Getting your lawn sprinkler ready for winter
流力第二章作业
2.3 If a certain liquid weighs 8600N/m³, what are the values of its density, specific volume, and specific gravity relative to water at 15℃? Use Appendix A.2.22 A hydraulic lift of the type commonly used for greasing automobiles consists of a 280.00-mm-diameter ram that slides in a 280.18-mm-diameter cylinder (similar to Fig.P2.21), the annular space being filled with oil having a kinematic viscosity of 0.00042m²/s and specific gravity of 0.86 . If the rate of travel of the ram is 0.22m/s, find the frictional resistance when 2 m of the ram is engaged in the cylinder.2.30 (a) Derive an expression for capillary rise (or depression) between two vertical parallel plates. (b) How much would you expect 10℃water to raise (in mm) if the clean glass plates are separated by 1.2mm ?3.7.3 If a triangle of height d and base b is vertical and submerged in liquid with its vertex at the liquid surface, derive an expression for the depth to its center of pressure.3.7.9 In the following Fig. the rectangular flashboard MN shown in cross section (a=5.4m) is pivoted at B. (a) What must be the maximum height of B above Nif the flashboard is on the verge of tipping when the water surface rises to M? (b ) Ifthe flashboard is pivoted at the location determined in (a ) and the water surface is 1m below M , what are the reactions at B and N per m length of board perpendicular to the figure?3.9.9 A cylindrical bucket of 250 mm diameter and 400 mm high weighing 20.0Ncontains oil (s=0.80) to a depth of 180mm .(a)When placed to float in water ,whatwill be the immersion depth to the bottom of the bucket ? (b) What is the maximumvolume of oil the bucket can hold and still float?3.21 The cross section of a gate is shown in the following Fig. Its dimensionnormal to the plane of the paper is 8 m and its shape is such that 22.0y x . Thegate is pivoted about O . Develop analytic expressions in terms of the water depth yupstream of the gate for the following: (a ) horizontal force. (b ) vertical force. (c )clockwise moment acting on the gate. Compute (a ), (b ) and (c ) for the case wherethe water depth is 2.5 m.3.31 Refer to Sample Prob.3.10.suppose the velocity of the airplane is 220m/s, with all other data unchanged .What then would be the slope of the liquid surface in the tank ?4.3.1 Classify the following cases of flow as to whether they are steady or unsteady, uniform or nonuniform: (a) water flowing from a tilted pail; (b) flow from a rotating lawn sprinkler; (c) flow through the hose leading to the sprinkler; (d) natural stream during dry-weather flow; (e) a natural stream during flood; (f) flow in a city water-distribution main through a straight section of constant diameter with no side connections. (Note: There is room for legitimate argument in some of the above cases, which should stimulate independent thought.)4.13.1 A flow is defined by )4=w+tt=u. What is thev1(41(3),),1(2+=+velocity of flow at the point (3, 2, 4) at 2=t ? What is the acceleration at that point at 2=t ? Specify units in terms of L and T .Discussion:What are the conditions for the formula of hydrodynamic lubrication?5.2.4 From point 1, a 25-mm-diameter pipe runs horizontally under the floor and then a 12.5-mm-diameter line runs 1 m up the wall to point 2. To maintain a pressure of 300 kPa at point 2, when 15o C water is flowing at 0.5 L/s, what pressure must be provided at point 1? Neglect friction.Additional problem. A centrifugal water pump with a suction pipe is shown in following figure. Pump output is s /m 03.03=V Q , the diameter of suction pipe m m 150=d , the vacuum that pump can reach is O mH 8.6)/(2=g p v ρ, and all head losses in the suction pipe O mH h w 21=. Determine the utmost elevation e h from the pump shaft to the water surface on the pond.6.8 A reducing right-angled bend lies in a horizontal plane. Water enters from the west with a velocity of 3 m/s and a pressure of 30 kPa, and it leaves toward the north. The diameter at the entrance is 500 mm and at the exit it is 400 mm. Neglecting any friction loss, find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the bend.6.16 Assuming ideal flow in the horizontal plane in following figure, calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the stationary blade. Note that the jet (m/s 12=j V , mm 150=j D ) is divided by the splitter so that one-third of the water is diverted toward A.6.48 For a lawn sprinkler in the figure 6.14(see textbook), develop an expression for the runway speed ω in terms of h , r and 2β. This would occur if there were no mechanical friction or air resistance, i.e., zero torque.7.4.2 Oil(85.0=s and 2N.s/m 24.0=μ) in a 100-mm-diameter pipe flows with a velocity of 3.5m/s. What is the Reynolds number? Note that in the Reynolds number the significant length D L =.7.4.6 The dimensions of a model airplane are 1:30 those of its prototype. In planned test in a pressure wind tunnel the model will operate at the same speed and air temperature as the prototype. What pressure in the wind tunnel, relative to the atmospheric pressure, will make the Reynolds number the same?7.7.1 Use dimensional analysis to arrange the following groups into dimension parameters: (a) τ, V , ρ; (b) V ,L , ρ,σ. Use the MLT system.7.7.3 Use dimensional analysis to derive an expression for the powerdeveloped by engine in terms of the torque T and rotative speed ω.。
常用英语词汇6000
shelter 收容所 air raid shelter 防空洞 houseboat 船屋 apartment 公寓 townhouse (低层)多联栋 duplex (低层)双联栋 house/detached house独立别墅condominium堪得密撵共管公寓condo看抖共管公寓 ranch house带车库的长平房ranch乱曲牧场 pasture趴死曲儿牧场草场orchard 哦瘸3的果园 orchid哦kid兰花 barn牛圈,粮仓 the country 乡下 painting (墙上)画 mantel馒头壁炉台 end table 墙角小茶几 screen door 纱门 window screen纱窗 lower the drapes拉下窗帘(厚长的) lower the price 便宜点 blinds百叶窗，遮光帘 shutter百叶窗,快门 shuttle航天飞机,穿梭工具 shuttle bus 穿梭巴士 lampshade 灯罩 shade灯罩,窗帘,太阳眼镜 floor lamp 落地灯 fl u orescent lamp灯管 ceiling fan细零吊扇 buffet波费餐具柜,小卖部 pitcher 大水罐 chandelier拴的粒尔吊灯candlestick 烛台 platter扑led大浅盘(公共) plate 餐盘(自己) wall unit 壁柜,立柜 headboard 床头板 electric blanket 电热毯bedspread 床罩
dust the sofa 掸沙发 wax the floor 地板打蜡dustpan 簸箕 whisk broom 小扫把 vacuum attachments 吸尘器配件ammonia氨水 furniture polish 家具亮光剂 cleanser洁厕剂 cleaners干洗店 scrub brush 厕所刷子 vise台式钳 pliers 钳子 wheelbarrow 独轮手推车 rake 耙子 yardstick码尺，检验标准 fly swatter 苍蝇拍 mousetrap 捕鼠器 bug/insect spray 杀虫剂 paintbrush 油漆刷 paint roller 油漆滚筒 barber shop 理发店 child care center 托儿所 day care center 托儿所 donut store 甜甜圈店 optician 眼镜店,配镜师 fast-food restaurant 快餐店 florist花农 gas station 加油站 service station 加油站 hair salon 发廊 hardware store 五金店 Laundromat自助洗衣店 maternity shop 母婴店 courthouse 法院 court 法院，球场 fire hydrant 消防栓 city hall 市政府
在日常生活中如何节约水资源英语作文
在日常生活中如何节约水资源英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1How to Save Water in Our Daily LivesWater is one of the most important resources on our planet. We need water to drink, to bathe, to grow our food, and for so many other things. But did you know that only a tiny amount of the world's water is fresh water that humans can use? The rest is salt water in the oceans.With so many people on Earth, we are using up our fresh water supplies faster than nature can renew them. If we keep wasting water, one day we might run out! That's a scary thought. The good news is that there are lots of simple things we can do every day to save water. Even kids like us can help conserve this precious resource.At HomeOne of the best places to start saving water is right at home. Here are some tips for using less water around the house:•Take shor ter showers instead of baths. Showers use much less water, especially if you keep them under 5 minutes. You can make a game of timing yourself to take "military showers" and see who can use the least water.•Turn off the faucet while brushing your teet h. Just wet your brush and fill a cup for rinsing. This can save several gallons with each brushing.•Tell your parents to fix any leaky faucets or running toilets right away. A dripping faucet can waste hundreds of gallons per month!•Only run the dishwasher and washing machine when you have full loads. Running half-loads just wastes water and energy.•When washing dishes by hand, don't leave the water running. Just fill the sink partway instead of letting it flow freely.•Keep a pitcher of drinking water in the fridge instead of letting the tap run until the water gets cold.•Water your lawn and garden in the early morning or late evening when it's cooler to reduce evaporation. Also, set sprinklers to water just the plants, not the driveway or sidewalks.At SchoolThere are lots of ways to save water at school too:•If you see any leaks from faucets, drinking fountains, or toilets, tell your teacher or principal so they can be fixed quickly.•Don't flush toilets unnecessa rily. Every flush uses several gallons! Unless it's yellow, let it mellow is a good rule.•Use water fountains instead of disposable plastic bottles when possible. Making those bottles wastes a lot of water.•Encourage your school to put up signs r eminding students to conserve water in bathrooms, locker rooms, and anywhere else it's used.Out & AboutYou can also save water when you're out running errands or having fun:•Skip the car wash and use a bucket and sponge instead. Car washes use 100 gallons or more per vehicle!•If you're eating outside, only take one water cup and ask for a refill instead of getting new cups.•At restaurants, don't let them automatically bring everyone big glasses of water. Many people don't even drink them.•When swimming, follow all rules about showering before entering pools. Pools need less water treatment with less body waste being rinsed in.•Go easy on outdoor water activities like water balloon fights or playing under sprinklers. They use a crazy amount of water very quickly!Every Drop CountsAs you can see, there are so many easy ways we can all save water every single day. Things like taking shorter showers, fixing leaks fast, only running full loads of laundry, and skipping hoses when we can all make a big difference.If everyone does their part to conserve water, we can make sure we have enough of this precious resource for years to come. We have to be smart about how we use water now so future generations don't face terrible shortages later.Some people think that one person can't make much difference. But if every kid followed water-saving tips like these, we could conserve billions of gallons each year! That's amazing when you think about it.So let's all do our part and start saving water today. Treat every drop like it really matters, because it does. Together, wecan ensure clean, fresh water for drinking, bathing, growing food, and all our needs - now and forever!篇2Title: Saving Water, Saving Our PlanetHi there! My name is Emily, and I'm a 10-year-old student who loves our beautiful planet Earth. Today, I want to talk to you about something super important: saving water. Water is one of the most precious resources we have, and it's essential for all living things, including us humans!You might be wondering, "Why do we need to save water? Isn't there plenty of it?" Well, the truth is, while our planet is covered in water (oceans, rivers, lakes, and more), only a tiny portion of it is fresh water that we can use for drinking, cooking, bathing, and other everyday activities.Did you know that each person uses a lot of water every day? We use water for taking showers, flushing toilets, brushing our teeth, washing dishes, and so many other things. But sometimes, we waste water without even realizing it. That's not good for our planet or for us!So, what can we do to save water? Well, there are lots of simple things we can do in our daily lives to make a big difference. Are you ready to become a water-saving superhero? Let's go!Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth: This is an easy one! Instead of letting the water run while you're brushing, turn it off until you need to rinse your mouth. You'll save gallons of water every day!Take shorter showers: I know, taking long hot showers is fun, but it wastes a lot of water. Try setting a timer for 5 minutes and see if you can finish your shower within that time. You'll be saving water and helping the environment!Fix leaky faucets and pipes: Even a small drip can waste a lot of water over time. If you notice any leaks in your home, tell your parents or a grown-up so they can get it fixed. Every drop counts!Use a bucket when washing your bike or car: Instead of letting the hose run, fill a bucket with water and use a sponge or cloth. This way, you'll only use the water you need, and you won't waste any.Water plants in the morning or evening: If you have a garden or houseplants, try to water them in the morning or evening when it's cooler. This way, the water won't evaporate as quickly, and your plants will stay hydrated longer.Reuse water when possible: For example, if you have a fish tank, you can use the water from cleaning it to water your plants instead of pouring it down the drain.Remind your family and friends: Spread the word about saving water! Remind your family members and friends to turn off the tap when they're not using it, take shorter showers, and do their part to conserve water.Saving water might seem like a small thing, but when we all do our part, it can make a huge difference. Every drop of water we save helps to protect our planet and ensure that there's enough fresh water for everyone.Imagine if everyone in the world started saving water like we do. We could help prevent water shortages, protect aquatic ecosystems, and make sure that future generations have access to clean, fresh water.So, let's all become water-saving superheroes! It's up to us to take care of our planet and its precious resources. Together, we can make a big difference, one drop at a time.What do you say? Are you ready to join me on thiswater-saving adventure? Let's start today and make it a habit for the rest of our lives. Our planet will thank us for it!篇3How to Save Water in Your Daily LifeWater is essential for life on Earth. We need water to drink, bathe, clean, and grow our food. However, fresh water is a limited resource, and we must be careful not to waste it. By making small changes in our daily habits, we can save a significant amount of water and help protect this precious resource for the future.At Home:Turn off the faucet while brushing your teeth: One of the easiest ways to save water is to turn off the faucet while brushing your teeth. Simply wet your toothbrush, turn off the water, brush your teeth, and then turn the water back on to rinse. This simple habit can save several gallons of water each time you brush.Take shorter showers: Showers are a major source of water consumption in most households. Try to keep your showers short, around 5 minutes or less. You can even set a timer to help you stay on track. Additionally, consider installing a low-flow showerhead, which can save up to 15 gallons of water during a 10-minute shower.Fix leaks promptly: Leaky faucets, showerheads, and toilets can waste a tremendous amount of water over time. Check for leaks regularly and have them fixed promptly by a plumber or by following simple repair instructions. A single leaky faucet can waste up to 3,000 gallons of water per year!Use a bucket to catch water while waiting for it to heat up: Instead of letting the water run down the drain while waiting for it to get hot, keep a bucket in the bathroom or kitchen to catch the cold water. This water can then be used for watering plants, cleaning, or other purposes.In the Yard:Water your plants wisely: Watering your plants and garden is essential, but it's crucial to do it efficiently. Water your plants in the morning or evening when it's cooler to minimize evaporation. Also, consider using a soaker hose or drip irrigation system, which delivers water directly to the roots, reducing water waste.Collect rainwater: Invest in a rain barrel to collect and store rainwater for watering your plants or washing your car. Rainwater is free and an excellent source of water for your garden.Use a broom instead of a hose: Instead of using a hose to clean your driveway or sidewalk, use a broom or leaf blower. Sweeping or blowing away debris is a more water-efficient way to keep your outdoor spaces clean.Consider xeriscaping: Xeriscaping is the practice of landscaping with drought-resistant plants that require minimal water. By incorporating native plants and using mulch to retain moisture, you can create a beautiful, low-maintenance yard that conserves water.In the Community:Report water leaks: If you notice a leaking fire hydrant, broken sprinkler, or any other water leak in your community, report it to the appropriate authorities. These leaks can waste a significant amount of water if left unrepaired.Support water conservation efforts: Attend community meetings and support local initiatives aimed at conserving water resources. Your voice and participation can make a difference inraising awareness and implementing effective water-saving strategies.Educate others: Share your knowledge about water conservation with family, friends, and classmates. Encourage them to adopt water-saving habits and spread the message about the importance of preserving this vital resource.Remember, every drop counts! By making small changes in our daily lives, we can collectively make a significant impact on water conservation. It's our responsibility to protect and preserve this precious resource for future generations.篇4Water is Life: How We Can Save it Every DayWater is one of the most precious resources on our planet Earth. It's what keeps us alive and healthy. Without water, we wouldn't be able to grow crops, cook food, or even take a refreshing bath. But did you know that our water supply is limited? That's why it's so important for all of us to do our part in saving water every single day.Let me tell you a secret – saving water is not as hard as you might think. In fact, it can be really fun and rewarding! By makinga few simple changes in our daily routines, we can save a lot of water and help protect our environment at the same time.Here are some easy ways we can save water at home:Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth or washing your face. It's a common habit to leave the water running while we're brushing or washing up, but that's a huge waste of water. Instead, wet your toothbrush or hands, turn off the tap, and then turn it back on when you need to rinse.Take shorter showers. I know how tempting it is to spend a long time in the warm, cozy shower, but that's a big no-no when it comes to saving water. Try setting a timer for 5 minutes and see if you can finish your shower within that time. You can even make it a fun challenge and sing your favorite song while showering!Fix leaky faucets and toilets. Even a tiny drip from a leaky faucet or toilet can waste gallons of water over time. Ask your parents or a plumber to fix any leaks as soon as possible.Don't let the water run while washing dishes or vegetables. Instead of letting the water run constantly, fill up the sink or a bowl with water and use that to wash your dishes or veggies.Water your plants wisely. Instead of using a hose to water your plants, use a watering can or a bucket. This way, you'll use only the amount of water your plants need and avoid wasting any.But saving water doesn't stop at home. There are plenty of ways we can conserve water when we're out and about too!Don't litter. Remember, any trash or waste that ends up in rivers, lakes, or oceans can pollute the water and make it unsafe for plants, animals, and even us humans.Don't waste water at school or in public places. If you see a leaky faucet or a running toilet in your school's bathroom, let your teacher or the janitor know so they can fix it.Educate others. Share your knowledge about saving water with your friends, family, and classmates. The more people we can inspire to save water, the better for our planet.Saving water is not just good for the environment; it's also good for us. When we use water wisely, we ensure that there's enough for everyone, including future generations. Plus, it can save your family money on water bills!Remember, every drop counts. Even the smallest actions, like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth, can make a bigdifference in preserving our precious water resources. So let's all do our part and make saving water a daily habit.Together, we can protect our planet and ensure that everyone has access to clean, fresh water for years to come. It's up to us to be the Water Warriors of today and the future!篇5How to Save Water Resources in Daily LifeWater is one of the most precious resources on our planet. Without water, life as we know it would not exist. From the tiny seedlings that sprout in the gardens to the gigantic whales swimming in the vast oceans, every living being needs water to survive. As kids, we learn about the importance of water early on, but do we really understand how crucial it is to conserve this life-giving resource?You might be thinking, "But there's so much water on Earth! The oceans are huge, and it rains all the time!" While that's true, the thing is, only a tiny fraction of the world's water is fresh water that humans and animals can actually use. The rest is saltwater from the seas and oceans, which we can't drink or use for cooking, cleaning, or watering plants.So, it's really important that we don't waste the small amount of fresh water we have. By saving water, we can make sure there's enough for everyone – people, animals, and plants. Plus, conserving water also helps the environment by reducing pollution and protecting natural habitats like rivers, lakes, and wetlands.Now, you might be wondering, "How can I, a kid, make a difference in saving water?" Well, let me tell you, there are so many things we can do in our daily lives to conserve water. It's easier than you think, and every little bit counts!Here are some simple ways we can save water at home:Turn off the tap when brushing your teeth or washing your face. Don't let the water run unnecessarily! You'd be surprised how much water you can save by just turning off the tap while you're scrubbing.Take shorter showers. Instead of spending half an hour in the shower, try to keep it under 5 minutes. You can even make a game of it by timing yourself or singing your favorite song while showering – when the song ends, it's time to get out!Tell your parents if you notice any leaks in the faucets, toilets, or pipes at home. A small drip can waste gallons of water over time, so it's important to get leaks fixed as soon as possible.When you're thirsty, drink water from a reusable bottle instead of buying single-use plastic bottles. Not only does this save water, but it also reduces plastic waste, which is good for the environment.Don't let the water run while washing dishes or vegetables. Fill up the sink or a bowl with water instead of letting it run continuously.If you have a backyard or garden, water the plants in the early morning or evening when it's cooler. This way, less water evaporates, and the plants can absorb more of it.These are just a few examples, but there are so many other ways we can save water in our daily lives. We can also encourage our friends, family members, and classmates to adoptwater-saving habits too.Remember, every drop counts! By making small changes in our routines, we can make a big difference in conserving this precious resource. Imagine if everyone in the world saved just afew gallons of water each day – that would add up to billions of gallons saved every year!Saving water doesn't just benefit us humans; it also helps protect the environment and all the amazing plants and animals that call it home. Think about all the beautiful rivers, lakes, and wetlands that provide habitats for fish, birds, and other wildlife. By conserving water, we're helping to keep these natural ecosystems healthy and thriving.So, let's all do our part in saving water, one drop at a time. It's a small effort that can make a huge impact on our planet. Who knows, by developing these water-saving habits now, we might inspire others to follow suit, and together, we can create a more sustainable future for generations to come.Remember, every drop counts! Let's work together to save water and protect our precious natural resources.篇6How to Save Water in Our Daily LivesWater is one of the most precious resources on our planet. We need water to live - to drink, bathe, cook, clean, and so much more. However, clean fresh water is becoming more scarce asthe world's population grows and pollution increases. That's why it's so important that we all do our part to conserve water and use it wisely every day.At school, my teachers have taught me many ways to save water. One simple way is to never let the water run while brushing my teeth. It's easy to leave the tap on as I'm scrubbing, but all that wasted water really adds up over time. Instead, I wet my toothbrush, turn off the tap while brushing, and only turn it back on quickly to rinse. This small habit can save several gallons of water per person every day!Another way to conserve water at school is to be very careful in the bathrooms. Sometimes my classmates might accidentally leave a sink faucet running after washing their hands. Or they'll flush an unused urinal or toilet "just for fun." But that wastes so much clean water that could be used for drinking or other important purposes. I always double check that no taps are dripping and nothing gets flushed unnecessarily. If I see a leak, I notify the teacher or custodian right away so it can be fixed.At home, my parents have taught me many more ways our family can reduce our water usage. We take shorter showers instead of baths, which use much more water. My mom will put a bucket in the shower stall to collect the cold water that comesout first while waiting for it to heat up. Then we use that bucket of water to flush the toilet or water plants instead of letting it go down the drain.We're also very careful about overfilling containers in the kitchen and bathroom sinks. It's easy to leave the tap running full blast while rinsing dishes or washing up, but that's so wasteful. Instead, we plug the sink and just use a few inches of water to get things clean. We shut off the tap while lathering hands or scrubbing dishes. Rinsing under a slow stream uses far less water than letting it gush out continuously.My dad is really good at reusing water around the house too. After boiling pasta or vegetables, he'll let the cooking water cool and then use it to water the houseplants or garden. When draining the bathtub, he'll use a bucket to catch some of that graywater to refill the toilet tank or use for mopping floors. It's amazing how much water can be reused in different ways instead of going straight down the drain.Outside, we're careful to never leave sprinklers or hoses running unnecessarily. We water the lawn and garden either early in the morning or late in the evening when it's cooler to reduce evaporation. My brothers and I are only allowed to use the hose for cleaning things when absolutely needed - never forrecreational water play that just gets everything wet and wastes water.We've also replaced some of our thirsty lawn withdrought-tolerant plants and ground cover that doesn't require as much watering. We use mulch liberally around trees and garden beds to help the soil retain moisture. And we've installed rain barrels to collect runoff from our roof to use for irrigating plants rather than using treated tap water.At school, we've started composting our food scraps and using the rich fertilizer on the school gardens. This helps the soil hold water better and reduces the need for extra watering. We also try to pack bulk snacks and lunches with less packaging, since processing and producing all that extra plastic, paper and metal uses a lot of water too.Basically, the key to conserving water is being mindful of how we use it every single day. It's easy to forget that every drop adds up - but wasting even a little can rob someone else of the clean water they need to survive. So we have to value water as the precious resource it truly is.I feel good knowing my family and I are doing our part. Maybe our efforts don't seem that significant, but if everyone made some simple changes, the collective impact would be huge.We'd free up supplies for water-stressed areas facing drought. We'd reduce the energy needed for pumping and treatment. We'd have more fresh water available to sustain human life and the environment.It's up to my generation to truly understand the crucial importance of water conservation. The water crisis will only continue getting worse with climate change and rising global populations. We have to change our wasteful habits and find innovative ways to cut consumption now before it's too late. Saving water means saving the future of our planet. And once that fresh water is gone, there is no replacing it. So let's all do our part, one drop at a time!。
园林专业英语术语
园林术语园garden园丁gardener园廊veranda园林park and garden园林驳岸revetment in garden园林布局garden layout园林陈设garden furniture园林底图garden base map园林地形garden topography园林地形改造topographic treatment of garden园林雕塑garden sculpture园林工程garden engineering园林构图composition of garden园林管理landscape management园林规划park and garden planning园林化gardenization园林建设park and garden construction园林建筑garden structure园林空间garden room园林理水water treatment of garden园林绿地garden green area园林绿地布局garden green area layout园林绿化landscaping园林美学garden aesthetics园林苗圃garden nursery园林铺路garden pavement园林色彩garden color园林色彩构图garden color composition园林色彩调和garden color harmony园林色彩效果garden color effect园林色彩学garden color chromatics园林设计park and garden design园林设计师landscape architect园林树木landscape woody plant, landscape tree and shrub 园林四季色彩seasonal colors in gardening园林小气候garden microclimate园林学landscape architecture园林养护park maintenance园林艺术garden art园林艺境poetic imagery of garden园林栅栏garden fence园林植物garden plant园林植物配置planting arrangement园林植物育种landscape plant breeding园林种植设计garden planting design园林总平面图garden general layout园林总体规划garden overall plan园路pave园路工程garden pavement engineering园门garden entrance园墙garden wall园桥garden bridge园亭garden pavilion园屋garden house园艺horticulture园用筛garden sieve古代园林ancient garden, historical garden 古典建筑classic architecture古典式classic style古典党派classical school古树age-old tree古树名木old tree and famous wood现代园林modern garden花卉flowers and plants花卉布置flowers arrangement花卉干旱处理floral draught treatment花卉冷藏处理floral cold treatment花卉品种分类系统systematic floricattase花卉色谱flower color chart花卉业florist industry花卉园艺系floriculture花卉展览flower show花卉装饰flower decoration花架flower trellis, pagoda花镜flower border花? splice花篮flower basket花候flowercence, flowering season 花卉布置flower arrangement花被卷造式aestivations花部退化状态antholysis花色flower color花束bouquet花坛flower bed花坛植物bedding plant花萼scape花心eye of flower花形成Flower formation花型flower form花型同性homogeny花型异性heterogamy花序inflorescence花序轴rhachic花芽flower bud花芽分化flower bud differentiation花芽接fruit bud grafting花芽始？状态ripeness of flower花芽形成flower bud formation花样pattern花药anther花药培养anther culture花冠裂片corolla lobe花寇筒corolla tube花萼calix (pl. calices), calyx (pl. calyces) 花萼瓣化性calycantheng花萼裂片calyx-lobe花萼筒calyx tube花而不实no seed after blossom花粉pollen花粉败育pollen abortion花粉不育性pollen sexility花粉培养pollen culture花梗pedicel花冠corolla花灌木flowering shrub花喉gorqe花环floral hoop, garden花药？化anther ophylly花药异常anther omania花颖floriglume花园garden花原端floral apex花原？Flower primordium花运动flower movement花枝flower branch花柱style露地花卉outdoor flower宿根花卉perennial flowers球根花卉bulb flowers岩生花卉rock flowers水生花卉aquatic flowers草坪植物lawn plant地被植物grand cover plant温室花卉greenhouse flower亚灌木花卉sufruticosa flower木本花卉woody flowers兰科花卉orchid flower花格子架trellis花格墙lattice wall花篱flower hedge花轮flower whorl花轮减少oligotaxy花轮增多pleiotaxy花木flowering trees and shrubs花泥flower foam花盘clisc, disk花盆flower pot花棚架pergola花瓶vase花圃flower nursery花期antheris (单花); blooming date; blooming period; blossom;efflorescence; flowering period花期不遇flowering a synchronism花期隔离anthesis isolation花期控制anthesis control花器flower organ花器发育flower organ development花被perianth花被瓣perianth lobe, perianth segment蕨类植物fern, pteridophyte仙人掌植物cactus plants多桨植物fleshy plants盆花potted flower盆景bonsai, miniarcape, miniature landscape, penjing 盆栽pot culture盆栽苗potted seedling盆栽植物potted plant树桩盆景potted miniature tree, miniature potted-tree山水盆景potted miniature landscape观赏sightseeing观赏动物fancy animal观赏花卉ornamental flower观赏价值aesthetic value, ornamental value观赏树木ornamental trees and shrubs观赏树种ornamental tree’s species观赏园艺ornamental horticulture装饰植物decorative plants观赏植物ornamental plant观叶树foliage tree观叶植物foliage plant, leaf plant观赏竹类ornamental bamboos植物公园botanical park植物景观vegetative landscape植物空间vegetation space植物园botanical garden植穴plant hole, plant pit植株plant individual装饰decoration, ornament饰面板，装饰板decorative board, decorative panel装饰材料decorative material装饰漆decorative coating装饰图案ornamental design装饰艺术decorative paper装饰纸decorative paper饰面facing室内花园indoor garden, house garden室内花卉indoor flower室内气候indoor weather室内植物indoor plant, house plant室内装饰interior decoration室内装饰板interior finish board室内嫁接indoor grafting室外嫁接field grafting室温room temperature暗明暗图案olo-pattern暗明图案ol-pattern沉园sunken garden沉堰ground-weis沉积景观sedimentary landscape沉床花坛sunken flower bed背景栽植background planting背景适应background adaptation本底谱background spectrum避署胜地summer resort边界栽植boundary planting裱mount补植rein forerment planting补植树enriched tree, gap-cover不规则式informal style, irregular style 不规则式园林irregular garden草被rod cover草皮turf草皮犁turfing plow草皮地水道grass waterway草皮栽植turf planting草坪lawn草坪更新lawn renovation草坪洒水器lawn sprinkler草坪修剪机lawn pruning machine草坪栽培turf-culture草坪植物lawn plant草图rough draft, sketch城市大气urban atmosphere城市分区city zoning城市风urban wind城市风景civic landscape城市公园urban park城市规划city planning城市规划区city planning area城市花园city garden城市化urbanization城市环境urban environment城市建设urban construction城市空地urban open space城市林业city forestry, urban forestry城市绿地定额urban green norm城市绿地定额指标urban green norm indication城市绿地系统urban green system城市绿地系统规划urban green system planning城市绿化urban afforesting and green城市绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage城市热岛效应urban heat-island effect城市森林urban forestry城市生态学urban ecology城市园林布局city garden distribution城市园林绿地规划planning of open space城市园林绿地系统system of open space池pond, pool池塘园pool garden重瓣polyphyll重瓣花double flower, multiplication flower 重瓣品种double variety重被花dichlamydeous flower重新配置reallocation, reallotment初花期initial-flowering period窗洞（口）window opening窗格状fenertriform, windowlike窗台windowsill窗扇casement窗框，窗樘frame, sash窗？slille垂直绿化vertical greening垂直投影vertical projection导游圈tourist map树池tree basal pond树丝grove树冠投影图crown mapping树冠投影crown projection树形sharp of tree, tree form树冠形crown form树木修补tree surgery树木养护tree maintenance树木移植tree transplant树木园arboretum树木造型topiary树木造型艺术topiary art树木支柱tree-prop树相树姿tree feature树种选择choice of tree species树桩盆景potted miniature tree, miniature potted-tree 专类花园specified flower garden专用绿地exclusive green space原产地provenance, seed source风障windscreen, windbreak冷床cold frame冷床播种seeding in cold frame冷床催芽cold frame forced germination冷床育苗seeding in cold frame温床frame, hotbed温床播种frame seeding温床催根forced rooting in frame温床育苗growing seedling in hotbed插花flower arrangement花相floral aspect(form)列植line-planting荫棚花卉shed flower食用花卉food flower, edible flower香料花卉drug flower, medical flower药用花卉fragrance flower, perfume flower热带花卉tropical flower温带花卉temperate flower寒带花卉arctic flower, frigid flower, boreal flower 高山花卉alpine flower促成栽培forcing culture促成温室forcing house抑制栽培inhibitory culture无土栽培soilless culture观赏价值aesthetic value, ornamental value观赏树木ornamental trees and shrubs观赏树种ornamental tree species观赏温室ornamental greenhouse观赏园艺ornamental horticulture观赏植物ornamental plant观赏植物采后处理postharvest processing of ornamental plants 观赏竹类ornamental bamboo观叶树foliage tree观叶植物foliage plant, leaf plant？花卉花卉bedding flower盆栽花卉potted flower花卉种质flower germ plasm种植密度planting density种植配置planting composition种植设计planting design切花cut flower切花保鲜keeping freshness of cutting flower切花保鲜剂floral preservation切花贮藏cut flower storage切接cut grafting切枝杂交cutting cross食虫植物insectivorous plant观赏动物fancy animal观赏花卉ornamental flower轴测axial measurement透视perspective透视图perspective drawing透视轴perspective axis投影projection投影图projection drawing投影面积projection area阴影shadow阴影法shadow method阴影线hachure line, hachures平面图plan立面图elevation平面plane剖面profile, section剖面图section, sectional drawing剖视图cutaway view, sectional view立体花坛three-dimensional flower bed对植，对称种植oppositi-planting, symmetrical planting三角形种植triangle-planting孤植，独植，单植isolated planting丛植，丛栽bunch planting聚植，集植，组植crowd planting群植，群状栽植block planting, group planting树群tree group林植patch planting散点植scattered planting修剪cutting back, pruning整形dressing, shaping整形修剪pruning, shearing体憩区recreation area整地ground preparation, site preparation, soil preparation 总体布置general arrangement总体规划general plan, master plant总体（规划）设计overall design总投资gross investment总图general drawing总控制点total inhibition point(T.I.P)纵断面longitudinal profile, longitudinal section纵断面测量profile survey纵断面设计profile design纵断面图，纵剖面图profile纵视图longitudinal view通廊altey园林建筑，庭园建筑garden architecture庭园绿化grounds greening庭园绿化树种grounds greening species庭园(house)garden, flower garden别墅villa文化公园cultural park文化景观cultural landscape体育公园sports park纪念公园memorial park纪念林memorial forest儿童公园children park儿童游戏场children’s playground游乐场（园）amusement ground, pleasure ground游憩地点recreation site游憩地区recreation area游憩设施recreation facility游园take part in a garden party, gala party 游人sight-seer游客traveler, sight-seer游览tour, go sight-seeing游记account of o ne’s travels游船pleasure-boat, yacht油画oil painting户外游憩outdoor recreation户外游憩资源outdoor recreation resource户外游戏场amusement park户外空间outdoor space国家公园national park森林公园forest park造园设计landscape design天然公园landscape park景观单元landscape unit田园城市，花园城市garden city园林郊区garden suburb节奏rhythm街道绿地street green area街道绿化street planting街坊花园neighborhood garden制图charting, map-making, drafting制表tabulating景观保护区landscape reservation景观变化aspect ion, scenery variation景观分析landscape analysis景观价值amenity value景观开发landscape development景观控制点landscape control point景观型landscape type景色landscape, scene, view景深depth of field景深方向depth direction构思work out the composition of a picture 构图composition(of a picture)台terrace台地园terrace garden台榭terraced building楼阁loft假门blank door假山artificial hill, decorative hill 叠石overlapped rocks玲珑剔透small and exquisite水景剧场water theatre视景线vista视景园vista garden丘园Kew garden花园广场garden square中央公园central park左右对称bilateral symmetry辐射对称radical symmetry风景landscape, scenery风景保护林scenic beauty protection forest 风景保护区landscape reservation风景步道scenic trails风景管理带landscape-management zone 风景规划landscape planning风景控制点landscape control point风景林amenity forest风景名胜区规划planning of scenic resort风景评价appreciation of scenery风景区scenic area风景设计landscape design风景型landscape type避暑胜地summer resort便门access door便道pilot track, pioneer road滨河园riverside garden涂白whitewash涂抹painting涂伤剂wound paint土方工程earth work底漆primer, priming paint面漆top coatCommon Prefixes of Forestry Termsa- 非，无，异常；allo-异；auto-自动，自行;bi-二;bio-生物;centi-一百;co-协同；con-同，相同，共；di- 二的，二倍;dis- 相反，分离;extra-额外的；hydr-, hydro-水，氢的；in-在内，进入，非;inter-……间的；intra-在……内的；kilo-千;meta-变异的，异质的；macro-大的；mega(lo)-大，强，兆，百万; micro-小的，微；mono-单一的；multi-多的；neo-新的；over- 在上面，超过，额外; para-同，并；pent(a)-五个;phyto-植物的；poly-多的；pre-前；proto-先，原，初；quadr-四个;quasi-准；re-再，返，回，重，共；self-自行；sub-亚，半，下，近；semi-半；stereo-立体super-超，超级，上;syn-, sym-一道，共同，同时；tetra-四个；tri-三;ultra-超级，外；uni-单一Basic Words of Forestry Terms乡土native本底（背景）background界面boundary种质germplasm分布distribution系数、指数factor，index（indices）参数parameter，parametric平均mean最大maximum最小minimum最佳optimal最优optimum期望expected, expectation 人为man-made人工artificial模拟analog区域area复合complex，combined，integrated 等效、等价equivalent，equivalence 侵蚀erosion估计estimated粗放extensive集约intensive大田、野外field固定fixed一般的，广义generalized，general阔叶hardwood，broadleaf识别，判读，指示identification信息information干扰interference反馈feedback中间intermediate中等medium山间intermont, intermontance内在的，内禀intrinsic内部internal外部external，exterior外推extrapolation;调查inventory，investigation，survey 不规则irregular异常illegitimate专一，专化，特定specific线性linear随机random，stochastic范围range率rate比率ratio系数coefficient类型type，form密度density成熟maturity采伐cutting度degree退化degradation种species流失loss增长increment层layer厚度thickness景观landscape平衡balance速生rapidly growing回归regression区域region相对relative 可靠reliability样本sample样地plot样点point地形relief残存、残遗relict残余、残存、剩余residual断面刨面sectional主要primary次要、次生secondary立地site林分stand空间spatial连续、继承、演替succession对称symmetry同生synchronous合成synthesized系统的systematic目标、靶target过渡transitional局部localized，partial混交mixed模型model，pattern，type，form正常、正交、正态、标本、正规normal(ized)顶极climax原始original拟合best fit定期、周期periodic永久、持续、固定、稳定permanent 主principal，major，main优先priority潜在、位势、可能potential每木per-tree单位per unit定性qualitative定量quantitative预测predict原始primitive耐性tolerance生物量biomass生长growth群落community梯度gradient纯（收入）net标准standard收入income面积area支出output长度length体积volume宽度width生产力capacity次生secondary价值、评价value评价、估价assessment 演替、序列succession库pool关联的associated相关作用correlation表table循环、周期cycle曲线curve循环circulate，circulation覆盖率coverage纯pure有效的available边缘、边际edge，margin效益、效能effect模拟simulation预测、预报prediction模型、建模、标准model，modeling 模式mode林业科学通用词汇management经营、管理、经理ratio比率index指数index(指标)factor因子constant常数type、form类型density密度degradation退化site立地loss流失stand林分layer 层sample样本(sampling) 抽样maturity 成熟rotation周期thickness厚度landscape 景观inventory 测量、调查、清查balance 平衡cutting 采伐increment 增长、增量primitive，origin 原始range 范围、地域resistance 抗性tolerance 耐性net网period 期classification ，separates，divide 分类、分离background本底The Plant Body: An OverviewThere are more than 275,000 species of plants, and no one species can be used as a "typical example" of their body plans. Plants live in fresh water, in seawater, on land, even high above a forest floor (attached to other plants), and their features are correspondingly diverse. In size alone, plants range from microscopic algae to giant redwoods. Which plants, then, should be our focus? Botanists divide the plant kingdom into two broad categories:Vascular plants: with well-developed conducting tissues through which water andsolutes are transported to different body regions.Nonvascular plants: no internal transport systems (very simple ones).Because fewer than 30,000 species (the red, brown, and green algae and the bryophytes) are nonvascular, it is clear that the vascular pattern is more typical. The most familiar vascular plants are the seed-producing plants, so called spermatophyte and generally divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms:Gymnosperms: chiefly conifers, such as pines, spruces, firs, hemlocks, larches, cypress, junipers, maidenhair trees, and redwoods.Angiosperms: flowering plant s, such as poplars, willows,birches, walnuts, elms,mulberries, oaks, roses, apple trees, cherry trees, lilacs, lilies, tulips,orchids, and bamboos.The overwhelming majority of vascular plants (235,000 species) are flowering, and they will be our focus here. All vascular plants have primary tissues originating at roots and shoot tips, and as these tissues grow and develop, the roots, stems, and leaves increase in length. Collectively, these tissues are called primary growth. Many species also show secondary growth, which results in increases in diameter(girth,周长,围长) at older root and stem regions. For example,secondary growth adds to the woody parts of a maple tree; primary growth gives rise to its new shoots each spring.There are two classes of flowering plants, referred to informally as monocots and dicots. They both have a shoot system, consisting of stems and leaves, and a root system. Both produce flowers, which serve as the reproductive system. However, one of the main differences between the two classes is that monocot seeds have one cotyledon, and dicot seeds have two. Other differences between monocots and dicots are shown as follows:Monocots Dicotsone cotyledon in seed two cotyledons in seedfloral parts usually occur in threes floral parts usually occur in fivesleaf veins usually are parallel leaf veins usually are netlikemost monocots show little or many dicots show secondary growthno secondary growthpollen grains basically have one pore pollen grains basically have three pore or furrows or furrowsAn Overview of Common Plants种子植物Spermatophyte 裸子植物Gymnosperms 被子植物Angiosperms 双子叶植物Dicotyledons 单子叶植物monocotyledons松属pine 冷杉属fir云杉属spruce 落叶松属larch铁杉属hemlock 银杏maidenhair tree, Ginkgo 雪松cedar金松golden larch 杉木Chinese fir 北美红杉sequoia, R edwood巨杉Giant sequoia, giant redwood, Big-Tree 水杉metasequoia, fossil tree红豆杉yew 三尖杉属plum-yew 榧树属torreya扁柏属cedar 刺柏属juniper 柏木属cypress侧柏属Chinese thuja, Oriental Arbor-Vitae 圆柏属juniper柳属willow, osier, salon-tree 杨属poplar, cotton wood, aspen山毛榉，水青冈beech 锥栗属，栗属chestnut 栎属oak桤木，赤杨alder 桦木属birch 鹅耳枥属hornbeam铁木属hop-hornbeam 榛属hazel (tree) 榆属elm朴树属hack-berry, nettle-tree 桑属mulberry 构树paper-mulberry榕树属fig-tree 无花果fig 胡桃属walnut山核桃hickory 枫杨wing-nut 榛属nut-tree芍药属peony（牡丹tree peony）小檗属berbery 木兰属magnolia鹅掌楸tulip-tree 悬铃木plane（tree）漆树属sumac (h )槭树属maple 蔷薇属rose 树莓（悬钩子）属，dewberry 苹果apple tree 李子plum 梨pear樱桃cherry 杏apricot 桃peach山楂haw, hawthorn 梅plum 花楸属sorb, service-tree, scorb 绣线菊属meadow sweet 金合欢wattle刺槐locust 皂荚属honey-locust 胡枝子属bush-clover臭椿tree of heaven 楝树China-tree 卫矛属spindle tree南蛇藤staff-tree 冬青属holly 黄杨属box黄栌smoke-tree 茉莉属jasmine 桉树gum椴树属basswood, lime, linden 七叶树属horse chestnut 柿树属persimmon, ebony鼠李属buckthorn 枣树common jujube 葡萄grape柽柳属tamarisk 茶树tea 石榴pomegranate珙桐dove-tree 梾木dogwood 常春藤ivy杜鹃花属azalea 丁香属lilac, clove 白蜡属ash连翘golden-bell 桂花fragrant flower 楸树catalpa, bean-tree柚pomelo, pum [m]elo 柠檬树，橙lemon tree 柑桔（橘）orange忍冬属honeysuckle 枸杞boxthorn 竹类bamboo亚麻flax 草莓strawberry 郁金香tulip百合lily 兰orchid 人参ginseng。
节约用水减少浪费英文作文
节约用水减少浪费英文作文Water is a precious resource that we should all strive to conserve. Wasting water not only harms the environment but also wastes money. Here are some tips to help you save water and reduce waste.First, fix any leaks in your home. Even a small leak can waste a significant amount of water over time. Check your faucets, toilets, and pipes regularly for leaks and have them repaired immediately.Second, be mindful of how much water you use when washing dishes and clothes. Only run the dishwasher and washing machine when you have a full load. Also, consider using a low-flow showerhead to reduce the amount of water you use when taking a shower.Third, water your lawn and garden early in the morning or late in the evening when temperatures are cooler and there is less evaporation. Also, consider using a dripirrigation system to water your plants, as this is a more efficient way to water than using a sprinkler.Fourth, turn off the faucet when you are brushing your teeth or washing your face. This simple action can save a significant amount of water over time.Finally, consider using a rain barrel to collect rainwater for use in your garden. This is a great way to conserve water and reduce your water bill.By following these simple tips, you can help conserve water and reduce waste. Remember, every drop counts!。
你首先必须要洗脸英语作文
As a high school student, Ive always been conscious of the importance of personal hygiene, and one of the most fundamental aspects of it is washing my face. Its a simple routine that Ive incorporated into my daily life, and it has made a significant difference in how I feel and present myself to the world.Growing up, I was taught that the first step to a fresh start is a clean slate, and that metaphor extends to my morning ritual. Every day, as soon as I wake up, I head straight to the bathroom to wash my face. Its a ritual that not only cleanses my skin but also helps me wake up and prepare for the day ahead.The process is straightforward but incredibly effective. I use a gentle cleanser that is suitable for my skin type. Ive learned through trial and error that using the right product is crucial. In the past, I used to suffer from dryness and occasional breakouts, but finding the right cleanser has helped maintain my skins balance.After applying the cleanser, I massage it gently into my skin, focusing on my Tzone where oil tends to accumulate. This step is crucial as it helps to break down the dirt and oils that have built up overnight. Once Ive worked up a lather, I rinse my face thoroughly with lukewarm water. The sensation of the water washing away the cleanser and the grime of the previous day is incredibly satisfying.But washing my face isnt just about aesthetics its also about health. By removing the dirt and bacteria from my skin, Im reducing the risk of acneand other skin conditions. Moreover, a clean face allows my skin to breathe and regenerate, leading to a healthier complexion.Ive noticed that this simple act of washing my face has a psychological impact as well. Its a moment of mindfulness, a pause in the morning rush that helps me gather my thoughts and set my intentions for the day. Its a small act, but it sets the tone for my day and helps me feel more put together and ready to face whatever challenges come my way.Moreover, Ive found that washing my face has social implications too. A clean and wellgroomed appearance is often associated with professionalism and respect for others. Its a nonverbal way of communicating that you take care of yourself and, by extension, your responsibilities.In conclusion, washing my face is more than just a personal hygiene habit its a ritual that contributes to my overall wellbeing and selfimage. Its a small step that makes a big difference, and I encourage everyone to make it a part of their daily routine. Whether youre a high school student like me, or someone whos just looking to improve their daily habits, the benefits of a simple face wash are undeniable.。
节约用水的措施英语句子
节约用水的措施英语句子Water Conservation Measures: A Comprehensive Guide to Reduce Water Consumption.Water, a precious elixir of life, is essential for all living organisms. However, with the growing population and increasing urbanization, the demand for water is outpacing its availability. It is imperative to adopt water conservation measures to ensure the sustainable use of this vital resource. This comprehensive guide will provide anin-depth understanding of various water conservation techniques, ranging from simple behavioral changes to advanced technological solutions.1. Behavioral Changes for Water Conservation.a. Turn Off the Tap: This simple yet effective measure can save gallons of water every day. Turn off the faucet while brushing your teeth, shaving, washing dishes, or waiting for the water to warm up.b. Fix Leaky Faucets and Toilets: A dripping faucet can waste up to 20 gallons of water per day, and a runningtoilet can lose even more. Repairing these leaks promptly can significantly reduce water consumption.c. Take Shorter Showers: Showers account for a significant portion of household water use. Reducing shower time by just 5 minutes can save up to 30 gallons of water per shower.d. Water Your Lawn Wisely: Adjust your lawn sprinkler system to water only during early morning or late evening, when evaporation is minimized. Water deeply but less frequently to encourage deep root growth, making your lawn more drought-tolerant.e. Use Mulch in Your Garden: Mulch helps retain soil moisture, reducing the need for frequent watering. It also suppresses weeds, which compete with plants for water.2. Water-Efficient Appliances and Fixtures.a. Low-Flow Showerheads and Faucets: These devices are designed to reduce the flow of water without compromising effectiveness. They can save up to 50% of the water usedfor showers and faucets.b. High-Efficiency Washing Machines: These machines use less water and energy to clean clothes compared to traditional models. Look for Energy Star-rated washing machines for optimal efficiency.c. Dual-Flush Toilets: These toilets provide two flush options: a full flush for solid waste and a half-flush for liquid waste. This feature can save a significant amount of water, especially in commercial buildings.d. Aerators: Aerators mix air into the water flow, creating a more forceful stream without increasing water consumption. This can reduce water usage by up to 30% in faucets and showers.3. Advanced Water Conservation Technologies.a. Rainwater Harvesting Systems: These systems collect and store rainwater from rooftops and other surfaces. The collected water can be used for irrigation, toilet flushing, or other non-potable purposes.b. Graywater Reuse Systems: Graywater is the wastewater from sinks, showers, and washing machines that isrelatively clean. Graywater reuse systems treat and recycle this water for use in irrigation, laundry, or other non-portable applications.c. Smart Irrigation Controllers: These controllers use sensors to monitor soil moisture levels and adjustirrigation schedules accordingly. They can optimizewatering based on plant needs, saving water while maintaining healthy lawns and gardens.d. Leak Detection Systems: These systems use sensors to detect leaks in pipes and fixtures. They can alert homeowners of potential problems before they lead to significant water loss and damage.4. Water Conservation in Commercial and Industrial Settings.a. Cooling Towers: Cooling towers in commercial buildings and industrial facilities consume large amounts of water. Using evaporative cooling technology or dry coolers can significantly reduce water consumption in these systems.b. Water-Cooled Equipment: Equipment that uses waterfor cooling, such as air conditioners and generators, can be replaced with air-cooled alternatives or fitted with water-saving devices.c. Water Audits and Benchmarking: Conducting regular water audits can identify areas for improvement in water consumption. Benchmarking against industry standards can help businesses set realistic water conservation goals.5. Public Awareness and Education.a. Water Conservation Campaigns: Public awareness campaigns can educate consumers about the importance of water conservation and promote the adoption of water-saving practices.b. School Programs: Water conservation education should start at an early age. Incorporating water conservationinto school curricula can instill a lifelong appreciationfor water and its responsible use.c. Community Workshops: Workshops and seminars can provide practical tips and resources for residents toreduce their water consumption and protect this vital resource.Conclusion.Water conservation is not just a responsibility but a necessity. By implementing the measures outlined in this guide, individuals, communities, and businesses can contribute to the sustainable management of water resources. Every drop saved today ensures a brighter future wherewater is available for generations to come. Let us all strive to be water-wise and embrace a sustainable relationship with this precious gift of nature.。
浪费水 英语作文
浪费水英语作文英文回答：Water is a precious resource that we often take for granted. Wasting water not only harms the environment, but it can also lead to higher water bills and even water shortages.There are many ways to waste water, including:Leaving the water running while brushing your teeth or shaving。
Taking long showers or baths。
Watering your lawn too often or for too long。
Washing your car with a running hose。
Using a dishwasher or washing machine when it's notEven small amounts of water waste can add up over time. For example, if you leave the water running while brushing your teeth for just two minutes, you can waste up to two gallons of water.Here are some tips to help you save water:Turn off the water when you're not using it, such as when brushing your teeth or shaving.Take shorter showers or baths.Water your lawn only when it needs it, and use a sprinkler that delivers water directly to the roots of the grass.Wash your car with a bucket of water instead of a running hose.Use a dishwasher or washing machine only when it'sBy following these tips, you can help to conserve water and protect the environment.中文回答：浪费水是一种非常不好的行为，不仅对环境有害，还能导致水费增加，甚至出现水资源短缺。
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Getting your in-lawn sprinkler ready for winter
In some parts of the country in-ground irrigation
systems must be shut down for the coming winter
season.
In-lawn sprinkler systems need to be completely
drained to prevent the possibility of damage to the
system caused by freezing water in the heads, valves or
sprinkler lines.
As a homeowner you have two options; you can hire a contractor to do the job which will cost between $50 and $150 depending on the size of your system, or you can save some money and do it yourself. Regardless of who does it, it needs to be addressed before freezing temperatures arrive.
If you following these basic steps it will offer you assurance that your sprinkler system will operate efficiently when spring arrives.
Turn off the system
Sounds simple, but it's an easy step to forget. Switch the system to "off" or “rain” position and make sure that every valve is in the "on" position, to release any pressure in the pipes. Drain or flush the pipes
Getting water out of the pipes is crucial to avoiding leaks and malfunctions. Your system may have drain valves, or you may have to force the water out with compression. If you have questions, contact a professional service company.
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Jim Novak , Public Relations Manager 2 East Main Street, East Dundee, IL 60118 Tel: 847-649-5555 jnovak@ You can make sure your in-lawn sprinkler is ready to perform come spring by taking a few simple steps before winter arrives.
Check your system out in the spring
When winter is over, it's worth the time to make a quick inspection of your system. Are the heads broken or aimed incorrectly? Is the water pressure correct for your heads? Do you notice any areas that are too wet or too dry? Are you watering your yard or watering the street? A quick walk around the yard will help you keep your sprinkler system working at its best. Colorado State University Extension, Area Horticulture offers a helpful and detailed step-by-step guide entitled: “Home Sprinkler Systems: Preparing Your Sprinkler System for Winter” (no.
4.719) that will prove extremely helpful for the do-it-yourselfer.
You can view the CSU article at: /pubs/crops/04719.html
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