高考英语功能意念项目表
Unit 1 Section Ⅴ 功能意念项目和话题项目(自修课)
[话题词汇积累]
1．art 2．artist 3．creative 4．sculpture 5．abstract 6．typical 7．valuable 8．visual 9．vivid 10．carve
n．艺术 n．艺术家 adj.有创造力的 n．雕刻(术)；雕刻作品 adj.抽象的 adj.典型的；有代表性的 adj.有价值的 adj.视觉的 adj.生动的；逼真的 vt.雕刻；刻记
20．have a strong interest in
[话题佳句必背]
1．The art of film should base on its own nation and consult from the other styles, which promotes its growth. 电影艺术的发展就是依靠各个国家、各种流派的相互借鉴吸 收，最终推动其成长。 2．Tom had a strong interest in painting when he was a child. 自小汤姆就对绘画有着强烈的兴趣。 3．The art of Chinese folk papercutting with a history of more than 1,000 years is known all over the world. 中国的民间剪纸艺术超过 1 000 多年的历史，闻名全世界。
[文化差异] 在日常交谈中，人们会经常谈到自己的爱好或偏爱。在谈到爱 好时，英美国家的人涉及话题最多的是音乐、电影、时装、篮球和 足球等体育运动；饮食和旅游也是一个常谈的话题。 与英语国家的人交往，要学会善于表达自己的爱好。对不同的 人和事， 在不同的时间和地点， 表达厌恶喜好的方式都是有差异的。 在熟人面前， 可以直言不讳， 直接用 like, dislike, love, be fond of, be keen on 等表示自己的爱好。但初次见面时，或在比较正式的场合， 措辞就应该委婉礼貌一点，这时可使用 I'd like to, I'd rather ... than, I'd prefer to, I'm afraid I don't like, I'd better 等表达方式， 而不要使用 I hate, I can't stand 等语义强烈的措辞。
2020年高考英语考试大纲
2020年高考考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition) (21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(36) 惊奇(Surprise)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征(Features)(52) 形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)(54) 材料(Material) (55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66) 目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and geography) 23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art) 附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a& adabroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & nabsurd aabundant aabuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent n accept v access n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition n address n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult n advance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice n advise v advocate v affair naffect v affection n afford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & n after ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again ad against prepage nagency n agenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft n airline n airmail n album n alcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pron allergic aalley n allocate v allow v allowance n almost ad alone aalong ad & prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet n already ad also adalternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America namong prep amount n & v ample aamuse vamusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry a animal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy v annual a another a &pron Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron& a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment nappreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron n arbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue v argument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & v armchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle n artificial aartist nas ad,conj& prep ash n ashamed a Asia nAsian a & n aside adask vasleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance nassistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend v attention n attitude n attract v attraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic a autonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a& n background n backward(s) ad bacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar n barbecue n barber n barbershop n bare a bargain n & v bark v & n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic a basin n basis n basket n basketball n bat nbath n bathe v bathroom n bathtub n battery n battle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been) v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg v begin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehavior (Am behavior) n behind prep & ad being nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prepbesides prep & ad betray vbetween prepbeyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle n bill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth n birthday n birthplace n biscuit n bishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & v blank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & v blood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & v bond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & v boom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a &pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v brain n brake n & v branch n brand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed) vbrochure n broken a broom n brother n brown n & a brunch nbrush v & n Buddhism n budget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) v building n bunch n bungalow n burden n bureaucratic a burglar nburn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed) v & n burst vbury vbus nbush n business n businessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj& prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful a careless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & v cassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century n ceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman (pl chairmen/women) n chalk n challenge n challenging a champion n chance n change n & v changeable a channel nchant v & n chaos nchapter n character n characteristic a & n charge v & n chart nchat n & v cheap acheat n & v check n & v cheek ncheer n & v cheerful a cheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & n chemist n chemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n Christmas nchurch n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n & v circuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen ncity ncivil a civilian n civilization n clap vclarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v & acleaner n clear a clerk n clever a click v climate n climb v clinic n clock n clone v close a & ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach n coal n coast n coat n cocoa n coffee ncoin n coincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & v combine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment ncommittee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence nconservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & v corn n corner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & vcost n & v cosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin n cover n & v cow ncrash v & n crayon n crazy acream n create v creature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal n criterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads n crowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & v curious a currency n curriculum ncurtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist ndad=daddy n daily a,ad& n dam n damage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous a dare v & modal v dark a & n darkness n dash v & n data n database n date n & v daughter n dawn nday ndead a deadline n deaf adeal ndear a death n debate n & v debt n decade n decide v decision n declare v decline v decorate v decoration n decrease v deed n deep a & ad deer n defeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v & n deserve vdesign v & n desire v & ndesk ndesperate a dessert n destination n destroy v detective n determine v develop v development n devote vdevotion n diagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference ndifferent a difficult a difficulty ndig(dug,dug) v digest v digital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip v diploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute vdistrict ndisturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide v division n divorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor n dormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n& a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a &proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad& nEaster neastern a easy aeat(ate,eaten) v ecology n edge nedition n editor n educate v education n educator n effect neffort negg n eggplant n either a,conj& ad elder nelect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor n employ vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & v ending n endless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge v enough pron,a& ad enquiry nenter v enterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire a entrance n entry n envelope n environment n envy v & n equal a & v equality n equip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt v escape n & v especially ad essay n Europe n European a & n evaluate v even adevening nevent n eventually adever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence n evident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine v example n excellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition n exist v existence n exit n expand v expect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert n explain v explanation n explicit a explode v explore v export n & v expose v express v & n expression n extension n extra aextraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v& a fantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron& afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1 afine2 vfinger n fingernail n finish v & n fire n & v fireworks n firm1 nfirm2 afish n & v fisherman n fist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash n flashlight n flat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) v flesh n flexible a flight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep &conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) vfork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant a framework nfranc nfree afreedom n freeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing a frequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship n frighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & n frontier nfrost nfruit n fry vfuel nfull afun n & a function n & v fundamental a funeral n funny afur n furnished a furniture n future nGgain v gallery n gallon n game n garage n garbage n garden n garlic n garment n gas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got) v gift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory n glove nglue ngo(went,gone) v goal ngoat ngod ngold n & a golden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern v government n grade ngradual a graduate v graduation n grain ngram n grammar n grand a grandchild ngranddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreen a & n greengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground n group ngrow(grew,grown) v growth n guarantee v guard nguess vguest n guidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham n hamburger n hammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome a handwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) n hard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch v hate v &nhave(has,had,had) v he pronhead n & v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight n helicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & v helpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pron herself pron hesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) v high a & ad highway nhill nhim pron himself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & n hobby nhold(held,held) v hole nholiday n holy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife nhousework nhow adhowever ad &conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter n hurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream n idea n identity n identification n idiom nif conjignore vill aillegal a illness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & ad inch n incident n include vincome n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v information n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn n innocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist v inspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent vinvention n invitation ninvite viron n & virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin v joke n journalist n journey njoy njudge n & v judgement (Am judgment) n juice njump n & v jungle njunior ajust a & ad justice nKkangaroo n keep(kept,kept) v kettle nkey n keyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1 nkind2 akindergarten n kindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) nknock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory nlabour(Am labor) nlack n & vlady nlake nlamb n lame alamp nland n & v language n lantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & ad latter nlaugh n & v laughter n laundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid) v lazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt或-ed,-ed) v least n leather n leave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad& n leg nlegal a lemon n & a lemonade n lend(lent,lent) v length n lesson nlet(let,let) v letter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library n license nlid nlie1 n & v lie2(lay,lain) v life(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v& a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & v listen v literature n literary alitre(Am liter) n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & a lively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & v lonely along a & ad look n & v loose alorry nlose(lost,lost) v loss nlot nloud a lounge n love n & v lovely alow a & ad luck nlucky a luggage n lunch nlung nMmachine n mad amadam/madame n magazine nmagic amaid nmail n & vmailbox nmain amainland nmajor amajority nmake1 nmake2(made,made) v male a & nman(pl men) nmanage vmanager nmankind nmanner nmany(more,most) pron& a map nmaple nmarathon nmarble nmarch n & vmark n & vmarket nmarriage nmarry vmask n & vmass nmaster v & nmat nmatch v & n material n mathematics=math/maths n matter n & v mature a maximum a & n may modal v maybe adme pronmeal nmean(meant,meant) v meaning n means n meanwhile ad measure vmeat nmedal nmedia nmedical a medicine n medium nmeet(met,met) v & n meeting nmelon nmember n memorial n & a memory nmend vmental amention n & v menu n merchant a & n merciful amercy nmerely ad。
高考英语功能意念项目表
高考英语功能意念项目表一It’s my pleasure.“这是我的荣幸/不客气。
”用于别人对你表示感谢时的回答。
（=My pleasure.）With pleasure.“我很乐意（帮你）。
”表示同意对方的请求，并且自己将付出行动。
Help yourself.“自便！/自己来吧。
”表示同意对方的请求，但让对方行动。
二Yes, please!“请！”。
表示允许对方做请求之事。
Go ahead.“请。
”表示同意并鼓励对方去做请求之事。
Go on.“继续（做正在进行或谈论的事）。
”三Come on!“来吧！”。
鼓励对方参与某事。
Hurry up!“赶紧，快点！”。
催促对方快点行动。
Good luck!“祝你好运！”，是当双方参加某项活动，如考试、比赛等时，向对方表示的祝福语。
四Congratulations!“祝贺你（们）！”当对方做某事取得了成功或结婚、生子、晋升等时候的用语。
Have fun!“玩得开心点！”。
表示允许对方去吃喝玩乐。
Best wishes!一般用于信的结尾处，表示对对方的祝愿。
（注：当对方外出旅游时常说Good/Nice trip t o you!“祝你旅途愉快！”）五Guess what?“猜猜看？”What else?“还有别的吗？”What’s going on?“怎么了？/这里发生什么事了？/有什么节目？/上演什么电影？”（询问情况）。
六What’s for?表目的和用途，一般翻译成“为了什么？/用来做什么？/干嘛？”（注：why? 询问原因，一般都要用because 来回答。
）What’s up?“怎么了？/有什么事吗？”What’s up? 口语中使用广泛，如有人叫住你或登门访问，而你不明白对方的来意时就可以说“What’s up?”（有什么事？/有何贵干？）年轻人也常说“What’s up?”来打招呼。
比如John 碰到一个朋友Tom说“Hey, John!”John 则回答“Hi, Tom! “What’s up?”表示“你最近怎么样啊？/有什么事吗？”What if …?=What will or would happen if …？“如果（假如）……将会怎么样？”七So what?“那又怎么样呢？”表示出无所谓的样子。
2019年高考英语考试大纲解读专题01考核目标和要求含解析
专题01 考核目标和要求一、语言知识语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
语言运用包括听力、阅读、写作和口语。
语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26 个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异【解读】掌握英语语音对于听力理解和口语是非常重要的。
语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高兴 (Happiness)(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)(37) 忧虑 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration)(46) 频度 (Frequency)(47) 时序 (Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)(52) 形状 (Shape)(53) 颜色 (Colour)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)词汇表（附后）二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
高考大纲_英语
高考大纲英语目录考核目标与要求 (3)附录 1语音项目表 (5)附录 2语法项目表 (6)附录 3功能意念项目表 (9)附录 4话题项目表 (12)附录 5词汇表 (13)考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
1.基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing 形式(3)动词的-ed 形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录 3 功能意念项目表1.社会交往 (Social Communications)(1)问候 (Greetings)(2)介绍 (Introduction)(3)告别 (Farewells )(4)感谢 (Thanks )(5)道歉 (Apologies)(6)邀请 (Invitation)(7)请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8)祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)提供帮助 (Offering help)(10)接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会 (Making appointments)(12)打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13)就餐 (Having meals)(14)就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15)购物 (Shopping)(16)问路 (Asking the way)(17)谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18)语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19)提醒注意 (Reminding)(20)警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21)劝告 (Advice)(22)建议 (Suggestions)2.态度 (Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡 (Indifference)(34)判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3.情感 (Emotions)(35)高兴 (Happiness)(36)惊奇 (Surprise)(37)忧虑 (Worries)(38)安慰 (Reassurance)(39)满意 (Satisfaction)(40)遗憾 (Regret)(41)同情 (Sympathy)(42)恐惧 (Fear)(43)愤怒 (Anger)4.时间 (Time)(44)时刻 (Point of time)(45)时段 (Duration)(46)频度 (Frequency)(47)时序 (Sequence)5.空间 (Space)(48)位置 (Position)(49)方向 (Direction)(50)距离 (Distance)6.存在 (Existence)(51)存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7.特征 (Features)(52)形状 (Shape)(53)颜色 (Colour)(54)材料 (Material)(55)价格 (Price)(56)规格 (Size)(57)年龄 (Age)8.计量 (Measurement)(58)长度 (Length)(59)宽度 (Width)(60)高度 (Height)(61)数量 (Number)9.比较 (Comparison)(62)同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63)差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10.逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65)原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66)目的 (Purpose)11.职业 (Occupations)(67)工作 (Jobs)(68)单位 (Employer)附录 4 话题项目表1.个人情况 (Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3.周围的环境 (Personal environments)4.日常活动 (Daily routines)5.学校生活 (School life)6.兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情 (Emotions)8.人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物 (Shopping)12.饮食 (Food and drink)13.健康 (Health)14.天气 (Weather)15.文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17.语言学习 (Language learning)18.自然 (Nature)19.世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21.热点话题 (Topical issues)22.历史与地理 (History and geography)23.社会 (Society)24.文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表Aa(an) art abandon v ability nable a abnormalaaboardprep abolish v abortion n about ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroadad abrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a &n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a &n academy n acceleratev accent n accept v access n & v accessible a accidentna c c o m m o d a t i o nna c c o m p a n yv accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledgev acquaintancenacquire v acquisition n acre nacrossprepact n & v action nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptationn add v addicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administrationn admirable a admire v admission nadmit v adolescencen adolescent a &n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v &n advantagen adventurenadvertise v advertisement nadvice nadvise v advocate v affair naffect vaffection nafford v afraid a Africa n African a & n afterad,prep&conjaft ernoon nafterward(s) ad again adagainstprepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agriculturala agriculturenahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n & valbum n alcohol n alcoholica & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pron allergicaalley nallocatevallow v allowance n almost ad alone aalong ad & prep alongsidead aloud ad alphabet n already ad also ad alternativea althoughconj altitude n altogetherad aluminium(Am aluminum) nalways adam v(be) a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze va m a z i n gaa mb a s s a d o rn a mbassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample a amuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestornanchor v &n ancienta andconj anecdotenanger n angle nangry a animal n ankle n anniversaryn announce v annoy vannual a another a & pron answer n & v ant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious a any pron & a anybodypron anyhow ad anyone pron anythingpron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartmentn apologizev apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearancen appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n applicationn apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciationn approach n & va p p r o p r i a t eaa p p r o v a lna p prove v approximately ad apron narbitrarya archnarchitectn architecturenArctic aare v(be)area nargue v argument narise(arose,arise n) v arithmeticnarm n & v armchair narmy naround ad & prep arrangev arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrownartnarticlenartificiala artist nas ad,conj & prepash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a &n asideadask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessmentn assistv assistance n assistant n associate v associationn assume v assumptionn astonish v astronaut n astronomern astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic aAtlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attemptv & nattend v attentionn attitude n attractvattractionnattractiveaaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomousaautumn navailable aavenue naverage a &n avoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a &n backgroundnbackward(s) ad basin nbacon n basis n bacterium(plbacteria)n basket nbad(worse,worst)abasketball n badminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakery n bathroom n balance n bathtub n balcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay nballoon n BC abbr bamboo n be(am,is,are,was,ban n & v were,being,been)v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bank n bar n bean curd n bear1 n bear2 vbarbecue n beard n barber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & nbare a beautiful abargain n & vbark v & n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic aWORD完美格式beauty n becauseconjbecome(became,become) v bedn beddings n bedroom n bee nbeef nbeer nbeforeprep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun)v behalfnbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior)n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelowprepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent)v beneathprepbeneficiala benefitn & v benta & n beside prep besides prep & ad betray v betweenprep beyondprep bicyclenbid v & nbig abike=bicycle n bill nbingonbiochemistrynbio graphy n biology n bird nbirth n birthday n birthplacenbiscuit n bishop nbit nbite(bit,bitte n) v bitterablack a & n blackboard n blame n & v blank n & a blanketnbleed vbless vblind ablock n &v bloodnblousenblow(blew,blown)v blue n & a board n & vboat nbody nboil v bomb n & v bond n & v bonen bonus n book n & v boom n & v boot n booth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanicala botany n both a & pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycottvb r a i nnb r a k en & vb r a nc hnbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken)v & n breakfastn breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathlessabrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant a bring(brought,brought)v broad a broadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed)v brochurenbroken abroom n brother n brown n & abrunch nbrush v &n Buddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuildingnbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucraticaburglar nburn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed)v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women)n busy abut conj &prep butchern & v butter n butterflyn button n & vbuy(bought,bought) v by prepbye intC c a bnc a b b a g enc a f enc a f eteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a &v camelncamera ncamp n &v campaignncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenterncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & v cassettencast(cast,cast)v castlencasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught)v categoryncater v Catholic a cattlen cause n & v caution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk nc e i l i n gnc e l e b r a t evc e l e b ration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center)n centuryn ceremony n certain a certificatenchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challengingachampion nchance nchange n &v changeableachannel nchant v & nchaosnchapter n character n characteristic a & ncharge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n &v checkn &v cheekncheer n &v cheerfulacheers int cheese nchef nchemical a &n chemist n chemistryncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a &nchild(pl children)n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & v choose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas n church ncigar ncigarette n cinemancirclen&v circuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen ncity ncivil a civilian n civilizationn clapvclarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v &a cleanernclear aclerk nclever aclick v climate nclimb v clinic n clock n clone v close a &ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach ncoal ncoast ncoat n cocoa n coffee ncoin n coincidence n coke ncold a & n collar n colleaguen collect v collectionn college ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfortncomfortableacommand n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communicationn communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer nconcentratev concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusionn concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conferencen confident a confidentiala confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulatev congratulationn connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequencen conservationn conservativea considerv consideratea considerationn consist v consistentac o n s t a n tac o n s t i t u t i o nn construct v constructionn consult v consultant n consume v contain v containern contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictorya contrary n & a contributev contributionn control v & n controversiala convenience n convenient a conventionalac o n v e r s a t i o nnc o n v e yv convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie n cool acopy n & v corn ncorner n corporationn correctv & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & v cosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modalv count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin n cover n &v cow ncrash v & n crayon n crazy acream ncreate vcreature n credit n crew n crime n criminalncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroadsncrowd n &v cruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboardn curen & vcurious acurrency n curriculumncurtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer n customs ncut(cut,cut)v & ncycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy n daily a,ad &n dam n damage n &v damp a &n dance n& v dangern dangerous a dare v & modal v dark a & n darkness n dash v &n data n database n date n &v daughterndawn nday ndead a deadline n deaf adeal ndear adeath n debate n & v debt n decade ndecide vdecision n。
情景交际常见题型归纳
专题十二情景交际普通高中英语中列出了11个方面共68个功能意念项目以及24个话题项目。
现将重点列举如下：1.问候GreetingsA：How are you getting on？/How's everything？B：Not bad./Well.Thank you.A：Please remember me to...Please give my regards/love to...Best wishes/regards to...Say hello to ...Bill sends his best wishes/love to...B：Thank you.I certainly will.Of course.Oh，that's nice of him.2.祝愿和祝贺Expressing wishes and congratulations(1)A：Good luck/wishes/journey.Congratulations.Have a good trip/time/journey.Happy birthday to you.B：Thank you.Thanks a lot.Many thanks.(2)A：Happy New Year！Merry Christmas.I'd like to congratulate you on...I wish you success/a wonderful journey.B：The same to you！Thank you.May you be the same.You too./I wish you the same.(2009•山东高考~John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month. —Oh，！A.cheer upB.well doneC.go aheadD.congratulations选_______ 句意:一一和约翰下个月将庆祝我们结婚40周年。
高中英语功能意念项目表
高中英语功能意念项目表说明：标﹡号的项目为八级要求1. 社会交往(Social Communications)（1）问候(Greetings)A. 1. Hi! 2. Hello! 3. Good morning/afternoon/evening. 4. How are you? 5. How are you doing?6. Please say hello to your parents.7. Please give my love /best wishes to Lucy.B. 1. Hi! 2. Hello! 3. Good morning/afternoon/evening. 4. I'm OK. 5.Fine, thanks,and you?6. Very well, thank you.7. ﹡Just so so.8. Sure.9.All right.（2）介绍(Introduction)A. 1. My name is Jim. 2. I'm a student. 3. I'm from England. 4. This is Mr. /Mrs./Miss/Ms Brown.5. I'd like you to meet Bob.6. ﹡May I introduce Professor Jeff Brown?B. 1. Hello! 2. How do you do? 3. Nice/ Glad/ Pleased to meet (see) you.（3）告别(Farewells )A. 1. Good-bye/ Bye / Bye-bye. 2. Good night. 3. See you later/ then /tomorrow / soon.4. I'm sorry I have to go now.5. ﹡I am afraid I must be leaving now.B. 1. Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye. 2. See you. 3. Good night. 4. See you later/then/tomorrow/soon. （4）感谢(Thanks )A. 1. Thank you (very much). 2. Thanks a lot. 3. Thank you for your help. 4. It's very kind / nice of you.5. ﹡I appreciate your help.B. 1.It's a pleasure. 2. My pleasure. 3. That's OK/ all right. 4. You're welcome. 5.﹡Don't mention it. （5）道歉(Apologies)A. 1.Sorry. 2. I'm sorry. 3. Excuse me. Please. 4. I beg your pardon.5. I'm sorry for losing your book.6. I'm sorry to interrupt you.7. I'm sorry (that) I'm late.B. 1. That's OK. 2. It's all right. 3. Never mind. 4. It doesn't matter. 5. It's nothing. 6. ﹡Forget it. （6）邀请(Invitation) ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨A. 1.Would you like to go for a walk? 2. You must come to dinner with us. 3.May I invite your to dinner?4. What/ How about having a swim?B. 1. OK. 2. 肯定①Thank you. ②I'd like that,thanks. ③Yes,I'd love to. ④That would be very nice.3. 否定①No, thank you. ②It's very nice of you, but my mother is ill.③I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time. ④I'm sorry I can't. What about another time ?（7）请求允许(Asking for permission )A. 1. May I come in? 2. Can/ Could I use your telephone? 3. Is it all right if I sit here ?4. I wonder if I could smoke here.5. Would/ Do you mind if I open the window ?B. 1.肯定①Yes, please. ②Sure. ③Certainly. ④Please do. ⑤That's all right. ⑥Of course, you can.⑦Go ahead, please. 2. 否定①I'm sorry, it's not allowed. ②I'm afraid not. ③You 'd better not.④It's not allowed. ⑤I'm sorry, but you can smoke in the next room.（8）祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)A. 1.Have a good day/time! 2. Have a good journey /trip! 3. Good luck! 4. Enjoy yourself!5. Best wishes to you.6. Happy New Year!7. Merry Christmas !8. Wish you all the success!9. Congratulations ! 10. Well done!B. 1.Thank you. 2. You, too. 3. The same to you.（9）提供帮助(Offering help)A. 1. Do you want me to clean the room? 2. Can I help you? 3. Would you like me to help you?4. What can I do for you?5. Let me take your bags.B. 1. 肯定①Yes, please. ②Yes, thanks. ③ Thank you. That would be nice/ fine.④Thank you for your help. 2. 否定①No, thanks /thank you. ②Thank you all the same.③That's very kind of you, but I can manage it my self.（10）接受或拒绝（acceptance and refusal）（11）约会(Making appointments )A. 1. Will you be free tomorrow ? 2. Do you have time this afternoon? 3. How about tomorrow morning?4. When/ where shall we meet?5. Could we meet at 4:30 ?6. Let's make it 4:30？7. What time is convenient for you ? 8. I'd like to make an appointment with Mr. Jones.B. 1.肯定①Yes, I'll be free then. ②All right. See you then.2. 否定①I'm afraid I have no time then. ②Sorry, I won't be free then. But I'll be free tomorrow. （12）打电话(Making telephone calls )A.1. Hello! May I speak to Tom? 2. Hello! I'd like to speak to Mr. Green. 3. Is that Liu Ying speaking?4. Extension six two two six, please.5. Can I leave a message ?6. I'll call back later /again.7. I'll ring him /her up again.B. 1.Hello! This is Mary speaking. 2. Hello, who is this? 3. Hold the line, please. 4. Just a moment, please.5. Hello, who's speaking?6. Sorry. He/ She isn't here right now.7. Can I take a message?8. Sorry. I can't hear you. 9. The line is bad/ busy. 10. I couldn't get through.11. Sorry, I'm afraid you have the wrong number.（13）就餐(Having meals)A.1. Would you like something to eat /drink? 2. What would you like ( to have)?3. Would you like some more fish?4. Help yourself to some fish.5. Which do you prefer, rice or noodles?6. What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?B. 1. 肯定①Yes, I'd like a drink. ②I'd like rice and chicken. ③ Just a little, please. ④Can I have some more soup? ⑤It's so delicious. Thank you. ⑥ I prefer noodles to rice. ⑦ I like green tea. 2. 否定①No, thank you. I've had enough. ② I'm full, thank you. ③It's very delicious, but I can't eat any more.; （14）就医(Seeing the doctor)A.1. What's the matter？2. What seems to be the trouble? 3. Do you have a fever?4. How long have you felt like this?5. It's nothing serious.6. Take this medicine three times a day.7. You'll be all right /well soon. 8. Give up smoking and keep on taking more exercises.B. 1. I have a headache / cough / fever. 2. I feel terrible / bad / horrible awful. 3. I don't feel well.4.I've got a pain here.5. It hurts here.6. I don't feel like eating.7. I can't sleep well.（15）购物(Shopping)A. 1. Can / May I help you? 2. What can I do for you? 3. How many /much would you like?4. What colour /size/ kind would you like ?5. What about this one?6. Here's your change.B. 1. I want / I'd like a pair of shoes. 2. How much is it / are they? 3. May I try it on ? 4. It's toobig/small. 5. Sorry, it's too expensive. 6. Do you have any other colors / sizes / kinds？7. Two and a half kilos / pounds, please. 8. That's fine. I'll take it. 9. Just have a look. 10. Well, I'll think about it. （16）问路(Asking the way)A.1. Excuse me. Where's the washroom? 2. Can you tell me how to get to the post office? 3. Excuse me. Which bus goes to World Park? 4. Excuse me. Which is the way to the Bank of China? 5. Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the station, please ? 6. How can I get to No. 4 Middle School?B. 1肯定①It's over there. ② It's about 400 metres from here. ③ Go down this street until you see thetall red building. ④ Turn right / left at the first /second crossing/ corner. ⑤ you can't miss it.⑥ You can take bus No. 103. ⑦ You'd better take a taxi. 2.否定Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here. （17）谈论天气(Talking about weather)A. 1.What's the weather like today? 2. How's the weather in Beijing? 3. What a cold / hot day today?4. It's a nice / fine/ beautiful / horrible day today.B. 1. It's sunny / cloudy /windy / rainy / snowy / foggy. 2. It's getting cool / cold / warm / hot.（18）语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)1. Pardon?2. I beg your pardon?3. I don't understand.4. Sorry, I can't follow you.5. ﹡Couldyou say that again, please? 6.﹡Could you repeat that, please? 6. Can you speak more slowly, please?7. ﹡What do you mean by killing time? 8. How do you say... in English? 9. I don't know how tosay that in English? 10. I don't know the world in English? 11. How do you spell it, please?12. I'm sorry I only know a little English.（19）提醒注意(Reminding)1. Don't forget your raincoat.2. Remember to lock the door.3. ﹡Make sure that all the windows are closed.4. Mind your head / step!5. No smoking!6. No spitting!7. Wet floor!8. Look out!9. Be careful! 10. Don't touch! 11.It's dangerous!（20）警告和禁止（Warning and prohibition）（21）劝告(Advice)1. You'd better go to see the doctor.2. You should listen to and read English everyday.3. You need to buya Chinese-English dictionary. 4. I f I were you, I'd phone him now. 5. Don't rush / hurry / push.6. Please stand in line.（22）建议(Suggestions)1. Let's go and have a look.2. Should we go now ?3. What / How about a picnic this Sunday?4. Why don't you buy a computer?5. Why not go to a movie ?2. 态度(Attitudes)（23）同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)A. 1. Sure. 2. Certainly. 3. Exactly. 4. That's correct. 5. Of course. 6. All right. 7. I agree.8.No problem. 9. That's a good idea. 10. Yes, I think so. 11. No way.B. 1. Of course not. 2. I don't agree. 3. I don't think so. 4. I'm afraid not.（24）喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)A. 1. This book is very interesting. 2. I like / love the movie (very much ). 3. I like / love to playcomputer games. 4. I like taking photos. 5. I enjoy listening to music. 6. I'm interested in science.7. He is fond of music.B. 1. This song is bad / awful. 2. I don't like the movie very much / at all. 3. I don't enjoy collecting stamps.4. I hate to do homework.（25）肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)A. 1. I'm sure. 2. I'm sure of that. 3. I 'm (quite) sure (that) she'll join us. 4. ﹡There is no doubt that it'smade of silk. 5.﹡It's clear that it will rain soon.B. 1. I'm not so sure. 2. I'm not sure of that. 3. I'm not sure whether / if she can come.C. 1. Maybe you're right. 2. Perhaps she is at home now. 3. It's hard to say.（26）可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)A. 1. He can / may come today. 2. It may snow tonight. 3. It's possible to finish the homework before6 o'clock. 4. It's likely to rain this afternoon. 5. It's likely that you will lose this game.B. 1. He may not come so early. 2. He can't be in the office now. 3. It's not likely to snow soon.4. It's impossible to finish my homework within one hour.（27）能够和不能够(Ability and inability)A. 1. He can ride a bike. 2. He's able to pass the math exam. 3. He is good at football.B. 1.He can't swim. 2. He's unable to walk any more. 3. She 's not good at swimming.（28）偏爱和优先选择(Preference)1. I prefer tea.2. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?3.﹡I prefer tea to coffee.4. I'd prefer to go by train.5. I like English better / the best.6. My favourite subject is physics.7. ﹡I'd rather drink coffee than tea.8. ﹡Where would you rather go, London or Tokyo ?（29）意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)A. 1. I'll go with you. 2. I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon. 3. I'd like to make a phone call toher after class. 4. I want / hope to find an English pen-friend. 5. I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.6. We are ready to move to a new house.7. Bill intends to spend his vocation in California.8. I am thinking of driving to Beijing.B. 1. I won't see the movie again. 2. I'm not going to buy the book. 3. I don't want to live in the big city. （30）希望和愿望(Hope and wish)1. I wish to see you again.2. I hope to become a doctor.3. I hope it stays fine.4. I wish I were younger.5. I hope so.6. I hope not.（31）表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)A. 1. Very good! 2. Well done! 3. Wonderful ! 4. Excellent! 5. You speak English very well.6. Your dress is beautiful!7. Come on!8. Keep trying!9. You can do it!B. 1. Thank you. 2. OK. I'll try it again.（32）责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)1. He is to blame.2. She blamed him for coming home late.3. What do you mean by doing so?4. How could you cheat your teacher?5. He shouldn't have done it.6. Why didn't you tell me the truth?7. Why didn't you tell me the truth? 8. I'm sorry to have said that, but this room is too dirty.9. I hate to have to say this, but it's too noisy here. 8. Why don't you do something about it?（33）冷淡(Indifference)1. I don't care.2. I don't care what you do.3. It doesn't matte to me.4. I don't mind if you smoke.5. It's non of my business.（34）判断与评价（judgement and evaluation）A.3. 情感(Emotions)①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨（35）高兴(Happiness)1. How wonderful / nice!2. That's lovely / great / wonderful!3. I'm so happy.4. It's well done.5. I'm pleased to know that.（36）惊奇(Surprise)1. Really?2. Oh dear!3. Is that so?4. What a surprise!5. How nice to see you!6. How surprising!7. I'm surprised.8. It surprises me that your English is so beautiful.9. Does that surprise you? 10. Is this what you expected?（37）忧虑(Worries)1. What's wrong?2. What's the matter?3. Anything wrong?4. What should we do?5. Is something worrying you?6. Are you worried about your health?（38）安慰(Reassurance)1. There, there.2. Don't be afraid.3. Don't worry.4. It's (quite) all right.5. It'll be OK/ all right.（39）满意(Satisfaction)1. Good!2.Well done!3. Perfect!4. That's fine.5. That's better.6. That's good enough.7. I'm pleased with your spoken English.（40）遗憾(Regret)1. I'm so sorry!2. It's a great pity!3. What a shame!4. That's too bad!5. I wish I had never given it up.6. If I had been there, he would not have made such a serious mistake. （41）同情(Sympathy)1. I'm so sorry!2. I'm so sorry about your illness.3. I'm sorry to hear you are going away.4. Please accept my deep sympathy.（42）恐惧(Fear)1. Help!2. How terrible!3. I'm afraid of that dog.4. I'm frightened.5. You scared me!6. I dare not go out at night.（43）愤怒(Anger)1. Damn!2. Isn't it annoying!3. What a stupid idiot!4. 时间(Time)（44）时刻(Point of time)A. 1. Excuse me. What's the time, please? 2. Excuse me. What time is it? 3. Have you got the time?4. When did you come to China?5. What time do you get up every day?B. 1. It's half past five / twenty to nine. 2. I came to China in 1998. 3. I get up at 6 o'clock.（45）时段(Duration)A. 1. How long have you been in this school ? 2. How long does it take you to get to school?3. When did you live in Beijing?4. How long have you been ill?B. 1. I have been in this school for three years. 2. It takes me twenty minutes by bike.3. I lived in Beijing from 1996 to 1999.4. I have been ill since last Monday night.（46）频度(Frequency)A. How often do you go to movies?B. 1. I go to the movie once a week. 2. I often go to movies.（47）时序(Sequence)1. The cat ran here and there, first on this side, then on that side.2. What did you do next?3. Finally we found our way out.4. It rained even harder later on.5. 空间(Space)（48）位置(Position)A. Where is the picture?B. 1. It's on / at / above / in / under/ beside / near / behind the table. 2. He sits at the back of the room.3. The lab is in the center of the school.（49）方向(Direction)A. 1. Which is the way to the station ? 2. Where is the train / bus going? 3. Where are you going?4. Are you going up / down ?B. 1. Go down this street, and turn left / right at the first crossing. 2. The train is going go Xi'an.3. The train is going to the east / west / south / north.4. I'm going tko the railway station.5. I'm leaving for Shanghai.（50）距离(Distance)A. How far is your school from here ?B. 1. It's about 40 minutes by bike. 2. It's about 6 kilometers / miles away.6. 存在(Existence)（51）存在(Existence )A. 1. Is there a bird in the tree ? 2. Are there any apples in the tree ? 3. What's in the tree?B. 1. Yes, there is/ are. 2. There's a bird in the tree. 3. There are many / a lot of birds in the tree.(51') 不存在(non-existence)A. 1. Is there an English book in the schoolbag? 2. Are there any English books in the schoolbag?3. Isn't there any water in the bottle?4. Does water exist on the moon?B. 1. No, there isn't / aren't (any). 2. There isn't an English book in the schoolbag.3. There aren't any English books in the schoolbag.4. No, there's no water in the bottle.5. There's no more paper in the printer.6. No water exists on the moon.7. 特征(Features)（52）形状(Shape)A. 1. What does it look like? 2. What's the shape of the clouds?B. 1. It looks like a camel. 2. It's round / long / tall/ short. 3. It's a circle. 4. It's a U-shaped road. （53）颜色(Colour)A. What colour is the bag?B. 1.It's green / red / blue / yellow / black / white / orange / purple / light brown/ dark blue.2. I like the photo in black and white.（54）材料(Material)A. 1. What's the table made of? 2. What's the red wine made from?B. 1. It's made of wood. 2. It's made from grapes. 3. I bought a woollen sweater yesterday.（55）价格(Price)A. 1. How much is the dictionary? 2. How much is it? 3.How much are they? 4.Is it cheap/expensive?B. 1. The dictionary costs me 100 yuan. 2.The dictionary is expensive / cheap.（56）规格(Size)A. 1.What size is your sweater? 2. What size shoes do you wear?B. 1. The size of my sweater is XXL. 2. It's too big / small / long / short for me.（57）年龄(Age)A. 1. How old are you? 2. How old is he / she?B. 1. I'm eighteen. 2. He / She is six years old. 3. Uncle Wang is an old man.8. 计量(Measurement)（58）长度(Length)A. How long is the bridge?B. It's 430 metres / feet long.（59）宽度(Width)A. How wide is the river ?B. It's about 200 metres wide.（60）高度(Height)A. How tall / high is the building?B. 1. It's 130 metres tall / high. 2. The building has 85 floors / stories.（61）数量(Number)A. 1. How many students are there in your class? 2. How much water do you drink every day?B. 1. There are forty students in our class. 2. I drink five glasses of water every day.9. 比较(Comparison)（62）同级比较(Equal comparison)1. My ruler is as long as yours.2. I can run as fast as you can.3. This book is not as interesting as that one.4. I can't run so fast as you can.（63）差别比较(Comparative and superlative)1.Lily is younger than Kate.2. The red skirt is more expensive than the yellow one.3.I run faster than Jim.4. Mrs. Baker walks more slowly than Mr. Baker.5.Jim is the tallest in his class.6. Tom is the best of all. （64）相似和差别(Similarity and difference)1.This picture is the same as that one on the wall.2. Lucy is like her mother.3. Tom looks like his father.4. My picture is different from yours.5. There are five differences between the two pictures.10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)（65）原因和结果(Cause and effect )A. 1. Why are you late for school? 2.How could you miss the train / plane?B. 1. Because I got up late this morning. 2. As he was ill, he couldn't come to school. 3.Since she did not feel well, she stayed at home. 4. Because of the bad traffic, we missed the train. 5. Due to the heavy fog, the planes were delayed. 6. The reason is that he is not careful enough in his work. 7. He ate too much, so he did not feel well. 8. It is so dark that I can not see anything in the room.（66）目的(Purpose)A. 1. Why are you here today? 2. Why did you do that?B. 1. I came here to see you off. 2. I did that in order to protect the trees.11. 职业(Occupation)（67）工作(Job)A. 1.What do you do? 2. What's your job? 3. What are you going to be?B. 1. I'm a teacher / doctor / worker / farmer/ businessman / manager.2. I'm going to be a scientist / computer engineer.（68）单位(Employer)A. 1. Where do you work? 2. What company are you working for?B. 1. I'm teaching English in a high school. 2. I'm working for a computer company.。
新课标功能意念与话题项目表
《普通高中英语课程标准》功能意念项目表1.社会交往（Social Communications）（1）问候（Greetings）（2）介绍（Introduction）（3）告别（Farewells）（4）感谢（Thanks）（5）道歉（Apologies）（6）邀请（Invitation）（7）请求允许（Asking for permission）（8）祝愿和祝贺（Expressing wishes and congratulation s）（9）提供帮助（Offering help）（10）接受或拒绝（acceptance and refusal）（11）约会（Making appointments）（12）打（Making telephone calls）(13）就餐（Having meals）（14）就医（Seeing the doctor）（15）购物（Shopping）（16）问路（Asking the way）（17）谈论天气（Talking about weather）（18）语言交际困难（Language difficulties incommunication）（19）提醒注意（Reminding）（20）警告和禁止（Warning and prohibition）（21）劝告（Advice）（22）建议（Suggestions）2．态度（Attitudes）（23）同意和不同意（Agreement and disagreement）（24）喜欢和不喜欢（likes and dislikes）（25）肯定和不肯定（Certainty and uncertainty）（26）可能和不可能（Possibility and impossibility）（27）能够和不能够（Ability and inability）（28）偏爱和优先选择（Preference）（29）意愿和打算（Intentions and plans）（30）希望和愿望（Hopes and Wishes）（31）表扬和鼓励（Praise and encourage）（32）责备和抱怨（Blame and complain）（33）冷淡（Indifference）（34）判断与评价（Judgment and evaluation） 3.情感（Emotions）（35）高兴（Happiness）（36）惊奇（Surprise）（37）忧虑（Worries）（38）安慰（Reassurance）（39）满意（Satisfaction）（40）遗憾（Regret）（41）同情（Sympathy）（42）恐惧（Fear）（43）愤怒（Anger）4．时间（Time）（44）时刻（Point of time）（45）时段（Duration）（46）频度（Frequency）（47）时序（Sequence）5．空间（Space）（48）位置（Position）（49）方向（Direction）（50）距离（Distance）6．存在（Existence）（51）存在与不存在（Existence and non-existence） 7.特征（Features）（52）形状（Shape）（53）颜色（color）（54）材料（material）（55）价格（Price）（56）规格（Size）（57）年龄（Age）8.计量（Measurement）（58）长度（Length）（59）宽度（Width）（60）高度（Height）（61）数量（Number）9．比较（Comparison）（62）同级比较（Equal comparison）（63）差别比较（Comparative and superlative）（64）相似和差别（Similarity and difference）10.逻辑关系（Logical relations）（65）原因和结果（Cause and effect）（66）目的（Purpose）11.职业（Occupations）（67）工作（Jobs）（68）单位（Employer）四、话题项目表说明：标*号的项目为八级要求。
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高考英语功能意念项目表一It’s my pleasure.“这是我的荣幸/不客气。
”用于别人对你表示感谢时的回答。
（=My pleasure.）With pleasure.“我很乐意（帮你）。
”表示同意对方的请求，并且自己将付出行动。
Help yourself.“自便！/自己来吧。
”表示同意对方的请求，但让对方行动。
二Yes, please!“请！”。
表示允许对方做请求之事。
Go ahead.“请。
”表示同意并鼓励对方去做请求之事。
Go on.“继续（做正在进行或谈论的事）。
”三Come on!“来吧！”。
鼓励对方参与某事。
Hurry up!“赶紧，快点！”。
催促对方快点行动。
Good luck!“祝你好运！”，是当双方参加某项活动，如考试、比赛等时，向对方表示的祝福语。
四Congratulations!“祝贺你（们）！”当对方做某事取得了成功或结婚、生子、晋升等时候的用语。
Have fun!“玩得开心点！”。
表示允许对方去吃喝玩乐。
Best wishes!一般用于信的结尾处，表示对对方的祝愿。
（注：当对方外出旅游时常说Good/Nice trip t o you!“祝你旅途愉快！”）五Guess what?“猜猜看？”What else?“还有别的吗？”What’s going on?“怎么了？/这里发生什么事了？/有什么节目？/上演什么电影？”（询问情况）。
六What’s for?表目的和用途，一般翻译成“为了什么？/用来做什么？/干嘛？”（注：why? 询问原因，一般都要用because 来回答。
）“怎么了？/有什么事吗？”What’s up? 口语中使用广泛，如有人叫住你或登门访问，而你不明白对方的来意时就可以说“What’s up?”（有什么事？/有何贵干？）年轻人也常说“What’s up?”来打招呼。
比如John 碰到一个朋友Tom说“Hey, John!”John 则回答“Hi, Tom! “What’s up?”表示“你最近怎么样啊？/有什么事吗？”What if …?=What will or would happen if …？“如果（假如）……将会怎么样？”七So what?“那又怎么样呢？”表示出无所谓的样子。
What is … like?“情况怎样”，多指天气或气候“像什么样，什么模样，怎样的，”指人或事物。
How is … like?就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法，可以用来询问变化的事物，如暂时的情况、情绪等，还常用来问候别人的健康。
八What … look like?“…… 外表如何？”（问外表长相）。
Of what?“怎么啦？/怎么回事？”How come?“怎么回事？/怎么搞的？/为什么？/怎么会这样？”通常用在你觉得奇怪而问为什么的时候。
当你不愿回答别人的某个问题时也可以说“Howcome?”，意思是“Why do you ask that? It’s none of your business.”。
九Why not?“干嘛不？/为什么不呢？”，表示同意对方的建议。
（注：Goodidea.用于赞同别人的计划或主意。
）What is it about?“这是关于什么的？”（问内容）Never mind.“没有关系，不要记在心上。
”用于回答别人的歉意。
但用Never mind 回答时可表达说话人多少有点不高兴或无可奈何的意味。
十Not at all.1.用于回答感谢，意为“不用谢；不客气”。
2.用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话，意为“没什么；哪里哪里。
”如：A：You are very kind.你真好B：Not at all. 没什么。
3.用于回答道歉，意为“没关系”。
4.用来表示否定（是No 的加强说法），意为“一点也不；完全不”。
如：A：Are you busy? 你忙吗？B：Not at all. 一点也不忙。
1.“不必在意”“算了吧，忘了吧”，用来接受别人做错事的道歉。
2.“算了吧，想都别想。
”，用来拒绝对方提出的你认为不合理的请求、建议等。
All right.用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请，译为“好”、“行”、“可以”。
也可用于对别人的安慰，表示“没关系”、“不要紧”等意思。
十一That’s all right.1.对别人致谢的回答，“不用谢；别客气。
”=That’s OK./ Not at all./ You arewelcome.等。
2.对别人致歉的回答，“没关系；不介意。
”=It doesn’t matter. 或 Never mind.3.在海关、哨卡等场所，检验人员对出入人员的证件和包裹检查后，发现无可疑情况，常说That’s all right, 其含义事“可以；没有问题”。
That’s right.“正确；对”，用于表示对某一事物的肯定，即同意对方的观点或意见。
在口语中，可直接用Right. 作答。
Take it easy.“慢点，放松些，沉住气，别紧张，慢慢来”。
表示安慰对方不要过度紧张。
十二Take your time.“别着急，慢慢来”，表示允许对方“慢慢做，不用着急”。
It’s up to you!“你拿主意！你决定！你说了算！”It (all) depends.“这要看情况而定。
”十三Bad luck!“真倒霉！真不走运！”，用来表示运气。
What a pity!“真遗憾！多可惜！”，用来感慨伤心的往事，或面对眼前可望而不可即的事情。
Really? / Is that so?“真的吗？是吗？”，只是用来表示惊奇的感情色彩，并无安慰对方的意思。
十四Do you really mean it?“此话当真？”I believe not.“我相信不是/不会。
”Of course not.“当然不。
”十五That’s something.“太好了，太棒了”。
表示当你的朋友在某方面取得成功或成就时，你向他表示That’s th e case.“情况就是这样”。
相当于Exactly，意为“正是如此”。
I can’t believe it.“难以置信。
”Mind your own business!“别管闲事！”（用来警告对方）Believe it or not.“信不信由你。
”十六It’s none of your business!“不关你的事！”I would rather not.“我宁愿不……”I’m easy.“我随便。
”用于回答征求意见的选择问句。
Don’t mention it.“别客气。
”用来回答感谢和道歉。
—Thank you very much. 太感谢你了。
—Don’t mention it. 别客气。
—I’m sorry to have troubled you. 抱歉，给你添麻烦了。
—Don’t mention it. 没关系。
（Think nothing of it.）十七Not a hope.“不可能。
”Out of the question.“不可能。
”It’s not my cup of tea.“这不是我喜欢的东西或人/物。
”十八Thanks anyway.“不管怎么说还是要谢谢你。
”I’ll try my luck.“我要碰碰运气。
”Just in case.“以防万一。
”十九That sounds great.“那好极了。
”Have a nice time.“祝玩得高兴。
”No trouble at all.“一点也不麻烦。
”I bet.“我敢断定。
”二十No chance at all.“一点也不可能。
”That suits me fine.“那对我很合适。
”二十一I couldn’t agree more.“我完全同意。
”You can say that again.“你说得对，你说的不错。
”Pardon me?“对不起，请再说一遍好吗？”（没听清对方所说的话）二十二Sooner or later.“迟早的事。
”Once in a while.“偶尔，有时，不时地。
”Cheer up.“高兴起来，振作起来。
”二十三You name it.美国人常用的俚语，比如：别人问你都会点什么乐器，你说：我会钢琴、吉他、小提琴，你随便点，你能点出来的我都会。
这里面，“你随便点”就是You name it!You are kidding.“你在开玩笑吧。
”No kidding.“（表示认真）不是开玩笑，我是说真的。
”No way.“不可能；绝不；没门儿。
”。