4-D能促进果实的发育
B.该实验结果表明高浓度和低浓度的2,4-D抑制果实的发育
C.不同浓度的2,4-D对同种植物的结果情况影响不同
D.该实验的对照组花蕾是经受粉的,而实验组花蕾是未经受粉的
解析:在表格中,将实验组2,4-D在一定浓度时的各项数据与对照组比较,从数据上看630~1 000 ppm浓度范围的2,4-D处理后平均结果率、平均株产量、平均单果重都比对照组高,说明该浓度范围的2,4-D处理都是促进作用,在630 ppm、720 ppm、850 ppm 和1 000 ppm中,850 ppm时促进作用最强,而不存在抑制果实发育的现象。

答案:B
10.(2010·东北三校一模)生产实践中总结出“根深叶茂”和“育秧先
育根”的宝贵经验,即必须根生长的好,地上部分才能很好地生
长。

请回答:
(1)根是植株细胞分裂素合成的中心,细胞分裂素合成后向上运输,能够抑制侧根向周
围生长,促进主根向更深的土层生长;蔬菜育苗移栽时,切除主根,可促进侧根生长。

以上现象说明根具有________现象。

(2)在用IAA处理插条生根时,如果IAA的浓度较低,适合采用________法处理插条,此时的室内环境最好遮荫且________,以保持IAA溶液的较低浓度。

(3)IAA除具有促进生根的功能,还具有防止脱落的功能。

有些研究结果如图所示。

据图可知,IAA对脱落的效应与________________有关。

(4)脱落的生物化学过程主要是水解离层的细胞壁和中胶层,使细胞分离。

与脱落有关的酶类较多,其中________________是较为关键的。

解析:(1)与茎的顶端优势相似,主根的生长会抑制侧根的生长,因此根也具有顶端优势现象。

(2)IAA的浓度较低时,适合采用浸泡法处理插条,此时的室内环境最好遮荫且空气湿度较高,以保持IAA溶液的较低浓度。

(3)据图可知,纵坐标脱落的效应与横坐标IAA的浓度和不同曲线(IAA的施用部位)有关。

(4)由于细胞壁的主要成分为纤维素和果胶,因此根据题中信息“脱落的生物化学过程主要是水解离层的细胞壁和中胶层,使细胞分离”可知其中纤维素酶和果胶酶是较为关键的。

答案:(1)顶端优势(2)浸泡空气湿度较高(3)IAA的施用部位和IAA的浓度(4)纤维素酶和果胶酶。

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