牛津上海版高三第11讲 虚拟语气
虚拟语气讲与练-牛津英语高中专版
主句
would (should, could, might ) + do
1) If I were you, I shouldn't do that. 2) We would go with you if we had time. 3) We could ask him if he were here. 4) If I knew his telephone number, I would ring him up.
h
8
3. If my lawyer _____ here last
Saturday, he _____me from
going.
A. had been; would have
prevented
B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented
A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must
h
14
19. _____ your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I received C. Had I received D. If I could have received
A. should come; had seen
B. came; would see
C. come; will see
D. had come; w(1) Mr Brown _____ a house if he had enough money.
A. will buy B. would buy C. bought D. has bought
牛津选修模块6《虚拟语气》
If I were you, I should/would go at once. 要是我有自己的车，我该多福。
If I had a car of my own, I should be very happy.
（2）与过去事实相反的条件 句 If…过去完成时…, 主句+ would/could / might/should have done If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened. If she had got up earlier, she would have caught the bus.
一、配对题 (B )1.If Tony had been to China (C )2.Had you told me about it earlier (A )3.If you knew how to shoot a film A B C D we would invite you to the conference he would have visited BeiJing I wouldn’t have made that mistake He would be considered impolite.
A. Had I been you
C. Were I you
B.I were you
D. I had been you
句型转换
If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had __________time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be flood, what should we do? _______________a
高中英语之虚拟语气详细讲解
虚拟语气（1）——倒推时态类定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（非真实条件状从和让步状从）2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议（名词性从句：主宾表同）使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿（与事实相反或不太可能实现）（如果我是宇航员，我要在月球上跳舞）2.用来缓和语气，使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体（如果你能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激）3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪（你要是能考上大学，全家都烧高香了）4.表示适度的责备或批评（如果你那时更耐心点，现在我们都成功了）5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福（祝你成功）1.虚拟条件句一般虚拟条件句混合虚拟语气（错综时间条件句）定义：条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致例子：If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果那时你听了我的建议，现在已经好了If it hadn’t been for you, I would have to make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话，我明天还要再走一趟。
If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。
省略+倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，并将were,should,had提前于句首，变为倒装句。
如果虚拟条件句是否定句，not 保留在原处If he should agree to go there, we should send him there.= Should he agree to go there,we should send him there.If she were there,she would agree with us.= Were she were, she would agree with us.If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him.= Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him.含蓄虚拟条件句定义：有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句分类：1) but for....=(If it+be not for) ；without；Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= If it hadn’t been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.没有你的帮助，我们不可能完成任务。
高中英语虚拟语气语法知识点讲解
高中英语虚拟语气知识点总结精华(名师总结必考语法知识点，建议下载练习)语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。
祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一、虚拟语气在条件状语句中的应用条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。
如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should／would／might／could +动词原形。
如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had + 过去分词，主句的谓语should ／would／might／could + have ＋过去分词。
如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
牛津高中英语高二语法虚拟语气
虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed! 祝您成功!I．简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？I should be grateful if you would be kind enough to help me.It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。
God bless you! / Heaven help you! 愿上帝保佑你！May you be happy! 祝你快乐！May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
II．状语从句中的虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……If I were you, I would go with him. If the weather were fine, I would go there.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
高中虚拟语气
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虚拟语气在特定句型中应用
It is time that…句型
定义 It is time that…句型表示“现在是……的时候了”，其中 that从句中的谓语动词用过去时，有时也用“should+动 词原形”（较少见，且should不能省略）。
用法示例
It is time that we went to bed. 我们该睡觉了。或者 It is time that we should go to bed. 我们该睡觉了。
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名词性从句中虚拟语气应用
宾语从句
wish后的宾语从句：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反 的愿望，从句用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反的愿望，从句用could/would/might+动 词原形。
suggest, propose, recommend, demand, require, request, desire等动词后的宾语从句： 从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
虚拟语气在倒装句中应用
虚拟语气在倒装句中的应用主 要是指当虚拟条件句的谓语部 分含有were, had或should等词 时，可将这些词置于句首，采 用部分倒装的结构。
这种倒装结构在表达虚拟语气 时，可以使语气更加委婉、客 气或正式，常用于书面语中。
需要注意的是，在倒装结构中， 如果省略了if，则需要将were, had或should等词提至主语之 前，形成完全倒装的结构。同 时，主句中的语序和时态也需 要进行相应的调整。
和特殊用法的理解和运用还有待提高。
教师评语和建议
学生对虚拟语气的掌握情况良好
通过课堂表现和作业完成情况来看，学生对虚拟语气的掌握情况良好，能够正确运用虚拟语 气表达不同的意思。
高中虚拟语气的讲解+练习+详解
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
虚拟语气讲与练-牛津英语高中专版
(30) _____ I known he needed money so badly, I might have
managed to help him.
A. Unless B. When C. If D. Had
II:虚拟语气在宾语从句的中的 用法
1). wish后的宾语从句： 从句中的动词根据时间可采用不同的
met my brother. (1994)
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
9. You didn't let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired.
(1996)
A. drove; didn't get B. drove; wouldn't get C. were driving; wouldn't get D. had driven; wouldn't have got
5. If he ______ , he _____ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital
immediately. (1993) A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have
D. If the teacher spoke louder
29. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow
C. snow D. will snow
30. If you _____ 5 minutes earlier, you _____ him.
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I think I could understand 我想我会懂得
……
i. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
虚拟语气
时间
主/从句
条件从句
过去
had+过去分词
现在 将来
过去式(be 用 were)
—I ________ if I had had enough money.
A. would
B. would have
C. have bought
D. had bought
18. If Jane hadn't missed the early train, sheon time, but she was late.
A. would never be understood
B. had never understood
C. would never have understood
D. will never have understood
17. —Why didn't you buy that dictionary?
A. Unless
B. When
C. If
D. Had
22. ______ , I wouldn't do that.
A. If I am in your place
B. Were I in your place
C. If I have been in your place
D. If I am to be in your place
C. have
D. have had
5. If you learned to swim, yousafer in the water.
A. will feel
B. felt
C. would feel
D. feel
6. It _______ a good match if it .
A. would have been... hadn't rained
授课日期 主题 学习目标
时间
A / B / C / D / E / F段
虚拟语气用法总结
掌握虚拟语气的各种用法
教学内容
1、 上次课后巩固作业复习；
2、 互动探索
If I were a boy even just for a day 假如我是男孩 哪怕只有一天
I'd roll outta bed in the morning 清晨我会从床上翻下来
D. If Tom has seen you
20. But for your help, Ithe place.
A. can't find
B. can't have found C. couldn't have found
D. haven't found
21. _______ I known he needed money so badly, I might have managed to help him.
A. If it does not rain
B. Should it not rain
C. Had it not rained
D. If it has not rained
14. Should it stop raining, I __ for a walk.
A. had gone
B. went
C. would have gone
And throw on what I wanted and go 随便套上我想穿的衣服
Drink beer with the guys 和朋友们一块喝酒
And chase after girls 泡妞
I'd kick it with who I wanted 和我喜欢的人混在一起
And I'd never get confronted for it 而且没人敢来质问我
【例题精讲】
We _______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. [北京高考题]
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
【知识梳理 2】 虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句中，主从句动作发生的时间不一致，这时主从句动词的形式应根据句意或 时间来调整，选用适当的虚拟形式。
23. _______ , I should paint the room white.
A. If I have been you
B. If I would be you
C. If I will be you
D. If I were you
24. If you were offered a trip to the moon, you it?
翻译：要不是下雨，庄稼就死了。
【知识梳理 5】 在含蓄条件句中，可以用有些介词(with, without, but for)，连词(or, otherwise, but, however)、 不定式短语、名词短语或陈述句表示虚拟的条件。
【例题精讲】
Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn’t have found it ________.
2. ________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around
the world. [福建高考题]
A. Were there
B. Had there been
C. If there are
B. If she listens
C. If she has listened
D. Had she listened
12. If he had taken my advice, hea scientist now.
A. will be
B. is
C. has been
D. would be
13. _______ , we would have visited the museum then.
2. But for John, we _____ the match last week.
A. would have lost B. would lose
C. had lost
D. lost
3. If the child hadn't been so tired, heasleep so quickly.
例句： 如果 Alice 那时不做出 牲的话，人类现在可能已经灭绝了。 If Alice hadn’t make a sacrifice at that time, human beings would be extinct now.
【例题精讲】 用括号内词适当形式填空 1. If he had played (play) basketball in high school, he would be (be)a great college player
D. If there have been
【知识梳理 4】 表示“若不是”之意时，可以用如下两种句型：
If it weren't for.＝but for…意为“若不是（对现在情况的假设）”。 If it hadn't been for.＝but for…意为“当时若不是（对过去情况的假设）”。
【例题精讲】
【例题精讲】
1. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.[天津高考题]
A. Did he catch
B. should be catch
C. has he caught
D. Had he caught
D. would go
15. _______ he try again, he might be successful.
A. Could
B. Might
C. Must
D. Should
16. If the teacher hadn't explained it to me, Ithe problem so well.
now.
2. If John were my child, Iwould have encouraged him to play basketball not football.
【知识梳理 3】 如果条件句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词 be 或 have，有时可以把 if 省略掉，但这时要把助动 词、情态动词、动词 be 或 have 放在主语前。
过去式/should/ were to+动词原形
主句
would (should/could/might) have w+ou过ld去(分sh词ould/could/might) +动词原形 would (should/could/might) +动词原形
【知识梳理 1】 虚拟语气用于 if 条件句中，主从句的谓语动词的相应形式参见上表。 例句： 如果上天再给我一次机会，我会对那个女孩说三个字。 If the God gave me another chance, I would say three words to that girl.
A. has known
B. will know