核能与核安全(英文版)
核能课件ppt英文

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy
Advantages
Nuclear energy is a sustainable source of energy that can provide a stable and related supply of electricity It does not emit greenhouse gases or air pollutants during operation, making it environmentally friendly Nuclear energy can also be used to produce medical isotopes and for other industrial applications
History of Nuclear Energy
The discovery of nuclear energy Began in the early 20th century with the discovery of radioactivity by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896
Nuclear Power Courseware PowerPoint English
• Introduction • Nuclear Physics • Nuclear Reactors • Safety and Security of Nuclear
Reactors • Future of Nuclear Energy
01 Introduction
Definition of Nuclear Energy
核安全与核安全文化

演讲人
目录
01. 核安全的重要性 02. 核安全文化的内涵 03. 核安全文化的实践 04. 核安全文化的传播与推广
1
核安全的重要性
核能的广泛应用
01 发电:核能发电是清洁、高效的能
源,可减少对化石燃料的依赖
02 医疗:核技术在医疗领域有广泛应
用,如放射性诊断、放射性治疗等
03 工业:核技术在工业领域有广泛应
12
34
✓ 预防为主的原则还要求在核设施 的管理和运行中,建立完善的安 全管理体系,确保核设施的安全 运行。
✓ 预防为主的原则还要求在核设施 的从业人员中,加强安全培训和 教育,提高员工的安全意识和技 能,确保核设施的安全运行。
持续改进的机制
1
定期评估:对核 安全文化进行定 期评估,确保其
持续改进
04
政治影响:核事 故可能导致国际 关系紧张,影响 国家间的政治合 作和互信。
核安全的必要性
核安全文化的内
2
涵
安全第一的理念
01
核安全是核工 业发展的基础
和前提
02
核安全是核工 业从业人员的
生命线
03
核安全是核工 业企业社会责
任的核心
04
核安全是核工 业可持续发展
的保障
05
核安全是核工 业国际合作的
用,如无损检测、材料改性等
04 科研:核技术在科研领域有广泛应
用,如粒子加速器、同位素标记等
核事故的严重后果
01
放射性污染:核 事故可能导致放 射性物质泄漏, 对环境、生物和 人类健康造成长 期影响。
02
经济损失:核 事故可能导致 核设施损坏, 造成巨大的经 济损失。
核工程与核技术专业英语

Auxiliary 辅助的,备用的Blowdown 冷却管突然爆裂,排污管 Compress 压缩,精简Instrument仪器,乐器,工具,仪表 Component组件,部件,成分,设备 Condensate 凝结水,冷凝水,凝结 Condenser凝气器Feed 补给Removal除去,拆除,取出 Containment 安全壳Polishing抛光,磨光,清洗Volume容积;卷,册,书卷;音量,响度 Diverse不同的;多种多样的;变化的 Circulating循环的 ;流动的Actuation动作,驱动,开动,刺激 Processing处理,加工;调整,搬运 Standby备用的人或物,待命Diesel柴油机,内燃机Boiler锅炉,烧水器Storm drain暴雨水沟;暴雨下水道;雨水道Drain 耗尽;排水沟,排水管,下水道 Demineralize去除矿物质,软化,除盐;脱矿Non-class非安全Process过程Trace跟踪,追踪,痕迹Plant工厂,发电厂Cathodic阴极的,负极的;阴极保护 Feedwater给水Startup启动,启动选项Gland填料压盖Seal密封,阀座,密封面Generator发电机,信号发生器Heater 加热器Incore堆内;核心Lub oil润滑油,润滑剂Meteorology气象学,气象Monitoring监控,监测,监听,追踪 Mechanical handling 机械搬运,机械装卸 Operation操作,运行,运转Passive被动的,无源的,非能动的 Sampling抽样,取样 ,采样Potable可以喝的,适合饮用的 Coolant冷却剂,冷却液Roof屋顶,顶部Roof drain屋顶排水,屋顶排水口 Radiation 辐射,放射Residual剩余的,残余的Raw生的,原始的,天然的,未经处理过的 Sanitary卫生的,清洁的,保健的 Sanitary drainage 生活污水排放系统 Drainage 排水,放水;排水系统;下水道 Spent 消耗的,用过的,废的,好近的 Spent fuel乏燃料Seismic地震的,有关地震的Secondary 二回路Vent排气,通气,泄放Relief解除,减轻,排放Diognostic诊断的,判断的ventilation 通风,换气,通风设备 recirculation再循环habitability可居住,适居住性filtration过滤,筛选hydrogen氢气pump house泵房radwaste 放射性废物radwaste building废物厂房leak泄漏chilled以经冷却的annex附属物,附件,附属建筑gasous气体的,气态的,瓦斯的 transmission传输,传送,传递 switchyard户外配电装置offsite 厂区外的,装置外的onsite 现场,厂内excitation励磁,激发voltage电压,载波电压regulation整顿,调节,管理核物理基本概念ion离子system international 国际单位制 molecule分子atom原子,威力 ,原子能nucleus原子核,核心,核子coulomb库伦electron电子proton质子neutron中子defect缺损,缺陷binding 粘合,绑定nucleon核子kinetic动力的,运动的indentity 个性,特性potential潜在的,势的positively带正电的jump跃迁negatively负的,负电性的repulsion排斥,斥力;反感uncharted不带电的neutal中立的,中性的periodic table周期表bombardment轰击,轰炸emission排放,放射,发射atomic number原子序数mass number质量数energy level能级orbital 轨道,轨道的fission分裂,裂变;裂变增值isotope同位素fussion聚变occur发生,出现decay衰退,衰减,腐败,衰变artificial人工的,人造的,虚假的,人为地barium钡bond 连接,接合,键boron硼compound复合物,混合物,化合物 bismuth铋superscript上标,上角标subscript下标uranium铀plutonium钚oxygen氧气thorium钍lithium锂deuterium氘,重氢sodium钠reaction反应、tritium氚,超重氢 carbon碳helium氦,氦气transuranium铀后的,超铀的 radioactive放射性的fissionable可裂变的mean平均数,平均值weighted加权的,加权平均fissile易裂变fragment碎片,断片momentum动量macroscopic宏观的,肉眼可见的 microscopic微观的,显微的,精微的 electromagnetic电磁mesoscopic介观的electrostatic静电的,静电学的放射性Cosmic宇宙射线Inversel相反的Proportional成比例的Ionization电离Bremsstrahlung韧致辐射Inhale吸入,吸气Photon光子,光量子Scattering散射Shielding屏蔽Collision碰撞,冲突Positron正电子Aluminum铝Accelerator加速器Beryllium铍Annihilation湮灭,淹没 Interaction相互作用 Photoelectric光电的Effect效应,效用Ingest摄取,吞下核反应Attenuation衰减Recoil反冲,弹回Amplification放大Cadmium镉Transmutation转变,嬗变Cobalt钴Diffusion扩散Nitrogen氮气Mercury汞flux通量elastic弹性的neutrino中微子inelastic非弹性的radioisotope同位素section截面thermonuclear热核反应核材料Pellet燃料芯块Moderator慢化剂,减速剂Cladding覆层,包层,包壳Rod杆,棒Sublime升华Boric acid硼酸Chromium铬Swelling膨胀,肿胀,隆起Hafnium铪Burnup 燃耗,烧完Gadolinium钆Alloy合金Indium铟Magnox镁诺克斯合金Magnesium镁Zircloy 锆合金Nickel镍Compound合成,复合物,混合物,化合物 Zirconium锆Silicon硅Fission fragment裂变产物Graphite石墨Posion毒液,阴离子Pressing模制,压制Sintering烧结,溶结Oxidize氧化,使生锈Crack开裂,破裂Dioxide二氧化碳Fertile多产的,富饶的,可繁殖的 Hedrocarbon碳氢化合物Breeding增殖,再生Ratio比率,比例 Enriched浓缩的,富集的,强化的 Thermal热的,热量的Conductivity传导率,传导性Specific特有的,专门的,比的 Viscosity粘稠,粘性,粘度Saturation饱和,饱和度,饱和状态Flux通量,流动Shaping修整的,外形塑造Sustaining支持的,持续的Self-sustaining chain reaction自持链式反应Fast Neutron快中子Fuel cycle燃料循环Hexafluxride六氟化铀Critical临界的,极限的Centrifuge离心机Supercitical超临界Gaseous气体的,气态的Siffusion扩散Criticality临界(a)Refuel换料Critical size 临界尺寸Resonance共振,共鸣Elastic有弹性的,灵活的Core堆芯,活性区Facor系数,因子,因素Thermal utilization factor热中子利用系数 Blanket再生区、Slow down慢化Permeable可渗透的Membrane膜,薄膜Spin转转,偏转Depleted废弃的,贫化的Multiplication增殖,增加,乘法 Pressurized waterreactor压水反应堆,压水堆Margin裕度,边缘Moisture水汽,湿气Inservice inspection在役检查Steam dryer干燥器Internal内部的,里面的Fuel pellet燃料芯块Pressurizer加压器,稳压器Vessel导管,容器Reactor vassel.pressure vassel压力容器 Surge波浪,浪涌,涌Surge line波动管Sectional断面的,剖面的Sectional view剖视图Shim薄垫片Chemical shim control 化学补偿控制Pit坑,洞,深坑Reactor pit堆坑Element元素,元件Assembly组件Airtight密封的,不透气的 Mechanism机械装置,机构Nozzle喷嘴,管口,接管Seed点火区Plate板块,平板Utility用户,业主,业界Fuel assembly燃料组件Vendor卖主,供货商Inlet进口,入口Outlet出口Multiple多重的,多样的Barrier栅栏,屏障,障碍Barrel桶Core barrel堆芯吊篮Burnable absorber可燃吸收体 Redundancy多余,过多,冗长,冗余度 Diversity多样性Shell壳,外壳,壳体Steam line 蒸汽管线Contain包容Reactivity反应性Insert插入,嵌入Reactivity insertion反应性引入 Concentration浓度,浓缩,集中Load负荷,转载,负荷量Dilution稀释,摊薄Buildup累积,形成In-core detector system堆内测量系统 Self-powerd neutron detector 自给能中子探测器Axial power distribution轴向功率分布 Axial 轴的,轴向的Conditioning调节,调整 Distribution分布,分配Azimuthal方位的,方位角的Tilt倾斜,倾斜度Trip跳闸,错误,旅行Reactor trip反应堆紧急停堆Turbine trip气机脱扣Departure离开,出发,启程,背离,违反 Departure from nucleate boiling偏离泡核沸腾Nucleate成核的,有核的,具核的 Reliability可信度,可靠性Forging锻造Ring-forging环锻件Velocity速度,速率Surveillance监视,监督Specimen样品,抽样Bypass旁路,绕道,避开Mount安装,支架Phosphorous磷Austenitic奥氏体的Sulfur硫磺,硫Stainless不锈的Stainless steel 不锈钢Weld焊接Flange法兰,凸缘Threshold临界值,限值,阈值 Thermalcouple热电偶Engage接合,啮合,对位Nil零,无,零分Ductility延展性,延伸性Transition转变,转移,过度Nil-ductility transition temperature零延性转变温度Tapered逐渐变细的Fluence通量,注量率,影响Dome圆屋顶,像圆屋顶一样的东西 Integrated集成的,整合的,整体的 Shroud覆盖物,遮盖物,围板Burnable absorber rod 可燃吸收棒 Californium锎Creep潜变,蠕变Indium铟Lattice格子,框架,栅格Ceramic陶瓷的,陶器的Clearance间隙看,空隙Plug塞子,栓,阻力塞Contaminate污染,玷污Reactivity worth反应性价值Grid网格,格子,栅格Specific power比功率Inconel因科镍合金,镍铬合金 Antimony锑Inherent固有的,内在的,与生俱来的 Inherent safty固有安全性Cadmium镉Passive safety非能动安全Active 主动的,活动的Active safty能动安全Spider星形架Sleeve套管,套筒Spacer隔离物Spacer grid定位格架U-tube steam generator U型管蒸汽发生器 Rated 额定的,规定的Reted load额定负荷Azinuthal方位角的,方位的Clearance间隙Amplification放大,扩大,扩增Flux-shaping通量展平Effluent废水,流出物,污水 Radioactive effluent放射性流出物 Inelastic无弹性的,非弹性的Diffusion扩散,传播Head头,封头Mount安装,装Elastic弹性的Crust地壳,面包皮Seed点火区Electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射 Electric.cable电缆Forging锻造Emit发出,射出Flange法兰Be.inversely.proportional.to反比于 Proportional比例的,成比例的Recoil反冲,弹回Orbital轨道,轨道的Enthalpy焓 Weld焊,焊接Alloy合金Valence价,化合价Chemical.identity化学性质Annular环形的Activation product活化产物Delayed慢性的American nuclear society美国核学会 Excite激发,励磁American society of mechanical engineer 美国机械工程师协会Quench急速冷却,淬火Magenesium镁Magnox镁诺克斯合金Heatup加热,升温Friction摩擦,冲突Surveillance监视,监督管理Diverging渐扩的,发散的Wear磨损,损耗Converging收敛的,汇聚的,渐缩的 Concentration浓度,含量,浓缩 Repulsion排斥,厌恶,反感,斥力 Electrostatic静电的,电的Rupture断裂,破裂Sectional断面的,剖面的,部分的 Airtight气密的,密封的Gaseous气体的,气态的Gaseous diffusion process气体扩散工艺 Weighting factor权重因子Thermal shock热冲击Centrifuge离心机,使分离Centrifuge process离心工艺 Superscript上标Bremsstrahlung韧致辐射Hexafluoride六氟化物Uranium hexafluoride六氟化铀Entropy熵,平均信息量Sintering烧结,熔结Sublime升华Dome圆屋顶,圆顶Jump跃迁Service factor使用因子Blanket再生区Manually手动的,手工的Inservice.inspection在役检查 Attenuation衰减,减少Carbide 碳化物Steam line蒸汽管线Ceramic陶瓷的,陶器的Positron正电子Manufacturer制造商Confidence置信度,信心Thrust推力,推动力Neutrino中微子Swelling肿胀Out of service退役的Microscopic微观的,显微的Shroud围板Axial power distribution轴向功率分布 Draw a pressure steam bubble稳压器汽空间建立Tapered逐渐变细的,锥形的,渐缩的 Fouling污垢,结垢Contaminate污染,弄脏,玷污Self-powered neutron detector自给能中子探测器Inhale吸入,吸气Suction吸入口Plug阻力塞,塞子Dilution稀释Signal conditioning信号调理Quality质量,品质,蒸汽干度Spin旋转,偏转Annihilation湮灭Oxidize氧化,使生锈Specimen样品,式样,标本Blade,vane叶片,叶栅,轮叶Sump集水坑,污水坑Containment sump安全壳地坑Safety injection pump安注泵Primary outlet nozzle一次初接管 Primary inlet plenum一次进水室 Primary coolant一次冷却剂Cladding包壳,包层,覆层Saturation饱和,饱和度Threshold阈值,临界值Ductility延展性,柔软性,韧性Nil无,零,零分 Transition转变,转移,过度Nil-ductility transition trmperature零延性转变温度Vender,supplier卖主,供应商Full power(FP)满功率Moserater减速剂Revolution旋转,改革,革命Rpm=revolutions per minute转每分Rps=revolutions per second转没秒 Gland steam system密封蒸汽系统 Blowdown喷放,排污,突然爆裂 Departure离开,偏离Departure from nucleate boiling偏离泡核沸腾Depleted废弃的,贫化的Depleted uranium贫化铀Mean平均值,平均数Mean free path平均自由程Pneumatic气动的,风动的Pneumatic valve气动阀Turbine driven feedwater pump气动给水泵Turbine trip气机脱扣(甩负荷) Turbine generater汽轮发电机Latent潜伏的,潜在的Latent heat 潜热Chernobyl accident切尔诺贝利事故 Thermocouple热电偶,温差电偶 Thermal reactor热中子反应堆Thermalneutron热中子Redunda ncy过多,过度,冗余,冗余度 Conponent部件,元件,设备Graphite石墨Prompt瞬间的,临界的Prompt neutron瞬发中子Outrage停堆,停堆期Flow restrictor限流器Accumulater储压器,蓄压箱Fissile易裂变的Cosmic ray宇宙射线Reinforced加强的,加固的Margin边缘,裕度Prime mover原动力,发动者Nucleus原子核Nuclei原子核Boost pressure增压Booster pressure增压泵Breeding增殖Breeding ratio增殖比Fertile可繁殖的,可增殖的Fertile material增殖材料Lattice格子,框架Viscosity粘性,粘度Mega electron-volt兆电子伏Deflection折射Occupational exposure职业照射Non-return valve止回阀Mass defect质量亏损Defect欠缺,亏损Deuterium氘,重氢Transuranium超铀的,铀后面的 Transuranium element超铀元素Uranium carbide碳化铀Actinide锕系元素Fertile isotope增殖同位素Fusion融合,聚变,核聚变Cross section横截面,断面Fissile易裂变的Canadian deuterium and uranium reactor 加拿大重水铀反应堆British gas-cooled magnox reactor英国气冷堆High temperature gas cooled reactor高温气冷堆Reactor pressure vessel反应堆压力容器 Up closure head上封头Hydraulic水力的,液压的Hydraulic stud tensioner液压螺栓拉伸机(张紧机)Xenon氙Fast breeder reactor快中子增殖堆 Advanced reactor先进反应堆European pressurized water reactor(EPR) Control element assembly控制棒组件(CEA)Control element drive mechanism控制棒驱动机构(CEDM)Barrel吊篮,桶 Reactor vassel internals反应堆内构件 Swelling肿胀,浮肿Corrode腐蚀,浸蚀Integrity完整,完全,完整性Reactor coolant pump 反应堆主泵(RCP) Shaft轴,传动轴Seal密封,封住Shaft seal pump轴封泵Nuclear steam supply system核蒸汽供应系统(NSSS)Primary system一回路系统Pressurizer稳压器(PRZ)Surge line波动管Feed regulating valve给水调节阀 Steam generater(SG)蒸汽发生器Main steam line(MSL)主蒸汽管Moisture separater reheater(MSR)汽水分离再热器(normal/abnormal)operating condition 运行工况Operater操纵员Maintenance维护,维修,保养 Surveillance监视,监督,监测Feed (water) pump给水泵Foundation地基,基础Stack烟囱,烟道Penetration穿透,贯穿件Nuclear island核岛Conventional非核的,常规的,常见的 Balance of plant(BOP)核电厂配套子项 Auxiliary system for primary loop一回路辅助系统Chemical and volume control system(CVCS)化学与容积控制系统Engineered safety feature(ESF)专设安全设施Residual heat-removal system(RHRS)余热排出系统Emergency core cooling system(ECCS)应急堆芯冷却系统Safety injection system(SI)安注系统 Refueling water storage tank(IRWST)换料水箱Diesel柴油机车,内燃机Diesel generator柴油发电机 Automatic protective system(APS)自动保护系统Instrument and control system(A&C system)仪控系统Scram/trip紧急停堆Outage 中断,停运Refueling outage换料停堆Full power operation满功率运行 Insertion插入Withdrawal抽出Reactor regulating system(RRS)反应堆调节系统Transient 瞬态,瞬时,不稳定的 Decay heat衰变热Void coefficient空泡系数Act法案Guidance导则Criteria标准,条件,准则 Radioactivity放射性Scatter分散,散射,散开Diffraction衍射Commission调试Decommissioning退役Main control room主控制室Reactivity insertion accident(RIA)反应性引入事故Inherent固有的,内在的,与生俱来的 Inherent safety固有安全Passive 被动 的,无源的Passive safety非能动安全 Redundancy冗余,过多,冗余度 Diversity多样性,多样化Regulation监管,规则Ionization电离Annihilate湮灭Attenuate 衰减的,减少Projectile 入射离子,抛射Irradiation辐射 照射Exposure照射Fluence注量Dose剂量,一剂药Equivalent当量,等量的Dose equivalent 剂量当量 Coma昏迷Cramp绞痛,抽筋World association of nuclear operators世界核电运营者协会Momentum动量,动力Diarrhea腹泻,拉肚子Tremor颤抖,发抖Vomit呕吐Somatic肉体的,身体的Symptom症状,征兆Therapy治疗,疗法Activation活化,激活Activation product活化产物Effluent废水,污水Natural background天然本底Spectrum谱,光谱,频谱,波谱Radon氡Disposal处理,处置Inertia惯性Magnitude重要性,数量级Eliminate消除,排除,根除 Mechanism ,approach,priciple,theory 机理,原理Susceptible敏感的,易受影响的Toxic有毒的Acute急剧的,极大地,严重的Seismic地震的Tornado旋风,龙卷风Heat sink热阱Coastdown惰转Excursion漂移Power excursion功率漂移Postulate假定,假设Ductility延展性Demonstration reactor示范堆 Prototype原型,蓝本Prototype reactor原型堆Commercial reactor商用堆Blanket转换区Breeding region增殖区Shim rod补偿棒Neutron source中子源Core grid堆芯栅板Reactor lattice反应堆栅格Cell栅元Core barrel堆芯吊篮Control rod drive mechanism控制板驱动机构Pressure Housing耐压壳Moderator慢化剂Irradiation rig辐照装置Reflector反射层Rabbi shuttle跑兔Black黑体Grey灰体Conversion转换Criticality临界Criticalsize临界尺寸Critical volume临界体积Subcriticality次临界Supercriticality超临界Group cross section群截面Neutron diffusion中子扩散Diffusion equation扩散方程 Undermoderated欠慢化 Overmoderated过慢化Flux flattening通量展平Critical position of control rod临界棒位 Shimming补偿Chemical shimming control化学补偿控制 Excess reactivity剩余反应性Reactivity feedback反应性系数 Reactivity coefficient 反应性系数 Temperature coefficient of reactivity反应性温度系数Load factor负荷因子After heat剩余释热Decay heat衰变热Decay power衰变功率Subcooled boiling欠热沸腾Nucleate boiling泡核沸腾Film boiling膜态沸腾Critical heat flux临界热流密度Initial core初始堆芯Scheduled discharge specific burnup计划卸料比燃耗Optimum specific burnup最佳比燃耗 Fission poison裂变毒物 Xenon equilibrium氙平衡Chemical and volume control system化学和容积控制系统Volume control tank容积控制箱 Protection system保护系统Safety action 安全动作Active component能动部件Engineered safety feature专设安全设施 High head safety injection system高压安全注射系统Low head safety injection system低压安全注射系统Accumulator安全注射箱Core spray system堆芯冷却系统 Suppression压制Pressure suppression system压力抑制系统 Recirculation再循环地坑 Recombination复合,再结合Equipment hatch设备闸门Air lock气密闸门Shutdown cooling system停堆冷却系统 Refueling water tank换料水箱Fuel handling and storge system换料装卸和贮存系统Fuel transfer tube燃料运输通道New fuel elevator新燃料升降机Fuel transfer carriage燃料运输小车 Rotating plug旋转屏蔽塞Liquid metal seal液态金属密封In-vessel refueling machine堆内换料机 Primary circuit 一回路 Commissioning调试,试运行Startup test of reactor反应堆启动测试 Precritical临界前试验Power ascension test功率提升试验 Leakage rate 泄漏率Endurance test强度测试Fuel loading装料Reactor start up反应堆启动Shuffing 倒料Discharge卸料Shutdown停堆Shutdown安全停堆Hot standby热备用Boron injection硼注入Dilution稀释,摊薄Outage中断,停机,停运 Decommissioning退役,解除运作Safety system setpoint安全系统整定值 Defence in depth纵深防御Anticipated预期的,预计的 Anticipated operational occurrences预计运行事件Accident condition事故工况Severe accident严重事故Accident management事故处理Design basis accident设计基准事故 Phase阶段,时期Injection phase注入阶段 Recirculation phase再循环阶段Loss of electrical load accident负荷丧失事故Loss of main feed water accident主给水丧失事故Fuel misposition accident燃料错位事故 Critical accident临界事故Control rod stuck卡棒事故Ejection accident弹棒事故Main steam line breake accident主蒸汽管道破裂事故Cladding ballooning包壳臌胀Cladding collapse包壳塌陷Common cause failure共因故障 Redundancy多重性,冗余,冗余度 Specification技术规格书Non-conformance不符合项,不合格项 Audit 监查,审查Per capita人均的,每人Spontaneous自发得 ,无意识的 Undergo经历,发生Emission发射,放射,排放Nuclei核,原子核,核心Scattering散射,分散,散布 Liberation解放,释放Sufficient足够的,充足的Plutonium钚Combustion燃烧,燃烧过程Strike打击,撞,碰 Graphite石墨Instrumentation测量仪表 Conventional常规的,常用的Sensor传感器Convection传送,对流Corrosion腐蚀Chloride氯化物Hazard危险Philosophy哲学Malfunction故障,误动作Postulate假Actinides锕系元素Active放射性的,有源的Acute exposure急性照射 Americium镅Arming system保险解除系统 Assignment批量Demolition爆破Munition弹药,军火Attenuation衰减Attrition消耗,损耗Inventory详细清单Beryllium铍Beta gauge测量计Biological dosimeter生物剂量仪 Bismuth铋Black lead石墨Blanket增殖区Blast爆炸,爆破Blast wave冲击波Boron trifuoride三氟化硼 Contaminate污染,玷污,沾染 Brown oxidizer二氧化铀Buffer缓冲,缓冲剂Byproduct material副产物 Californium锎Calutron同位素分离器Deuterium氘,重氢Carnotite钒钾铀矿Cavity ionization chamber空腔电离室 Centrifuge离心机Cesium铯Challenge inspection质疑监查 Civilian use民用Cobalt钴Prohibition禁止Destruction销毁Destruction毁灭,消灭Ceal隐藏,隐瞒Constant常量Radiant发光的,辐射的Ratio 比例,常数Continuous monitoring连续监测 Counter计数管Critical accident临界事故Cyclotron回旋加速器Decommission退役Density gauge密度计 Denuclearization非核化Depleted uranium贫铀Deployment部署Desired ground zero预计爆心投影点 Deterministic effect确定效应 Deterrence威慑Detonator引爆装置,雷管Dewar flask杜瓦瓶Dismantlement拆除Curve曲线,弧线Dual-use两用Dynamic pressure and overpressure动压与超压Electronvolt(ev)电子伏特Shock wave冲击波Emergency Standby紧急待命 Enrichment浓缩Escalation逐步升级,扩大,增加 Euratom欧洲原子能中心Evaluation评价Evaluation of radiation protetion辐射防护评价Excitation激发,激起Excuting commander执行指挥官 External irradiation外照射Fuel fabrication燃料组合Gas centrifuge 气体离心Gaseous diffusion气体扩散Geiger-muller counter盖革米勒计数器 Germanium锗 High leve waste强放射性废物High yield test高威力试验 Implosion bomb内爆法炸弹Induce引起,感应,感生Initiation引发Initiator起爆器Intermediate中间的,中级的 Intervention介入,干涉,干预 Iridium铱Radius半径Cruiser巡洋舰Krypton氪Nitrogen氮Lithium锂Permissiable允许Lethal致命的,致死的 Demolition爆破Munitions弹药,军需品Milling研磨Mini-nuke小型核武器Molecular分子Medium中型的Negligible微小的,轻微的 Comprehensive广泛的,综合的,全面的 Neptunium镎Neutrino中微子Nominal名义上的,标称的Artillery炮兵,大炮Aviation航空,航空工业,飞行 Warfare战争Bonus奖金,红利,意外收获 Collateral附属的Nuclear column核柱Assessment评估,估计、 Deterrent威慑,制止Doctrine声明,教条Isobar同量异位素Resonance共振,共鸣 Proliferation扩散Propulsion推进Spin自旋Abstract文摘Stockpile储存,储备Burst爆炸Survivability生存能力Threshold阈值,门槛 Transmutation转变 Transformation转变Vulnerability弱点Degradation退化Maneuver手法,操作法Yield当量Nucleon核子Hucleus原子核Nuclide核素Optimization最优化,优化 Optimum最佳Osmium鋨Photon光子Aggragate集合,总数Plasma等离子体Plumbago石墨Plutonium钚Poison毒物Polonium钋Positron正电子,阳离子 Preinitiation提前起爆Prescribed规定的,法定的Prompt neutron瞬发中子 Proportional counter正比计数管 Quality factor品质因子 Contaminiation沾染Meter仪Weighting权重Debris碎片,残渣Leakage 泄漏Radiological放射性的Radiology放射学Radiometric辐射测量的,放射测量的 Radon氡Rarefaction稀薄的Residual剩余的,残余的 Scintillation counter闪烁计数器、 Scintillator闪烁体 Semiconductor detector半导体探测器 Shallow浅的Sievert希沃特Sodium钠 Dome圆顶屋Stochastic随机的,可能的Standstill停止,停顿Strategic bomber战略轰炸机 Strontium锶Subcritical亚临界Surveillance监测Tactical nuclear weapons战术核武器 Target organ靶器官Tellurium碲Thorium钍Transmutation核嬗变Trigger触发器Tritium氚Unsealed未密封的Uranium Hexafluoride六氟化铀 Uranium mining and milling铀矿开采与选矿Uranium trtrafluoride四氟化铀 Verification核查Regime政权,制度Vertical垂直的,纵向的Vitrification玻璃化Reserve储备,保留,预备Weapon grade plutonium武器级钚 Withhold限制,抑制Stock储备Laser激光器Yellowcake黄饼Zirconium锆Auxiliary 辅助的,备用的Blowdown 冷却管突然爆裂,排污管 Compress 压缩,精简Instrument仪器,乐器,工具,仪表 Component组件,部件,成分,设备 Condensate 凝结水,冷凝水,凝结 Condenser凝气器Feed 补给Removal除去,拆除,取出 Containment 安全壳Polishing抛光,磨光,清洗Volume容积;卷,册,书卷;音量,响度 Diverse不同的;多种多样的;变化的 Circulating循环的 ;流动的Actuation动作,驱动,开动,刺激 Processing处理,加工;调整,搬运 Standby备用的人或物,待命Diesel柴油机,内燃机Boiler锅炉,烧水器Storm drain暴雨水沟;暴雨下水道;雨水道Drain 耗尽;排水沟,排水管,下水道 Demineralize去除矿物质,软化,除盐;脱矿Non-class非安全Process过程Trace跟踪,追踪,痕迹Plant工厂,发电厂Cathodic阴极的,负极的;阴极保护 Feedwater给水Startup启动,启动选项Gland填料压盖Seal密封,阀座,密封面Generator发电机,信号发生器Heater 加热器Incore堆内;核心Lub oil润滑油,润滑剂Meteorology气象学,气象Monitoring监控,监测,监听,追踪 Mechanical handling 机械搬运,机械装卸 Operation操作,运行,运转Passive被动的,无源的,非能动的 Sampling抽样,取样 ,采样Potable可以喝的,适合饮用的Coolant冷却剂,冷却液Roof屋顶,顶部Roof drain屋顶排水,屋顶排水口 Radiation 辐射,放射Residual剩余的,残余的Raw生的,原始的,天然的,未经处理过的 Sanitary卫生的,清洁的,保健的 Sanitary drainage 生活污水排放系统 Drainage 排水,放水;排水系统;下水道 Spent 消耗的,用过的,废的,好近的 Spent fuel乏燃料Seismic地震的,有关地震的Secondary 二回路Vent排气,通气,泄放 Relief解除,减轻,排放 Diognostic诊断的,判断的 ventilation 通风,换气,通风设备 recirculation再循环habitability可居住,适居住性 filtration过滤,筛选hydrogen氢气pump house泵房radwaste 放射性废物radwaste building废物厂房leak泄漏chilled以经冷却的annex附属物,附件,附属建筑 gasous气体的,气态的,瓦斯的 transmission传输,传送,传递 switchyard户外配电装置offsite 厂区外的,装置外的 onsite 现场,厂内excitation励磁,激发voltage电压,载波电压 regulation整顿,调节,管理核物理基本概念ion离子system international 国际单位制 molecule分子atom原子,威力 ,原子能 nucleus原子核,核心,核子 coulomb库伦electron电子proton质子neutron中子defect缺损,缺陷binding 粘合,绑定nucleon核子kinetic动力的,运动的indentity 个性,特性potential潜在的,势的 positively带正电的jump跃迁negatively负的,负电性的 repulsion排斥,斥力;反感 uncharted不带电的neutal中立的,中性的periodic table周期表bombardment轰击,轰炸emission排放,放射,发射atomic number原子序数mass number质量数energy level能级orbital 轨道,轨道的fission分裂,裂变;裂变增值isotope同位素fussion聚变occur发生,出现decay衰退,衰减,腐败,衰变artificial人工的,人造的,虚假的,人为地barium钡bond 连接,接合,键boron硼compound复合物,混合物,化合物 bismuth铋superscript上标,上角标subscript下标uranium铀plutonium钚oxygen氧气thorium钍lithium锂deuterium氘,重氢sodium钠reaction反应、tritium氚,超重氢carbon碳helium氦,氦气transuranium铀后的,超铀的 radioactive放射性的fissionable可裂变的mean平均数,平均值weighted加权的,加权平均fissile易裂变fragment碎片,断片momentum动量macroscopic宏观的,肉眼可见的 microscopic微观的,显微的,精微的 electromagnetic电磁mesoscopic介观的 electrostatic静电的,静电学的放射性Cosmic宇宙射线Inversel相反的Proportional成比例的 Ionization电离 Bremsstrahlung韧致辐射 Inhale吸入,吸气Photon光子,光量子 Scattering散射Shielding屏蔽Collision碰撞,冲突Positron正电子Aluminum铝Accelerator加速器Beryllium铍Annihilation湮灭,淹没 Interaction相互作用 Photoelectric光电的Effect效应,效用Ingest摄取,吞下核反应Attenuation衰减Recoil反冲,弹回 Amplification放大Cadmium镉Transmutation转变,嬗变 Cobalt钴Diffusion扩散Nitrogen氮气Mercury汞flux通量elastic弹性的neutrino中微子inelastic非弹性的 radioisotope同位素section截面thermonuclear热核反应核材料Pellet燃料芯块Moderator慢化剂,减速剂Cladding覆层,包层,包壳Rod杆,棒Sublime升华Boric acid硼酸Chromium铬Swelling膨胀,肿胀,隆起Hafnium铪Burnup 燃耗,烧完Gadolinium钆Alloy合金Indium铟Magnox镁诺克斯合金Magnesium镁Zircloy 锆合金Nickel镍Compound合成,复合物,混合物,化合物 Zirconium锆Silicon硅Fission fragment裂变产物Graphite石墨Posion毒液,阴离子Pressing模制,压制Sintering烧结,溶结Oxidize氧化,使生锈Crack开裂,破裂Dioxide二氧化碳Fertile多产的,富饶的,可繁殖的 Hedrocarbon碳氢化合物Breeding增殖,再生Ratio比率,比例Enriched浓缩的,富集的,强化的 Thermal热的,热量的Conductivity传导率,传导性Specific特有的,专门的,比的 Viscosity粘稠,粘性,粘度Saturation饱和,饱和度,饱和状态 Flux通量,流动Shaping修整的,外形塑造Sustaining支持的,持续的Self-sustaining chain reaction自持链式反应Fast Neutron快中子Fuel cycle燃料循环Hexafluxride六氟化铀 Critical临界的,极限的Centrifuge离心机Supercitical超临界Gaseous气体的,气态的Siffusion扩散Criticality临界(a)Refuel换料Critical size 临界尺寸Resonance共振,共鸣Elastic有弹性的,灵活的Core堆芯,活性区Facor系数,因子,因素Thermal utilization factor热中子利用系数 Blanket再生区、Slow down慢化Permeable可渗透的Membrane膜,薄膜Spin转转,偏转Depleted废弃的,贫化的Multiplication增殖,增加,乘法 Pressurized waterreactor压水反应堆,压水堆Margin裕度,边缘Moisture水汽,湿气Inservice inspection在役检查Steam dryer干燥器Internal内部的,里面的Fuel pellet燃料芯块Pressurizer加压器,稳压器Vessel导管,容器Reactor vassel.pressure vassel压力容器 Surge波浪,浪涌,涌Surge line波动管Sectional断面的,剖面的Sectional view剖视图Shim薄垫片Chemical shim control 化学补偿控制Pit坑,洞,深坑Reactor pit堆坑Element元素,元件Assembly组件Airtight密封的,不透气的Mechanism机械装置,机构Nozzle喷嘴,管口,接管Seed点火区Plate板块,平板Utility用户,业主,业界Fuel assembly燃料组件Vendor卖主,供货商Inlet进口,入口Outlet出口Multiple多重的,多样的Barrier栅栏,屏障,障碍Barrel桶Core barrel堆芯吊篮Burnable absorber可燃吸收体 Redundancy多余,过多,冗长,冗余度 Diversity多样性Shell壳,外壳,壳体Steam line 蒸汽管线Contain包容Reactivity反应性Insert插入,嵌入Reactivity insertion反应性引入 Concentration浓度,浓缩,集中Load负荷,转载,负荷量Dilution稀释,摊薄Buildup累积,形成In-core detector system堆内测量系统 Self-powerd neutron detector 自给能中子探测器Axial power distribution轴向功率分布 Axial 轴的,轴向的Conditioning调节,调整Distribution分布,分配Azimuthal方位的,方位角的Tilt倾斜,倾斜度Trip跳闸,错误,旅行Reactor trip反应堆紧急停堆Turbine trip气机脱扣Departure离开,出发,启程,背离,违反 Departure from nucleate boiling偏离泡核沸腾Nucleate成核的,有核的,具核的 Reliability可信度,可靠性Forging锻造Ring-forging环锻件Velocity速度,速率 Surveillance监视,监督Specimen样品,抽样Bypass旁路,绕道,避开Mount安装,支架Phosphorous磷Austenitic奥氏体的Sulfur硫磺,硫Stainless不锈的Stainless steel 不锈钢Weld焊接Flange法兰,凸缘Threshold临界值,限值,阈值 Thermalcouple热电偶Engage接合,啮合,对位Nil零,无,零分Ductility延展性,延伸性Transition转变,转移,过度Nil-ductility transition temperature零延性转变温度Tapered逐渐变细的Fluence通量,注量率,影响Dome圆屋顶,像圆屋顶一样的东西 Integrated集成的,整合的,整体的 Shroud覆盖物,遮盖物,围板Burnable absorber rod 可燃吸收棒 Californium锎Creep潜变,蠕变Indium铟Lattice格子,框架,栅格Ceramic陶瓷的,陶器的Clearance间隙看,空隙Plug塞子,栓,阻力塞Contaminate污染,玷污Reactivity worth反应性价值Grid网格,格子,栅格Specific power比功率Inconel因科镍合金,镍铬合金 Antimony锑Inherent固有的,内在的,与生俱来的 Inherent safty固有安全性Cadmium镉Passive safety非能动安全Active 主动的,活动的Active safty能动安全Spider星形架Sleeve套管,套筒Spacer隔离物Spacer grid定位格架U-tube steam generator U型管蒸汽发生器 Rated 额定的,规定的Reted load额定功率Spray喷雾,喷淋系统Auxiliary辅助的,辅助设备Feed and condensate system 给水与凝汽系统Hot leg热管段Cold leg冷管段Charge上充Letdown下泄Plugging堵漏,封堵Margin差额,储备,裕量Tube plugging margin堵管裕量In the event of在…情况下Backup备用的,备份,后备Heat exchanger换热器Overpressure protection过压保护 Economizer节约装置,节热器,省煤器 Tank槽,油箱,罐Inlet 入口,进口Plenum充实,充满,高压Inlet plenum一次进口水室Nozzle管嘴,喷嘴,管口Primary inlet nozzle一次进口接管 Outlet plenum一次出口水室Tubesheet管板Valve阀门,阀,气门Safety valve安全阀Relief valve泄压阀Downcomer下导管,下降段Quality(蒸汽)干度Void空的,空虚的Fraction分数,小部分Void fraction空泡份额Full power满功率Thermal shock热冲击Rated power额定功率Quench急冷,骤冷Light water reactor Ultimate最终的,最后的,终极的Sink 水池,水槽Ultimate最终热阱Thermal engine热机Primary loop一次回路Prime最初的,原始的Mover推进器,发动机Prime mover原动机Secondary loop二次回路Enthalpy焓Balance of plant核电厂配套子项 Entropy熵,平局信息量Primary pressureboundary一次压力边界 Feedback反馈Isolation隔离Isolation valve隔离阀Pneumatic气动的,风动的,充气的,由压缩空气操作的Pneumatic valve气动阀门Failure 失效,失败,故障Injection注射,注入,喷入Safety injection pump安注泵Fault 故障Malfunction故障,误动作,失灵 Containment安全壳Carnot efficiency卡诺效率Reinforced加固的,加强的,加钢筋的 Reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土Engine efficiency热机效率 Prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力钢筋混凝土Hot reservoir高温热源,储蓄器Cold reservoir低温热源Psi=pounds per aquare inch gauge英制压力单位Refueling换料Annular环形的,环状的Emergency core-cooling system应急堆芯冷却系统Latent 潜伏的,潜在的,隐藏的Latent heat潜热Sensible 可感觉到的,意识到,认识到 Sensible heat显热Bleed出血,流血Feed and bleed补水与排水Hydroxide氢氧化物Engineered safety features专设安全设施 Sodium hydroxide氢氧化钠Caustic苛性的,腐蚀性的,氢氧化钠 Component cooling system设备冷却水系统 Startup启动Missile飞射物,导弹Accumulator 蓄压器,蓄压箱Sump 污水坑,水槽,水坑 Containment sump安全壳地坑Motor-driven valve电动阀Flywheel飞轮Be referded to as 被称为…Blade、 bucket、 vane 叶片,叶栅 Casing缸体,箱体Work功Thrust推力,塞Impulse冲动,冲击,推动Impulse turbine冲动式汽轮机Reaction反动,反作用力,反力,反作用 Reaction turbine反冲动式汽轮机 Lashing捆扎加固Moisture水分水汽,湿气Moisture removal除湿Impulse stage 冲动级Reaction stage 反动级Throttle节流,调节,减速,节流阀Stop-throttle valve节流阀Torque扭矩Degree of reactionf反动度Revolution旋转,运转Rev/s=revolutions per second每秒…转 Rpm=revolutions per minute每分钟…转 Converging渐缩的Diverging渐扩的Nozzle喷嘴,接管Turbine generator汽轮发电机moisture separator reheater汽水分离再热器turbine driven feedwater pump 气动给水泵gland压盖,密封gland steam system密封蒸汽系统 steam dump蒸汽排放flow restrictior 限流器main team isolation valve主蒸汽隔离阀 unit机组,单位,单元hotwell热阱regulating调节,调整feed regulating valve给水流量调节阀 feedwater header给水联箱 regenerative feed heating cycle给水回热循环drain疏水step change阶跃变化wear磨损,损耗ramp change线性变化fouling污垢,结垢overflow溢出,溢流overflow valve溢流阀inventory装量,库存process steam工艺汽dump释放,排放steam dump蒸汽释放trip scram紧急停堆condenser steam dump冷凝器排放 shutdown关机,停堆atmospheric steam dump大气排放 outrage停堆期deoxidizer steam dump除氧器排放 manually手动的,手工的electric cable 电缆automatically自动的,机械的auxiliary feed water system 辅助给水系统 mass flow rate质量流率shutoff valve 关断阀shutoff停止,关闭differential pressure,pressure differential压差code of federal regulations联邦管理法规 condensate凝结液booster升压器,增压器booster pump 增压泵head水压 ,压头turbine trip气机甩扣suction 抽,吸,吸入口process heat 工艺热。
核能利弊中英文

核能在新能源中的地位和作用The role of nuclear energy in new energies核能主要用于军事武器,核电和提供动力。
Nuclear energy is mainly used for making military weapons, producing nuclear po wer and providing power.人们看好核能是因为传统化石能源储量有限,现在世界人口超过60亿,比19世纪增加了两倍多,能源消费增加了16倍,能源消费也不断增加,按照目前消费水平:石油还能够用46年,天然气还能够用65年,而煤炭也只够用200多年。
而相对应的可再生资源,像水力,风能,潮汐能和太阳能,又因规模受到环境,季节,地理环境等条件的限制,而且现在的开发技术不足,很难得到充分利用。
核能因为在地球中储量丰富,像海水中氘,有两千多亿顿,可用上千亿年,矿石中的铀能用2000多年。
而且所释放的能量比全世界所有能量综合还要大上千万倍,被称为“无穷的能源”。
Because of the limitation of traditional fossil energy reserves, people pay great attention to nuclear energy. Now there are over 6 billion people in the w orld, which is more than three times of that in the 19th century. And there are more than 16-fold increase in energy consumption. According to the current consumption level, the oil w ill be used up in 46 years, natural gas w ill be used up in 65 years, and the coal is onl y enough for over 200 years. How ever, it is di f ficult to make full utilization of the corresponding renewable resources such as hydro, w ind, tidal and solar energy in that the scales of them are limited by environmental, seasonal, and geographical conditions. Besides, the lack of development technology i s also a problem. Nuclear energy is abundant in the E arth, for example, there are over two hundred billion tons of deuterium in sea water. It could be used for hundreds of billions of years i f its great changes can be controlled. Uranium in ores can be used for more than 2,000 years. And the energies they release are million times of that of the integration of all world's energy, w hich is known as the "infinite energy."下图是非污染能源的结构比例,其中核能占绝大部分,占百分之70,因此核能也被称为最安全最清洁,经济效益最高的电力资源。
中国的核应急白皮书(中英对照)

中国的核应急(中英对照白皮书2016)来源:国新办/英文巴士中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室The State Council Information Office of the People‘s Republic of China2016年1月January, 2016目录Contents前言Preface一、核能发展与核应急基本形势I. Current Situation of Nuclear Energy Development and Nuclear Emergency Preparedness二、核应急方针政策II. Guidelines and Policies for Nuclear Emergency Preparedness三、核应急―一案三制‖建设III. All-round Promotion of Nuclear Emergency Preparedness四、核应急能力建设与保持IV. Building and Maintenance of Nuclear Emergency Capabilities五、核事故应对处置主要措施V. Main Measures to Cope with Nuclear Accidents六、核应急演习演练、培训与公众沟通VI. Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Exercises, Drills, Training and Public Communication七、核应急科技创新VII. Scientific and Technological Innovations in Nuclear Emergency Preparedness八、核应急国际合作与交流VIII. International Cooperation and Exchanges in the Field of Nuclear Emergency Preparedness结束语Conclusion前言Preface原子的发现和核能的开发利用给人类社会发展带来新的动力,极大增强人类认识世界和改造世界的能力。
核安全与核安全文化

核安全的监管机构 :各国政府设立专 门的监管机构,负 责对核设施、核活 动和核材料进行监 管,确保核安全。
国际原子能机构 (IAEA)制定的 核安全基本安全标 准
核安全导则和指南
国家核安全法规和 标准
核安全监管机构的 监督和检查
核安全监管机构:国家核安全局 职责:制定核安全法规和标准,监督核设施的安全运行,确保核安全符合 国际标准 监管范围:核设施、核材料、核技术应用等
添加标题
汇报人:
核安全文化的实践:在核设施运行、核技术应用、核燃料循环等环 节中落实核安全文化理念,加强安全管理,提高应急处置能力
核安全文化的评估与改进:定期对核安全文化进行评估,发现问题 及时整改,不断完善核安全文化体系
核电站:介绍核电站的核安全文化建设实践,包括安全管理制度、员工培训、应急预案等方面 的内容。
Part Five
核能认知:公 众对核能的基 本了解和认识
程度
核能态度:支 持或反对核能 发展的观点和
立场
影响因素:媒 体报道、专家 意见、政府政 策等对公众认 知和态度的影
响
提高意识:加 强核能教育, 提高公众对核 能安全和环保 等方面的认知
水平
核能安全信息的公开:政府和核能机构有责任向公众公开核能安全相关 信息,包括核设施的运行情况、辐射水平、应急准备等。
核安全文化强调预 防措施和持续改进 ,鼓励员工积极提 出改进意见和建议 ,以不断完善核安 全管理体系。
核能发展的初期阶段:核安全文化概念的形成 核能发展的成熟阶段:核安全文化的实践与推广 核能发展的新兴阶段:核安全文化的创新与提升 核安全文化的未来展望:持续发展与完善
核安全:确保核设施、核材料和核技术安全,防止核事故发生 责任:政府、企业和个人对核安全负有共同责任 公开透明:及时公开核安全相关信息,接受社会监督 合作共赢:加强国际合作,共同应对核安全挑战
核能科普宣传 英语作文

Nuclear Energy: The Science and ItsApplicationsIn today's world, the demand for clean and sustainable energy sources is ever-growing. Among the various options available, nuclear energy stands out as a promising alternative. It offers a significant amount of energy with minimal carbon emissions, making it a viable choice for powering our future. However, the concept of nuclear energy often elicits mixed reactions due to its complex nature and associated risks. Therefore, it is crucial to disseminate accurate and comprehensive information about nuclear energy to the public.Nuclear energy is derived from the splitting or fusionof atomic nuclei, a process that releases vast amounts of energy. In nuclear fission, heavy nuclei are split into smaller ones, releasing energy in the form of heat. This heat is then used to generate steam, which powers turbines and generates electricity. On the other hand, nuclearfusion involves combining light nuclei to form heavier ones, releasing even more energy. While fusion technology isstill in its developmental stage, it has the potential to provide an almost limitless supply of clean energy.The benefits of nuclear energy are numerous. It is a highly efficient source of energy, generating large amounts of electricity with relatively small amounts of fuel. This makes it particularly suitable for countries with limited fossil fuel resources. Additionally, nuclear energy produces minimal carbon emissions, making it a viable option for mitigating climate change. Nuclear power plants also have a high capacity factor, meaning they can operate continuously for extended periods, providing a reliable source of electricity.However, the risks associated with nuclear energy cannot be ignored. The most significant concern is the potential for radioactive waste to cause harm to humans and the environment. Radioactive waste remains hazardous for thousands of years, requiring careful management and disposal. Additionally, nuclear accidents, such as the ones at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima, have demonstrated the potential for catastrophic consequences if safety measures are not strictly adhered to.Despite these risks, nuclear energy can be safely harnessed with proper technology and strict safety regulations. Modern nuclear power plants are designed with multiple layers of safety measures to prevent accidents and minimize the potential for radioactive releases. Additionally, advancements in nuclear technology, such as the development of small modular reactors and Generation IV reactors, are making nuclear energy safer and more efficient.Moreover, the international community has recognized the importance of nuclear safety and security. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) plays a pivotal role in promoting the safe and secure use of nuclear technology worldwide. It provides guidance, assistance, and oversight to ensure that nuclear facilities comply with international safety standards.In conclusion, nuclear energy presents a unique opportunity to meet the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy. While it carries inherent risks, these can be mitigated through proper technology, strict safety regulations, and international cooperation. It is essentialto disseminate accurate and comprehensive information about nuclear energy to the public, fostering a better understanding of its potential benefits and associated challenges. By doing so, we can make informed decisions about the role of nuclear energy in powering our future.**核能:科学与应用**在当今世界,对清洁和可持续能源的需求日益增长。
名词解释:核安全文化

名词解释:核安全文化一、“核安全文化”的定义在《核安全文化》(INSAG-4)中,国际原子能机构(IAEA)的国际核安全咨询专家组(INSAG)对“核安全文化”给出的定义为:核安全文化是存在于组织和个人中的种种特性和态度的总和,它建立一种超出一切之上的观念,即核电厂的安全问题由于它的重要性必须保证得到应有的重视。
“核安全文化”是“企业文化”管理理论在核能界的运用,具有“企业文化”的基本特征,是对国际上一些重大核安全事故深刻反思的结果,作为一种安全管理的基本原则,是核能界在核安全管理方面的必然结果和要求。
核安全文化的精髓就是对核安全的重视和关注,是以核安全为核心的,具有一种超出一切的观念,它与核安全管理原则一道,构成促使核安全水平达到最高水平的保障。
二、核安全管理思想的实质“通过保证设备、程序、人和管理体系的质量来保证核安全”是核安全管理思想的实质。
在核电站设计、安装、调试和运行中,设备、程序的可靠性是核安全的保证,而设备、程序的可靠性正是来源于其质量;在上述活动中,人为因素的失误是对核安全的威胁之一,由技能、经验和意识所构成“人”的质量,是减少直至杜绝人为因素的失误的必需保障;作为指挥和控制核电站相关活动的核质保管理体系,综合了设备、程序和人等众多因素,其质量(包括适宜性、充分性和有效性)更是核安全必不可少的保证。
三、当今先进的核安全管理思想当今核安全管理思想是吸取一些重大核事故教训后总结归纳的智慧结晶,其实质体现了先进的核安全管理理念:在核安全文化建设中,同时强调组织系统的建设、个人对核安全的贡献以及组织和个人的持续改进。
四、核安全文化的内涵1、核安全文化的组成核安全文化由两个主要方面组成:一是由组织政策和管理活动所确定的安全体系,二是个人在体系中的工作表现。
所谓“组织政策和管理活动所确定的安全体系”,是明确和落实组织中必要的体系以及各级管理层的责任,并通过管理活动实现组织确定的方针、目标,以保证核安全;所谓“个人在体系中的工作表现”,是组织的各级人员树立“响应核安全体系并能从中受益”的观念,并将这一观念认真贯彻到工作中。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
1kg U
= 2700 tons of coal
Meanwhile, nuclear power is clean energy and to protect the environment. Nuclear power generation unlike fossil fuel power plants that emit huge amounts of pollutants into the atmosphere.
The Soviet Union in 1986 of the Chernobyl Nuclear
Power Plant Accident, Japan's Fukushima nucn 2011, had increased people's
worries.
Tokamak
2、 Use of nuclear energy
Human reality uses of nuclear energy began in the war.
little boy
YOUR SITE HERE
China also have our own nuclear bombs, hydrogen bombs, nuclear submarines.
First, nuclear energy is a high concentrated energy, especially suitable for lack of conventional energy sources and electricity - starved region, not limited by fuel for transport。As China's southeast and south region.
Chain reaction
Ways of developing nuclear energy have two : one is the fission of heavy elements, such as the fission of uranium
Fission
Uranium ore
YOUR SITE HERE
the other is the fusion of light elements, such as deuterium, tritium, and so on
Fusion
Fission of heavy elements techniques, have been practical application, And light elements in fusion technology, is also being actively developed .
The world nuclear power distribution
In the 30 countries that now have nuclear power, the proportion of nuclear power changes greatly. Up to 80 percent from France, Belgium 52, South Korea 39, Switzerland 37, Japan 29, United States 20, South Africa 4 and China 2.
Besides radiotherapy is one of the applications of nuclear energy.
Nuclear magnetic resonance equipment
3、All of the nuclear concerns
We ordinary people know about nuclear power plant is basically negative. Biggest problem is the concern that nuclear power plants vulnerable to security issues.
YOUR SITE HERE
1、What is nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is released from the nucleus through the conversion of its quality.
Nuclear reactions may be induced by bombardment with a wide variety of particles.
In 1954, the former Soviet Union built an experimental nuclear power station ; in 1957, the United States had successfully built nuclear power plant.
Chernobyl
Fukushima
4、 Advantages of nuclear energy
Nuclear power is concentrated, clean, safe and economical energy.
Dayawan nuclear power plant
French special Likasitan nuclear power plant
Nuclear energy and nuclear safety
The main content
1、What is nuclear energy 2、Use of nuclear energy 3、All of the nuclear concerns 4、Advantages of nuclear energy 5、The current nuclear security measures 6、The conclusions 7、 References
The human development and utilization of nuclear energy is mainly developed nuclear power, relative to other forms of energy, nuclear energy has distinct advantages.