MUN文件的写作
【绝对有用绝对原创】【 模拟联合国】 立场文件 范文 AIMUN 【MUN】 【毒品问题】 毒品立场
Delegate: Yang Yiyuan , Liu FengSchool: Shandong Economic UniversityCountry: Islamic Republic of PakistanCommittee: General AssemblyTopic A: Global Drug ControlDrug abuse has been a serious problem in the world for a long period of time. Although international efforts have been made to solve the issue, a satisfied result is still yet to be reached. The illicit drug cultivation, trafficking and selling led to large amount of crime and even fed the terrorist groups that threaten the piece of the world. Drug abuse is not only an evil to individuals but also a disaster to societies.Drug cultivation owns a long history in Pakistan. Drug trade has resulted in a series of social problems. As a country that has a weak infrastructure of economy, Pakistan would get lethal effect by drugs in ecomomy, politics and even national security. Pakistan has taken sharp pains to cut down on the drug related crimes and is willing to cooperate with nations that have the same ambitions to eradicate drug abuse within the framework of the United Nations.The United Nations has taken great concerns on drug related problems. The 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic substances and the 1988 Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic drugs and Psychotropic substances are 3 basic conventions of international drug control system that played important roles in interdicting drug abuse. Confronted with the problems of lacking drug supervision, Pakistan has taken a series of practical actions:ANF endeavored to disseminate information on the disadvantages of drug trafficking which helps reduce the number of drug addicts from 3,000,000 in 1993 to 1,500,000 in recent time.Pakistan also has put in 2.8 billion rupee to help addicts get cured and prohibit drug smuggle. In future , Pakistan will try to take following measures to control drugs:1 To ask for help of international societies to provide a viable crop alternative to opium farmers.2 To increase law enforcement, Pakistan will execute drug related arrests and crop seizures.3 To propagate knowledge on drugs to citizens and increase the publicity on penalties for drug smugglers.4 To hold talks with other nations to build up a strandard procedure that can facilitate authorized drugs’trade and prevent the unauthorized ones.5 To force the military control of the borders especially the one between Pakistan and Afganistan.Pakistan has realized the severity of drug problems, but the government firmly believe that with the continous endeavors of the world, the problems will be settled satisfactorily. Pakistan sincerely hope that the United Nations can pass some feasible resolutions that can make contribution to the world’s piece and development.。
【MUN】模联培训-文件写作
TIPs
1. 条约，法律条文，决议案等斜43;（缩写） Security Council （SC）
3. 国家+动词单数第三人称 We+动词复数形式 ！！！绝对不可以说“I believe……”
Sample Position Paper讲解
4.对未来的展望 （本国将采取的措 施+呼吁他国或国 际组织怎么样+客 套话结题）
措施详细程度 The UK will continue promoting financing aid and technicians
________________________________________
The UK will continue promoting financing aid and technicians with the purpose of making sure that IAEA have the necessary resources to maintain its effectiveness of safeguards. sss
本国措施+国际参与+……+……
2.与议题关系不大，本身政治地位不高的小国：
区域性组织中的参与+国际性组织的参与+……+……
3.百分百纯酱油国家： 突出联合国以及相关国际组织采取的措施和行动，结合实际说明自 己国家对这些国际组织所采取的措施的态度。
进阶篇
• • • •
一篇好的立场文件？ 1.措施的详细程度 2.措施的提出要有依据 3.句子之间适当的逻辑连接
Position Paper的逻辑构架
1.开题（两三句话） 2.本国措施（国内层面 3.国际组织的措 4.对未来的展望 Pay attention! 立场文件没有所谓固定格式，只要能够在 本国总体立场 +国际层面） 施 （本国将采取的措 正式、简洁、准确的前提下，做到逻辑清晰，立场明确， 施+呼吁他国或国 就很好了 际组织怎么样+客 套话结题） 可以引用的资料：
模联文件写作
行动性条款
·草案的实质部分 ·列举解决问题的措施和建议 ·每个条款以动词开头，以分号结尾 ·要有逻辑顺序
决议草案
·以阿拉伯数字进行标注
Draft Resolution
·每条款只能包含一个建议或想法 ·若条款需多加解释，在该条款下分条逐一说明， 格式如上，先以英文字母标注，再用罗马数字 ·最后条款以句号总结 ·每一条款均以动词开头（英语以第三人称单数 式），以分号结尾，以斜体或下划线标出
决议草案
草案标题 • 委员会 committee • 议题 topic
Draft Resolution
• 决议草案编号（由主席团编号） • 起草国 sponsor(s)、 • 附议国 signatory (-ies)名单
决议草案
Draft Resolution
草案正文 • 草案是一个完整的句子 • 由两个部分组成 序言条款 (preambulatory clauses) 行动性条款 (operative clauses)
决议
• (三)对于一份被印发全场的非友好修正案，代表 们将有一分钟时间阅读，之后该份非友好修正案 的起草国将自动获得一分钟的时间介绍该份非友 好修正案； • (四)对于一份友好修正案，会议指导将以宣读的 方式将其直接加入决议草案； • (五)在对所有需要进行介绍的文件自动介绍时间 结束后，该份文件是否被继续讨论，取决于是否 有相应的有主持核心磋商被通过。
立场文件
Position Paper
• 语言官方正式，言简意赅（可以参考一些官方的表 态） • 真正提出一些站在自己国家立场上的有特色的观点， 注重角色扮演，包括外交风格，避免泛泛而谈 • 不需过于详细的数据列举（人口，资源，GDP……） • 结构清晰，条理分明，每段内容不宜太多，最多不 宜超过6-7行，全文约在A4纸一页稍多
MUN模拟联合国资料
1. 立场文件（取材2009 年北大模联）Delegate:YangYI，Yuanmeng HUANGSchool:ShanghaiNo.3GirlsHighSchoolCountry:TuvaluCommittee:UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram(UNEP)TopicA:ExploitationofNaturalResourcesinAntarcticWith increasing discoveries made and technologies developed, the exploitation of Antarctica has become an international hot-spot. Our exporation of Antarctica has never ceased---we aresimply eager to step on to that mysterious, yet, sacred white land covered with snow all-year-longto do researches or to carry out further exploitation.Many countries have built up scientific stations on this continent, and have gradually madetheir dreams come true. Thanks to the constant efforts of the international community, we have already made facts like “there are more than 220 sorts of mineral resources in Antarctic” and “the amount of reserved flammable ice beneath the ice sheet is the sum of all the fossil fuels all over theworld, which could replace coal and petroleum as a new environment- friendly energy resource”come true.So now, the importance and the necessity of peaceful and rational exploitation of these resources have gradually emerged. And Tuvalu firmly believes that should these resources be used properly, they would be evangel to all those suffering from the energy crisis.1One important ally of Tuvalu, the UK, has claimed 100 Esq. Sea territories near the Antarctica, which incurred many disputes from the countries near the Antarctica. Not only UK though, many other countries(such as Chile, Argentina, France, Norway) have claimed territories in Antarctica as well. Russian Federation even dispatched, 153 times, scientific groups to Antarctica to do research,discover and built basements!However, the territorial conflicts in Antarctic is not simply about territory itself; it is alsoabout showing off certain countries' power. Now, there are many treaties and protocols dealing with this issue, but few of them are effective. And the poor Antarctic Treaty, can only be regarded as a byproduct of the cold war, which froze many droids in Antarctic, and forbid the exploitation inAntarctica and the territory claims. Yet, it is very clear that not all of these items are rational. Tuvalu supports the exploitation of Antarctic resources, and we believe that Antarctica belongs to the entire human race, which, of course, includes us Tuvalu.2Tuvalu is we hope to participate the inner conferences of the related countries to get more benefits for our citizens. Therefore, Tuvalu suggests that the international community hold discussions based on the Svalbard Treaty, 1925 to exploit Antarctic resources, protect its environment, and, as well, to pay less attention to military and economic concerns.Also as one of the least developed countries in the world, we have extremely limited capabilityfor thorough exploitation: We will simply use the resources of Antarctica to meet domestic needs. The exploitation of the Antarctic is a mainstream trend of our time. So, Tuvalu suggests all countries be united, to together figure out a rational, environment-friendly and sustainable way to exploit Antarctic and to protect it. Tuvalu is willing to cooperate with other developed alliancesuchas Australia, Japan and UK during this UNEP conference to sign related joint communiqué to help1 /bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=12&id=281&page=2&star=12 /view/2732.htm大家一起来模联东北一狂人著18our alliances and Tuvalu ourselves to benefit from all that we can.Above all, Tuvalu suggests:1. Considering that great profits can and can only be achieved underInternational Treaties, Tuvalu urges the UN to ameliorate all international treatiessuch as the Antarctic Treaty and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,discuss the documents of scientific share of the polar area, take the polar area intothe jurisdiction of the United Nations, and welcome all states to carry out scientific explorations.2. Urges all states to explore the resources shared by all mankind properly, inrespect of the international laws and the protection of the environment, andannounce all the scientific achievements beneficial to everyone.3. Protects the benefits of all developing countries on the controversial issue,and thinks developing countries should cooperate with developed ones and shouldn'tbe sated aside in the intense competition in exploiting Antarctic natural resources.4. As for energy, we suggest that every country find and invent new energy withgreat exertion, and we hope that the human race could get rid of the rely on fossilresources as soon as possible.5. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, theapplication of the extension of the application of the continental shelf seabedsovereignty under article 76, and all states should hand in the relating applicationand information to UN.6. In expectation of relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea, all exploration and researches must be under the framework in thetreaty.Tuvalu is faces a huge problem that we will all soon be facing: Global Warming. This effect causes the elevation of sea level, and as a result our citizens have to migrate to survive. So we hopethat all countries will protect the environment of Antarctic area while exploring it.Tuvalu suggests that, in order to reach the consensus of certain laws and decisions, we should have further discussion on this topic. Antarctic belongs to all livings, including the citizens of Tuvalu. Tuvalu hopes that our citizens could find a new place to live in Antarctic zone by a resolution of UNEP. Tuvalu appeals every country to be united in elaborating new international laws in order to establish and maintain a new order in the exploration of Antarctic resources. Tuvalu will, of course, very much appreciates international assistance. Again, we insists that Antarctic belongs to the entire human race, and we hope all countries could cooperate with each other on these issues. And Tuvalu hopes all countries could pay more attention to environment protection when making the exploitation projects. Tuvalu has been devoted to promoting peacefuland efficient discussions among all the countries related to these issues to protect the collective benefits from the hegemonies. From now on, we will pay close attention to the progress of this conference, and we expect the UNEP to be efficient, effective, and function-enlarged.2. 工作文件（取材2008 年复旦模联）WorkingPaperSample(1)Committee: International Fishery Committee大家一起来模联东北一狂人著19Topic: Global fishery and managementSponsor: Panama, Guatemala, NigaruaguaAs countries with prospering fishing industry, also as countries that pay great attention tothe maintainance of biodiversity, we strive to solve negative effects brought about during fishery process. One of the major problems is bycatch.A vivid definition of bycatching:Imagine you are a the old man in Old Man and the Sea, and you want to catch someshrimp for lunch. If when you trawl up your net, except for the poor shrimps you want,there is also a dinasour struggling in the net, then you have just BY-CAUGHT: catchingsomething you do not intend to catch.Howseriousisby-catch?According to the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, in the Gulf of Mexico, three pounds of bycatch are caught for every pound of shrimp that goes to market. Accordingto the Worldwide Fund for Nature, in the Gulf of Thailand it can be 14 pounds of bycatchper pound of shrimp. Bycatch is often discarded dead or dying by the time it is returned tothe sea. Trawl nets in general, and shrimp trawls in particular, have been identified as sources of mortality for species of concern, including cetaceans. Sea turtles, alreadycritically endangered, have been killed by the thousands in shrimp trawl nets.Howtoreduceby-catch?To reduce bycatch, we propose ways as follows:1. We recommand the "bycatch reduction device" (BRD) and the Nordmore grate thathelp fish escape from shrimp nets.2. We encourage trawlers to outfit their nets with trap-door "Turtle excluder device," or TEDs, to let sea turtles escape.3. As the size selectivity of trawl nets is often controlled by the size of the openings in thenet, especially in the "cod end", the larger the size of the openings, the more easily small fish can escape, so we support the use of appropriately larger sizes of openings.4. We appeal to further carry out the development and testing of modifications to fishing gear to improve selectivity and decrease impact, which is called "conservation engineering."DISCARDS, form a major part of the bycatch of a fishing operation. Discards are theportion of a catch of fish which is not retained on board during commercial fishing operations and is returned, often dead or dying, to the sea. Discarding impacts on the大家一起来模联东北一狂人著20environment in two ways; firstly, through increased mortality to target and non-target species, particularly at juvenile life-history stages, and secondly, through alteration of food webs by supplying increased levels of food to scavenging organisms on the sea floor, and to sea birds.So, in addition to efforts to reduce the amount of bycatch caught in nets, we also appeal to implement programs to effectively utilize bycatch species, rather than throwing the fish back into the ocean. One such use of bycatch is the formulation of fish hydrolysate that can be used as a soil amendment in organic agriculture.WorkingPaperSample(2)Committee: International Fishery CommitteeTopic : some solutions summarySponsors: Uruguay ,Guatemala ,Ecuador, Panama, Nicaragua, Brazil, Costa RicaThe following is summary of the common views of Latin Americancountries aboveOverfishing Solutions SummaryA.Raiseawarenessusingfollowingways1. Build morality education by public propagandas2. Build professional education to fishermen by science knowledgepopularizationEnhancepoormanagement3. reduce fishing capacity by restricting large-amount fishing to levels that marine system can sustain.4. Prohibit catching little fishes to allow over-exploited fish populations to recover.5. Raise artificial baby fishes6. Prohibit catching endangered and valuable fishes, by demarcatingno-fishing areas, to ensure the biodiversity.7. set restrictions on commercial fishing8. establish specific legislation to restrict overfishing; establish heavy legislation to ensure the conduction of management9. improve supervision system10.urges the local government to work on the issues efficiently and transparentlyBy-catching Solutions Summary1. Each relevant government definites the by-catching quota , based on each country’s ocean resource. And the quota should be ratified by UN.2. Modify the fishing instruments to reduce unwanted catch. For example: outfit nets with trap-door to let turtles escape in shrimp catching;大家一起来模联东北一狂人著21control the size of the nets’ openings.3. Restrict fishing capacity, for example,1 ton or 1000 heads, no matter what are your target fishes.4. Effectively utilize by-catching fishes, rather than throwing themback into the sea. Because by-catching is inevitable and the majority of the returned by-catching fishes are dead or dying.Solutions to El Nino impacts on fisheryBackgroundEl Nino causes heavy decline of fish production, resulting in the enormous economic losses of these countries, whose GDP consists a large proportion of fishery.Solutions1. utilize the previously mentioned monitoring system in working paper1.3 to forecast more effectively El Nino phenomenon2. compensate for the loss brought about by El Ninoa. modifications of annual fishery investment, according to the estimation from the monitoring systemb. humanitarian aids to disaster-struck countries are indispensable. BiodiversityBackgroundBiodiversity is a resource with enormous potential, both for intellectual and e conomic purposes and as an instrument for a country’s development. Each species (of course including fishes)plays a role in nature, andinteracts with other species and its environment. So biodiversity is worth concerning by every country.Solutions1. Set up international oceanic gene pool and enhance cooperation among associations.2. Encourage responsible countries to establish relevant laws for the conservation and sustainable use of oceanic bio-diversity.3. improve social participation by publicizing4. appeals for cooperation on bio-diversity technology and management expertise3. 决议草案Draft Resolution 1.1Committee:GeneralAssemblyTopic:ReportoftheCommitteeonRelationswiththeHostCountry大家一起来模联东北一狂人著22Sponsors:Argentina,Germany,Japan,SouthAfrica,TheUnitedStatesofAmericaSignatories:Azerbaijan,Brazil,Bangladesh,Barbados,Croatia,Denmark,Greece,Hungary,Italy,Jamaica,Zimbabwe,etc.The General Assembly,Having considered the report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country,Recalling article 105 of the Charter of the United Nations, the Convention on the privilegesand immunities of the United Nations, the agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the headquarters of the United Nations and the responsibility of the host country,Recalling also that, in accordance with paragraph 7 of General Assembly resolution 2819 (XXVI) of 15 December 1971, the Committee should consider, and advise the host country on, issues arising in connection with the implementation of the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the headquarters of the United Nations,Recognizing that effective measures should continue to be taken by the competent authorities of the host country, in particular to prevent any acts violating the security of missions and the safety of their personnel,1. Endorses the recommendations and conclusions of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country contained in paragraph 86 of its report;2. Considers that the maintenance of appropriate conditions for the normal work of the delegations and the missions accredited to the United Nations and the observance of their privileges and immunities,which is and issue of great importance, are in the interest of the United Nations and allMember States, and requests the host country to continue to solve, trough negotiations, problems that might arise and to take all measures necessary to prevent any interference with the functioningof missions; and urges the host country to continue to take appropriate action, such as trainingof police, security, customs and border control officers, with a view to maintaining respect for diplomatic privileges and immunities and if violations occur to ensure that such cases are properly investigated and remedied, in accordance with applicable law;3. Notes the problems experienced by some permanent missions in connection with the implementationof the Parking Programme for Diplomatic Vehicles and shall remain seized of the matter,with a view to continuing to maintain the proper implementation of the Parking Programme in a manner that is fair, non-discriminatory, effective and therefore consistent with international law, and also notes the decision of the Committee to conduct another review of the implementation of the Programme during the sixty-first session of the General Assembly and, subject to its outcome, will proceed accordingly;大家一起来模联东北一狂人著234. Requests the host country to consider removing the remaining travel restrictions, notes that during the reporting period some travel restrictions previously imposed by the host country on staffof certain missions and staff members of the Secretariat of certain nationalities were removed, and,in this regard, notes the positions of affected States as reflected in the report of the Committee, of the Secretary General and of the host country;6. Notes that a number of delegations have requested shortening the time frame applied by the hostcountry for issuance of entry visas to representatives of Member States, since this time frame posesdifficulties for the full-fledged participation of Member States in United Nations meetings;7. Expresses its appreciation for the efforts made by the host country, and hopes that the issues raised at the meetings of the Committee will continue to be resolved in a spirit of cooperation and inaccordance with international law;8. Affirms the importance of the Committee in being in a position to fulfill its mandate and meet on a short notice to deal with urgent and important matters concerning the relations between the United Nations and the host country, and in that connection requests the Secretariat and the Committeeon Conferences to accord priority to requests of the Committee on the Relations with theHost Country for conference-servicing facilities for meetings of that Committee that must be held while the General Assembly and its main committees are meeting, without prejudice to the requirementof those bodies and on an "as available" basis;9. Requests the Secretary General to remain actively engaged in all aspects of the relations of the United Nations with the host country.4. 修正案（取材2008 年复旦模联）FriendlyAmendmenttoDraftResolution1.1(Sample)Sponsor: Peru, Ecuador, PanamaSignatories: U.S.A., Japan, San Marino, South Africa, Panama, Guinea-Bissau, Greece.In the point ”El Nino”, Peru and some of the South America countries would like to modifications the item (a) in point 2:Change the sentence “Modifications of a nnual fishery investment, according to the estimation fromthe monitoring system.” into “Modifications of annual domestic industry investment, according tothe estimation from the monitoring system.”5. 危机文件Draft Directive 4.1Committee: Executive Council of Organization of Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Sponsors: United Kingdom, USASignatories: Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Italy24The OPCW,1. Requests the governments of India and Pakistan to fully cooperate with the OPCW in the following:a. Find our the modus operandi of the terrorist groups; such as JeM in acquiring chemical materials;b. Allowing full-fledged inspections of the region of Kashmir, where chemical materials are suspected to have been tested.2. Urges cooperation among security and intelligence related bodies to prevent terrorist attacks that involve chemical agents.。
mun文件写作讲解
代表: 代表:张宇飞 学校: 学校:闵行中学 国家: 国家:厄里特尼亚 委员会: 委员会:联合国经济和社会发展理事会 议题: 议题:金融危机后的国际合作 最近,世界被金融危机的阴影所笼罩,随之而来的便是大批人员的失业.而全球性 的失业会引起很多社会问题及部分国家的政局动荡,失业的大批出现会增加犯罪,影 响社会安定,甚至索马里海盗猖獗的背后也有高失业率的阴影.因此,金融危机所带 来的挑战是不容忽视的. 随着金融风暴的席卷,非洲地区国家也面临着前所未有的挑战.如今,世界经济进 入萧条期,作为非洲发展动力之一的出口将大幅减少;此外,有些迹象表明发达国家 正在考虑减少对非洲援助.而此些事件将导致非洲整体经济发展的速度下降甚至恶化. 厄里特尼亚认为,金融危机是一场世界性灾难,要想真正摆脱危机,加强国际间的 金融合作是至关重要的.世界各国应密切关注国际经济形势的变化,以更加积极的态 度,参与到缓解金融危机的国际合作中来.并希望世界各国可以把国际合作的顺利进 行放在最重要的位置,不要放弃并增大对非洲的援助,尽自己最大努力把金融危机的 损失减到最小. 对于金融风暴,世界各国已在两次金融峰会上就合作应对国际金融危机,加强金融 监管,推进国际金融体系改革等问题达成一系列共识,并纷纷提出稳定金融的举措. 不可否认,这些行动在目前国际经济发展中已经初见成效. 厄里特尼亚认为,要想把金融危机的损失减到最小,需要发达国家和发展中国家的 共同努力:
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D. 序言性条款以动词 序言性条款以动词ING形式单词开头,首词斜体,段落逗号结尾 形式单词开头, 形式单词开头 首词斜体, E. 行动性条款主要列举具体举措建议(每一个举措一句话) 行动性条款主要列举具体举措建议(每一个举措一句话) F. 要有逻辑顺序(内在逻辑顺序以 ,2,3;A,B,C;a,b,c ……分清 要有逻辑顺序(内在逻辑顺序以1, , ; ; 分清 局次) 局次) G. 行动性条款以动词第三人称单数单词开头,首词斜体,段落分号 行动性条款以动词第三人称单数单词开头,首词斜体, 结尾 H. 最后条款以句号结尾 4. 小帖士 . A. 附议一份DR不代表赞同其观点,附议一份DR只表示你所代表的 附议一份 不代表赞同其观点,附议一份 只表示你所代表的 不代表赞同其观点 国家认为此DR有讨论的必要 国家认为此 有讨论的必要 B. DR要求语法准确,语言流畅,用词用句官方正式 要求语法准确, 要求语法准确 语言流畅, C. 条款要能解决大多数争端
MUN文件范例
立场文件范例代表：*** *** *** ***国家：厄里特尼亚委员会：联合国经济和社会发展理事会议题：金融危机后的国际合作最近，世界被金融危机的阴影所笼罩，随之而来的便是大批人员的失业。
而全球性的失业会引起很多社会问题及部分国家的政局动荡，失业的大批出现会增加犯罪，影响社会安定，甚至索马里海盗猖獗的背后也有高失业率的阴影。
因此，金融危机所带来的挑战是不容忽视的。
随着金融风暴的席卷，非洲地区国家也面临着前所未有的挑战。
如今，世界经济进入萧条期，作为非洲发展动力之一的出口将大幅减少；此外，有些迹象表明发达国家正在考虑减少对非洲援助。
而此些事件将导致非洲整体经济发展的速度下降甚至恶化。
厄里特尼亚认为，金融危机是一场世界性灾难，要想真正摆脱危机，加强国际间的金融合作是至关重要的。
世界各国应密切关注国际经济形势的变化，以更加积极的态度，参与到缓解金融危机的国际合作中来。
并希望世界各国可以把国际合作的顺利进行放在最重要的位置，不要放弃并增大对非洲的援助，尽自己最大努力把金融危机的损失减到最小。
对于金融风暴，世界各国已在两次金融峰会上就合作应对国际金融危机，加强金融监管，推进国际金融体系改革等问题达成一系列共识，并纷纷提出稳定金融的举措。
不可否认，这些行动在目前国际经济发展中已经初见成效。
厄里特尼亚认为，要想把金融危机的损失减到最小，需要发达国家和发展中国家的共同努力：对于发达国家：建立并完善国际间的互助体系成效，使发达国家对发展中国家的援助更为有效，从而使世界经济能更快的恢复增长，是发展中国家也能在金融危机下持续发展。
抵制贸易保护主义，放低市场门槛，避免贸易壁垒的出现，从而扩大双边贸易规模，刺激全球经济的快速发展。
改善现有的金融体系，构建一个更有力更具全球一致性的国际储备体系，创建一种能长期保持稳定的国际储备货币。
加强金融监管合作，防止金融危机所带来的一系列社会问题。
提高发展中国家在世行中的股份比，以增加低收入国家在其中的发言权。
模拟联合国大会(MUN)立场文件范文
下文是模拟联合国大会（MUN）立场文件范文，以2007年伊朗核问题为例。
因为曾在个人博客公开过，所以网上会有一些流传，不过这里是我最近进行修改的版本。
修改的时候，我十分感慨，2007年的夏天我还在上大一，一群小伙伴怀着对国际政治专业的热爱，白手起家，在学校创办第一届模拟联合国大会，至今已7年有余。
你们购买的范文，即是当年模联优秀代表所写的立场文件。
立场文件代表：××××××国家：美利坚合众国委员会：安全理事会议题：伊朗核问题自20世纪80年代以来，伊朗就开始以“和平利用核能”为掩护，秘密发展核武器。
2003年，伊朗宣布提炼出浓缩铀，距离成功研制核武器更近了一步。
2004年，伊朗迫于国际社会强大压力暂时中止铀浓缩活动，但在2006年1月又悍然重启铀浓缩活动，并且屡次威胁退出《不扩散核武器条约》，不断向生产核武器的危险边缘迫近。
2007年4月9日，伊朗官方承认已经开始向3000台离心机输送铀气体，并称伊朗目前已具备工业规模生产铀浓缩燃料的能力。
伊朗提升核燃料生产能力这一行为，是对联合国安理会决议的公然挑衅。
伊朗不透明、不友善的核活动，已经严重威胁到邻国的国家主权与领土完整，威胁到地区稳定与安全，威胁到中东无核化进程与世界和平。
美国认为，安理会通过有效、有力、及时的关于伊朗核问题的决议是十分必要的。
美国作为联合国安理会常任理事国，作为一个拥有核力量的负责任的国家，对于处理地区性核危机拥有丰富的经验。
在伊朗核问题上，美国的立场与世界大多数爱好和平的国家保持一致，即：坚决反对伊朗以任何形式、任何名义研制和开发涉及核能的军用技术，对于任何试图借核技术研究威胁地区稳定与世界和平的企图予以谴责；强烈要求伊朗以公开、透明、坦诚的态度接受联合国相关机构的核查，鼓励并建议包括伊朗在内的世界各国为中东地区无核化的和平进程做出努力。
美国曾经投票支持联合国1696、1737、1747号决议，并积极参与了有关六国就伊朗核问题进行的协商，美国愿在此基础上与安理会各国就伊朗核问题共同协商，寻求合理的解决方案。
模拟联合国
模拟联合国（Model United Nations）简称MUN是模仿联合国及相关的国际机构，依据其运作方式和议事原则，围绕国际上的热点问题召开的会议。
青年学生们扮演不同国家的外交官，作为各国代表，参与到“联合国会议”当中。
代表们遵循大会规则，在会议主席团的主持下，通过演讲阐述“自己国家”的观点，为了“自己国家”的利益进行辩论、游说，他们与友好的国家沟通协作，解决冲突；他们讨论决议草案，促进国际合作；他们在“联合国”的舞台上，充分发挥自己的才能。
主要流程模拟联合国对青年学生的吸引不仅在于其别具风格的形式更在于其真实的对于联合国规则的模拟。
在模拟联合国大会当中，参会学生将会根据特定的会议规则对某一议题进行演讲、辩论、磋商，形成书面文件，寻找解决方案。
模拟联合国主要通过语言交流和书面文件两套方式进行问题解决。
语言方面通常会经过点名后加入主发言名单（Speaker's list）→有组织核心磋商（Moderated Caucus）→自由磋商（Unmoderated Caucus）→主发言名单（Speaker's list）这样一个循环，关于议题（topic）中某一问题不断深入的进行交流讨论。
书面文件通常会经过立场文件（Position Paper）→工作文件（Working Paper）→决议案草案（Draft Resolution）→修正案（Amendment）→决议案（Resolution）的一个单向流程。
立场文件是表明一个国家对某一议题基本立场和看法的文件，要求每个参会代表在会议召开前提交。
工作文件是通过对一个阶段会议的主要成果的整理而成，通常集结了一个或多个国家集团的主要观点。
决议草案是对一个议题的解决方案的初步解决方案。
修正案是对决议草案中的不足之处进行的修正。
Position Paper（在正式PP中不用写出来）Delegate: XXXSchool: XXXXXCountry: United KingdomCommittee: ECOSOCTopic A: International Migration（如果有两个议题，则会在大会上先投票选择什么议题再进行磋商。
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写作要点
Keep it simple: Communicate strongly 简洁明了（调研提炼） 简洁明了（调研提炼）
and effectively
Make it official: The more formal it is, the more convincing it looks. 官方正式（相关引用） 官方正式（相关引用） Get organized: Overall structure is logical and clear. 结构清晰 Speech! Speech! A good position paper makes a great introductory
在原文中包括三个议题分别的立场文件，这里只节选了一个议题。 在原文中包括三个议题分别的立场文件，这里只节选了一个议题。
第一部分： 第一部分： 标题 立场文件的标题必须按要求列出： 立场文件的标题必须按要求列出：
Country School Committee
国家名称（全称） 国家名称（全称） 学校名称 委员会名称
文件的写作 NPUMUN Team
流程： 流程：
依据 Background Guide，会前调研 ， 写position paper（会前递交给主席团） （会前递交给主席团） 上会: 做 表达国家观点， 上会 1.做Speech——表达国家观点，了解其他国家的观点 表达国家观点 2.caucus——与其他国家进一步磋商 与其他国家进一步磋商 3. 形成 形成working paper——代表们在进行游说和结盟之后，在 代表们在进行游说和结盟之后， 代表们在进行游说和结盟之后 各自立场文件的基础上，综合他国立场和要求， 各自立场文件的基础上，综合他国立场和要求，草拟出的针对某一问 题的看法和观点， 题的看法和观点，以及解决方法 4.递交 递交draft resolution/report——对工作文件进行格式和内容 递交 对工作文件进行格式和内容 上的加工和完善，成为draft resolution/report，递交给主席团，主 上的加工和完善，成为 ，递交给主席团， 席团通过并编号 (5.提出 提出amendment——对draft resolution/report进行补充、 进行补充、 提出 对 进行补充 修订) 修订 6. 投票通过 投票通过resolution/report——draft resolution /report的 的 最终形式
与议题有关的国家概况、历史 一两句话 一两句话) 与议题有关的国家概况、历史(一两句话 ——（引子） （引子）
• How the issue affects your country; 相关事件对本国的影响 • Your country’s policies and actions with respect to the issue ’ and your country’s justification for them; ’ 本国的政策和提出这些政策的理由 理由， 本国的政策和提出这些政策的理由，这些政策落实情况和效果 列出具体的政策、超越GUIDE，对问题有深入思考、分析、总结 列出具体的政策、超越 ，对问题有深入思考、分析、 • •
内容要求 2
•
Conventions and resolutions that your country has signed or
ratified; 本国已经签署的协议和决议
•
UN actions that your country supported or opposed;
本国支持的联合国行动
Font Size Style
字体为 New Times Roma 10 or 12 注意斜体和加粗
代表国家 代表学校 委员会名称 注意斜体和加粗
Delegation from The Republic of Guatemala
Represented by University of -------
speech. During debate, a good position paper will also help you to
stick to your country’s policies. 利于演讲 Read and reread: Leave time to edit your position paper. Ask yourself if the organization of the paper makes sense and double-check your
Font Size Style Letter Grammar
字体为 Times New Roman 10 or 12 注意斜体和加粗 注意大小写 注意单复数
议题 本国参加的组织 原则性立场 注意大小写
The issue before the Economic and Social Council Plenary is International Tobacco and Narcotics Control. The Republic of Guatemala is involved in such institutions as the World Health Organization, the Rio Group, and the Organization of American States. Guatemala supports the implementation of national development plans with the involvement and support of the international community while affirming our commitment to addressing the following issue:
Position Paper for the Economic and Social Council Plenary
第二部分： 第二部分： 概括性立场 立场文件的首段必须按要求列出： 立场文件的首段必须按要求列出：
Issue Basis Organization
议题（全称） 议题（全称） 原则性立场 相关组织
Quotes from your country’s leaders about the issue; ’
引用领导人的观点（一两句话） 引用领导人的观点（一两句话）
Statistics to back up your country’s position on the issue; ’
统计事实用以支持观点
Grammar Sample
议题 注意斜体
纲领性文件 对议题的初步分析 指出问题的现状 分析问题的影响
International Tobacco and Narcotics Control The Republic of Guatemala is party to the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1972 Protocol amending the Single Convention, the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances and the 1988 UN Drug Convention and recognizes international tobacco and narcotics control warrants improvement and continued vigilance. Maintaining strict border regulation is paramount to a continued decrease in the amount of illicitly transported substances. Drugs erode the social fabric of a country by destroying an individual’s ability to reason, act logically, and exist independently of addiction. Drug smuggling profits are used to finance terror operations including governmental corruption, murder, and intimidation which all pose a tangible threat to national security.
spelling and grammar.
反复检查
Sample Position Paper 实例分析
Format Content Clauses Grammar
格式 内容 句型 语法
A sample position paper from University of Idaho 声明： 声明： 该例文节选自Idaho大学立场文件 大学立场文件 该例文节选自
Position paper
Working paper
Draft Resolution
Resolution
Amendment
MUN中的文件 中的文件: 中的文件
背景材料Background Guide 背景材料 立场文件Position Paper 立场文件 工作文件Working Paper 工作文件 决议草案Draft Resolution 决议草案 修正案Amendment 修正案 决议Resolution 决议
拟写立场文件 Position Paper
培训内容： 培训内容： 格式要求
内容要求 实 例 分 析
评审标准
写作要点
注意事项
内容要求 1
• A brief
introduction to your country and its history concerning the topic and committee;