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大一英语专业-泛读教程一期末考试B卷

试卷代码：曲靖师范学院2010─2011学年第一学期英语专业、0312、0313班《阅读1》期末考试试卷(B 卷)任课教师：杨乐、李丹、闫凌系（室）主任：（签字）注意：1．本试卷共10页，请考生仔细检查，有错、漏、破烂及时报告监考教师更换。

2．考生班级、学号和姓名必须写在指定地点。

3．考试形式：闭卷，考试时间120分钟。

Part I Multiple Choices （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）Directions : There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 1. ________ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.A. Being publishedB. PublishedC. PublishingD. To be published2. Investigators agreed that passengers on the airliner ________ at the very moment of the crash. A. should have died B. must be dying C. must have died D. ought to die3. We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came ________ view. A. from B. in C. before D. into4. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, ________ was to be expected. A. that B. what C. so D. as5. The ________ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teachers.班级____________________ 学号____________________ 姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------------A. jointB. intensiveC. overallD. decisive6.________ the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countries have for many years not felt any population pressure.A. Thanks toB. By means ofC. In line withD. With regard to7. ________ I admire David as a poet, I do not like him as a man.A. Much asB. Only ifC. If onlyD. As much8. When I go out in the evening I use the bike ________ the car if I can.A. rather thanB. regardless ofC. in spite ofD. other than9. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ________ after 11 o’clock at night.A. were not playedB. not to playC. not be playedD. did not play10. ________ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. But forB. In case ofC. In spite ofD. Because of11. I have kept that portrait ________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.A. whichB. whereC. whetherD. when12. If I had remembered ________ the window, the thief would not have got in.A. to closeB. closingC. to have closedD. having closed13. It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ________ by about 10%.A. will have risenB. has risenC. will be risingD. has been rising14. In Africa, educational costs are very low for those who are ________ enough to get into universities.A. ambitiousB. fortunateC. aggressiveD.substantial15. She had a tense expression on her face, ________ she were expecting trouble.A. even thoughB. as thoughC. even asD. now that（阅读1）·第 3 页共 16 页Part II Word Match （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）Directions : Match the following words with their definitions within each group of five words.1. negotiation a. a group of people selected to do something special2. committee b. not simple; complicated3. tentative c. unpleasant4. Sophisticated d. discussion aimed at reaching an agreement5. offensive e. not certain6. conceive f. connect7. legal g. lack of what is needed 8. associate h. become pregnant 9. deficiency i. marvelous 10. spectacular j. allowed by law11. faithful k. almost; nearly; 12. virtually l. lonely13. alleviate m. true to somebody14. solitary n. make less hard to bear; relieve15. survey o. look at, examine (a person, place, or condition) as a wholePart III Sentence Completion （共10题，每题1分，共10分）Directions : Fill in each of the blanks with the given word in its proper form.1. I was so ________ at the sight of a snake crawling in the grass near my feet. (frighten)2. Lincoln had many of the qualities of _________ that American admire. (lead)3. The _______ power of an engine can be measured by a dynamometer. (effect)4. To run away at the first sight of danger is a _______ action. (coward)5. The medicine is ________ if taken in large quantities. (poison)6. The judge would give _______ to his decision when new evidence came to light. (consider)7. My father cannot read and write; he is _______. (literate)8. The boy's answer seemed to come from the _________. (conscious) 9. On that sea trip, he was quite _______ and threw up. (sick, sea)10. In the United States , a ________ is empowered to serve as president in the latter's absence or disability. (president)Part Ⅳ Cloze （共10空，每空1分，满分10分）Directions : In this part, there are ten blanks in the passage, choose one word for each blank from the list below. Write down the answer on the Answer sheet .logical playing birthday wonderful mental sense lived brother paid spend honest alone memory affect degreeSigmund Freud, the world-famous doctor of Vienna, was a thinker who changed the way we look at mental trouble. He also had a 1 of humor.Once, at his 70th birthday party, a relative asked Freud if he could put his work into simple words. “Well ,” said the Professor, “we take the patient out of his 2 trouble, and return him to the common misery.”Freud had three sisters. They had never married. They each 3 in a small apartment. Freud and his brother 4 the sisters ’ bills. The sisters lived simply. The brother asked Uncle Sigi, as Freud was called in his large family, if the sisters could live together. “It ’s班级____________________ 学号____________________ 姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------（阅读1）·第 5 页共 16 页logical,” said the 5 , “It would save money.”Freud said, “Yes, it ’s 6 , but it wouldn ’t be psychological.” The sisters kept their own apartments, and the idea was dropped.Freud was a devoted son. His mother used to 7 her summers in Ischl, a small mountain town in Austria. The Emperor Franz Josef used to spend his summers in Ischl, too.Grandma Freud, as she was called by the family, used to sit at the window and watch the crowds on Main Street. Freud was visiting his mother on her 95th birthday. The band was 8 _ a lively tune. The old lady ’s memory must have failed her. She heard the band playing, but forgot it was the Emperor ’s 9 . The Professor told his mother, “Mama, the band is playing for your birthday.” She believed him and had a 10 day.Part Ⅴ Reading Comprehension （共25小题，每小题2分，满分50分）Directions : There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:A fire drill is, to put it mildly, an inconvenient exercise at the best of times. A fire drill at 2:00 in the morning in terrible weather conditions, like the one we had on Thursday night and Friday morning last, is incomparably more inconvenient. This is why writing this note to thank you all most sincerely for your excellent co-operation and the spirit with which you endured the inconvenience.A fire drill is not an idle exercise. It is an extremely serious one and can, in fact, save lives in the long run. Last week’ f ire drill has already revealed a number of important things regarding班级____________________ 学号____________________ 姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------------fire precautions in the Hall. For instance, there seem to exit a number of “deaf spots” in the Hall, namely, the two rooms in Purser House and some rooms in the Bottom corridor. I have no reason to doubt that residents from these areas could not hear the alarm. I shall request an immediate examination of this problem.I should, also, remind you that it is a requirement that fire drills should be regularly carried out (at least two in every one year)and each resident should be made fully aware of this and obliged to take part. All residents must take fire precautions with the seriousness they deserve. Failure to do so can result bin fines and expulsion(驱逐)from the Hall. Thank you again for your co-operation.1. The last fire drill caused much more inconvenience because_________.A. it was in bad weatherB. there were “deaf spots”C. a big fire startedD. it was at the weekend2. The phrase “in the long run” (L.2, Part.2) means_________.A. effectivelyB. endlesslyC. eventuallyD. efficiently3. Some people did not make their appearance at the last drill because_______.A. they were deafB. they could not hear the alarmC. nobody waked them upD. they refused to leave their rooms4. A fire drill is extremely important according to the writer for_________.A. it is a good physical exerciseB. it cultivates people’s enduranceC. it is a legal requirementD. it can save lives in case of a fire5. Which of the following was NOT stated by the author?A. A fire drill is very important and useful.B. The last fire drill received inactive co-operation from the residents.C. Those who do not take fire precautions will be fined and driven out.D. It has been made a rule that fire drills will be performed regularly.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passageAccidents are caused; they don’t just happen. The reason may be easy to see: a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the misfortune—frustration, tiredness or just bad temper—that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.By definition, an accident is something you can not predict or avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditions make people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety precautions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are injured from work due to accidents. These accidents are largely the result of human error or misjudgment—noise and fatigue, boredom or worries are possible factors which contribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety level, run three times the normal risk of accidents at work.6. The passage suggests that________.A. Accidents are usually caused by psychological factors.B. Accidents mostly result from slippery roads.C. Drinkers run three times the normal risk of accidents in factories.D. About 50 000people lose their lives at work in Britain every day.（阅读1）·第7 页共16 页7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor of accidents?A. Mood.B. Tiredness.C. CarelessnessD. Weather8. The wo rd “accidents-prone” (L.2 Para.2) means________.A. likely to have accidentsB. injured in accidentsC. possible to die in accidentsD. responsible for road accidents9. What can we infer about the author’ opinion of accidents?A. Safety precautions are of little use in accidents.B. Many accidents can and should be avoided.C. Factory accidents, unlike road accidents, are inevitable.D. Most road accidents are caused by just a few careless drivers.10. The best title for the passage would be __________.A. Accidents and AnxietyB. How to Deal with Accidents on Road and in FactoriesC. Human Factors in AccidentsD. How to Prevent Accidents on Road and in FactoriesPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妆). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife’s right to receive a tenth of all her husband’s property. The wife had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband would make, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.The wife shared in the manage ment of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite班级____________________学号____________________姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------（阅读1）·第 9 页共 16 页was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.11. Originally, the purpose of a dowry is to ____.A. give a woman the right to receive all her husband’s propertyB. help a woman to enjoy a higher position in the familyC. protect a woman against the risk of desertionD. both A and C12. According to the passage, the legal status of the wife in marriage was ____. A. higher than that of a single woman B. higher than that of her husband C. lower than that of her husband D. the same as that of her husband13. Why does the author give us the example of Maria Vivas? ____A. To show that the wife shared in the management of her husband’s personal property.B. To show that the wife can defend her own inheritance.C. To prove that women have powerful position.D. To illustrate how women win her property.14. The compensation Maria Vivas got for the field is ____.班级____________________ 学号____________________ 姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------------A. some of the land Miro had inheritedB. a tenth of Miro’s landC. money for household expensesD. money from Miro’s inheritance15. The author’s attitude towards Maria Vivas is ____.A. sympatheticB. disapprovalC. indifferentD. objectivePassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Is language, like food, a basic human need? Judging from the result of the violent experiment by a German King, Frederick II, in the 13th century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no much violent deprivation exists as that by Frederick II. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to map up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.Linguists (语言学家) suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about Man’s brain compared wit h that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables achild to connect the sight and feel of , say, a teddy-bear(玩具熊)with the sound pattern “teddy-bear”.But speech has to be stimulated, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the ch ild, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling(牙牙学语), grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development language.16. Frederick II’s experiment was violent because_________.A. he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speakB. he ignored the importance of mothering to the infantC. he was unkind to the nurseD. he wanted his nurses to say no mother tongue17. The reason some children are backward in speaking today that_________.A. their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speakB. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help themC. they do not listen carefully to their mothersD. their brains have to absorb too much language at once.18. By “critical times” in Paragraph 3 the author means__________.A. difficult periods in the child’s l ifeB. moments when the child becomes critical to its motherC. important stages in the child’s developmentD. times when mothers often neglect their children19. Which of the following in NOT implied in the passage?A. Ability to learn to speak a language is inborn in manB. Children do not need to be encouraged to learn to speakC. Early language starters are not necessarily highly intelligent（阅读1）·第11 页共16 页D. Most children learn their language in definite stages20. If the mother does not respond to her child’s signa ls_________.A. the child will never be able to speak properlyB. the child will stop giving out signalsC. the child will invent a language of his ownD. the child will make little effort to speakPassage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Ask Steveland Morris and he’ll tell you that blindness is not necessarily disabling. Steveland was born prematurely and totally with sight in 1950. He became Steve Wonder ----- composer, singer, and pianist. The winner of ten Grammy awards, Stevie s widely acclaimed for his outstanding contributions to the music world.As a child, Stevie learned not to think about things he could not do, but to concentrate on the thing that he could do. His parents encouraged him to join his sighted brothers in as many activities as possible. They also help him to sharpen his sense of hearing, the sense upon which the visually disabled are so dependent.Because sound was so important to him, Stevie began at an early age to experiment with different kinds of sound. He would bang things together and then imitate the sound with his voice. Often relying on sound for entertainment , he sang, beat on toy drums, played a toy harmonica (口琴), and listened to the radio.Stevie soon graduated from toy instruments to real instruments. He first learned to play the drums. He then mastered the harmonica and the piano. He became a member of the junior church choir and the leading singer. In the evenings and on weekends, Stevie would play different instruments and sing popular rhythm and blues tunes on the front porches of neighbor’shomes.班级____________________学号____________________姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------（阅读1）·第 13 页共 16 页One of Stevie sessions was overhead by Ronnie White, a member of a popular singing group called The Miracles. Ronnie immediately recognized Stevie’s talent and took him to audition (试演) for Berry Gordy, the president of Hitsville USA, a large recoding company known as Motown. Stevie recorded his first smash hit “Fingertips” in 1962 at age 12, and the rest of Stevie’s story is music history.21. This passage could be entitled _____.A. The Music WorldB. Stevie WonderC. Great MusiciansD. Blind People22. Which of the following is NOT true about Stevie’s childhood? A. Stevie used to tell people that a blind people is not necessarily disabled. B. He learnt to concentrate on things that he could do.C. He played as often as possible with his brothers, who had normal sight.D. He tried very hard to train his sense of hearing.23. BY saying” Stevie soon graduated from toy instrument to real instruments,” the author means that _____.A. Stevie finished his study at a toy instruments schoolB. Stevie began to study in a real instruments schoolC. Stevie gave up all his toy instruments and began to buy many real instrumentsD. Stevie started to play real instruments24. The author mentions all the following facts EXCEPT that _____. A. Stevie’s neighbor could often enjoy his playing and singingB. It was Ronnie White that recognized Stevie’s talent and let him to a successful careerC. Berry Gordy helped him to set up his own recording companyD. Stevie’s parents played a very important part in training his sense of hearing 25. The “Fingertips” _______.班级____________________ 学号____________________ 姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------------A. recorded Stevie’s musical performance that won him instant fameB. was a record that turn out to be a great successC. carried the message that the blind could work miracles with their fingertipsD. all of the above（阅读1）·第 15 页共 16 页Answer SheetPart I Multiple Choices （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）1-5: _______________ 6-10: _______________ 11-15: _____________Part II Word Match （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）1-5: 6-10: 11-15:Part III Blank-filling （共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）1. _____________2. ___________3. ____________4. ___________5._____________6. ___________7. ____________8. ____________9. ____________ 10.___________Part Ⅳ Cloze （共10空，每空1分，满分10分）1. ________2. ________3. ________4. ________5. ________6. ________7. ________8. ________9. ________ 10. ________Part Ⅴ Reading Comprehension （共25小题，每小题2分，满分50分）1-5: ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 6-10: ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 11-15: _____ ______ ______ ______ ______16-20: _____ ______ ______ ______ ______21-25: _____ ______ ______ ______ ______班级____________________ 学号____________________ 姓名____________________ ----------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封----------------------------------------线--------------------------------。

英语专业大一泛读教程期中考试试卷

Mid-term Examination of Extensive Reading姓名：学号：I. Word match. [10×2=20]rationally stressful; requiring effort and energyconsolidate say more than the truth about somethingstrenuous regular; usualroutine in a way based on reason rather than emotions exaggerate strengthenaggressive something/somebody that takes the place of another distortion any of the things that are formed into a mixture cynicism twist; changing shapesubstitute ready for conflictingredient distrustII. Fill in each of the blanks with the given word in its proper form. [10×2=20]1. He complains that his wife often him. (understand)2. It is to his that he lacks initiative. (advantage)3. You will be able to overcome the difficulties if you do not lose in yourself. (confident)4. They made a plot to kidnap the little girl and then kill her when they got the money. (devil)5. The sudden of the fairy made the children in the cinema break into cheers. (appear)6. 45 is by 5. (divide)7. Although the black-and-white TV set is old-fashioned, it is still . (use)8. You must carry out your plan with . (determine)9. Before playing the new game, yourself with the rules. (familiar)10. She did not have to be so angry; I asked her name. (mere)III. Cloze [20×2=40]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; (1) ____, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (2) ____ to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (3) ____ they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (4) ____ certain signs, called letters, which could be (5) ____ to represent those sounds, and which could be (6) _____. Those sounds, whether spoken, (7) _____ written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their (8) ____ the things they bring up before our minds. Words become (9) ____ with meaning for us by experience; (10) _____ the longer we live, the more certain words (11) _____ to us the happy and sad events of our past: and the more we (12) ____, the more the number of words that meansomething to us (13) ____.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal (14) ____ to our minds and emotions. This (15) _____ and telling use of words is what we call (16) ____ style. Above all, the real poet is a master of (17) ____. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which (18) _____ their position and association can (19) ____ men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will (20) ____ our speech or writing silly and vulgar.(1) A. in addition B. in other words C. in a word D. in summary(2) A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movements(3) A. such that B. as that C. so that D. in that(4) A. in B. with C. of D. upon(5) A. spelt B. combined C. written D copied(6) A. written down B. handed down C. remembered D. observed(7) A. and B. yet C. also D. or(8) A. functions B. associations C. roles D. links(9) A. filled B. full C. live D. active(10) A. but B. or C. yet D. and(11) A. reappear B. recall C. remember D. recollect(12) A. read and think B. read and recall C. read and learn D. read and recite(13) A. raises B. increases C. improves D. emerges(14) A. intensively B. extensively C. broadly D. powerfully(15) A. charming B. academic C. conventional D. common(16) A. written B. spoken C. literary D. dramatic(17) A. signs B. words C. style D. sound(18) A. in B. on C. over D. by(19) A. move B. engage C. make D. force(20) A. transform B. change C. make D. convertIV. Reading Comprehension. [10×2=20]Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:What is science fiction? To begin with, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary sub-class which requires a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follow the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified, and expanded, and probably changed, in the course of this exploration, it conveys much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure.The first point—that science fiction is a literary sub-class—is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specially, science fiction is a sub-class of prose fiction, for nearly every piece of science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capek’s RUR (Rossum’s Universal Robots)being the only one that is well known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a sub-class of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic function in much the same way as prose fiction in general—that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man’s nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it are basically the same they would be for any other story or novel.1. Science fiction is called a literary sub-class because it ______.A) has limits of its ownB) cannot be made into a dramatic presentationC) is not important enough to be a literary formD) shares characteristics with other types of prose fiction2. Which of the following does NOT usually contribute to the theme in a piece of science fiction?A) Narrator. B) Setting. C) Rhyme. D) Plot.3. An appropriate title for the passage would be ______.A) On the Dramatic Features of Science FictionB) Toward a Definition of Science FictionC) Science Fiction vs Prose FictionD) The Themes of Prose Fiction4. The author’s definition suggests that all science fiction deals with ______.A) the unfamiliar or unusual conditionsB) the same topics addressed by novels and short storiesC) Karel Cape’s well-known hypothesisD) the conflict between science and fiction5. According to the passage, which of the following conclusions is true?A) Science fiction attracts us in much the same way a story or novel does.B) It is not possible to define science fiction in a clear way.C) Many people tried in vain to explain what science fiction is.D) Very often science fiction appears in such literary forms as drama and poetry.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming (到处走动) in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are willing to do what their masters require.All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless (倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.Even well-cared animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.6. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?A) There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.B) Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.C) In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.D) An animal will be useless unless trained.7. When an animal is hungry, it will probably _____.A) refuse to obey its masterB) immediately fall illC) require its master to offer some foodD) seek for food on its own8. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?A) They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.B) They have great adaptation for the environment.C) There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.D) The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world.9. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised _____.A) not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on itB) to pay attention to its proper feedingC) not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exerciseD) to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations10. Which of the following would be best title for this passage?A) Domesticated animals –man’s be st friendB) Proper diet – the road to healthC) The advantages of raising domestic animalsD) Some tips on pet-keeping。

大学英语专业泛读专业词汇

Hillbillies: the people who live in the Appalachian MountainsHillbilly music: the music which mixed British Isles’ folk music and the bluesCountry music: It’s another name of hillbilly music when it becomes popular, and are often sad stories of love and broken heartsGreat Depression: the greatest economic crisis happen first in America during the 1930sFolk songs: songs are like country songs but they are more traditional and more serious Woodie Guthrie: a folk song writer during the 1930sWe shall overcome: a name of an old folk song which the marchers sang for the purpose of changing the laws in the USBob Dylan: King of American folk musicJoan Baez: Queen of American folk musicAmerican teenagers: a new group of people which had a new way of dressing, new hairstyle and new dancesR&B (rhythm and blues): a dance music with a good beat, also called popular black musicRock and roll music: a music which had a strong dance beat and the musicians played electric guitars and were loud and fastSam Philips: the owner of Sun Record CompanyElvis Presley: the king of rock and rollPopular black music: a music which has a strong beat for dancingSoul music: it is the popular dance music called in the 1960s and was always dance music Disco: It is a kind of soul music often with Latin rhythms which was popular in the 1970s Michael Jackson: The king of popWhitney Houston: an American singer, actress, producer, and model. The most awarded female act and one of pop music's best-selling music artists of all timePrince: an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and actor.Tina Turner: a singer, dancer, actress, and author,Aretha Franklin: an American singer and musicianRap: a very skillful kind of fast street talk, with a strong rhythmRap music: a music which rap talking combined with musicRock music: a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the 1950sPunk or New Wave: a new kind of rock music which was loud and simple with a strong beat Walkman: something that people could take music with them in the 1970s and 1980sMTV: a new TV station started in 1981Heavy metal groups: a music team with their long hair and loud musicLive Aid: a video made by musicians to help solve world problemsJazz: the music of the American NegroErotica: one symphony which Beethoven originally called the “Bonaparte”but later renamed when he withdrew the dedication to NapoleonThe ‘Fifth’: a symphony which was inspired by man’s struggle against fateThe ’Pastoral’: a symphony which has five rather than four movementsThe ’Choral’: a symphony which uses a chorus in the last movement‘Moonlight’, ‘Pathetique’, ‘Appassionata’: some of his 32 piano sonatasSpirituals: religious songs which one line of musical development led to the creation ofBlues: the other produced songs that were not religious but worldlyA flattened third and a flattened seventh: two “blues” noteJazz: the form of music which the horns gave the players a flattened third and a flattened seventh Trumpets: it is one of the world’s oldest instruments and they are hollow tubes and all blown. (actually the leading member of an entire family of related instruments)Cornets, bugles, flugelhorns: instruments that are all similar to the trumpet in the way they are made and playedThe composer: a man of mystery.Erhu: it is a kind of violin (fiddle) with two strings which, together with zhonghu, gaohu, sihu, belongs to the “hupin” family.Hua Yanjun and Liu Tianhua: two famous artists who made an exceptional contribution to the improvement of the erhu.Sensuous level: the simplest way of listening to music, to listen for the pleasure of the musical soundThe sound appeal of music: a strong and primitive forceThe expressive level: to understand the meaning of a piece of musicThe musical level: music does exist in terms of the notes themselves and of other arrangementsThe Great Depression: It was a time of misery and human suffering in the 1930sMartin Luther King: he was an American civil rights leader who worked to bring about social, political and economic equality for African-Americans by peaceful meansThe Supreme Court decision: that the Alabama’s laws requiring segregation on buses were unconstitutional was a crucial landmarkThe Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: a group which Martin trained in the nonviolent method to desegregate lunch counters and restaurants.The most dangerous criminal: the man gifted with reason, but with no moralsColin L. Powell: Secretary of State who was nominated by President Bush on December 16, 2000 Booker T. Washington: the founder of Tuskegee InstituteWorld War I: a war that marked a turning point in African-American history by hastening the long-term process of black urbanization and institutional developmentCollege-educated blacks: which DuBois called them the Talented Tenth who mainly received academic rather than vocational training and were thereby better able to provide articulate political and cultural leadershipThe 369th Infantry Regiment: the first Allied regiment to reach the Rhine RiverAffirmative action: it means that those in charge of businesses, organizations, and institutions should take affirmative (positive) action to find minorities to fill jobsReverse discrimination: very qualified people sometimes do not get jobs when they are filled by people from a certain minorityDenzel Washington: a model of confidenceSt. Elsewhere: a new television showJesse Jackson: a black American who is one of the most dynamic forces for social and political action in America for the blackToni Morrison: an American author who was awarded the Noble Prize for Literature in 1993 George Wofford: a welderToni Cade Bambara and Gayl Jones: black authorsThe Bluest Eye: Morrison’s first novelShirley Temple: an American film and television actress, singer, dancer and public servant, most famous as Hollywood's number one box-office star from 1935 through 1938.Robert Goheen Professor of the Humanities: In 1898 Morrison was named this at Princeton UniversityParadise: Morrison’s first novel since the Nobel PrizeBeloved: Morrison’s novel that won the Pulitzer Prize in 1987, the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Noble Prize in 1993Nobel Prize: a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of categories by Swedish and Norwegian committees in recognition of academic, cultural and/or scientific advances. Love: Morrison’s eighth novelThe Black narrative: had always been understood to be a confrontation with some White people put sb. on the truck: to give up sb. or betray sb.Greek StoriesOrpheus: the first and greatest of musicians, son of ApolloEurydice: Orpheus’s wifeThe nymphs of the valley: Eurydice’s sistersThe Underworld: the Kingdom where the dead goes, also called HadesPluto: the king of the UnderworldProserpine: the queen of the UnderworldStyx: the river in the Underworld where the dead should passCerberus: the fierce three-headed dogArgus: Odysseus’s old hunting dogOrpheus’s music: the music that make people get rid of worry and griefSpringing flowers: flowers that are coming outThe land of the dead: also called the Underworld, Pluto’s realm or Hades where the dead goes Eros: the god of love, also called Cupid in Latin (son of Aphrodite by Ares)Argonautic expedition Medeia: the daughter of King Aietes, wife of the hero JasonApollo: the sun-god, the god of music and poetry, son of Zeus and LetoZeus: the god of sky and thunder and the ruler of the Olympians of Mount OlympusKing Midas: the ears of the judge ,his ability to turn everything he touched with his hand into gold.( This came to be called the Golden touch, or the Midas touch.)[Clytie: a fair maiden who loves Apollo, became a sunflower in the endHephaestus: Zeus’s son, the Greek god of blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors, metals, metallurgy, fire and volcanoes.[Pandora: a beautiful maiden out of clay by Hephaestus charming young lady, the first woman that ever lived who was named by Zeus and has two gifts which are harmful to men(the first human woman created by the gods, specifically by Hephaestus and Athena on the instructions of Zeus) Epimetheus: brother of Prometheus, the Titan from Greek mythologyNarcissus: a handsome youth who fell in love with himself madly and became a daffodil after he diedEcho: a wood nymph who loves Narcissus but she pined away and only her voice remainedDionysus: the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in Greek mythology.Poseidon: the lord of the sea, brother of Zeus, the Shaker of the EarthDemeter: the goddess of fertility, corn, grain, and the harvestAthens: a city also called Attica named by AthenaOdysseus: the king of the rocky island of Ithaca, where he lived with his wife Penelope and his son Telemachus (a legendary Greek king of Ithaca and a hero of Homer's epic poem the Odyssey.) Eumaeus: Odysseus's swineherd and friend, also an old servantExaminations:Objective examinations: exams that you are limited to selecting the right answer from a group of possible answers and you don’t write anything and you merely decide whether the answer A, B, C or D is correct.Standard exams: (TOFEL, English Proficiency Test, The Scholastic Aptitude Test and the Graduate Record Examination) exams that you are not expected to answer all of the questions or get a perfect score, these exams are corrected by machineSubjective (or Essay-type Examinations): exams that you are able to express your own opinions freely and interpret information in any way you wish and the teacher is able to evaluate the quality of your opinions and interpretations as well as the organization and logic of your presentationLawWorms and viruses: these terms crash networks, massive disruptions in communications and infrastructure systems, and billions of dollars of damagesThe Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section: a special section of the criminal division in the Department of Justice devoted to combating cybercrimeThe Groups of Eight Industrial Nations (the Councils of Europe): partnerships of the Department of JusticeThe InfraGard program: a unique partnership between the Department of Justice, businesses, academic institutions, and state and local law enforcement agencies, dedicated to increasing the security of the United States’ critical infrastructures.The Cybercitizen Partnership (Information Association of America Foundation): Partners of the Department to teach young people the right ways to use the Internet‘Cold water’, ‘hot water’, ‘hot iron’, ‘morsel’: four forms of ordeal which was a typical way of doing justice in the Middle AgesJ. Miller Leavy: head of the trials department of the Los Angeles District Attorney’s Office Lawyers(American English): also called barristers in the UK, they call the judge “My Lord” rather than “Your Honor” as the Americans do, wear black robes and small, curled, white wigs. Solicitor: a different kind of British lawyer to prepare the case when witnesses have made statements in writing which the barristers have examined and before they appeal in court the barrister almost never talks to his client or to the witnessesProbation: the person is given a suspended sentence and is set free to avoid a jail sentence Parole: allows people in prison to finish their terms in the outside world, to reduce the number ofinmates in the prisonsPretrial conference: the judge meets in his chambers with the persons and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trialCivil and criminal: two kinds of disputes which courts handleCivil laws: to do with the things people have a legal right to expect of one another1.Criminal law: a public matter, men are sent to jail fairly often in criminal cases, but onlyrarely in civil casesPlaintiff: the person who sues another in a civil casePleadings: the complaint, answer, and other similar papersDefendant: a person or entity accused of a crime in criminal prosecution or a person or entity against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil caseProsecutor: also called a district attorney, a person who prepares formal written charges (the chief legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the common law adversarial system, or the civil law inquisitorial system.)Indictment: the grand jury’s charge or accusation to the defendant of a crimeA grand jury: the witnesses of the prosecutorFelony: a serious crimeMisdemeanor: a less serious crimeArraignment: after the accusation is filed with the court, the defendant is called in with his lawyer to answer itWitnesses: people who know sth about the case from their own observationEvidence: including physical objects (rules of evidence govern the types of evidence that are admissible in a legal proceeding, types of legal evidence include testimony, documentary evidence, and physical evidence)Materiality: helpfulness in deciding the issueWitness’s “demeanor”: how he behaves on the witness stand, his tone of voice, his attitude Cross-examination: a way when the lawyer on the other side questions the same witnessDirect examination: a way when a lawyer asks questions of a witness whose answers will help his side of the caseThe court’s “charge” to the jury: after the jury has heard all the evidence, the judge instructs the jury and explains the law that applies in the case“verdict”: either guilty or not guilty in a criminal case, or an award of money as “damages” in a civil case( the formal finding of fact made by a jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge)Probation: on condition that he behave himself well in the future (probation only applies to community sentences (alternatives to incarceration), such as suspended sentences. In others, probation also includes supervision of those conditionally released from prison on paroleThe appeals: the arguments of lawyers on both sidesAffirm: means that a decision has been reviewed and found validReverse: To revoke a law, or to change a decision into its oppositeDismissed: to end the caseThe Supreme Court: the highest court of the countryGenerationAmerican Dream: a national ethos of the United States, a set of ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility for the family and children, achieved through hard work in a society with few barriers.HousingMobile homes: a prefabricated structure, built in a factory on a permanently attached chassis before being transported to site (either by being towed or on a trailer). Used as permanent homes, for holiday or temporary accommodation, they are left often permanently or semi-permanently in one place, but can be moved, and may be required to move from time to time for legal reasons ( drawn to the trailer park, water and electricity power connected, the television antenna raised, and the family is in residence, comfortable, easy to keep clean, easy to heat)。

黑龙江专升本考试英语专业精读泛读试题

黑龙江专升本考试英语专业精读泛读试题惠众教育网发布时间：2008-2-18 15:08:08 阅读次数：1931黑龙江专升本英语精读泛读试题（仅供个人复习参考，未经同意不得转载和做为商业用途）Part I Vocabulary and Structure ( 每小题1分，共15分)1.When I saw her again, she was weak and sick and grey ________ age.A. atB. overC. byD. with2.You seem to have something_________ your mind, why don’t you tell me?A. withB. inC. aboutD. on3.Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ______ or betterthan an actual performance.A. as good asB. as goodC. goodD. good as4.This is _________ to answer.A. rather a difficult questionB. the rather difficult questionC. rather difficult questionD. a question rather difficult5.I intended ________ the subject with you, but I was too busy then.A. having discussedB. to discussC. to have discussedD. discussing6. The president made a ________ speech at the opening ceremony of the sportsmeeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.A. vigorousB. tediousC. flatD. harsh7. The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were ________ and many houses collapsed.A. spoiledB. tornC. wreckedD. injured8. The energy _________ by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.A. transferredB. releasedC. deliveredD. conveyed9. Many people like white color as it is a _______ of purity.A. signB. symbolC. signalD. symptom10. Tom was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to ________ storming intothe boss’s office.A. prohibitB. turnC. preventD. avoid11. I’ll go to play football as soon as I _________ the composition.A. finishedB. will finishC. have finishedD. are finishing12. The factory_________ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.A. is promisedB. is promisingC. promisedD. has been promising13. You________ your books about.A.constantly leaveB. are constantly leavingC. constantly leftD. have constantly left14. Smith will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because_________.A. he must have a classB. he will be teaching a classC. he teaches a classD. he will have been teaching a class15. We ________ on the project by the end of next year.A. shall have finished to workB. shall finish to workC. shall have finished workingD. shall finish workingPart II Close (每小题1分，共10分)We arrived in Spain 16 the first time a few weeks ago, and I decided to buy a car because we had sold 17 we had in England before leaving. Yesterday the sales office rang us 18 the car was ready. I had tried out a model like it before but as I was not yet used 19 in this city, my wife did not want me to collect it on my own, 20 we went together to fetch it. We21 and signed the papers. They told us that there was enough petrol to take us toa garage, 22 we could fill up. The nearest garage to the office was 23 , and we got there safely. But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing 24 me. I got out of their way 25 as I could by backing into the garage once more and stopped there, I didn’t know what had happened.16. A. for B. on C. at D. in17. A. that B. which C. the one D. the other18. A. for saying B. to say C. and saying D. said19. A. for driving B. to driving C. in driving D. to drive20. A. such B. as C. so D. so as21. A. paid the car for B. paid the carC. paid to the carD. paid for the car22. A. where B. there C. which D. at that23. A. at 100 yards away B. about 100 yards awayC. at 100 yards farD. about 100 yards far24. A. for B. on C. over D. towards25. A. so fast B. such fast C. as fast D. fastPart III Identify the part that is incorrect and correct the mistakes.( 每小题1分，共5分)26. Those part-time students expected to offer some jobs on campus during theA B Ccoming summer vocation.D27. Beijing, “ The Gate to the World”, as it proudly calls itself ,is one offresh water is not the worst.32. Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground.33. Cancellation of the flight obliged many passengers to spend the night at theairport.34. These open-face coal mines are a great thereat to the environment.35. Agriculture was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was notanything comparable until our own machine age.Part V. Translate Chinese sentences into English. (每小题2分，共10分)36. 这个国家的每个公民，不论他是什么肤色，都有权居住在他想居住的地方。

英语专业大一泛读(刘乃银版)附加阅读练习(带答案)

Passage1(Unit1,BookI:Love.Shortstory.Family.Love)After21yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanouttodinnerandamovie.Shesaid,"Iloveyou,butIknowt hisotherwomanlovesyoutoo,andshewouldlovetospendsometimewithyou."TheotherwomanthatmywifewantedmetovisitwasmyMOTHER,whohasbeenawidowfor19years,butthedemandsofmyw orkandmythreechildrenhadmadeitpossibletovisitheronlyoccasionally.ThatnightIcalledtoinvitehertogooutfordinnerandamo vie."What'swrong,areyouwell?"sheasked.Mymotheristhetypeofwomanwhosuspectsthatalatenightcallorasurpriseinvitation isasignofbadnews."Ithoughtthatitwouldbepleasanttospendsometimewithyou,"Iresponded."Justthetwoofus."Shethoughtaboutitforamom ent,andthensaid,"Iwouldlikethatverymuch."ThatFridayafterwork,asIdroveovertopickherup,Iwasabitnervous.WhenIarrivedatherhouse,Inoticedthatshe,too,seeme dtobenervousaboutourdate.Shewaitedinthedoorwithhercoaton.ShehadcurledherhairandwaswearingthedressthatshehadworA.thememorabledatebetweenthemotherandthesonB.themother’srealizationofherlong-awaiteddreamC.theson’sloveforhismotherD.themother’sprideinherson3.Whenthemother tooktheauthor’sarmintotherestaurant,she__________.A.lookedliketheFirstLadyB.wastreatedliketheFirstLadyC.wasasimportantastheFirstLadyD.feltasproudasbeingtheFirstLady4.Whatdidthemothermainlytalkabouttotheauthorduringthedinner?A.Herlifeaftertheauthor’sm arriage.B.Herlifesincetheauthor’slastvisit.C.Hermemoryabouttheauthorasachild.D.Herexpectationaboutfuturereunions.5.Themotherinsistedoninvitingtheauthortodinnerbecause__________.A.shewasgoingtodiesoonB.shewantedtoshowherloveC.shedidnotexpecttheheartattackD.sheintendedtothankhimandhiswife6.Thepassageintendstoteachushowtocherish__________.A.ourparentssecond’sgmayprobedeepandaddtomyunderstandingofhowpeopleworkandlive.Myheartisfulloftheimagesofpeopleandthings.Myeyep asseslightlyovernosingletrifle;itstrivestotouchandholdcloselyeachthingitsgazerestsupon.Somesightsarepleasant,fillingtheh eartwithhappiness;butsomearemiserablypathetic.TotheselatterIdonotshutmyeyes,forthey,too,arepartoflife.Toclosetheeyeo nthemistoclosetheheartandmind.Mythirddayofsightisdrawingtoanend.PerhapstherearemanyseriouspursuitstowhichIshoulddevotethefewremainingho urs,butIamafraidthatontheeveningofthatlastdayIshouldagainrunawaytothetheater,toahilariouslyfunnyplay,sothatImightapp reciatetheovertonesofcomedyinthehumanspirit.1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theauthorisamazedatseeing__________.A.thehousesB.thebridgeC.theboatsD.theriver2.TheauthormostprobablythinksthattheNewYorkersare__________the“glitteringspires”.A.scornfulofB.overwhelmedbyC.indifferenttoD.knowledgeableabout3.Whentheauthorseesthepassers-by,shewouldliketo__________.A.sharetheiremotionsB.showsympathytothemC.enjoythesamelifestylesFlemingfilledoutthe12yearsofBondwithgreatadventurejournalism.Eveninstorieswhichhadlittleactionorpayoff,suchas hisshortnon-fictionbook,TheDiamondSmugglers,the"Fleming-flair"ensuredexcitingreading.Hewrotethe"Atticus"columnf ortheSundayTimes,provingawonderfulconduitforinsideintelligenceinformation,andcleverrebukes.Regardlessofbooksalesorfamilyobligations,Flemingmanagedtolivethelifehewanted.Astheyearspassed,hispassionforg olfingincreasedsohetookmoretimewithit.Fleming'slong-termfascinationwithAmericagrew,sohetraveledtheremoreoften.IanFleming'sfulllifecaughtupwithhimthroughhisheart.Itmaybethatyearsofdrinkingandsmokingtooktheirtoll,orthatthe butter-richcookingFleminglovedwastheculprit.Ormaybeitwasjustgenetics.Whateverthecause,Fleming'shealthdeclinedinth elate1950s.ThisplusanxietiesinthemarriageincreasedFleming'sdepression.WiththesuccessofBond,theworldcameknockinga tFleming'sdoor,andhehadahardertimeshuttingthoseoutthathedidnotwantinhislife.Nonetheless,Flemingfoughttheloosingbattleofhisweakeningheartbythrowingmorefuelonthefire.Hecontinuedtodrinkandsmoke,makingsomeexcusesbutnotmany.Hewrotebookshewantedtoread,andtraveledtheworldwithstyleandauthority.Byth istime,Fleminghadalreadyearnedhisownfortune,createdhisownidentity,andruledhisownliteraryempire.1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,FlemingacceptedthejobofferedbyKemsleynewspaper__________.A.andhadtogiveuphisyearlyholidayplantoJamaicaB.becausehewasofferedtoworkinJamaicaeverywinterC.sothathewouldn’th avetolookforemploymentelsewhereD.onconditionthathetooktwomonthsofftoJamaicaeveryyear2.Whenhebeganwriting,Flemingneverexpectedthat__________.A.hewouldchangepopularcultureB.hecouldgetoverthepressureC.Annewouldhaveadivorce3.FlemiAnotherrecentexperimenthintsthatmonkeysexperienceregretwhentheymakethewrongchoice:Researcherssaybrainsca nssuggesttheanimalswerehaving"could’ve,would’ve,should’ve"thoughts."Iknewmonkeysweresmart,butIdidn'tthinktheywerethatsmart,"saysMichaelPlatt,PhD,theDukeUniversityneurobiolog istwholedthestudy.ButperhapsnoanimalhasdonemoretochallengeconventionalnotionsthanAlex,anAfricangrayparrot,a30-yearresearchsu bjectforscientistIrenePepperberg,PhD.Hewasconstantlybeingtested;whenhewastiredofit,hewouldtellPepperberg,"Wannag oback"-tohiscage.Iftherequestannoyedher,Alexwouldsay,"Sorry."Oneafternoon,heshowedanapparentgraspofsomethingonl yhumansandafewapeshadbeenknowntounderstand:thenotionofzero.Pepperberghadatrayofdifferent-coloredballs;ingtheirshorthand,sheasked,"What colorsix?Whatcolortwo?"Bored,Alexthrewtheballsonthefloorinstead.Then,finally,hesaid,"Five."Andrepeatedit:"Five.Five."Therewerenofiveofanythingonthetray.SoPepperbergasked,"Okay,smarty,whatcolorfive?"Alexsaid,"None."Notonlyhadthebirdfiguredoutanabstractmathematicalconcept,hehadmanipulatedPepperbergintoaskingthequestionsoh ecouldproveit."Inearlydroppedthetray,"shesays.1.Whichofthefollowingkindsofscrubjaysare“surprisinglycunning”?A.Thosethatwerestolenoftheirfood.B.Thosethatlearnedfromparentstosteal.C.Thosethatstoleotherbirdsoftheirfood.D.Thosethatobservedotherbirdssteal.2.The"could’ve,would’ve,should’ve"thoughtsindicatethatmonkeyscould__________.A.feelregretfulB.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.4.A.B.C.D.5.A.B.C.D.school.here—thelostbattles,thedraft,theordersofthecommandingofficer—andIthoughttomyself,withoutstopping:“Whatcanbethem atternow?”Then,asIhurriedbyasfastasIcouldgo,theblacksmith,Wachter,whowasthere,withhisapprentice,readingthebulletin,called afterme:“Don’tgosofast,boy;you’llgettoyourschoolinplentyoftime!”Ithoughthewasmakingfunofme,andreachedMr.Hamel’slittlegardenalloutofbreath.Usually,whenschoolbegan,therewasagreatbustle,whichcouldbeheardoutinthestreet,theopeningandclosingofdesks,less onsrepeatedinunison,veryloud,withourhandsoverourearstounderstandbetter,andtheteacher’sgreatrulerrappingonthetable.B utnowitwasallsostill!Ihadcountedonthecommotiontogettomydeskwithoutbeingseen;but,ofcourse,thatdayeverythinghadtob easquietasSundaymorning.ThroughthewindowIsawmyclassmates,alreadyintheirplaces,andMr.Hamelwalkingupanddown withhisterribleironrulerunderhisarm.Ihadtoopenthedoorandgoinbeforeeverybody.YoucanimaginehowIblushedandhowfrightenedIwas.Butnothinghappened.Mr.Hamelsawmeandsa idverykindly:“Gotoyourplacequickly,littleFranz.Wewerebeginningwitho utyou.”Ijumpedoverthebenchandsatdownatmydesk.Nottillthen,whenIhadgotalittleovermyfright,didIseethatourteacherhadon hisbeautifulgreencoat,hisfrilledshirt,andthelittleblacksilkcap,allembroidered,thatheneverworeexceptoninspectionandprize days.Besides,thewholeschoolseemedsostrangeandsolemn.Butthethingthatsurprisedmemostwastosee,onthebackbenchestha twerealwaysempty,thevillagepeoplesittingquietlylikeourselves;oldHauser,withhisthree-corneredhat,theformermayor,thefo rmerpostmaster,andseveralothersbesides.Everybodylookedsad;andHauserhadbroughtanoldprimer,tornattheedges,andhehe lditopenonhiskneeswithhisgreatspectacleslyingacrossthepages.WhileIwaswonderingaboutitall,Mr.Hamelmountedhischair,and,inthesamegraveandgentletonewhichhehadusedtome,s aid:“Mychildren,thisisthelastlessonIshallgiveyou.TheorderhascomefromBerlintoteachonlyGermanintheschoolsofAlsaceaD.Hecamefortheschoolopenday.Passage6(Unit6,BookI:Fool’sParadise.Fable)InthesouthofSpain,therewasasmallvillagewhosepeoplewereveryjoyfulandlucky.Thechildrenplayedundertheshadeoftr eesinthegardensoftheirhome.AshepherdboywhosenamewasNasir,stayednearthevillagewithhisfather,motherandgrandmoth er.Earlymorningeachday,hetakeshisherdofgoatsupthehillstofindasuitableplaceforthemtograze.Intheafternoonhewouldretur nwiththemtothevillage.Atnighthisgrandmotherwouldtellhimastory.Asusual,ononeofthesedays,asNasirwaswatchinghisherd andplayinghisflutehesuddenlysawawonderfullightbehindtheflowerbush.Whenhecametowardsthebrancheshesawatranspar entandmostbeautifulcrystalball.Thecrystalballwasglitteringlikeacolorfulrainbow.Nasircarefullytookitinhishandandturneditaround.Withsurprisesudde nlyheheardaweakvoicecomingfromthecrystalball.Itsaid;"YoucanmakeawishthatyourheartdesiresandIwillfulfillit."Nasircouldnotbelievethathehadactuallyheardavoice.Buthebecamesoengrossedinhisthoughtsforhehadsomanywishesbuthemustwis hforsomethingwhichwasimpossiblelikethewishtobeabletofly.Hesaidtohimself,ifIwaittilltomorrowIwillremembermanythin gs.Heputthecrystalballinabagandgatheredtheherd,happilyreturnedbacktothevillage.Hedecidedthathewouldnottellanyoneab outthecrystalball.Onthefollowingdayalso,Nasircouldnotdecidewhattowishfor,becausehereallyhadeverythingheneeded.Thedayspassedasusual,andNasirappearedtobeverycheerfulthatthepeoplearoundhimwereamazedtoseehischeerfuldisp osition.OnedayaboyfollowedNasirandhisherdandhidbehindatree.Nasirasusualsatinonecorner,tookoutthecrystalballandfora fewmomentslookedatit.TheboywaitedforthemomentwhenNasirwouldgotosleep.Thenhetookthecrystalballandranaway.Wh enhearrivedinthevillage,hecalledallthepeopleandshowedthemthecrystalball.Thecitizensofthatvillagetookthecrystalballinth eirhandandturneditaroundwithsurprise.Suddenlytheyheardavoicefrominsidethecrystalball,whichsays,"Icanfulfillyourwish ."Onepersontooktheballandscreamed,"Iwantonebagfullofgold."Anothertooktheballandsaidloudly,"Iwanttwochestsfullofje welry."ge.A.provethatNasirwashidingsomethinggoodB.taketheballandsharewiththevillagersC.findoutwhyNasirwascheerfulD.stealtheballwhenNasirslept4.“Nasirandhisfamilywerehappyandpleased”because__________.A.onlytheirfamilyhadagardenB.theirlifewasnotdisturbedbytheballC.theysawthetroublecausedbytheballD.theyonlywishedforahappylife5.Thestorymaywellillustratetheproverb“__________”.A.Acontentedmindisacontinualfeast.B.Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.C.Everyadvantagehasitsdisadvantage.D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Passage7(Unit7,BookI:TheCalloftheWild.Novel.Classical.)215FERGUSSENHALL24thSeptemberDearKind-Trustee-Who-Sends-Orphans-to-College,HereIam!Itravelledyesterdayforfourhoursinatrain.It'safunnysensation,isn'tit?Ineverrodeinonebefore.Collegeisthebiggest,mostbewilderingplace--IgetlostwheneverIleavemyroom.IwillwriteyouadescriptionlaterwhenI'mfC.shecouldneverfindthewaytoherroomD.shehadnevertraveledonatrainbefore2.Jerushathoughtthatshecouldn’tbeveryrespectfulto“JohnSmith”because__________.A.hewasatotalstrangertoherB.shewassureitwasafakeidentityC.thenamewasnotdistinctiveenoughD.nobodywouldliketobecalledthatname3.AccordingtoJerusha,knowingaboutthetrustee’sbeingrichwas__________.A.superficialB.unimaginableC.rumorousD.insulting4.Thefactthatherday“isdividedintosectionsbybells”makesJerushafeel__________.A.asbusyasafirehorseB.restrictedbyrulesC.pressedfortimeD.fullofvitality5.JerushadecidedtocallthetrusteeDearDaddy-Long-Legs__________.A.inordertoshowherrespectforhimB.becauseitwasoneofhisinternalqualitiesC.inordertomakethemfeelclosertoeachotherng,anSothenexttimeyouhavetheurgetoaskmeifyoucanapprovecopy,ortellmysalesteamthatyouwillnottakeanadunlessyouare guaranteededitorial,remembertheaboveandthinkaboutwhatyouareactuallydoing.Youareaskingmetocompromisemyethics,c redibility,reputation,integrityand–ultimately–mycareerandIwillnotdothat–foryouoranyone.1.Theauthorsuggeststhatcorporatemessageshouldbesenttotheconsumersprimarilyby__________.mittingtoadvertisingB.improvingproductqualityC.spreadingpublicpraiseD.attractingmorereaders2.Accordingtotheauthor,jargonandmarketingwaffleare__________.A.irrelevantB.unintelligibleC.professionalD.monotonous3.Theauthorwritesmostprobablyinordertochieflysatisfy__________.A.hisdesireB.theeditorsC.themediaD.hisreaders4.Whentheauthorrefusestotaketheclients’quotes,hedoesn’texpectthemtothink__________.A.thatheisbeingblackmailedB.itisbecausetheyhavetakenanadmostnotably-portr ol—plorationofthespecialcolorsymbolismvanGoghattachedtothecolorblue.Unlikeoureverydayassociationofbluewithmelanchol yorboredom,theartistimaginedblueasasymbolfortheinfiniteorthelimitless.Suchaviewcallsintoquestiontheideathatself-portr aitssuchasvanGogh’s Self-PortraitwithStrawHat(1887)wereapsychologicalprofileoftheartist’smelancholyordespair.Instead ,whenweconsiderblue’sspecialsymbolicroleastheinfiniteinvanGogh’sParisself-portraits,wediscoveranewnarrativedescribi ngthepainter’sownaesthet ic:hisinsistencethatthefutureofartlayinexpressiveratherthanrealisticmethods.1.WhatdoesJamesRisserthinkofvanGogh’sself-portraits?A.Differentself-portraitsrepresentvanGogh’sdifferentattitudetowardslife.B.Manyofhisself-portraitshavebeenneglectedbycritics.C.VanGoghsoughtforidentitythroughallhisself-portraits.D.V anGoghexpressedhiswearinessoftheworldinmostofhisself-portraits.2.WhichdescriptionismentionedinthesecondparagraphaboutvanGogh’sSelf-portraitwithaStrawHat?A.Thepaintingisnotwelldone.B.Thepaintingmainlyusedgray.C.Thepainterusedbluebuteraseditlater.D.Theportraitshowedadepressedemotion.3.Whofeltthattheself-portraitshowed“anunfinishedlife”?A.V anGoghhimself.B.Risser’sopponents.C.Theauthor.D.JamesRisser.4.AccordingtoRichardKendallandT.J.Shackelford,theSelf-portraitwithaStrawHatmaynothaveanythingtodowith_________ _.avealsoanunknownorigin.Onesurefactisthatthewearingofthekilthasbeendevelopedinthe19thcenturyduringthereignofQueen Victoria.Ithadbeencreatedforsomerationalreasons:menwhoworeitcouldmakeveryquickmoves,wadethroughriversandshelte rinhuts,woodsandrocks,etc.Thereisaquestionwhichwillalwayslingernexttotheword‘kilt’andthatis:Dopeoplewhowearkiltshaveunderwearornot?E venthoughtherearelotsofpeoplewhoconsiderthisimmoral,thetraditionsaysthatunderwearshouldnotbepresentifoneisdressedi nakilt,theonlyexceptionbeingtheparticipationtosomesportivegamesandthepresenceofwomen.Inthe50’s,soldierswereverifie diftheyworeunderwearbytheirsergeantswhousedalongstickthathadinthetopamirror.OthertworeasonsforwhichScotlandisfamousareitstraditionalfoodandofcourse,whisky.Noonecouldarguethattraditional Scottishcookinghasproducedoneofthegreatcuisinesoftheworld.Thequalityoftheingredientshasalwaysbeenexcellent:theworruitincludingraspberries,strawberriesandblackberriesandahostoflocallyproducedtypesofcheese,includingcheddarfromAyrs hireandGalloway.Thenationaldishisthehaggis,atypeoffoodthatcombinesmuttonwithotheringredientsandwhichisservedwith turnipandpotatoes.WhiskyhasbeenproducedinScotlandforhundredsofyears.ItiswellknownthattheIrishcreatedthisalcoholicdrink,buttheSc otsweretheoneswhobroughtittotheformthatwedrinktoday.Whiskyreferstoabroadcategoryofalcoholicbeveragesthataredistill edfromgrainsandagedinoakcasks.Thenamemeanswateroflife.1.EmperorNerowasmentionedtoillustrate__________.A.thelegendaryoriginofbagpipesB.therelationbetweenbagpipesandMinorAsiaC.thehigherimportanceofbagpipesoverfiddlesD.theculturalsignificanceofbagpipesThetraditionalAmericanfamilyisa“nuclearfamily”.Anuclearfamilyreferstoahusbandandwifeandtheirchildren.Theave rageAmericanfamilytodayhastwoorthreechildren(andmaybeafewpets).Insomecultures,peopleliveclosetotheirextendedfam ily.Severalgenerationsmayevenlivetogether.InAmerica,onlyinafewcasesdoesmorethanonehouseholdliveunderoneroof.Americanvaluesreceiveawarmwelcomeinthehome.Manyhomesarerunlikeademocracy.Eachfamilymembercanhavea say.AsenseofequalityoftenexistsinAmericanhomes.InsteadoffearingMomandDad,childrenmaythinkofthemasgoodfriends. Husbandsandwivesoftensharehouseholdchores.Inmanycases,achildcanenjoyprivacyinhisorherownbedroom.Fromanearlya ge,childrengainresponsibilityinhandlingmoney.Theymayreceiveaweeklyallowanceorevenworkpart-timejobs.Oftenparents givechildrenfreedomtomaketheirowndecisions.Preschoolerschoosewhatclothestowearorwhichtoystobuy.Youngadultsgene rallymaketheirownchoicesaboutwhatcareertopursueandwhomtomarry.ricanhomes.OverhalfofU.S.marriagesnowendindivorce.MorethanoneinfourAmericanchildrenisgrowingupinsingle-parent homes.Asaresult,manypeoplebelievetheAmericanfamilyisintrouble.Evenso,thereisstillreasonforhope.Manyorganizationsareworkinghardtostrengthenfamilies.Americansalmostunanim ouslybelievethatthefamilyisoneofthemostimportantpartsoflife.Thevastmajorityalsofeelthatthetraditionaltwo-parentfamilyi sbestforchildren.Theyrealizethatproblemsinfamilylifeinrecentyearshavebroughtaboutseriousconsequences.Asaresult,more andmorepeoplearemakingtheirfamilyapriority.Manywomenarequittingtheirjobstostayhomewiththeirchildren.Familiesareg oingonvacationsandoutingstogether.Husbandsandwivesaremakingaconcentratedefforttokeeptheirmarriagessolid.TheUnitedNationshasdeclared1994the“InternationalYearoftheFamily”.Notjustin America,butallovertheworld,peopl erecognizetheimportanceofstrongfamilies.Howdoyoustrengthenthefamilybond?Dospecialthingsforeachother.Talktoeachot her.Playtogether.Spendtimetogether.Oh,andonemorething:bethankfulforeachother.Ifyouhaveafamily,everydayshouldbeTh anksgiving.Passage12(Unit12,BookI:rmational.MinorityandDisadvantagedgroup) Thelevelofdiscriminationhasvariedenormouslyinthehistoryofhumansocieties,fromgenocidewhereethnicsarekilledofft hroughexpulsionand,whentheseextremeformsofdiscriminationarenotpossible,throughsegregationinaghettoandanarrowran geofjobs.Onetypeofethnicminorityislowerclass.Heredisproportionatenumbersofapopulationareisolatedinslumhousingtractsand pushedintothelowest-payingoccupationssuchthattheyareinthepovertyclassesofasociety.African-Americanshavesufferedthi sfateintheUnitedStates.Anothertypeofethnicminoritycreatedbydiscriminationisthemiddlemanminoritywheremembersares egregatedbut,atthesametime,allowedtooccupyanarrowrangeofentrepreneurialandprofessionaleconomicpositionswhichgiv ethemsomeaffluence.Forexample,JewsinfeudalandearlymodernEuropeoftenoccupiedhighpositionsinbankingandfinance;aWhatdetermineswhichtypeofaminorityanethnicpopulationwillbecome?Oneimportantconditionistheresources–money ,entrepreneurialknow-how,educationalcredentials–thatapopulationcanmobilize.Whenethnicshavesomeresources,theycan morereadilymoveintointermediaryminoritypositionsandliveamoremiddle-classlifestyle.Butresourcesarenottheonlyfactor;a notheristheabsolutesizeofanethnicpopulation.Asmallminoritywithresourcescanmoreeasilyfindintermediarynichesthanalar geone,forthesimplereasonthattherearenotenoughsmall-businesspositionsforalargepopulation.Alargeethnicpopulationwill,t herefore,bepushedtolowernichesespeciallyiftheirresourcesarelimitedand,asaresult,theirabilitytofightoffdiscriminationislo w.African-Americanshavesufferedthisfate:Theyaretoolargeagrouptofillmiddlemenminoritypositions,andtheyhaveinsuffici entresourcestoovercomediscrimination.Indeed,whatoftenhappensisthatmembersofalargeminoritywhocanmobilizeresource s–say,educationalcredentials–moveintomiddle-classpositions,leavingbehindtheirfellowethnics.Forexample,manyblacksin Americahavemadedramaticstridesinmovingtothemiddle-classesinthepost-CivilRightsera,butthefateofthevastmajorityofbla cksinthelowerclasseshasremainedthesame,orworsenedoverthelasttwenty-fiveyears.BlackAmericaitselfisthusdividedbylarD.Theseverityofdiscrimination.Passage13(Unit13,BookI:cation)Whentheyadviseyourkidsto“getaneducation”ifyouwanttoraiseyourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreall ymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnottoomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyou rsociety.Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youareoccupationallydead,unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernard ShaworThomasAlvaEdisonandyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-handtruckdriversearnmoreayearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaveragesalaryforthosetr uckerswas$24,000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoaveragejust$23,930.quicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,youarefacingadimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderempl oyedinthiscountrythaninanyotherpartoftheworldbyfar.IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryoranthropolog yorpoliticalscienceorlanguagesor–worstofall–inphilosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournationaldemand s.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcabs,waitingontablesandfillingoutfruitlessapplicationsmonthaftermonth. Andthenmaybetakingajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegethatpaysmuchlessthanthejanitorearns.Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducationonlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnatio nalproduct,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.1.BymentioningBernardShawandThomasEdison,theauthormeanstosupporttheideathat__________.A.one’schancetosucceedhasnothingtodowitheducationB.manytalentedpeoplebecomesuccessfulwithouteducationC.D.2.A.B.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.4.A.B.C.D.5.A.B.C.D.elastfiveweeksorsohavebeenparticularlybusy,andthelasttwobeforeamajorvoteespeciallyso.Mostorganizers,underthepressure,resorttobadcopingmechanismslikeovereating,smoking,ordrinkingtoomuch.It'ssoea sytothinkthataquickfixlikethatwillmakeyoufeelbetter,wheninthelongrunitmakesyoufeelworse.Ifoundthatkeepinglowcalori ereallyhelpedmemaintainmymentalfocusinthelastdays.There'ssomethingabouteatingjustonthelightersideofwhatIreallynee dthatmakesmecalmerandsharper.Planningisreallythekey.WemadetheappetizingmuffinsovertheJuly4thweekend,andtheywerereallyahealth-saverinthese lasttwoweeks.Beingabletopulla275caloriepackageofperfectlyzonedyumminessoutofthefreezer,engineeredtohave27%ofthe RDA(Recommendeddailyallowance)ofeverything,madegrabbinghealthyfoodinahurryeasy.Ihadappetizingmuffinsforbreak fastsonmostdayswithsuchtoppingsashotsauce,mustard,andfatfreecreamcheese.Ireallyenjoythislittlebread,soIfeltlikeIwasfeitionalpunchalongwithpumpkinseedsforzincandfatandeggwhitesforprotein,Ihadlunchestakencareof.AndIwasluckyenought obeworkinginaplacethathasaconvenientSubway,soSubwaysaladsandlowcarbwrapswerealwaysavailable.Subwaycanreally beablessingtothehealthconsciousontherun.Thegoodnewsis:WEWON!!!Andwewonbig.272votesforus,128fortheotherunion,andonly19fornounionatall.Itwasafig htupuntiltheend,includingthreatsofviolencefromtheotherunion.Don'tworry,MommiesandDaddiesoutthere.Iwasverycareful nevertobealoneanywhere,Iambeingextracautious.Ourleadersinsidethehospitalwereunderatonofpressureastheygotattackedb ybothmanagementandtheotherunion,butsomanyoftheirco-workersweresupportivethattheyheldupbeautifully.Nowtheyfinall yhaveachancetonegotiateacontractthatgetsthemthekindofsalaries,benefitsandworkingconditionstheydeserve.It'sabouttime.I'mofftoameetingtoplannextsteps...thefunneverends!1.Inordertostayhealthywhileworkingbusily,theauthorsuggeststhat__________.A.weshouldworknomorethanfortyhoursaweekonthlymagazine,FMR,intheUnitedStates.OnceagaintheskepticsaremurmuringthatthesuccessfulRiccihasheadedforabigfall. AndonceagainRicciintendstoprovethemwrong.Ricciissoconfidentthathehaschristenedhisquest“OperationColumbus”andhassethissightsondiscoveringanAmericanre adershipof300,000.Thatgoalmaynotbetoofar-fetched.TheItalianeditionofFMR–theinitials,ofcourse,standforFrancoMariaR icci–isonly18monthsold.Butitisalreadythesecondlargestartmagazineintheworld,withacirculationof65,000andaprofitmargin ofUS$500,000.TheAmericaneditionwillbepatternedaftertheItalianversion,witheach160-pageissuecarryingonly40pagesofa dsandnomorethanfivearticles.Butthecontentswilloftendiffer.TheEnglish-languageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks, Riccisays,tohelpAmericansgetover“aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart.”Healsohopesthatthemagazinewillbecomeavehiclef oratwo-wayculturalexchange–whathelikestothinkofasamarriageofbrains,cultureandtastefrombothsidesoftheAtlantic.ne-publishinghistory.BetweenNovemberandJanuary,eightjumbojetswillfly8millioncopiesofasample16-pageeditionofFMR acrosstheAtlantic.FromawarehouseinMichigan,6.5millioncopieswillbemailedtoAmericansubscribersofvariouscultural,art andbusinessmagazine.SomeoftheremainingcopieswillcirculateasaspecialSundaysupplementintheNewYorkTimes.Thecost oflaunchingOperationColumbusisastaggeringUS$5million,butRicciishopingthat60%ofthepricetagwillbefinancedbyItalian corporation.“TolandinAmericaColumbushadtouseSpanishsponsor,”readsonesentenceinhispromotionalpamphlet.“Wewoul dlikeItalians.”LikeColumbus,Riccicannotknowwhathisreceptionwillbeonforeignshores.InItalyhegambled–andwon–onasimpleconc ept:itismoreimportanttoshowartthantowriteabout.Hence,oneissueofFMRmightfeature32full-colorpagesof17th-centurytape stries,followedby14pagesofoutrageouseyeglasses.Heisgamblingthattheconceptisexportable.1.Nami nghisquest“OperationColumbus”,Ricciisconfidentthat__________.A.hewillbeasinfluentialasColumbus2.What1.[A]【解析】根据原文该句母亲所问的问题可以推断母亲接到电话的时候，第一个反应是“担心”，因此本题应选选项A。

英语专业泛读第二册第二单元新造词翻译

新造词英语中每天都有新词出现。

你知道这些词是怎么产生的吗？阅读下文你就能找到造英语单词的各种方法。

学者们估计英语大约有600 000个单词，不过也许更多。

新的词语不断进入英语，其速度之快，大概没有一本字典能跟得上。

几个世纪以前，源于盎格鲁－撒克逊语、日尔曼语以及法语的原有词汇，占英语的五分之四。

余下的五分之一，一部分由外来词组成，另外的部分由其它三种词组成，它们是：表示人名、地名的专有名词；象声词以及新造的词。

安培、伏特和瓦特都是电学的计量单位，它们都是用发现者的名字命名的，他们分别是是法国物理学家安德烈•M•安培、意大利物理学家阿勒森德罗•伏特、苏格兰工程师兼发明家詹姆士•瓦特。

今天我们都喝用巴氏灭菌法消毒的牛奶，这种奶即清又纯。

巴氏灭菌法便得名于法国医生路易斯•巴斯德，是他发明了消毒牛奶的制作方法。

在英语中像这样的词有许多。

象声词代表它们模仿的事物或行为的声音。

现举例如下：嗡嗡滴答砰砰咕哝喳喳嚎啕扑通啪啪嘀咕咯咯嘤嘤呼哧对于上述单词无需再作任何解释，因为它们不言自明。

或许你还可以想出更多类似的单词来。

接下来是新造的词。

讲英语的人总是根据需要创造词汇，而且现在每天仍在这样做。

一种新造的词是由另外两个词构成的。

字典里将这种词称为复合词。

如果把“玩耍”和“物品”放在一起，我们就可以得到复合词“玩具”。

你还能为下表添加多少类似的词呢？雨衣奶昔楼上停顿前灯关闭帆船楼下收入标题除了把两个词放在一起之外，我们还可以给单词添加一些成分，即前缀和后缀。

大多数前缀和后缀来自拉丁语和希腊语，而且它们都有自己特别的意义。

当我们在词的前面加前缀或在其后面加后缀时，我们就改变了它的意思。

例如，前缀re-意思为“再”。

如果把re-加到“作”或者“画”的前面，我们就得到了两个新词，意思为“再作一次”和“再画一次”。

Un-意思为“相反的”或者“不”。

把un-加到“快乐的”或者“和蔼的”前边，我们就得到了“不快乐”和“不和蔼”。

英语教资英语科目专业词汇

语言教学知识与能力部分自下而上bottom-up model 自上而下top-down model交互式教学模式interactive model 泛听extensive listening精听intensive listening 辨别Discrimination交际信息辨别Recognizing communicating signals听大意Listening for gist 听细节Listening for specific information 词义猜测Word-guessing 推理判断和预测Inferring and predicting记笔记Note-taking 配音dubbing 角色扮演role play泛读fast/global reading 精读careful/detailed reading略读skimming 寻读scanning 预测prediction猜测意思guessing meanings 推理Inferring识别指代关系（Recognizing the Reference）结果导向模式（The Product-oriented Model）过程导向模式（The Process-oriented Model）内容导向模式（The Content-oriented Model）头脑风暴（Brainstorming）思维导图（Mapping）列提纲（Outlining）写初稿（Drafting）自改（Self-editing）互相修改（Peer-editing）订正（Revising）评价（Evaluating）控制性写作（Controlled writing）指导性写作（Guided writing）交流性写作（Expressive writing）系统性原则（Systematic principle）应用原则（Application principle）呈现原则（Presentation principle）文化性原则（Culture principle）词汇选择原则（Word-choice principle）演绎法（deductive）归纳法（inductive）机械训练（Mechanical Practice）替换操练（substitution drills）转换操练（transformation drills）意义性练习（Meaningful Practice）语法翻译法(Grammar-translation Method)直接法(Direct Method) 听说法(The Audio-lingual method)认知法(Cognitive Method)交际法(Communicative Language Teaching Approach)视听法(The Audio Visual Approach) 情景教学法(Situational teaching method) 全身反应法(Total Physical Response,TPR)任务型教学法(Task-based Language Teaching Method) （TBLT）拼图式任务（jigsaw tasks）信息沟活动（information gap tasks）解决问题型任务（problem-solving tasks）选择决定型任务（decision-making tasks）交流观点型任务（opinion exchange tasks）教学设计部分Teaching contents 教学内容Teaching objectives 教学目标Teaching key point and difficult point 教学重难点Teaching methods 教学方法Teaching aids 教具Teaching procedures 教学过程Blackboard design 板书设计Teaching reflection 教学反思Task-based Language Teaching Method（TBLT）（任务型教学法）Communicative Language Teaching Approach（交际型教学法）Situational Language Teaching Method（情景教学法）Total Physical Response（TPR）（全身反应法）Audio-lingual Method（听说法）Cooperative Learning Method 合作学习法Independent/Autonomous（自主的）Learning Method 自主学习法Knowledge objective(s)知识目标Ability objective(s)能力目标Emotional objective(s)情感目标教学实施与评价部分指导者（Instructor）控制者（Controller）评价者（Assessor）组织者（Organizer）提示者（Prompter）促进者（Facilitator）参与者（Participant）研究者（Researcher）资源提供者（Resource-provider）全班活动（Class work）小组活动（Group work）结对活动（Pair work）个人活动（Individual work）开放性问题(open question) 封闭性问题(closed question)展示性问题(display question) 参考性问题(referential question)直接纠错（Explicit correction）间接纠错（Implicit correction）重述法(Recasting) 重复法(Repetition) 强调法(Pinpointing)元语言提示法(Metalinguistic feedback)澄清法(Clarification request) 启发法(Elicitation)诊断性评价（Diagnostic Assessment）调查与测验(quiz&questionnaire) 观察与访谈(observation&interview)形成性评价（Formative Assessment）评价量表(evaluation scale) 概念图(concept map)终结性评价（Summative Assessment）口试(oral test) 笔试(written test) 标准参照评价（Criterion-referenced assessment）常模参照评价（Norm-referenced assessment）个体参照评价（Individual-referenced assessment）成绩测试（Achievement test）水平测试（Proficiency test）潜能测试（Aptitude test）诊断测试（Diagnostic test）常模参照测试（Norm-referenced Tests）标准参照测试（Criterion-referenced Tests）信度（Reliability）区分度（Discrimination）难度（Difficulty）效度（Validity）表面效度（Face Validity）结构效度（Construct Validity）内容效度（Content Validity）教学日志（Teaching journal）叙事研究（Narrative research）行动研究（Action research）语言学部分语言学（Linguistics）Langue & Parole（语言和言语）Prescriptive & Descriptive（规定性和描述性）Synchronic & Diachronic（共时性和历时性）Competence & Performance（语言能力和语言表现）任意性（Arbitrariness）二重性（Duality）创造性（Productivity）移位性（Displacement）文化传播性（Cultural transmission）信息功能（Informative function）人际功能（Interpersonal function）施为功能（Performative function）情感功能（Emotive function）寒暄功能（Phatic function）娱乐功能（Recreational function）元语言功能（Metalinguistic function）语音学(Phonetics)元音（vowels）辅音（consonants）舌头最高部分的位置(position of the highest part of the tongue)前元音(front vowel) 中元音(central vowel) 后元音(back vowel)舌头抬起的高度(the height of tongue rising)高元音(high vowel) 中元音( middle vowel) 低元音(low vowel)长元音（long vowel）短元音(short vowel)圆唇音(rounded vowel) 非圆唇音(unrounded vowel)发音方式(Manner of articulation) 发音部位(Place of articulation)带声性(Voicing;vibration of the vocal cords)清辅音(Voiceless sound) 浊辅音(Voiced sound)爆破音(Stops/Plosives) 摩擦音(Fricatives) 塞擦音(Affricates) 鼻音(Nasals) 流音(Liquids/Lateral) 滑音(Glides) 双唇音（Bilabial）唇齿音（Labiodental）齿间音（Dental）齿龈音（Alveolar）硬颚音（Palatal）软腭音（Velar）声门音（Glottal）语音变化(Vocal Variety) 连读(Liaison) 失去爆破(Loss of Plosive)不完全爆破(incomplete plosive) 同化（Assimilation）音系学（Phonology）音素(Phone) 音位(phoneme)最小对立体(minimal pairs) 音位对立(phonemic contrast)音位变体（Allophone）互补分布（complementary distribution）自由变体（Free variation）序列规则（Sequential rule）同化规则（Assimilation rule）省略规则（Deletion rule）音节（syllable）重音（Stress）单词重音（word stress）句子重音（sentence stress）语调（intonation）升调（rising tone）降调（falling tone）降升调(falling-rising tone) 升降调(rising-falling tone)形态学（Morphology）词素(Morpheme) 自由词素（free morphemes）黏着词素（bound morphemes）词根（root）词缀（affix）前缀（prefix）后缀（suffix）中缀（infix）词干（stem）屈折词缀（inflectional affix）派生词缀（derivational affix）词的构成（word formation）复合法(compounding)向心复合词（endocentric compound）离心复合词（exocentric compound）派生法(derivation)创新词(invention) 混成词（blending）截断词（clipping/abbreviation）首字母连写词（initialism）首字母拼写词（acronym）逆构词法（back-formation）类推构词（analogical creation）借词法（borrowing/loanword）语义学（Semantics）外延意义（Denotation）内涵意义（Connotation）同义关系（synonymy）文体(stylistic) 差别地域(dialectal) 差别搭配(collocational) 差别情感(emotive)差别语义(semantic) 差别反义关系（Antonymy）反义词（antonym）的关系等级反义（gradable antonymy）互补反义（complementary antonymy）反向反义（converse antonymy）上下位关系（Hyponymy）一词多义（Polysemy）同音/同形异义（Homonymy）同音异义（homophone）同形异义（homograph）同形同音异义（complete homonym）句子间涵义关系（Sense relations between sentences）X is synonymous with Y (X 与Y 同义)X is inconsistent with Y (X 与Y 不一致)X entails Y/Y is an entailment of X（X 蕴含Y）X presupposes Y/Y is a prerequisite of X（预设关系）X is a contradiction（X 自我矛盾）语用学（Pragmatics）言语行为（speech acts）言内行为/发话行为（locutionary act）言外行为/行事行为（illocutionary act）言后行为/取效行为（Perlocutionary act）直接言语行为（direct speech act）间接言语行为（indirect speech act）会话含义理论（Conversational implicature ）合作原则（Cooperative principle）数量准则（The maxim of quantity）质量准则(The maxim of quality) 关系准则(The maxim of relevance)方式准则(The maxim of Manner)修辞学（Rhetoric）明喻（Simile）暗喻（Metaphor）转喻/换喻/借代（Metonymy）提喻（Synecdoche）隐喻（Allusion）拟人（Personification）夸张（Hyperbole）矛盾修饰法（Oxymoron）委婉（Euphemism）移就（Transferred Epithet）押韵（Rhyme）押头韵（Alliteration/Initial rhyme/Head rhyme）押尾韵（End rhyme）反韵（Reverse rhyme）准押韵（Assonance）意群（sense group）停顿（pausing）节奏（rhythm）替换（substitution）双关（pun）反语（irony）讽刺（sarcasm）习得假说（The Acquisition-learning Hypothesis）语言输入假说（Input Hypothesis）情感过滤假说（Affective-filter Hypothesis）自然顺序假说（The Natural Order Hypothesis）监察假说（Monitor Hypothesis）语言输出假说（Output Hypothesis）互动假说（Interaction Hypothesis）中介语（Interlanguage）僵化现象（Fossilization）结构型教学大纲（Structural syllabus）功能-意念型教学大纲（Functional-notional syllabus）任务型教学大纲（Task-based syllabus）内容型教学大纲（Content-based syllabus）技能型教学大纲（Skill-based syllabus）体裁型教学大纲（Genre-based syllabus）。

新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材泛读教程第三册 vocabulary building

Vocabulary building1.practicea.Your suggestion sounds good, but I’m afraid it is notb.We must combine theory withc.This boy playing the piano every day. That is why he can play so well now.d.The rocks are so hard in the mountain that to build a road through it is note.This old man is in catching snakes.2.wortha.This “diamond” is made of glass and is almostb.She is such a beautiful and clever girl and he is not of her.c.Although it is so hard to work in the desert, the fact that we will certainly find oil here makes our workd.This historical site is a visit.e.These discoveries are of little3.variousa.Good readers learn to their reading speed when they read different materials.b.If you don’t know where to spend the holiday, you can send for the holiday brochures which can give youthe most .c.There is a of ten pounds in weight.d.We have opinions on this project.e.kinds of birds are described in this book.4.absorba.This novel is so that he forgets it is time for supper.b.He was too in the newspaper to hear the bell.c.In winter we should wear dark colored clothes which can the sunlight.d.This small factory faces into a big one.e.This material is as as sponge.5.effective, efficienta.The measures adopted by the government to reduce unemployment were .b.He is at his job.c.The law is no longer .6.technique, technologyputer is developing at an amazingly fast pace.b.He has the greatest with customers.7.medium, middlea.I was right I in the of reading her paper when she phoned.b.He is a man of height.c.Those clothes must be washed at temperature.8.attitude, aptitudea.Does she show any for music?b.He shows a very positive to his work.9.count, accounta.He had to submit the of his expenditure.b.I felt that all my years there for nothing.c.We the passengers and found two were missing.10.t alent, intelligencea.She possesses a remarkable for music.b.When the water pipe burst, the child had the to turn off the water at the main.11.a spire, inspirea.His noble example the rest of us to greater efforts.b.The hard-working student to become an author.c.The Lake District scenery Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry.12.b adge, tokena. A white flag is used as a of surrender.b.They were wearing that said “Nuclear Power-No thanks!”c.Our troops encountered only resistance.13.c ontemporary, temporarya.Beethoven and Napoleon were .b.Students often find jobs during their summer holidays.c.reports of past events are often more interesting than modern historians’ view of them.14.d esert, desserta.I’ve had enough of the fish. Shall we move on to ?b.He his wife and children and went abroad.15.f avorable, favoritea.Who is your writer?b.Her request met with a response.c.It’s encouraging to receive a report on one’s work.16.r eward, awarda.The judge substantial damages to the victims of the explosion.b.Is this how you me for my help?c.She’s been a scholarship to study at Oxford.17.h istoric, historicala.research has proved that the Trojan War was a real event.b.The ending of the cold war is a event.18.r eject, resista.He is very depressed because the manuscript of his novel was .b.When I saw the condition the children were in, I couldn’t asking their mother what she thought shewas doing.19.a nalyze, testa.The scientists are going to the ore for iron.b.He has not the result of the experiment yet.20.p eculiar, particulara.This food has a taste, do you think it’s all right?b.Is there any color you would prefer?c.Is there anything in you’d like for dinner?21.a ccess, assessa.It is difficult to the impact of the president’s speech.b.The only to the farmhouse is across the fields.c.Students must have to a good library.22.s ource, resourcea.China is rich in naturalb.Is the water polluted at the or further downstream?c.He cited many for his book.23.i nquire, requirea.The couple separated because they were notb.The achievements of an athlete and a write arec.This printer is with most personal computers.d.His work is to the very best.24.c omparable, compatiblea.The couple separated because they were notb.The achievements of an athlete and a writer arec.This printer is with most personal computers.d.His work is to the very best.25.c areer, joba.He got a part-time as a gardener.b.After graduation from college she chose an academicc.Thousands of workers lost their when the factory closed.d.He is a diplomat, which means he is a professional one.26.p rinciple, principala.The aim of the policy is to bring peace to the area.b.Discussing all the details will get us nowhere: we must go back to basic .c.The Danube is one of the rivers of Europe.d.She seems to have no27.f emale, femininea.The little boy speaks like a girl. He has a voice.b.The male voice is usually deeper than thec.“Lioness” is the form of “Lion”.28.r ecreate, recreationa.His only are drinking beer and working in the garden.b.The play life before the war.c.Gardening is a form of29.r hyme, rhythma.The music those tribesmen are playing contains some incredibly complicatedb.To amuse his colleagues he wrote his report inc.Beef with leaf.d.That girl will be a great dancer—she’s got natural30.a ssure, ensurea.I you that they’ll be perfectly safe with us.b.Please that all the lights are switched off at night.c.They were that everything possible was being done.d.These pills should you a good night’s sleep.31.a rise, raise, risee your money when the needb.He his eyes from his work.c.The cost of living continues tod.The horses’ hooves a cloud of dust.e. A new difficulty has .32.c ue, cluea.The only to the identity of the murderer was a half-smoked cigarette.b.Actors have to learn their as well as their own lines.c.We have no as to where she went after she left home.d.When I nod my head, that’s your to interrupt.33.t ransform, transfera. A beard may a man beyond recognition.b.The shop closed and the business was somewhere else.c.The ticket cannot be to another airline.d. A caterpillar is into a butterfly.34.a lone, lonelya.Robinson Crusoe spent days on the desert island before Friday appeared.b.She is too young to go to the party .c.The cabin was built in a(n) spot, faraway from the town.d.Mount Everest stands in its magnificence.35.t hreaten, warna.My father me not to go too close to the beehive.b.Our neighbor to call the police if I climbed into his garden again.36.s pread, spraya.The peacock raised its tail and it.b.Let’s the map on the table and study the routes.c.Jack became so angry with the mosquito that he the whole room with fly-killer.37.e mergence, emergencya.Keep a fire extinguisher for use in anb.The of an overall picture came after thorough investigation.38.r emedy, recipea.I often use herbalb.What is your for success?c. A good night’s sleep would be the best for your headaches.d.He didn’t follow the and the cake came out all wrong.39.a lter, alternatea.Most farmers their crops on a yearly basis.b.I didn’t recognize him, he had so much.c.Rainy days with dry ones.d.She had to her clothes after losing weight.40.k nowledge, acknowledgea.When the result of the vote was announced the Prime Minister defeat.b.My of French was rather poor.c.She is as an expert on the subject.41.e volve, revolvea.He has a new theory after many years of research.b.The earth round the sun.c.Many Victorians were shocked by the notion that man had from lower forms of life.42.d ismal, dismaya.He learned to his that he had lost his job.b.The lost spoke to the unwelcome visitor with a tone of voice.c.The news was as as ever.d.We watched in blank as she packed her bag in angry.43.a ttribute, contributea.Everyone should what he or she can afford.b.This play is usually to Shakespeare.c.Her work has enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject.d.The author his success to hard work and a bit of luck.44.m etaphor, similea.“As brave as a lion” is ab.“She has a heart of stone” is a .45.u ltimate, unanimousa.Management must take responsibility for the strike.b.The villagers are in their opposition to the building of a bypass.c.Nuclear weapons are the deterrent.d.The proposal was accepted with approval.Vocabulary building1.practicef.Your suggestion sounds good, but I’m afraid it is not practicable / practical.g.We must combine theory with practice.h.This boy practices playing the piano every day. That is why he can play so well now.i.The rocks are so hard in the mountain that to build a road through it is not practicable / practical.j.This old man is practiced in catching snakes.2.worthf.This “diamond” is made of glass and is almost worthless.g.She is such a beautiful and clever girl and he is not worthy of her.h.Although it is so hard to work in the desert, the fact that we will certainly find oil here makes our workworthwhile.i.This historical site is worth a visit.j.These discoveries are of little worth.3.variousf.Good readers learn to vary their reading speed when they read different materials.g.If you don’t know where to spend the holiday, you can send for the holiday brochures which can give youthe most variety.h.There is a variation of ten pounds in weight.i.We have various / varied opinions on this project.j.Various kinds of birds are described in this book.4.absorbf.This novel is so absorbing that he forgets it is time for supper.g.He was too absorbed in the newspaper to hear the bell.h.In winter we should wear dark colored clothes which can absorb the sunlight.i.This small factory faces absorption into a big one.j.This material is as absorbent as sponge.1.effective, efficientd.The measures adopted by the government to reduce unemployment were effective.e.He is efficient at his job.f.The law is no longer effective.2.technique, technologyputer technology is developing at an amazingly fast pace.d.He has the greatest technique with customers.3.medium, middled.I was right I in the middle of reading her paper when she phoned.e.He is a man of medium height.f.Those clothes must be washed at medium temperature.4.attitude, aptitudec.Does she show any aptitude for music?d.He shows a very positive attitude to his work.5.count, accountd.He had to submit the account of his expenditure.e.I felt that all my years there counted for nothing.f.We counted the passengers and found two were missing.6.talent, intelligencec.She possesses a remarkable talent for music.d.When the water pipe burst, the child had the intelligence to turn off the water at the main.7.aspire, inspired.His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.e.The hard-working student aspired to become an author.f.The Lake District scenery inspired Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry.8.badge, tokend. A white flag is used as a token of surrender.e.They were wearing badges that said “Nuclear Power-No thanks!”f.Our troops encountered only token resistance.9.contemporary, temporaryd.Beethoven and Napoleon were contemporaries.e.Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays.f.Contemporary reports of past events are often more interesting than modern historians’ view of them.10.d esert, dessertc.I’ve had enough of the fish. Shall we move on to dessert?d.He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.11.f avorable, favorited.Who is your favorite writer?e.Her request met with a favorable response.f.It’s encouraging to receive a favorable report on one’s work.12.r eward, awardd.The judge awarded substantial damages to the victims of the explosion.e.Is this how you reward me for my help?f.She’s been awarded a scholarship to study at Oxford.13.h istoric, historicalc.Historical research has proved that the Trojan War was a real event.d.The ending of the cold war is a historic event.14.r eject, resistc.He is very depressed because the manuscript of his novel was rejected.d.When I saw the condition the children were in, I couldn’t resist asking their mother what she thought shewas doing.15.a nalyze, testc.The scientists are going to test / analyze the ore for iron.d.He has not analyzed the result of the experiment yet.16.p eculiar, particulard.This food has a peculiar taste, do you think it’s all right?e.Is there any particular color you would prefer?f.Is there anything in particular you’d like for dinner?17.a ccess, assessd.It is difficult to assess the impact of the president’s speech.e.The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.f.Students must have access to a good library.18.s ource, resourced.China is rich in natural resources.e.Is the water polluted at the source or further downstream?f.He cited many sources for his book.19.i nquire, requiree.The couple separated because they were not inquired.f.The achievements of an athlete and a write are requiredg.This printer is inquire with most personal computers.h.His work is required to the very best.20.c omparable, compatiblee.The couple separated because they were not compatible.f.The achievements of an athlete and a writer are comparable.g.This printer is compatible with most personal computers.h.His work is comparable to the very best.21.c areer, jobe.He got a part-time job as a gardener.f.After graduation from college she chose an academic career.g.Thousands of workers lost their jobs when the factory closed.h.He is a career diplomat, which means he is a professional one.22.p rinciple, principale.The principal aim of the policy is to bring peace to the area.f.Discussing all the details will get us nowhere: we must go back to basic principles.g.The Danube is one of the principal rivers of Europe.h.She seems to have no principle at all when it comes to the question of making money.23.f emale, feminined.The little boy speaks like a girl. He has a feminine voice.e.The male voice is usually deeper than the female.f.“Lioness” is the feminine form of “Lion”.24.r ecreate, recreationd.His only recreation are drinking beer and working in the garden.e.The play recreates life before the war.f.Gardening is a form of recreation.25.r hyme, rhythme.The music those tribesmen are playing contains some incredibly complicated rhythm.f.To amuse his colleagues he wrote his report in rhyme.g.Beef rhymes with leaf.h.That girl will be a great dancer—she’s got natural rhythm.26.a ssure, ensuree.I assure you that they’ll be perfectly safe with us.f.Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night.g.They were assured that everything possible was being done.h.These pills should ensure you a good night’s sleep.27.a rise, raise, risee your money when the need arises.g.He raised his eyes from his work.h.The cost of living continues to rise.i.The horses’ hooves raised a cloud of dust.j. A new difficulty has arisen.28.c ue, cluee.The only clue to the identity of the murderer was a half-smoked cigarette.f.Actors have to learn their cues as well as their own lines.g.We have no clue as to where she went after she left home.h.When I nod my head, that’s your cue to interrupt.29.t ransform, transfere. A beard may transform a man beyond recognition.f.The shop closed and the business was transferred somewhere else.g.The ticket cannot be transferred to another airline.h. A caterpillar is transformed into a butterfly.30.a lone, lonelye.Robinson Crusoe spent many lonely days on the desert island before Friday appeared.f.She is too young to go to the party alone.g.The cabin was built in a(n) lonely spot, faraway from the town.h.Mount Everest stands alone in its magnificence.31.t hreaten, warnc.My father warned me not to go too close to the beehive.d.Our neighbor threatened to call the police if I climbed into his garden again.32.s pread, sprayd.The peacock raised its tail and spread it.e.Let’s spread the map on the table and study the routes.f.Jack became so angry with the mosquito that he sprayed the whole room with fly-killer.33.e mergence, emergencyc.Keep a fire extinguisher for use in an emergency.d.The emergence of an overall picture came after thorough investigation.34.r emedy, recipee.I often use herbal remedies.f.What is your recipe for success?g. A good night’s sleep would be the best remedy for your headaches.h.He didn’t follow the recipe and the cake came out all wrong.35.a lter, alternatee.Most farmers alternate their crops on a yearly basis.f.I didn’t recognize him, he had altered so much.g.Rainy days alternate with dry ones.h.She had to alter her clothes after losing weight.36.k nowledge, acknowledged.When the result of the vote was announced the Prime Minister acknowledged defeat.e.My knowledge of French was rather poor.f.She is acknowledged as an expert on the subject.37.e volve, revolved.He has evolved a new theory after many years of research.e.The earth revolved round the sun.f.Many Victorians were shocked by the notion that man had evolved from lower forms of life.38.d ismal, dismaye.He learned to his dismay that he had lost his job.f.The lost spoke to the unwelcome visitor with a dismal tone of voice.g.The news was as dismal as ever.h.We watched in blank dismay as she packed her bag in angry.39.a ttribute, contributee.Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.f.This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare.g.Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject.h.The author attributed his success to hard work and a bit of luck.40.m etaphor, similec.“As brave as a lion” is a simile.d.“She has a heart of stone” is a metaphor.41.u ltimate, unanimouse.Management must take ultimate responsibility for the strike.f.The villagers are unanimous in their opposition to the building of a bypass.g.Nuclear weapons are the ultimate deterrent.h.The proposal was accepted with unanimous approval.。

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泛读 1 unit2 fool's paradiseTake for grant 而不把、、、当回事convince [kən'vins]vt. 说服；使确信，使信服[ 过去式convinced 过去分词convinced 现在分词convincing ]consult [kɔn'sʌlt, 'kɔnsʌlt]vt. 查阅；商量；向…请教vi. 请教；商议；当顾问light up照亮；点亮arrangement [ə'reindʒmənt]n. 布置；整理；准备laden with充满，载满ravenously ['rævənəsli]adv. 贪婪的；渴望的；大嚼地dwelling ['dweliŋ]n. 住处；寓所v. 居住（dwell的现在分词）mourning ['mɔ:niŋ, 'məun-]n. 哀痛；服丧v. 哀伤；为…哀悼（mourn的ing形式）beside oneself极度兴奋；发狂Unit3 young william shakespeareorchard ['ɔ:tʃəd]n. 果园；果树林enraged [inreidg]adj. 暴怒的；忿怒填胸的v. 使发怒；触怒（enrage的过去分词）diligent ['dilidʒənt]adj. 勤勉的；用功的，费尽心血的expedition [,ekspi'diʃən]n. 远征；探险队；迅速monotonous [mə'nɔtənəs]adj. 单调的，无抑扬顿挫的；无变化的insignificant [,insig'nifikənt]adj. 无关紧要的significant [sig'nifikənt]adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 象征；有意义的事物[ 比较级more significant 最高级most significant ]Do costumesversatile ['və:sətail]adj. 多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的rehearsal [ri'hə:səl]n. 排演；预演；练习；训练；叙述Unit 4 migratory birds and coffeesanctuary ['sæŋktju'ri, -tʃuə-]n. 避难所；至圣所；耶路撒冷的神殿[ 复数sanctuaries ]habitatsn. 栖息地；（动植物的）产地（habitat的复数形式）canopy ['kænəpi]n. 天篷；华盖；遮篷；苍穹vt. 用天蓬遮盖；遮盖[ 复数canopies 过去式canopied 去分词canopied 现在分词canopying ]convert [kən'və:t]vt. 使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰vi. 转变，变换；皈依；改变信仰n. 皈依者；改变宗教信仰者compatible [kəm'pætəbl]adj. 兼容的；能共处的；可并立的compatible withadj. 与……和谐相处；与……相配的amphibian [æm'fibiən]n. 两栖动物；水陆两用飞机；具有双重性格的人adj. 两栖类的；水陆两用的；具有双重性格的safeguarding ['seifga:dŋ]n. 安全防护；安全措施v. 保护（safeguard的ing形式）；保卫deliberate [di'libərət]adj. 故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的vt. 仔细考虑；商议[ 过去式deliberated 过去分词deliberated 现在分词deliberating ]temperate ['tempərit]adj. 温和的；适度的；有节制的[ 比较级more temperate 最高级most temperate ]Unit 6 the call of the wildgrowl [ɡraul]vi. 咆哮着说vt. 咆哮；（雷电，炮等）轰鸣n. 咆哮声；吠声；不平let go松手；放手松手；放开；放掉，释放；使射出，(自愿)放弃，忽略；忘记，断裂，解雇，无拘无束crash [kræʃ]n. 碰撞；崩溃；坠落vt. 坠落；破碎；撞碎vi. 碰撞；坠毁；闯；突然倒台adj. 速成的[ 第三人称单数crashes 过去式crashed 过去分词crashed 现在分词crashing ]broken ['brəukən]adj. 破碎的；坏掉的v. 折断；打碎；损坏（break的过去分词）obey [əu'bei]vt. 服从，听从；按照……行动vi. 服从，顺从；听话notice ['nəutis]n. 通知，布告；注意；公告vt. 通知；注意到；留心vi. 引起注意[ 过去式noticed 过去分词noticed 现在分词noticing ]chase away赶走；驱逐throw oneself at向…猛扑过去；拼命讨好disappear [,disə'piə]vi. 消失；失踪；不复存在vt. 使…不存在；使…消失Unit 9 techniques that might smile upon mona lisaintersect [,intə'sekt]vi. 相交，交叉vt. 横断，横切；贯穿devise [di'vaiz]vt. 设计；想出；发明；图谋；遗赠给n. 遗赠[ 过去式devised 过去分词devised 现分humidity [hju:'midəti]n. 湿度；湿气resilient [ri'ziliənt, -jənt]adj. 弹回的，有弹力的contract ['kɔntrækt, kən'trækt]vi. 收缩；感染；订约vt. 感染；订约；使缩短n. 合同；婚约elastic [i'læstik]adj. 有弹性的；灵活的；易伸缩的n. 松紧带；橡皮圈subject ['sʌbdʒikt, -dʒe-, səb'dʒekt]n. 主题；科目；主语；国民adj. 服从的；易患…的；受制于…的vt. 使…隶属；使屈从于…undeterred [ʌndi'tə:d]adj. 未受阻的；未被吓住的vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl]adj. 易受攻击的，易受…的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱点的confirm [kən'fə:m]vt. 确认；确定；证实；批准；使巩固differ ['difə]vt. 使…相异；使…不同vi. 相异；意见分歧intrigue [in'tri:ɡ, 'in-]n. 阴谋；诡计；复杂的事；私通vt. 用诡计取得；激起...的兴趣vi. 私通；密谋[ 过去式intrigued 过去分词intrigued 现在分词intriguing ]book2 unit the shadowland of dreamrequite [ri'kwait]vt. 报答，回报；酬谢[ 过去式requited 过去分词requited 现在分词requiting ] prospect ['prɔspekt]n. 前途；预期；景色vi. 勘探，找矿vt. 勘探，勘察station ['steiʃən]n. 站；驻地；地位；身分on the side另外；作为兼职well up涌出；流露；萌发veteran ['vetərən]n. 老兵；老手；富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的wilted [wiltid]adj. 枯萎的；萎蔫的v. 枯萎；衰弱（wilt的过去分词）wilt [wilt]vt. 使枯萎；使畏缩；使衰弱vi. 枯萎；畏缩；衰弱n. 枯萎；憔悴；衰弱limelight ['laimlait]n. 石灰光，石灰光灯；众人注目的中心vt. 使显露头角，使受到注目[ 过去式limelighted或-lit 过去分词limelighted或-lit 现在分词limelighting ]短语1.fond of the limelight爱出风头，爱引人注意2.in the limelighta. 【戏剧】处于舞台聚光灯照射的地方；有聚光灯的照耀下b. 引人注目；处于显要地3.steal the limelight把人们(或观众)的注意力从别处吸引过来，出尽风头；抢镜头exhilarating [iɡ'ziləreitiŋ]adj. 使人愉快的；令人喜欢的；爽快的v. 使高兴，使兴奋（exhilarate的现在corroded [kə'rəudid]adj. 侵蚀的，已被腐蚀的corrode [kə'rəud]vt. 侵蚀；损害vi. 受腐蚀；起腐蚀作用Unit 3 recyclingdivert [dai'və:t, di-]vt. 转移；使…欢娱；使…转向vi. 转移stack [stæk]n. 堆；堆叠vt. 使堆叠；把…堆积起来impact ['impækt, im'pækt]vt. 影响；撞击；冲突；压紧vi. 冲击；产生影响n. 影响；效果；碰撞；冲击力vi. 堆积，堆叠insulate ['insjuleit, 'insə-]vt. 隔离，使孤立；[物]使绝缘，使隔热[ 过去式insulated 过去分词insulated 现在分词insulating ]casual ['kæʒjuəl]adj. 随便的；非正式的；临时的；偶然的n. 便装；临时工人；待命士兵[ 比较级more casual 最高级most casual ]demolition [,demə'liʃən]n. 拆除（等于demolishment）；破坏；毁坏fad [fæd]n. 时尚；一时的爱好；一时流行的狂热discard [dis'kɑ:d, 'diskɑ:d]vt. 抛弃；放弃；丢弃vi. 放弃n. 抛弃；被丢弃的东西或人garbage ['ɡɑ:bidʒ]n. 垃圾；废物viability [,vaiə'biliti]n. 生存能力，发育能力；可行性consistently [kən'sistəntli]adv. 一贯地；一致地；坚实地hold on不挂断电话，等一下；继续hold down ['həulddaun]抑制；压制；保有Unit 6 fathers &sons: the bonding processwallow ['wɔləu]vi. 打滚；沉迷；颠簸n. 打滚；堕落；泥坑combat ['kɔmbæt, kəm'bæt]vt. 反对；与…战斗vi. 战斗；搏斗n. 战斗；争论adj. 战斗的；为…斗争的[ 过去式combated或combatted 过去分词combated或combatted 现在分词combating或combatting ]scouredv. 擦洗；腐蚀；摩擦（scour的过去式）scour ['skauə]vi. 冲刷；擦；腹泻vt. 擦亮，洗涤；冲洗，清除n. 擦，冲刷；洗涤剂；（畜类等的）腹泻hinged [hindʒd]adj. 有铰链的；铰链式的v. 给…装上绞链；依…而定（hinge的过去分词）hinge [hindʒ]n. 铰链；枢纽；关键vt. 给…安装铰链vi. 依…而转移[ 过去式hinged 过去分词hinged 现在分词hinging ]appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit]vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别vi. 增值；涨价[ 过去式appreciated 过去分词appreciated 现在分词appreciating ]endeavor [in'devə]n. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）vi. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）vt. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）abundance [ə'bʌndəns]n. 充裕，丰富sacrifice ['sækrifais]n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉vt. 牺牲；献祭；亏本出售vi. 献祭；奉献[ 过去式sacrificed 过去分词sacrificed 现在分词sacrificing ]salute [sə'lju:t, sɑ:'lu:te]n. 致敬，欢迎；敬礼vt. 行礼致敬，欢迎vi. 致意，打招呼；行礼[ 过去式saluted 过去分词saluted 现在分词saluting ]celebritiesn. 名人（celebrity的复数）；名誉demonsn. 魔族，恶魔；守护程序demon ['di:mən]n. 恶魔；魔鬼；精力充沛的人；邪恶的事物encompass [in'kʌmpəs]vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成Unit 11 the rocking-house winneradore [ə'dɔ:]vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；[口]极喜欢vi. 崇拜；爱慕[ 过去式adored 过去分词adored 现在分词adoring ]discreet [dis'kri:t]adj. 谨慎的；小心的materialize [mə'tiəriəlaiz]vt. 使具体化，使有形；使突然出现；使重物质而轻精神vi. 实现，成形；突然出现[ 过去式materialized 过去分词materialized 现在分词materializing ]frenzy ['frenzi]n. 狂暴；狂怒；暴怒vt. 使发狂；使狂怒[ 复数frenzies 过去式frenzied 过去分词frenzied 现在分词frenzying ]career [kə'riə]n. 事业，职业；生涯post [pəust]n. 岗位；邮件；标杆vt. 张贴；公布；邮递；布置vi. 快速行进pursue [pə'sju:, -'su:]vt. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠vi. 追赶；继续进行[ 过去式pursued 过去分词pursued 现在分词pursuing ]Not to let it beyond us threeLet it go 放手，任它去Let sb go 释放，解雇Unit 12 social critic with ververecuperate [ri'kju:pəreit]vi. 恢复，复原；挽回损失vt. 恢复，使恢复健康[ 过去式recuperated 过去分词recuperated 现在分词recuperating ]torment [tɔ:'ment, 'tɔ:m-]vt. 折磨，使痛苦；纠缠，作弄n. 痛苦，苦恼；痛苦的根源dissertation [,disə'teiʃən]n. 论文，专题；学术演讲lavish ['læviʃ]adj. 浪费的；丰富的；大方的vt. 浪费；慷慨给予；滥用champion ['tʃæmpiən]n. 冠军；拥护者；战士vt. 支持；拥护adj. 优胜的；第一流的underwent [,ʌndə'went]v. 经验；遭遇（undergo的过去式）condemned [kən'demd]adj. 已被定罪的；被责难的condemn [kən'dem]vt. 谴责；判刑，定罪；声讨envoy ['envɔi]n. 使者；全权公使miniature ['miniətʃə]adj. 微型的，小规模的n. 缩图；微型画；微型图画绘画术vt. 是…的缩影[ 过去式miniatured 过去分词miniatured 现在分词miniaturing ]rapturous ['ræptʃərəs]adj. 狂喜的；兴高采烈的；欢天喜地的[ 比较级more rapturous 最高级most rapturous ]。