三种独立主格结构精讲与练习..
(完整word)高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习.doc

独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格构” 就是由一个相当于主的名或代加上非、形容(副)或介短构成的一种独立成分。
构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的不能考其、人称和数的化,它与主句之不能通并列接,也不能由从句阴道引,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格构在很多情况下可以化相的状从句或者其他状形式,但很多候不能化分形式,因它内部的主与主句主不一致。
二、独立主格的特点特点独立主格构的主主句的主不一致,她独立存在。
独立主格构一般置于句首,有置于句中或句尾,用逗号将与主句其隔开独立主格构中的 being 和having been 常可以省略。
大多数独立主格构可以用“with++” 构代替。
独立主格有其特殊的使用合,多用于面,尤其是描述性言中,口中不常使用。
示例Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.叶到,我一下注意到已是深秋了。
(独立主格的主是leaves,主句是 I) Time permitting, the restoration work could be done better.允的,回复工作可以做得更好。
(独立主格的主是Time,主句是 the restoration work)The plan successfully carried out, everything worked out perfectly.划成功地完成了,一切展利。
A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, othersto adjust his girdle, and so on.多官跟在皇帝后面,有的拎着皇帝的袍,其他的他整理要等。
All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.所有的窗开着,屋子里的空气更新了。
独立主格结构精讲精练(定稿)

独立主格结构一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构(absolute construction),由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词(或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)构成。
在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。
具有以下特点:(1)在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。
(2)可置于句首,也可放在句尾。
(3)主要用于书面语。
(4)它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同,不指同一人或同一物。
(5)be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。
二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词/主格代词+现在分词(表示主动含义和动作正在进行)名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者,与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
①Weather permitting (= If time permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.天气许可的话,我们明天去看你。
(表示条件)②Spring coming on (= When spring came on), the trees turned green.春天来了,树木绿油油的。
(表示时间) 注意:(1)如果该结构表示的动作先发生,则用“名词/主格代词+having done”,含义为“……已经……”。
例如:The students having finished their homework (= After the students finished their homework), we went home.学生做完家庭作业后,我们回家了。
(2)如果该结构表示“……正在被……”,则用“名词/主格代词+being done”, being不能省略。
例如:Food being cooked (= When food was being cooked), I fell asleep.当食物正在被烹饪的时候,我睡着了。
英语独立主格结构精讲精练

英语:独立主格结构精讲精练I. 独立主格结构的基本概念由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。
II. 独立主格结构的基本构成形式及功能独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。
1、名词或代词主格+ 分词①The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。
②Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步。
2、名词或代词主格+ 形容词①Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。
② The clothes very dirty, you'd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧!3、名词或代词主格+ 不定式The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了。
4、名词或代词主格+ 介词短语① Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。
② There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。
5、名词或代词主格+ 副词① The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。
高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)

独立主格结构“独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
(一)独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分,形式为:基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1.名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例:The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注:“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去,形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
2.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例:The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3.名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行)to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例:Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.5.名词/代词+形容词短语形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。
(完整word)高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习

独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接,也不能由从句阴道词引导,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
二、独立主格的特点【注意】1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”,being不可以被省略。
2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时,being不可以省略。
三、独立主格结构的用法。
一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。
“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.不定式构成的独立主格结构不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态,在句中常作原因状语,有时做条件状语。
Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.由于很多作业要做,我只好待在家里。
So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job.如此多的孩子要照顾,这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。
2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构动词-ing形式的句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语,否则就是不正确的。
动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语,构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构,逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系,是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发出的动作。
(完整版)独立主格结构讲解及练习

(完整版)独立主格结构讲解及练习独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词;过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)1. 名词(代词)+现在分词例句:The storm drawing nea,the navvy decided to call it a dayThe storm draw ing n ear在句中作:原因状语=Since the storm was drawing nea,the navvy decided to call it a day由于暴风雨即将来临,那个挖土小工决定收工。
(call it a day今天到此为止)例句:Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder.Win ter comi ng 在句中作:伴随状语=The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
造句:时间允许的话,我就和你一起走。
Time permitt in g, I will go with you. 独立主格作:条件状语=改写:ftime permits, I will go with you.造句:那个姑娘望着他,他不知道说什么好。
The girl stari ng at him, he did n 'k now what to say.独立主格作:时间状语=改写:As the girl stared at him, he did n 'tk now what to say.2. 名词(代词)+过去分词例句:He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
独立主格精讲精练

语法直击:独立主格结构口诀:主语不一样,主谓不一致。
1)独立主格结构例:The baby began to cry afresh, his face very pale and his lips colorless.主语不一样:the baby, his face.主谓不一致:his face very pale. 完整句型应该为his face was very pale.例:Class over, all the students went out from the classroom.主语不一样:class, all the student.主谓不一致:class over. 完整句型应该为class is over.1)with复合独立主格结构口诀不变,分句前加上with.例:Last night he was so tired that he fell asleep, with the lamp burning.主语不一样:he, the camp.主谓不一致:the lamp burning. 完整句型应该为the lamp is burning.例:Frank stared at his friend, with his mouth open.主语不一样:Frank, his mouth主谓不一致:his mouth open.整句应该为his mouth was open.语法体现:The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.主语不一致:a large car, its headlight/its horn主谓不一致:its headlights on. 完整句应该为its headlights was on.应试难点:1)独立主格的作用2)独立主格的种类难点解析:1)独立主格的作用独立主格的使用范围非常的广泛,在需要表达时间,原因,条件,伴随等状语时,都可以使用独立主格结构。
独立主格结构总结及练习

独立主格结构一、概念独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是一种特殊的结构,前一部分是名词或主格代词(作为逻辑主语),后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式和分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语,独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 在句中做状语,用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活,可位于句前、句中或句末,常由逗号将其与句子其它部分分开。
它有以下几个特点:1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
3. 做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语、伴随状语等时候,通常可转换成状语从句或并列句。
二、独立主格结构的三种类型:(一)非谓语动词独立主格结构逻辑主语+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)1. 名词(代词)+现在分词分词作状语,当其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
用名词(代词)+现在分词时,名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
此时的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行(或当时正在进行)。
有时现在分词不表示进行,而表示一般情况的状态或动作。
a) Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.如果情况如此的话,你没有理由解聘他。
b) He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm.他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着。
c) Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground.他们的房间在三层楼上,窗户俯视着操场。
(表示一般情况的状态或动作)2. 名词(代词)+ 过去分词名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动意义或完成意义。
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思茅一中图书馆 思茅一中图书馆
灵 感 勤 奋
杨 志 明 成 功 路
I. 基本知识:独立主格结构是由名词或代词加 非谓语动词、形容词等构成的一种结构,用 于修饰整个句子。其名词或代词与其后的非 谓语动词、形容词等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 独立主格结构的类型: 1. 非谓语动词独立主格结构 2. 无动词独立主格结构 3. with复合结构 独立主格结构的用法特点:常置于句首或句 末,与句子之间不能使用任何连接词,主要 用作状语;with复合结构也可用作定语。
Ⅱ. 学习体会与归纳
1. 非谓语动词独立主格结构
n. + non-infinitive pron. to do… to be done 一般式 doing… being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 done 主动 被动
主动 His friends to come tonight, he is trying his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后 We doubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行 The last bus having gone, we had to walk 主动 谓语动词之前 home. doing / having done / to do 的异同 逻辑主 与谓语动词动作的 时间关系 谓关系 doing 与谓语同时 主 having done 谓语之前 动 to do 谓语发生时尚未发生
3. with复合结构 前述的“n. / pron. + 非谓语动词”和“n. / pron. + (being) 表语“两种独立主格结构中,大多可 在其前加上介词with,这就形成了with复合结 构。 to do… doing done with + O + OC n. without adj. adv. prep-phrase
7. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. (2007福建) —Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 8. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________. (2005北京) A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
4. Father came home, _________. Which is wrong? A. a dog following him B. followed by a dog C. being followed by a dog D. a dog followed him 5. ______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. Which is wrong? B. Given A. If he gives C. If given D. If he is given
3. Bats are surprising long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years. (2011浙江卷3) A. having B. had C. have D. to have 4. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it. (2007安徽) A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
9. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ____________ in a year. (2005湖南34) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
Ⅳ. 巩固练习 1. There I met several people, two of ______ being foreigners. 独立主格结构 B. 2. There I met several people, two of C. were foreigners. 非限制性定语从句 _____ 3. There I met several people, and two of B. _____ were foreigners. and连接并列句 A. who B. them C. whom D. that 要特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之 间可用逗号分开,但不能使用任何连接词。
6. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched (2007年山东卷13)
I received many Christmas gifts, some of them books. He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. The music on, I can’t focus my mind on the work. The new teacher came in, a smile on her face. 注: 在表示方式的独立主格结构中,为了使句子 简洁,往往将“逻辑主语 + 介词短语”中的 冠词或代词都省略。 The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
Ⅲ. 高考试题体验 1. The party will be held in the garden, weather _______. (2012新课标全国卷 28) B. to permit A. permitting C. permitted D. permit 2. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____________ them. (2012辽宁卷25) A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows
注意:being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略: 1) “There being + 名词”结构中: There being no bus, we had to walk home. 2) 由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。 逻辑主语为代词时: It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日,所有办公室都关门。 There being a lot of work to do, I can’t go with you. There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was very dry. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.
被动式 被动 Many trees and flowers to be planted, our newly-built school will look more beautiful. The manager looks worried, many things
to settle. 被动
主动式
特别提示:
5. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____ for the day. (2007重庆卷25) B. finished A. finishing C. had finished D. were finished
“n. / pron. + 不定式”的独立主格结构中,如 果n. / pron.为不定式动作的承受者,且句子主 语为不定式动作的执行者时,通常不定式要用 主动式,否则不定式要用被动式。
2. 无动词独立主格结构 此结构常被看作是“名词 / 代词 + being + 表语” 省略了being的结构。 n. n. adj. + ( being ) + predicative pron. adv. prep-phrase Ten students entered competition, School being over, wefor all the went home. the youngest being a boy of 12. 放学后,我们都回家去了。 十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛,年纪最小的是 Theis little girl entered the room, her face He standing in front of the blackboard, 个 12 岁的男孩。 being red with towards cold. his back being us. 他站在黑板面前,背对着我们。 小女孩走进了房间,她的脸冻得通红。
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.