【优质试卷】2019-2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars(含解析)
2019届高考英语一轮基础自练题Unit4Sharing(含解析)新人教版选修
Unit 4 Sharing李仕才***阅读理解。
In our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted. We only treasure things when they are gone. This is a sad truth of human nature. One day, I found myself as a witness to a similar situation.One evening, I left work and boarded the train. After entering, I noticed something unusual. The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowde d with people standing. I didn’t pay much attention and sat down on one of the empty seats. I sensed a funny smell. It was n’t long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me. He was bleeding from his nose. Why wasn’t anyone helping him?His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell. Along with the smell, his eyes were dull, watery, and red. Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had committed a crime. As the train stopped at stations and more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him. All the seats around him were empty.Suddenly, he began to swear at the people around him. A plainclothes police officer who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man. The officer, not wanting to touch the homeless man, told him his rights and directed him to exit the train. As the officer walked the man out of the train, the homeless man turned around and said “MY HOME！” and started crying.A man doesn’t value things until they are gone. If he didn’t have a home, at least he had freedom. Now he has neither. No one wants to help someone who won’t help himself.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。
高中人教版英语2019届高三高考一轮选练习题必修四Unit4Bodylanguage(含解析)
必修4 Unit 4 Body language李仕才一、阅读理解AFacing increasing pressure to raise students' scores on standardized tests, schools are urging kids to work harder by offering them obvious encouragements. Happy Meals are at the low end of the scale. With the help of businesses, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, and —in a growing number of cases — cold, hard cash. The appeal of such programs is obvious, but the consequences of tying grades to goods are still uncertain. It's been a common tradition in middleclass families to reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life. But for many disadvantaged minority children, the longterm benefits of getting an education are not so clear, according to experts.No one knows for sure how well cash and other bigticket rewards work in education in the long run. But there are plenty of concerns that this kind of practice could have negative effects on kids. Virginia Shiller, a clinical psychologist, says that it's worth experimenting with cash encouragements but that tying them to success on a test is not a worthwhile goal. “I'd rather see rewards based on effort and responsibility — things that will lead to success in life，” she says.Even if rewards don't lead to individual achievement on a test, they could have a meaningful effect in the school. Charles McVean, a businessman and philanthropist (慈善家), started a tutoring program which pays higherachieving students $10 an hour to tutor struggling classmates and divides them into teams. During the course of the year, students bond and compete. The team posting the highest math scores wins the top cash prize of $100. McVean calls the combination of peer (同龄人) tutoring, competition，and cash encouragements a recipe for “nothing less than magic”．For its part, the Seminole County Public Schools system in Florida plans to continue its report card encouragement program through the rest of the school year. The local McDonald's restaurants help the poor district by paying the $1,600 cost of printing the report card. Regina Klaers, the district spokeswoman, says mostparents don't seem bothered by the Happy Meals rewards. “There are many ways we try to urge students to do well, and sometimes it's through the stomach, and sometimes it's the probability of students winning a car，” she says. “One size doesn't fit all.”【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了物质奖励对学生的成绩是否有促进作用。
2019版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars(含解析)
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars李仕才一、阅读理解。
The effects of coffee consumption on health have long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s, some have spoken out against coffee as it’s harmful to health, while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.According to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption, three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behavior. The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson’s disease.According to Dr. Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic, high consumption of coffee has health risks. Dr. Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr. Gregory Marcus, a doctor from the University of California, San Francisco, daily moderate consumption of caffeine, less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues.Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health, it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.When informed of these possible health benefits and harm of drinking coffee, Harwood, a high school student stated, “Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。
2019高考英语一轮达标Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars练题(含
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars李仕才一、阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
One of the main creators of the World Wide Web，Sir Tim BernersLee has warned that the fast growth of the Internet is also creating serious problems.He especially warns of false information being easily spread around the Internet，“A great danger is that it becomes a place where untruths start to spread more than truths，or it becomes a place which becomes increasingly unfair in some way.”In particular he mentions the p henomena of blogging.Blogging enables friends and contacts to easily spread information.However he argues that people may too easily trust information mentioned in a blog.This inaccurate information can then easily become an accepted truth on the Internet.He suggests that the most important development of the Internet will be in creating ways of allowing people to check the correctness of information by providing original sources.Sir Tim admits that this is an important challenge.It's interesting to note that Wikipedia(维基百科)has had to take steps to prevent false information from being added to the biographies of living people.It's easy for anybody to edit the open source.However，some people have pointed out that it has been used to spread false materials.In seeking to raise standards，Wikipedia has sought to stop the false materials.At the same time there is a growing view that the Internet has had a great effect on the way millions of people work.The last two years have seen a big growth in the use of the Internet.There appears no slowdown in the growth of the Internet with increasing access in the developing countries.Sir Tim says another major challenge will be to provide free Internet for everybody.Sir Tim has recently launched a new joint initiative (倡议)between the University of Southampton and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to create the first degree in Web science.The two schools hope to raise the standards of web content.1．What is the especially serious problem that Sir Tim refers to?A．The growth of the Internet is too fast.B．The Internet has a side effect on young children.C．The Internet companies compete against each other in an unfair way.D．The false information spreads rapidly on the Internet.2．What causes the biographies to have false information?A．The Internet users refuses other users to correct them.B．Wikipedia doesn't take any steps.C．Anybody can easily edit the biographies.D．Wikipedia attempts to publish false materials.3．According to the last paragraph，the purpose of the joint initiative is to ________.A．provide free Internet access to the poor countriesB．improve the reliability of online contentC．create the first degree in science and technologyD．enlarge the use of the Internet4．We can infer from the text that ________.A．Sir Tim has built two schools recentlyB．the Internet is harmful to the people's healthC．Sir Tim hopes everyone can use the Internet for freeD．the Internet develops slowly in the developing countries【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了互联网的快速发展所带来的一些问题。
2019高考英语一轮复习练习题Unit4Pygmalion(含解析)新人教版选修8
Pygmalion李仕才一、阅读理解A business school in Paris will soon begin using artificial intelligence and facial analysis to determine whether students are paying attention in class. The software, called Nestor, is used in two online classes at the ESG business school beginning in September.The idea, according to LCA founder Marcel Saucet, is to use the data that Nestorcollects to improve the performance of both students and professors. The software uses students webcams （网络摄像机）to analyze eye movements and facial expressions and determine whether students are paying attention to a video lecture. It then formulates quizzes based on the content covered during moments of inattentiveness. Professors would also be able to identify moments when students ' attention declin ed, which could help to improve their teaching, Saucet says.Advocates for AI in education say that the software is actually unable to teacha course, but the technology could be used as a digital tutor that would adapt to astudent 's individual needs, and help develop more effective studying habits. Suchsoftware could also help teachers by providing feedback on the effectiveness of their teaching, advocates say.Saucet says Nestor won 't store any of the video footage it gets and that hiscompany has no plans to sell any other data the software collects. In addition to facial recognition and analysis, the software can integrate （合并）with students ' calendars to suggest possible study times, and track their online behavior to pick up on patterns.Rose Luckin, a professor at the University College London Knowledge Lab, says AI could unlock the “black box of learning ” by providing information on how and whenlearning happens. Luckin says a program like Nestor could be useful for students whotake classes remotely, since “there isn 't a human there watching them. ” And while some are concerned that AI may one day replace teachers, Luckin sees the technology more as an assistant, rather than a replacement. Saucet agrees.“Human contact isnot going to go away,he says. “There will always be professors.1. How does Nestor work to find out when students aren ' t paying attention?A. By collecti ng the data of stude nts ' performa nee in differe nt classes.B. By collecting the students ' grades in the quizzes.C. By shooting an d analyzing students ' eye movements and facial expressions..D. By ide ntify ing mome nts whe n stude nts ' atte nti on decli ned.2. Which is the benefit of Al education?A. It could be used exactly to replace a tutor.B. It helps stude nt to develop more effective study ing habits.C. The software is able to satisfy the requireme nt of a course.D. It could help teachers to give feedback on students ' performanee..3. How does Nestor deal with the in formatio n collected from stude nts?A. Nestor will use it to suggest pos sible study time to students ' schedule.B. It won ' t store any video footage but facial expression.C. The company hasn ' t expected to make profits by selling the data to othercorporati on s..D. Nestor will use it to keep track online of students ' behavior a nd punish them.4. What is Rose Luck in ' s attitude towards the replaceme nt of teachers with Al?A. Objective.B. Approv ing.C. In differe nt.D. Opposed.【文章大意】本文介绍新的软件Nestor。
2019高考英语一轮基础达标练题 Unit 4 Making the news(含解析)新人教版必修
Making the news李仕才一、阅读理解。
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they’re usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes are planted under the canopy(树荫) of taller trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow fullsun coffee. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases the local wildlife habitat, because native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者) on the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the fullsun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides(杀虫剂) are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plants, and then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shadeg rown” and “birdfriendly”. Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we’re paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it’s worth it.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，通过拉丁美洲的农民种植咖啡作物的事例说明了咖啡作物长在树下对生态系统的重要性。
2019版高考(人教)英语一轮基础达标练：选修7U4含答案.docx
2019版高考（人教）英语一轮基础达标练：选修7U4含答案**阅读理解。
Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy・ It can also be flill of challenges, setbacks（挫折）and heartbreaks・ Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires that little something more wc want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing wc can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls（陷阱）that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.This tension between what we feel we can have and what we5re seemingly able to have is the niggling（烦人的）suffering jhe anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it，s easier to just give up. But we7re never meant to let go of part of us that knows we can have more・ The intelligence behind that knowing is us — the real us. It's the part that believes in the life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little u dead M inside because youre dropping M you u・So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns?Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges・While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind 一or the minds of those close to us 一usually says we can^t・ That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again .It has done it many times before ・ It's all about starting simple and doing it now.Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you'll be on your way.1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should _______ •A.slow down and live a simple lifeB.be careful when we choose to changeC.stick to our dreams under any circumstancesD・ be content with what we already have2.What is the key to breaking the old patterns?A.To focus on every detail.B.To decide and take immediate action.C・ To listen to those close to us.D.To think twice before wc act.3.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?A.Escape from your punishment.B.Realization of your dreams.C・ Freedom from your tension.D. Reduction of your expectations・4.What does the author intend to tell us?A.It's easier than we think to get what we want.B.It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life.C・ It's impractical to change our way of thinking.D. It's harder than vve expect to follow a new course.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。
2019版高考(人教)英语一轮基础达标练：必修3U4含答案
2019版高考（人教）英语一轮基础达标练：必修3U4含答案**阅读理解。
Pollution’s great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the country’s total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency.Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle—construction, restoration, operation, maintenance （维护）and demolition（拆毁）—than those who construct more regular buildings.The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings.The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of coolbreezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.1.What is the text mainly about?A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.B. The process of building green buildings.C. The benefits and features of green buildings.D. Green buildings effects on the environment.2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that______.A. produce no wasteB. only use clean energyC. are made of recycled materialsD. use energy and resources more efficiently3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.4.Why are green roofs used ?A. They fit the surrounding environment wellB. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofsC. They can keep natural water for use in everyday lifeD. They can help to control the temperature in the building well【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。
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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars李仕才一、阅读理解。
The effects of coffee consumption on health have long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s, some have spoken out against coffee as it’s harmful to health, while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.According to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption, three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behavior. The report also says that coffee consump tion helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson’s disease.According to Dr. Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic, high consumption of coffee has health risks. Dr. Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr. Gregory Marcus, a doctor from the University of California, San Francisco, daily moderate consumption of caffeine, less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues.Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health, it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.When informed of these possible health benefits and harm of drinking coffee, Harwood, a high school student stated, “Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康的几种不同观点。
1．What is the people’s attitude towards the effects of coffee on health according to Paragraph 1? A．Disapproving. B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful. D．Mixed.D 解析：细节理解题。
根据第一段可知，长期以来，饮用咖啡是否对健康有影响一直是有争议的、不确定的。
一些人认为咖啡有害于健康，一些人则认为其有益于健康。
D项意为“混合的，混杂的”，符合题意，故D项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A．Personal. B．Slight.C．Reasonable. D．Heavy.C 解析：词义猜测题。
根据该句中的“less than 4 cups”可知，饮用的咖啡不超过4杯；据此可以判断，该句是说，每天摄入适量的咖啡因对身体无害。
据此可知，画线词意为“适度的”，故C项正确。
3．What can we infer about Harwood?A．He’ll keep on drinking coffee.B．He loves his high school life.C．He often falls asleep in class.D．He has some health problems.A 解析：推理判断题。
根据文章最后两句“Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”可知，Harwood认为，尽管喝咖啡可能会带来一些负面影响，但大多数情况下，喝咖啡对健康有好处；更不用说，他需要咖啡来保持清醒。
据此可以推断，他将继续喝咖啡，故A项正确。
4．What would be the best title for the text?A．Why People Love Coffee?B．How Coffee Affects Health?C．The Culture of Coffee DrinkingD．The New Findings of Heart DiseaseB 解析：标题归纳题。
通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康的不同说法。
有人认为适量饮用咖啡有益身体健康，有人却认为过量饮用咖啡会增加心脏病的发病率。
据此可知，B项最适合作为本文的标题。
二、单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案：whoever whoever “无论谁”，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。
2．My relationship with the actors is fundamental ________my work as a director.答案：to be fundamental to ... “……是……的基础”。
3．I can say that it is the ________(violence) film that I have ever seen.答案：most violent 由“that I have ever seen”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。
4．His last paintings are perhaps the most ________(puzzle), which even the artists can't make sense of.答案：puzzling 此处形容词puzzling “令人困惑的”作表语，描述主语paintings的本质特征。
5．________exists a good way to solve the problem in geography.答案：There There exists ... “存在……；有……”。
6．As secondhand smoking is ________(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.答案：harmful 此处形容词harmful “有害的”作表语。
7．She bought a heavy curtain ________(block) out the light.答案：to block 此处动词不定式短语to block out作目的状语。
8．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ________ , hoping to make his parents less worried.答案：up cheer up “(使)感到高兴，(使)振作起来”。
9．Measures have been taken to prevent the river from ________(pollute)．答案：being polluted prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中pollute 和river存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填动名词的被动结构。
10．________(like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing.答案：Unlike 根据语意可知，“并不像”你所猜测的那样，故填Unlike，引导名词性从句。
三、完形填空。
The murmur of the audience had just faded into silence.This was one of the most __1__ days in fiveyearold Patricia McKee's life：the Kernot School Concert.She stood __2__ the curtain with her schoolmates.Yet she was not __3__ because everyone had been practicing for weeks and knew their __4__ by heart.Being in a remote country town，Patricia knew that everyone would __5__ for the big occasion－everyone！Yet，it was this awareness that added a sense of __6__ to her excitement.There were two people who couldn't be in that __7__ that night—her mum and dad.Patricia's parents __8__ the local general store，which was __9__ for business 24 hours.So it was simply __10__ that Mum and Dad could never attend community activities.It had been this way with her sister，so why should it be any __11__ for her?Still，Patricia couldn't help __12__ that her parents could be there to see her on such a special day，so she decided to __13__ the subject with her mother.__14__，she had to face the facts.At such a young age，Patricia couldn't really understand the deep __15__ in her mother's response：“I'll try to be there，sweetheart，but you know how __16__ it is for us to get away from the store.”Yet as the curtain slowly opened, little Patricia got the __17__ of her life.There，sitting four rows the front was her mother with a big smile on her face!This powerful image __18__ one of Patricia's most treasured memories.“Words cannot express the pure joy we both __19__ at that moment，” said Patricia.Her parents have passed away, but what a wonderful legacy(遗产) they've left us：when someone really __20__ you，be there for them.1．A.difficult B．importantC．sad D．perfect2．A.before B．underC．beside D．behind3．A.excited B．movedC．afraid D．lost4．A.parts B．relationsC．jobs D．forms5．A.join up B．prepareC．drop in D．turn out6．A.happiness B．sadnessC．willingness D．eagerness7．A.audience B．storeC．play D．movie8．A.bought B．gotC．sold D．ran9．A.easy B．openC．still D．closed10．A.recognized B．deniedC．accepted D．incredible11．A.different B．satisfiedC．personal D．wise12．A.thinking B．talkingC．learning D．wishing13．A.hand in B．go throughC．bring up D．put away14．A.Surprisingly B．HappilyC．Obviously D．Sadly15．A.pain B．meaningC．understanding D．thought16．A.awful B．hardC．troublesome D．thankful17．A.blow B．wonderC．person D．surprise18．A.remained B．leftC．took D．affected19．A.wanted B．experiencedC．made D．forgot20．A.hates B．lovesC．cares D．needs【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。