英语四级高频词汇17

collar[ˈkɑlər]n.衣领；环状物生活用法white collar/blue collar/pink collar 白领／蓝领／粉领shirt/fur collar 衬衫领子／毛领dog collar 狗脖套；牧师或其他神职员工带的领子collar sb. 逮捕常见考点collar主要作为名词来考查：People who do all the office work are called white-collar workers.所有做办公室工作的人都被称为白领。

<CET4 2013年16月>labor[ˈleɪbər]n. 劳工，劳动v. 辛苦工作adj. 劳动的生活用法labor force 劳动力Labor’s Day 劳动节in labor 临盆常见考点labor既是名词也是动词，名词形式比较常考：Physical labor, raw materials, and capital are no longer the key ingredients in the creation of wealth. ( n.)体力劳动，原材料和资本都不再是创造财富的关键要素。

<CET4 2008年6月>farmer[ˈfɑrmər]n.农民，农夫；农场主生活用法farmer's market 农贸集市farmland 农场farmer’s tan 穿短袖脖子上和袖子边长时间晒太阳后的分界线常见考点farmer变形：farm v. 种田，务农／n. 农场，畜牧场作为名词来考查：Farmers cultivate their farms with cows.农夫用牛耕田。

raise[reɪz]v. 养殖；养育；筹集（资金）；举起n. 加薪；提高生活用法raise the roof 高声喧哗You raise me up 你鼓舞了我（歌名）raise a few eyebrows 令人吃惊的Jemma's miniskirt raised a few eyebrows at the board meeting.杰玛穿超短裙去参加董事会会议，令众人惊讶不已。

raise your game 努力改进They're going to have to raise their game if they want to stay in the Premiership this season. 如果他们这个季度还想继续保留总理的职位，他们应该努力做得更出色些。

raise your hand against 打Never raise your hand to a child.什么时候也不要打孩子。

常见考点raise既是动词也是名词，作动词还有“抚养”的意思：Her parents died when she was a baby and she was raised by her grandparents. ( v.)她从小父母就去世了，是祖父母把她抚养大的。

She asked the boss for a raise. ( n.)她要求老板给她加薪。

nine[naɪn]num.九n.九个，九点钟生活用法nine-to-five job 朝九晚五的工作Nine 美国百老汇歌舞片Ninetales 九尾Ninewest 玖熙（品牌名）nine lives 九条命；大难不死的情况I cannot believe he survived from the car crash! He must have nine lives or something.不敢相信他居然经历了那场车祸后还能活着。

他一定有九条命之类的吧。

be on cloud nine 开心，高兴Ever since Mary got her promotion at work, she's been on cloud nine.自从玛丽升职后，她就一直非常开心。

常见考点nine作为数词来考查relax[rɪˈlæks]v.放松；休息；宽慰；放宽生活用法Relax. 放松，还可说Chillrelax one's hold on sb./sth. 放手，松开Never relax your hold on an alligator.永远不要松开握住鳄鱼的手。

relax into sth. 坐或者躺在某物里放松I want to go home and relax into my cozy chair.我想回家窝在我舒服的椅子里。

常见考点relax的变形：relaxation n. 放松，消遣relaxed adj. 松懈的，放松的，悠闲的relax oneself 放松自己If you relax or if something relaxes you, you feel more calm and less worried or tense.如果你放松或者什么让你放松，你就会感到平静，少很多担忧和紧张。

leading[ˈlidɪŋ]adj.领导的，重要的，主要的生活用法leading hand 有经验的／老手She is leading you on. 她在等你撩她The blind leading the blind. <俗语>问道于盲leading edge 尖端，前沿Scientists at the leading edge of cancer research处于癌症研究前沿的科学家们常见考点leading的变形：lead n. 领导，榜样／v. 领导，指挥／adj. 带头的，最重要的leading主要以形容词作为考点：He is now a leading surgeon at John’s Hopkins Medical School, and he’s also the author o f threebooks.他现在是霍普金斯医学院的顶尖外科医生，同时也是三本书的作者。

<CET4 2015年12月>private['praɪvət]adj.私人的，秘密的，私立的生活用法private doctor/dentist/eye 私人医生／牙医／侦探private 二等兵Saving Private Ryan 拯救大兵瑞恩（电影名）go private 企业私有化private conversation 私人对话private property 私有财产private education/ healthcare 私立教育／医疗保健常见考点常见搭配：in private 私下的private主要作为形容词来考查：Didn’t you see the private sign over there？你没有看见这个私人的标示吗？file[faɪl]n. 文件夹, 档案; 文件;vi. 把文件归档;vt. 把(文件等)归档;生活用法secret/confidential/personnel files 秘密／机密／人事档案access/copy/create/delete/download/save a file 获取／复制／建立／删除／下载／保存文件file box 档案盒，文件盒file a complaint 提出诉讼file for sth 提成申请X file X档案（美剧名）常见考点file既是动词也是名词，注意区分：The police filed charges against the two suspects. ( v.)警方对两名嫌疑犯提起了诉讼。

I keep your records on file for five years. ( n.)我把你的记录归档保存5年。

cop[kɑp]n.警察v.抓住；获得；偷窃生活用法cop 条子，警察cop out 逃避dirty/bent cop 黑警常见考点cop作为名词警察的意思来考查load[loʊd]n. 负载; 负荷; 工作量; 装载量; vi. 加载; 装载; 装货;vt. 使担负; 装载; 生活用法working load 工作负荷load capacity 负载能力，载重能力freeloader 蹭吃蹭喝的load 上膛loading... 加载中、缓存中...常见考点load的变形：loadable adj. 可受载的loaded adj. 负荷的load既是动词也是名词，注意区分：Do not load the film in bright light. ( v.)不要在光线亮的地方装胶卷。

The maximum load for this elevator is eight persons. ( n.)这部电梯的最大载客量为8人。

sack[sæk]n.袋，麻袋；开除v.开除，劫掠，掠夺生活用法sack bag 麻布袋；健身小包sleeping sack 睡袋a sack of potatoes/coal/flour 一袋马铃薯／煤／面粉sack lunch (packed lunch) 自带午餐get the sack 解雇They gave him the sack for being late.因为迟到，他们开除了他。

hit the sack 睡觉When did you hit the sack?你什么时候睡的觉？An empty sack cannot stand upright. 很穷或者很饿的人没办法正常行事Sit down and have something to eat before you go back to work. An empty sack can't stand upright.坐下吃点东西再回去工作，空沙袋可是没办法立起来的。

常见考点sack既是名词也是动词，注意区分：n. 布袋；洗劫The corn was stored in large sacks. ( n.)玉米装在大麻袋里。

v. 解雇，洗劫，把...装入袋The invaders sacked every village they passed on their route. ( v.)侵略者洗劫了他们途经的每个村庄。

topic[ˈtɑpɪk]n.话题，题目，主题生活用法off topic 偏题on topic 贴题Topic Chocolate Bar（巧克力棒品牌名）常见考点topic的变形：topical adj. 时下关注的topic作为名词来考查：Our discussion included topics such as acid rain and the melting of polar ice.我们的讨论涉及各种话题，例如酸雨和臭氧层空洞。