Joseph Conrad
Joseph Conrad
• The innovation embodies the tendency of reflecting the capriciously psychological space through marginalized geographical space and complicated spatial form art in modernism. • Conrad establishes the spatial form by endowing his fiction with the characteristics of music, sculpture and painting. • It probes into the marginalization of physical spaces and its significance for the illustration of particular themes of modern world.
Literature Achievements
– – – – – – • o o o o o Fiction Almayer's Folly Heart of Darkness Lord Jim Nostromo The Arrow of Gold o The Rescue • o • o • o o o o o o Non-Fiction (A True Life Novel) The Mirror of the Sea Plays One Day More Short Stories The Idiots The Lagoon Youth Prince Roman The Tale A Smile of Fortune
Legacy
• Of Conrad's novels, Lord Jim and Nostromo continue to be widely read, as set texts and for pleasure. The Secret Agent and Under the Western Eyes are also considered to be among his finest books. • Joseph Conrad's most influential work remains Heart of Darkness, The novella's depiction of a journey into the darkness of the human psyche, still resonates with modern readers. • "The Lagoon" (composed 1896; published in Cornhill Magazine 1897; collected in Tales of Unrest, 1898).
英美国家概况 判断题
Chapter 11.( )people in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to theircountry.英国不同地区的人们喜欢用这个名字英格兰引用他们的国家。
2.( )The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flowsthrough western England.塞文河是英国最长的河流,它起源于威尔士和英格兰西部流过。
3.( )Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.今天有一半以上的人仍然在威尔士说古代威尔士的语言。
4.( )In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.在人口和面积方面,北爱尔兰是英国第二大的一部分。
5.( )Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotlandoften falls below -10o C in January.虽然在英国通常是温和的气候,在苏格兰北部的温度经常低于-10年1月份oc6.( )The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.英国的大多数人是盎格鲁撒克逊人的后裔。
7.( )The Celtic people were earliest known inhabitants of Britain.英国凯尔特人们现知最早的定居者。
Joseph Conrad(1857-1924)
• Examples:
Light / dark Black / white Civilized / savage Outer / inner
Black and White
• Black / dark death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized A symbol existing in European society for centuries. Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, then the Dark Ages. According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light. According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the "dark stage".
Joseph Conrad约瑟夫康拉德的英文介绍
Joseph ConradJoseph Conrad(3 December 1857 –3 August 1924)was a Polish-born English novelist who today is most famous for Heart of Darkness, his fictionalized account of Colonial Africa. “He was granted British nationality in 1886, but always considered himself a Pole. Conrad is regarded as one of the greatest novelists in English, though he did not speak the language fluently until he was in his twenties and he always spoke with a marked accent. ”He wrote stories and novels, often with a nautical setting, describing trials of the human spirit in the midst of an indifferent universe. He was a master prose stylist who brought a distinctly non-English tragic sensibility into English literature. He has been praised as one of the most powerful, insightful, and disturbing novelists in the English canon despite coming to English later in life, which allowed him to combine it with the sensibilities of French, Russian, and Polish literature.LIFE AND CAREERJoseph Conrad was born on December 3, 1857, in Berdyczew, Poland. His father was a writer and a translator of the works of William Shakespeare (1564–1616). He was also a member of a movement seeking Polish independence from Russia. In 1862 the family was forced to move to Russia because of his father's political activities. Conrad's mother died three years later in 1865. It was not until 1867 that Conrad and his father were allowed to return to Poland. In 1868 Conrad attended high school in the Austrian province of Galicia for one year. The following year he and his father moved to Cracow, Poland, where his father died in 1869. In the time spent with his father, Conrad became a lover of literature, especially tales of the sea. After his father's death, his uncle, Thaddus Bobrowski, took Conrad in and raised him. In the autumn of 1874 Conrad went to Marseilles, France, where he entered the French marine service. For the next twenty years Conrad led a successful career as a ship's officer. In June 1878 Conrad went to England for the first time. He worked as a seaman on English ships, and in 1880 he began his career as an officer in the British merchant service, rising from third mate to master. His voyages took him to distant and exotic places such as Australia, India, Singapore, Java, and Borneo, which would provide the background for much of his fiction. In 1886 he became a British citizen. He received his first command in 1888. In 1890 he traveled to the Belgian Congo, Zaire, and Africa, which inspired his great short novel The Heart of Darkness. In 1893 he discussed his work in progress, the novel Almayer's Folly, with a passenger, the novelist John Galsworthy (1867–1933). A year later he retired from the merchant marines and completed Almayer's Folly, which was published in 1895. In 1896 he married Jessie George, an Englishwoman. Two years later, they settled in Kent in the south of England, where Conrad lived for the rest of his life.From 1896 through 1904 Conrad wrote novels about places he visited as a merchant marine and he explored themes such as the uncertainties of human sympathy. His early novels included An Outcast of the Islands(1896), The Nigger of the "Narcissus" (1897), The Heart of Darkness (1899), and Lord Jim (1900). The nextthree novels reflected Conrad's political side, including Nostromo (1904), The Secret Agent (1907), Under Western Eyes (1911). Although Conrad's last novels, The Shadow Line (1917) and The Rover (1923), were written as a farewell, he received many honors. In 1923 he visited the United States to great fanfare. The year after, he declined an offer of knighthood in England.On August 3, 1924, Conrad died of a heart attack and was buried at Canterbury, England. His gravestone bears these lines from Edmund Spenser (1552–1599): "Sleep after toyle, port after stormie seas,/ Ease after warre, death after life, does greatly please."Joseph Conrad began writing in 1889. In total, he wrote 13 novels, 28 short stories and 2 memories.Almayer’s Folly(1895) was Conrad‟s first published novel. It is set towards the end of the 19th century in the Malay Archipelago and deals with the conflicts between European colonialism and the native population. Dreams of easy wealth drive the Dutch trader Kaspar Almayer into grandiose schemes which come to nothing. His mixed-race wife despises him and is having an affair with a local native war lord. He completely misjudges the turmoil of events in which he becomes enmeshed and eventually descends into opium addiction and self-destruction. The novel contains many stereotypes of nineteenth century imperialist ideology, but its events are related in a manner which would lead to the development of literary modernism in the 20th century.Lord Jim (1900) is the earliest of Conrad‟s big and serious novels, and it explores one of his favourite subjects –cowardice and moral redemption. Jim is a ship‟s captain who in youthful ignorance commits the worst offence – abandoning his ship. He spends the remainder of his adult life in shameful obscurity in the South Seas, trying to re-build his confidence and his character. What makes the novel fascinating is not only the tragic but redemptive outcome, but the manner in which it is told. The narrator recounts the events in a time scheme which shifts between past and present in an amazingly complex manner. This is one of the features which makes Conrad considered one of the fathers of twentieth century modernism.Heart of Darkness(1902) is a tightly controlled novella which has assumed classic status as an account of the process of Imperialism. It documents the search for a mysterious Kurtz, who has …gone too far‟ in his exploitation of Africans in the ivory trade. The reader is plunged deeper and deeper into the …horrors‟ of what happen ed when Europeans invaded the continent. This might well go down in literary history as Conrad‟s finest and most insightful achievement, and it is based on his own experiences as a sea captain.Nostromo(1904) is Conrad‟s …big‟ political novel – into which he packs all of his major subjects and themes. It is set in the imaginary Latin-American country of Costaguana –and features a stolen hoard of silver, desperate acts of courage, characters trembling on the brink of moral panic. The political background encompasses nationalist revolution and the Imperialism of foreign intervention. Silveris the pivot of the whole story – revealing the courage of some and the corruption and destruction of others. Conrad‟s narration is as usual complex and oblique. He begin s half way through the events of the revolution, and proceeds by way of flashbacks and glimpses into the future.1.Much of his writing bears a profound philosophical quality, exploring the depthsof psychology, morality, the creative impulse, and other pillars of existence.2.Most of his novels and stories have a seaboard setting.3.While some of his works have a strain of Romanticism, he is viewed as aprecursor of Modernism literature. His narrative style and anti-heroic characters have influenced many authors.4.Conrad concludes with a beautiful metaphor that captures the essence of art asboth construct and contextReferences1./Co-Da/Conrad-Joseph.html2./2009/09/17/joseph-conrad-his-greatest-works/3./wiki/Joseph_Conrad。
Heart-of-Darkness
Joseph Conrad （约瑟夫·康拉德）
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Content
The author Brief introduction The meaning of the title
the leading roles' charactor
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Joseph Conrad 约瑟夫·康拉德
Kurtz
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Kurtz is in poor health by the time Marlow encounters him.Heart of Darkness is a chilling tale of horror set in the Congo during the period of rapid colonial expansion in the 19th century. More than a century after its publication（1899）,Heart of Darkness remains an indisputably classic text and argualy Conrad's finest work.The story deals with the highly disturbing effects of economic, social and political exploitation of European and African societies.
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the leading roles' charactor
Marlow
The main character of the story, Marlow is a sailor who revels in exploring the uncharted areas of the world. Unlike the characters he meets on his journey, Marlow has not yet been "subjected" to the chaos that is the African Congo and therefore is able to view things in a somewhat rational light. During his journey through the Congo, Marlow comes to realize that the seemingly uncultured natives probably have more sense than the white Europeans who have come to civilize them. It is important to note that Marlow and Kurtz are the only two people in the novel who are addressed by their actual names. This is Conrad's way of showing them
黑暗之心 乔瑟夫康拉德 读后感英文
黑暗之心乔瑟夫康拉德读后感英文Joseph Conrad’s novella "Heart of Darkness" explores the depths of human nature and the darkness that resides within the human soul. Set against the backdrop of colonial Africa, Conrad delves into the themes of imperialism, exploitation, and the ambiguity of moral truth. The story is narrated by Charles Marlow, who recounts his journey into the Congo River in search of the enigmatic ivory trader, Kurtz.One of the central themes in "Heart of Darkness" is the exploration of imperialism and its consequences. Conrad portrays the Europeans as agents of exploitation and oppression in Africa, using the pretext of civilizing the natives to justify their actions. The portrayal of the African landscape as a place of darkness and savageryreflects the European perception of Africa as an uncivilized and primitive land. Conrad challenges this perception byshowing how the Europeans themselves are consumed by greed and brutality.The character of Kurtz embodies the moral ambiguity at the heart of the novella. Initially idealized as a visionary and a bringer of enlightenment, Kurtz is revealed to be a megalomaniac who has descended into madness. His famous line, "The horror! The horror!" encapsulates the moral nihilismthat Conrad explores throughout the narrative. Kurtz's journey into darkness serves as a mirror for Marlow and the reader, forcing them to confront the potential for evil that lies within themselves.The narrative structure of "Heart of Darkness" adds toits complexity. Marlow's journey up the Congo River mirrors his journey into the depths of the human psyche. The river itself becomes a metaphor for the unconscious mind, with its murky depths and hidden dangers. As Marlow travels further into the heart of Africa, he becomes increasinglydisillusioned with the supposed virtues of civilization and confronts the brutality that lies beneath the surface.Conrad's use of symbolism and imagery is also crucial to the thematic depth of the novella. The contrast between light and darkness pervades the narrative, symbolizing the struggle between enlightenment and ignorance, civilization and savagery. The jungle itself becomes a character in the story, symbolizing the primal forces that lurk within all humans. The portrayal of native Africans as voiceless and passive objects of European exploitation highlights the dehumanizing effects of imperialism.The character of Marlow serves as Conrad's alter ego, providing a lens through which the reader experiences the story. Marlow's moral ambivalence and conflicted feelings towards Kurtz reflect Conrad's own critique of European colonialism. Through Marlow's perspective, Conrad invites thereader to question the moral foundations of imperialism and to confront the darker aspects of human nature.In conclusion, Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" is a powerful exploration of the human psyche and the moral complexities of imperialism. Through its rich symbolism, complex characters, and evocative imagery, Conrad challenges the reader to confront the darkness that resides within themselves and within society. The novella's enduring relevance lies in its profound critique of exploitation and its exploration of the universal human capacity for both good and evil.。
英文专业毕业论文——黑暗的心
英文专业毕业论文——黑暗的心毕业论文(设计)题目名称：解读康拉德的现代主义小说——《黑暗的心》题目类型：论文学生姓名：学部：专业班级：指导教师：辅导教师：时间：Analyzing Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darknessfrom Modernist PerspectiveA Thesis Submitted to the Department of ForeignLanguages Yangtze University College of Arts and Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsBySupervisor：附三：中文目录目录任务书...................................................................................................I 开题报告. (Ⅱ)指导教师评审意见(Ⅲ)评阅教师评语(Ⅳ)答辩会议记录(Ⅴ)英文摘要(Ⅵ)中文摘要(Ⅶ)正文目录(Ⅷ)论文正文 (1)参考文献 (29)致谢 (31)附录一中文翻译 (32)附录二英文原文 (36)毕业论文(设计)任务书学部专业班级学生姓名指导教师/职称1.毕业论文(设计)题目：解读康拉德的现代主义小说-----《黑暗的心》Analyzing Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness from Modernist Perspective2.毕业论文(设计)起止时间：2010年10 月11 日～2011年6月5日3．毕业论文(设计)所需资料及原始数据（指导教师选定部分）[1]Batchelor, John. The Life of Joseph Conrad, [M] Oxford UK & Cambridge USA:Blackwell, 1994.[2]Bradley, Candice.Af rica and Africans in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, [M] London：Penguin Books Ltd, 2000.[3]Brown, Dennis. The Modernist Self in Twentieth—Century English Literature, [M] NewYork：St. Martin’s Press, 1989.[4]Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness and the End of the Tether, [M] New York：AirmontPublishment Company, 1966.[5]Hampson, Robert. Joseph Conrad：Betrayal and Identity, [M] New York：St.Martin’sPress, 1992.[6]Krajka, Wieslaw. Isolation and Ethos-- Study of JosephConrad, [M] Boulder: EastEuropean Monographs, 1992.[7]Lothe, Jkob. Conrad’s Narrative and Method, [M] Oxford：Clarendon Press, 1989.[8]Peters, John. Conrad and Impressionism, [M] Cambridge：Cambridge University Press,2001.[9]Richetti, John. The Columbia History of the British Novel [M] Beijing: Foreign LanguageTeaching and Resarch Press, 2005.[10]S tape, J. H. The Cambridge Companion to Joseph Conrad, [M] Shanghai: ShanghaiForeign Language Press, 2000.[11]S herry, Norman.Conrad’s Western World, [M] Cambridge：Cambridge University Press,1971.[12]S tringer, Jenny. The Oxford Companion to Twentieth—century Literature in English, [M]Oxford：Oxford University Press, 1996.[13]W att, Ian. Impressionism and Symbolism in Heart of Darkness: A Commendation[M] .London: Macmillan. 1979.[14]侯维瑞, 现代英国小说史,[M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社,1985.[15]李彬, 康拉德《黑暗的心》中的现代主义元素,[J] 河北大学成人教育学院学报,2006(3) ：14-16.[16]隋旭升,《黑暗的心脏》中库尔兹和马洛的象征意义,[J]《外国文学评论》,1994 (2)：53-67.[17]姚兰,王颖, 试论《黑暗的心》中黑与自的象征意义,[J] 外国文学研究,2003(3):103-117[18]约瑟夫·康拉德黑暗的心灵,[M] 张和龙译,上海：上海外语出版社,1987.4．毕业论文(设计)应完成的主要内容1. 引言部分，介绍康拉德先生的生平事迹及其小说《黑暗的心》的背景和主要内容2. 文献综述3. 现代主义及其在《黑暗的心》中的运用3.1社会作用3.2《黑暗的心》中的叙述手法3.2.1 叙述框架3.2.2 叙述者3.3小说《黑暗的心》中印象主义艺术手法3.3.1康拉德与印象主义3.3.2 《黑暗的心》中对光的描绘3.3.3 《黑暗的心》中对颜色的描绘3.4 小说《黑暗的心》中象征手法的体现3.4.1 象牙的象征意义3.4.2 马洛的旅程的象征意义3.4.3 库尔兹的死亡的象征意义4. 现代主义手法下掩藏的异化、疏离和孤独意识4.1 人物的异化4.1.1 库尔兹4.1.2 弗利斯利文4.1.3 贸易站上的一群工作者4.2 异化导致的人际间的疏离4.2.1性别间的疏离4.2.2 种族间的疏离4.2.3 殖民者间的疏离4.2.4 黑人土著间的疏离4.3 基于疏离而产生的孤独意识4.3.1 库尔兹未婚妻的孤独4.3.2 库尔兹情妇的内心世界的绝望4.3.3 库尔兹临终前的忏悔5. 得出结论：康拉德抨击了殖民主义的黑暗，反映了现代人对世界个体的相对的理解及困惑，其现代主义的艺术手法对主题的表达卓有成效，其艺术价值对现代主义文学意义深远。
《推敲自我——康拉德_吉姆爷_中的自我建构及其困境》
内容摘要《吉姆爷》（Lord Jim）是约瑟夫·康拉德（Joseph Conrad）最重要的小说之一，小说创作于大英帝国由盛而衰的转折期，集中体现了康拉德对现代社会中“人”的自我建构的探究。
现代社会的多元化将人类物理距离拉近的同时，也造成了生活的碎片化，导致人们陷入了自我建构的困境之中。
《吉姆爷》作为现代主义小说的经典作品之一，融入了康拉德对自我建构困境以及如何冲出这一困境的深邃思考。
本文从领土、语言、身体三方面切入，探索康拉德对自我建构及其危机的书写，挖掘作者在作品中表现出的强烈的认同焦虑，并试图梳理出作者对化解这一困境所提出的构想，揭示《吉姆爷》这部小说的现代启示意义。
绪论部分主要梳理了《吉姆爷》的国内外研究现状，并且提出本文的研究价值和路径。
第一章：自我与外部世界的分离。
从“家园的丧失”和“语言的丧失”两个方面来论述个人在现代性过程中自我主体性的丧失。
第二章：自我的内部分离。
康拉德将身体视为精神的载体，身体的不完备是精神危机的外化。
第三章：自我的重建。
康拉德认为人与世界、与他人、与自我存在着休戚相关之情，个人也只有通过这种休戚相关之情才能获得对自我的正确定位。
警示人们对自然保持一颗敬畏之心，呼吁人与人之间建立互助信任的关系。
康拉德意识到现代社会中人们敬畏之心的缺乏和信任的不可能性，他提出了解决这一困境的最终形式——“自杀”。
主人公在自杀中完成了自我的重建。
关键词：约瑟夫·康拉德《吉姆爷》自我建构ABSTRACTLord Jim is one of Joseph Conrad’s most important novels, it was written during the period that The Great Britain was going from properous to deline, and it intensively reflects conrad’s exploration to Man’s Self-Consititution in modern society. The pluralism of modern society connected human closer to each other in physical distance, but also fragmented people’s life and caused the dilemma ofSelf-Constitution. The problem of identification brought by pluralism become the core problem of his works. As one of moderism classics, Lord Jim engaged Conrad’s deep thoughts on Self-Constitution dilemma and how to break through it.This thesis takes territory,language and body as cutpoints, and then explores Conrad’s writing of Self-Constitution dilemma, and digs up the strong sense of cautions on self-Constitiution, moreover, tries to find out the author’s solutions to this dilemma and reveal the modern apocalypse of Lord Jim. Introduction mainly classifies research status of this novel, and presents the research value and methods of this thesis. Chapter One: The Seperation of Self and Outside World. This part discusses the loss of Subjective during the process of modernity maily from two aspects: “Loss of Homes” and “Loss of Language”. Chapter Two: Seperation of Inner Self. Conrad regards body as carrier of spirit, he thinks the incompleting of body is exteriorization of spirital crisis. Chapter Three: Self-Constitution and Impossibility of the constitution.Conrad thought that there were solidarities between human and world, between individual and others, between one and oneself, one can precisely locating himself only through this solidarity. Conrad warns human to keep respective to nature, and appeals to construct trust and solidarity between self and others. On the other hand, Conrad deconstructs trust and that declares the impossibility of self-constitution. When Conrad realized that people in modern society are lack of respects and the impossibility of trust, he proposed a final solution to this dilemma-suicide. Characters fulfil their self-constitution by suitide.Keywords: Joseph Conrad Lord Jim Self-Constitution目录ABSTRACT (6)绪论 (1)一、论题研究现状及本论文研究价值 (1)1．《吉姆爷》研究概论 (2)2. 《吉姆爷》中自我建构研究现状 (7)二．本文研究特色和框架 (8)第一章：自我与外部世界的分离 (10)第一节家园的丧失 (10)第二节语言的失落 (12)第二章：自我的内部分离 (18)第一节金钱至上——物质杀死了肉体 (18)第二节权力至上——权力杀死了肉体 (22)第三章：自我的重建 (25)第一节人与自然：敬畏之心 (26)第二节人与他人：信任 (29)第三节自杀：解决自我困境的最终形式 (36)结语 (43)参考文献 (45)致谢 (51)绪论一、论题研究现状及本论文研究价值作为现代主义作家的先驱之一，约瑟夫·康拉德（Joseph Conrad）在英国文学史上占据了重要地位，他的主要作品“为最杰出的维多利亚小说家与最出色的现代派小说家提供了一个过渡”1。
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Artistic features
• Time shifts Conrad has shown a disposition of introducing his hero into fiction by presenting a strong impression first so as to catch the reader’s attention, the he would work backward over his past before going on with the progression of the story to its climax. Time shift is another device experimented by Conrad.
Joseph Conrad (18571924)
Life and Career
• Conrad was born in Poland (then under Russian rule) • Conrad was thoroughly bored with life as a student. At the age of 17,he realized his longcherished dream, which he began his service with the French merchant marine. • In 1878,Conrad joined the British merchant service though he knew very little English at the time. • Within ten years, Conrad rose to the rank of captain and mastered the English language.
His Style
• Conrad is also a forerunner of the modern English novelists in his careful creation of symbolical significance. He makes extensive use of symbols in his fiction. • Conrad is also one of the modernist pioneers. His modernity lies largely in his tragic awareness of man’s disillusionment, isolation, and suffering in an alienated and corrupted world of civilization.
• Artistic View
• He claims: The artist, like the thinker or the scientist ,seeks the truth and makes his appeal. He further claims that all art appeals primarily to the senses, and that the artistic aim of literature must make its appeal through the senses. • His artistic view is also influenced by impressionism.
• Moral Outlook
• Conrad was primarily concerned with moral ideas in his writing. Fidelity, solidarity, duty courage ,hard work and self-discipline were high virtues of his moral code.
Points of View
• Pessimistic ideas幻灯片 6
• Conrad was living in an age of imperialist expansion and colonization ,so what he could see was only an avaricious ,predatory and almost psycho-pathetic world.
Artistic Features
• In order to reveal the inner truth of life and to present a progression of moral understanding of human nature ,Conrad and Ford Madox Ford labored in collaboration to work out a whole new set of narrative techniques .
• There is no morality, no knowledge and no hope; there is only the consciousness of ourselves which drives us about a world that... is always but a vain and floating appearance.... • A moment, a twinkling of an eye and nothing remains — but a clot of mud, of cold mud, of dead mud cast into black space, rolling around an extinguished sun. Nothing. Neither thought, nor sound, nor soul. Nothing.
Life and Career
• In 1890, Conrad took a steamboat up the Congo River into the heart of Africa. This nightmarish adventure, which later found its way into Heart of Darkness. • Conrad began his literary career by writing short stories. • After he got married in 1896, Conrad settled down in London. Since then, he had devoted himself to novel writing. • In his second period of creation, he wrote several novels, dealing with social and political subjects. • In his 20 years of literary creation, Conrad wrote 31novels, several collections of short stories, and quite a number of essays.
His Style
• Conrad has become a great prose master of his adopted languageEnglish. • In a figurative language—similes and metaphors • A lush and dense style with piles of sharp images • A poetic quality
His Major Works
• Almayer's Folly (1895) • An Outcast of the Islands (1896) • The Nigger of the 'Narcissus' (1897)
• Lord Jim (1900) • Heart of Darkness(1902) • Nostromo (1904)
• The Inheritors (with Ford Madox Ford) (1901) • Typhoon (1902, begun 1899) • Romance (with Ford Madox Ford,
• • • • • • • • • • •
The Secret Agent (1907) Under Western Eyes (1911) Chance (1913) Victory (1915) The Shadow Line (1917) The Arrow of Gold (1919) The Rescue (1920) The Nature of a Crime (1923, with Ford Madox Ford) The Rover (1923) An Outpost of Progress(1906) The Secret Sharer(1910)
Points of View
• Political Attitude
• His political attitude was rather conservative. He firmly opposed to the practice of conquering killing and enslaving of the native peoples by the colonialists.
Features of His Writings
• He wrote stories and novels, predominantly with a nautical or seaboard setting, that depict trials of the human spirit by the demands of duty and honor. • While some of his works have a strain of Romanticism, he is viewed as a precursor of Modernism literature. His narrative style and anti-heroic characters have influenced many authors. • His short stories and novels reflect aspects of a worldwide empire while also plumb the depths of the human soul.