外总词汇

中英文专业词汇●外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡失调isotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水water intoxication 水中毒hypokalemia 低钾血症hyperkalemia 高钾血症hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypercacemia 高钙血症magnesium deficiency 镁缺乏magnesium excess 镁过多hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis 代谢性碱中毒respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒electrolyte 电解质dehydration 缺水body fluid 体液hypertonic 高渗性isotonic 等渗性hypotonic 低渗性solution 溶液sodium 钠chloride 氯化钠bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠lactate 乳酸钠potassium 钾acidosis 酸中毒alkalosis 碱中毒metabolic 代谢性respiratory 呼吸性intracellular 细胞内extracellular 细胞外extravascular 血管外balance salt solution 平衡盐溶液normal saline(N.S.) 生理盐水isotonic sodium chloride 等渗氯化钠glucose in normal saline(G.N.S) 葡萄糖生理盐水glucose solution(G.S.) 葡萄糖溶液hypertonic sodium chloride 高渗氯化钠potassium chloride 氯化钾potassium cirrate 枸椽酸钾potassium glutamate 谷氨酸钾calcium gluconate 葡萄糖酸钙regular insulin 普通胰岛素calcium chloride 氯化钙●shock 休克hypovolemia 血容量减少（低血容量）cardiogenic 心源性的peripheral 周围、末梢septic 感染性的、败血性的pcoling 聚集、郁积collapse 虚脱、萎缩hypotension 低血压resistance 阻力catecholamine 儿茶酚胺microcirculation 微循环osmosis 渗透capillary 毛细血管hemodynamic 血流动力学concentration 浓度、集中expansion 扩张contraction 收缩retention 潴留accumulate 积聚、堆积permeability 渗透性、通透性perfuse 灌注arteriovenous 动静脉的shunt 短路、分流术compensation 代偿output 排出量disseminate 弥漫性、散播性intravascular 血管内的coagulation 凝血、凝固viscosity 粘稠度irreversible 不可逆的dilation 舒张dilatation 扩张、扩大response 反应endocrine 内分泌dizziness 头晕irritable 急躁的，易受刺激的unconsciousness 失去知觉的coma 昏迷extremity 肢体pallor 苍白cyanosis 紫绀pulse 脉搏hypoxia 缺氧failure 衰竭oliguria 少尿症anuria 无尿症monitor 监测administration 管理，用法crystalloid 晶体样的colloid 胶体vasoactive 血管活性的norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素metaraminol 间羟胺dopamine 多巴胺isoproterenol 异丙肾上腺素plasma 血浆expander 扩容剂transfusion 输血ventilate 使通气clammy 冷湿的●麻醉学Anesthesia 麻醉Anesthesiology 麻醉学genernal anesthesia 全身麻醉local anesthesia 局部麻醉inhalation anesthesia 吸入麻醉intravenous anesthesia 静脉麻醉balanced (combined comple) anesthesia 复合麻醉acupuncture anesthesia 针刺麻醉face anesthesia 表面麻醉spinal anesthesia 腰麻epidural (anesthesia) block 硬膜外麻醉field anesthesia 区域麻醉cervical plexus block 颈丛阻滞brachial plexus block 臂丛阻滞caudal anesthesia 骶管麻醉disseciative anesthesia 分离麻醉endotracheal anesthesia 气管内麻醉total spinal anesthesia 全脊髓麻醉basal narcosis 基础麻醉premedication 麻醉前用药preanesthetic preparation 麻醉前准备diethyl ether 乙醚halothane (fluothane) 氟烷、卤烷ketamine 氯胺酮muscle relaxants 肌肉松弛剂depolarization 去极化endotracheal tube 气管内导管endotracheal intubation 气管插管术rapid induction 快速诱导carbon dioxide retention 二氧化碳蓄积traction reflex 牵引反射referred pain 放射痛asphyxia 窒息aspiration 误吸vagal reflex 迷走神经反射hyperbaric solution 重比重液conscious intudation 清醒插管术toxic reaction to local anesthetics hypersensitive reaction 局麻药毒性反应hypersensitive reaction 过敏反应●围手术期的处理complication 并发症atelectasis 肺不张pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿acute gastric dilatation 急性胃扩张nausea 恶心vomiting 呕吐hiccup 呃逆retention of urine 尿潴留tracheotomy 气管切开术drain tube 引流术liquid diet 流质饮食semi liquid diet 半流质饮食full diet 普通饮食nothing by mouth 禁食thrombosis 血栓形成supine position 仰卧位operation 手术positive nitrogen balance 正氮平衡negative nitrogen balance 负氯平衡cleansing enema 清洁灌肠preoperative preparation 术前准备postoperative management 术后处理stage of tissue anabolism 组织合成期stage of tissue catabolism 组织分解期emergency operation 急诊手术abdominal distention 腹胀selective operation 择期手术limited operation 限期手术rupture incision (wound dehiscence) 切口裂开( 伤口裂开)pulmonary infection 肺部感染gastrolavage 洗胃术●外科感染常用中英文专业词汇surgical infection 外科感染pathogen 病原菌bacteria 细菌aerobe 需氧菌anaerobe 厌氧菌fungus 真菌、霉菌streptococcus 链球菌pneumoniae 肺炎球菌salmonella 沙门氏菌shigella 志贺氏菌Klebsiella 克雷氏菌属Bacteroide 类杆菌Serratia 沙雷氏菌属non-specific infection 非特异性感染specific infection 特异性感染opportunistic infection 条件感染endogenous contamination 内源性感染super-infection 二重感染phagocytosis 吞噬作用folliculitis 毛囊炎furuncle 疖furunculosis 疖病carbuncle 痈cellulitis 蜂窝织炎acute lymphangitis 急性淋巴管炎lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎abscess 脓肿cold abscess 寒性脓疡fluctuance 波动感needle aspiration 针吸paronychia 甲沟炎perionychia 指甲周围炎subungual 指甲下suppurative tenosino vaitis 化脓性腱鞘炎felon 脓性指头炎fungal infection 真菌感染sepsis 脓毒症sepsis syndrome 脓毒综合征bacteremia 菌血症antiseptic principle in surgery 外科抗菌原则surgical skill 外科技术drainage 引流incision 切开concept of antisepsis 抗菌概念choice of antibiotics 抗生素选择side effect 付作用tetanus 破伤风gas gangrene 气性坏疽systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS 全身炎症反应综合征immunomodulatory therapy 免疫调整●创伤和战伤中英文专业词汇trauma 创伤fistula 瘘管sinus 窦道granulomatous tissue 肉芽组织granuloma 肉芽肿healing 愈合ulcer 溃疡pain 疼痛contusion 挫伤laceration 裂伤avulsion 撕脱伤fracture 骨折drainage 引流wound 伤口contamination 污染collagenous fiber 胶原纤维swelling 肿胀debridement 清伤术dislocation 脱位open injury 开放性损伤aldosterone 醛固酮growth hormone 生长激素adrenocorticotropin 促肾上腺皮质激素5-hydroxytryptamine 5 –羟色胺prostaglandin E 前列腺素E bradykinin 缓激肽secondary infection 继发感染emergency care 急救foreign body 异物sprain 扭伤、捩伤functional disturbances 功能障碍histamine 组织胺catecholamine 儿茶酚胺glucocorticoids 糖皮质类固醇SIRS 全身炎症反应综合征MODS 多器官功能障碍综合征War combined injury 战伤复合伤第二十章烧伤与冷伤（词汇）thermal injury 热烧伤burns 烧伤scald 烫伤chemical injury 化学烧伤acid injury 酸烧伤alkali injury 碱烧伤phosphorus injury 磷烧伤electrical injury 电烧伤radiated injury 放射烧伤inhalation injury 吸入性损伤total body surface area 体表总面积second degree burn 二度烧伤superficial 浅的deep 深的third degree burn 三度烧伤extensive burn 大面积烧伤fluid resuscitation 液体复苏colloid-containing fluid 胶体溶液electrolyte-containing fluid 电解质溶液tangential excision 削痂术escharotomy 焦痂切开术escharectomy 焦痂切除术skin graft 皮肤移植mesh skin graft 网状皮移植biological dressings 生物敷料allograft 异体移植heterograft 异种移植occlusive dressings 包扎疗法exposure method 暴露疗法sulfamylon 磺胺米隆silver sulfadiazine 磺胺嘧啶银burn wound sepsis 烧伤创面脓毒症Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌Pseudomonas 绿脓杆菌E.Coli 大肠杆菌Proteus 变形杆菌Evans formula 伊文思公式Brooke formula 布鲁克公式Parkland formula 派克兰公式Rejection 排斥（异）Eschar 焦痂crust 痂皮scar 疤痕transplantation 移植术graft 移植物skin graft 植皮free graft 游离移植pedicle graft 带蒂移植split-thickness skin graft 中厚皮片移植full-thickness skin graft 全厚皮片移植epidermis 表皮dermis 真皮freehand knife 徒手取皮刀drum dermatome 鼓式切皮机electrical dermatome 电动切皮机excision 切除fresh wound 新鲜创面granulation wound 肉芽创面suture 缝合survive 成（存）活fixation 固定donor site 供区microsurgical technique 显微外科技术flap 皮瓣free flap 游离皮瓣local skin flap 局部皮瓣Z-plasty Z 成形术rotation flap 旋转皮瓣transposition flap 易位皮瓣抗菌法antisepsis advancement flap 推进皮瓣island flap 岛状皮瓣distant flap 远位皮瓣skin tube 皮管●显微外科microsurgery 显微外科replantation of finger 断肢（指）再植术biological material 生物材料end-to-end anastomosis 端端吻合end-to-end anastomosis 端侧吻合digital pressure capillary reaction 毛细血管充盈试验●肿瘤瘤(tumor)遗传易感性（hereditary susceptibility ）癌基因(oncogene)错配修复基因(mismatch repair gene)癌(carcinoma)肉瘤(sarcoma)肿瘤标记物(tumor marker)流式细胞分析术（flow cytometry ，FCM ）正电子发射型计算机断层(positronemission tomography ，PET)转移(metastasis)肿瘤的外科治疗（surgical oncology ）化疗(chemotherapy)全身诱导化疗（induction chemotherapy ）全身辅助化疗（adjuvant chemotherapy ）初始化疗（primary chemotherapy ）新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy)放疗(radiotherapy)立体定向放射外科(stereotacticradiasurgery)适形放射治疗(conformal RadiationTherapy)●第六章无菌术无菌原则asepsis procedure无菌术aseptic technique灭菌法asepsis。