ASTM D792-2007塑料密度和相对密度试验方法
ASTMD792-2007塑料密度和相对密度试验方法
塑料密度和相对密度的测试方法1 范围1.1 这些试验方法讲述了片状，棒条状，管状或铸模件固体塑料相对密度和密度的测定方法。
1.2 讲述了两种试验方法：1.2.1 试验方法A---在水中测试，1.2.2 试验方法B---在其他液体中测试。
1.3 SI为标准单位。
1.4 该标准并不旨在讨论所有的安全问题，如有，仅与其使用相关。
该标准的使用者责任制定相关适用的安全和健康规范，并在使用前确定规范的适用性。
2 参考文件3 术语3.1 总则---该标准中使用的单位，符号和缩写与规范E380一致。
3.2 定义：3.2.1 相对密度---在23℃的温度下材料不渗透部分单位体积质量与相同温度下同体积同密度无气蒸馏水的质量之比。
表达形式为：相对密度23/23℃（或sp gr 23/23℃）。
3.2.2 密度---在23℃的温度下，材料无渗透部分每立方米的千克质量。
表达式为：D23，千克/立方米注4---E380中定义的SI标准单位是千克/立方米。
克/立方厘米×1000转换为千克/立方米。
注5---相对密度23/23℃可以通过下式转换成密度23℃，千克/立方米。
D23℃,千克/立方米=相对密度23/23℃×997.64 试验方法概述4.1 测定固体塑料样品在空气中的质量。
然后将其浸入液体中，测出表观质量，然后计算相对密度。
5 意义和使用5.1 相对密度或密度6 抽样6.1 测定相对密度的抽样单位应该要能够代表产品的数量，所要求的数据按照D1898进行。
6.1.1 如果已知或怀疑样品中含有两层或多层相对密度不同的材料，或者将成品部分或横切部分作为样品测试，或者将样品分层测试相对密度。
整体部分的相对密度不能将各层的相对密度相加获取，除非将各层的相对百分比考虑在内。
常见的塑料检测标准和方法
常见的塑料检测标准和方法检测产品/类别检测项目/参数检测标准(方法)名称及编号(含年号)序号名称塑料1光源暴露试验方法通则塑料实验室光源暴露试验方法第1部分:通则ISO 4892-1:1999 2 氙弧灯光老化汽车外饰材料的氙弧灯加速暴露试验SAE J2527:2004汽车内饰材料的氙弧灯加速暴露试验SAE J2412:2004塑料实验室光源暴露试验方法第2部分:氙弧灯ISO 4892-2:2006/Amd 1:2009室内用塑料氙弧光暴露试验方法ASTM D4459-06非金属材料氙弧灯老化的仪器操作方法ASTM G155-05a塑料暴露试验用有水或无水氙弧型曝光装置的操作ASTMD2565-99(2008)3 荧光紫外灯老化塑料实验室光源暴露试验方法第3部分:荧光紫外灯ISO4892-3:2006汽车外饰材料UV快速老化测试SAE J2020:2003塑料紫外光暴露试验方法ASTM D4329-05非金属材料UV老化的仪器操作方法ASTM G154-064 碳弧灯老化塑料实验室光源暴露试验方法第4部分:开放式碳弧灯 ISO4892-4:2004/ CORR 1:2005塑料实验室光源曝露试验方法第4部分:开放式碳弧灯GB/T16422.4-19965 荧光紫外灯老化机械工业产品用塑料、涂料、橡胶材料人工气候老化试验方法荧光紫外灯GB/T14522-20086 热老化无负荷塑料制品的热老化 ASTM D3045-92(2010)塑料热老化试验方法GB/T7141-20087 湿热老化塑料暴露于湿热、水溅和盐雾效应的测定ISO4611:2008塑料暴露于湿热、水喷雾和盐雾中影响的测定GB/T12000-2003塑料8 拉伸性能塑料拉伸性能的测定第1部分:总则GB/T1040.1-2006检测产品/类别检测标准(方法)名称及编号(含年号)序号名称塑料拉伸性能的测定第2部分:模塑和挤塑塑料的试验条件GB/T1040.2-2006塑料拉伸性能的测定第3部分:薄膜和薄片的试验条件GB/T1040.3-2006塑料拉伸性能的测定第4部分:各向同性和正交各向异性纤维增强复合材料的试验条件GB/T1040.4-2006塑料拉伸性能的测定第5部分:单项纤维增强复合材料的试验条件 GB/T1040.5-2008塑料拉伸性能的试验方法ASTM D638-10塑料拉伸性能的测定第1部分:一般原则 ISO 527-1:1993 /Amd1:2005塑料拉伸性能的测定第2部分:模压和挤压塑料试验条件ISO527-2:1993/ CORR 1:1994塑料拉伸性能的测定第3部分:薄膜和薄板材试验条件ISO527-3:1995/ CORR 1:1998/ CORR 2:2001塑料拉伸性能的测定第4部分: 各向同性和正交各向异性纤维增强复合材料的试验条件ISO 527-4:1997塑料拉伸性能的测定第5部分: 单项纤维增强复合材料的试验条件ISO 527-5:20099 弯曲性能塑料弯曲性能的测定GB/T9341-2008塑料和电绝缘材料弯曲性能试验方法ASTM D790-10塑料.弯曲性能测定BS EN ISO 178–200310 简支梁冲击塑料简支梁冲击性能的测定第一部分:非仪器化冲击试验GB/T1043.1-2008塑料缺口试样的CHARPY 冲击强度的试验方法ASTM D6110–10塑料摆锤式CHARPY冲击特性的测定第1部分:非仪器冲击试验ISO 179–1:201011 悬臂梁冲击强度塑料悬臂梁冲击强度的测定GB/T1843-2008塑料IZOD冲击强度的试验方法ASTM D256-10检测产品/类别检测标准(方法)名称及编号(含年号)序号名称塑料 IZOD冲击强度的测定ISO 180:2000 /Amd 1:200612 硬度塑料硬度测定第二部分:洛氏硬度GB/T3398.2-200813 热变形温度塑料负荷变形温度的测定第1部分:通用试验方法GB/T1634.1-2004塑料13 热变形温度在挠曲负荷下塑料的挠曲温度的试验方法ASTM D648-07塑料载荷下挠曲温度的测定第1部分:一般试验方法ISO75-1:2004塑料载荷下挠曲温度的测定第2部分:塑料和硬橡胶ISO75-2:200414 维卡软化温度热塑性塑料维卡软化温度(VST)的测定GB/T1633-2000塑料维卡(Vicat)软化温度的测试方法ASTM D1525-09塑料热塑材料维卡软化温度的测定ISO 306:200415 压缩性能塑料压缩性能的测定GB/T1041-2008塑料压缩性能试验方法ISO 604:2002硬塑料的压缩特性试验方法ASTM D695-1016 撕裂性能塑料直角撕裂性能试验方法QB/T1130-199117体积电阻率/表面电阻率固体绝缘材料体积电阻率和表面电阻率试验方法GB/T1410-2006绝缘材料表面电阻和体积电阻试验方法IEC 60093:1980绝缘材料直流电阻或电导试验方法ASTM D257-0718 大气暴露塑料大气暴露试验方法GB/T3681-2000塑料暴露于太阳辐射的方法第一部分:通则ISO877-1:200919 时间—温度极限塑料长期热暴露后时间—温度极限测定GB/T7142-2002聚合物长期性能评估UL746B-201020 塑料老化评价塑料在玻璃下日光、自然气候或实验室光源暴露后颜色和性能变化的测定GB/T15596-2009塑料在玻璃下日光、自然气候或实验室光源暴露后颜色和性能变化的测定ISO4582:200721 变色评定纺织品色牢度试验评定变色用灰色样卡GB/T250-2008检测产品/类别检测标准(方法)名称及编号(含年号)序号名称22 熔融指数热塑性塑料熔体质量流动速率和熔体体积流动速率的测定GB/T3682-200023 击穿电压绝缘材料电气强度试验方法第一部分:工频下试验GB/T1408.1-200624 热应力开裂电线电缆用黑色聚乙烯塑料GB/T15065-2009附录A25 环境应力开裂聚乙烯环境应力开裂试验方法GB/T1842-2008聚乙烯环境应力开裂试验方法ASTM D1693-08塑料26 垂直与水平燃烧设备和器具部件用塑料材料易燃性的试验UL 94-2009塑料燃烧性能的测定水平法和垂直法GB/T2408-200827 氧指数用氧指数法测定燃烧行为第1部分:导则GB/T2406.1-2008用氧指数法测定燃烧行为第2部分:室温试验GB/T2406.2-2009用氧指数法测定燃烧行为第1部分:导则ISO4589-1:1996用氧指数法测定燃烧行为第2部分:室温试验ISO4589-2:1996/Amd 1:200528 吸水性塑料吸水性试验方法ASTM D570-98(2005)塑料吸水性试验方法GB/T 1034-2008塑料吸水性试验方法ISO62:2008(E)29 密度非泡沫塑料密度的测定第1部分浸渍法、液体比重瓶法和滴定法ISO1183.1-2004非泡沫塑料密度的测定第1部分浸渍法、液体比重瓶法和滴定法GB/T1033.1-2008塑料相对密度和密度试验方法–置换法ASTM D792-0830 灰分固化的增强树脂燃烧损失的试验方法ASTM D2584-08塑料.灰份的测定第1部分: 一般方法ISO 3451-1:2008塑料灰分的测定第一部分:通用方法GB/T9345.1-200831 透光率透明塑料透光率和雾度试验方法ASTM D1003 -11e1透明塑料透光率和雾度试验方法GB/T 2410-200 832 雾度透明塑料透光率和雾度试验方法ASTM D1003 -07e1检测产品/类别检测标准(方法)名称及编号(含年号)序号名称透明塑料透光率和雾度试验方法GB/T 2410-200833 差示扫描量热塑料差示扫描量热法(DSC)第1部分:通则 GB/T 19466.1-2004塑料.差示扫描量热法(DSC).第1部分总则 ISO 11357-1-2009 34 玻璃化转变温度塑料差示扫描量热法(DSC)第2部分:玻璃化转变温度的测定GB/T19466.2-2004塑料差示扫描量热法(DSC) 第2部分:玻璃传导温度的测定 ISO11357-2-1999塑料35熔融和结晶温度及热焓塑料差示扫描量热法(DSC)第3部分:熔融和结晶温度及热焓的测定GB/T19466.3-2004塑料差示扫描量热法(DSC) 第3部分:熔化和结晶焓和温度的测定 ISO 11357-3-201136氧化诱导时间和氧化诱导温度塑料差示扫描量热法(DSC)第6部分:氧化诱导时间(等温OIT)和氧化诱导温度(动态OIT)的测定GB/T 19466.6-2009塑料差示扫描量热法(DSC)第6部分:氧化诱导时间(等温OIT)和氧化诱导温度(动态OIT)的测定 ISO 11357-6-200837热塑性塑料颗粒外观试验热塑性塑料颗粒外观试验方法SH/T 1541-2006金属穿孔板试验筛GB/T6003.2-199738 炭黑分散度电线电缆用黑色聚乙烯塑料GB15065-2009附录A桥梁缆索用高密度聚乙烯护套料CJ/T297-200839 炭黑含量聚乙烯管材和管件炭黑含量的测定(热失重法)GB13021-199140 脆化温度塑料冲击法脆化温度的测定GB/T5470-2008塑料.冲击脆化温度的测定ISO974-2000塑料.冲击脆化温度的测定 ASTM D746-200741 邵氏硬度塑料和硬橡胶使用硬度计测定压痕硬度ISO868-200342动态及静态摩擦系数塑料薄膜和薄片摩擦系数测定方法GB/T 10006-1988塑料薄膜和薄片摩擦系数测定方法ISO 8295-199543 塑料粒表观密度塑料能从规定漏斗流出的材料表观密度的测定GB/T1636-2008检测产品/类别检测标准(方法)名称及编号(含年号)序号名称橡胶和塑料软管耐臭氧性能橡胶和塑料软管静态条件下耐臭氧性能的评价GB/T 24134-2009汽车材料1汽车内饰材料燃烧性能汽车内饰材料的燃烧特性GB8410-20062汽车零部件耐候性试验汽车零部件耐候性试验一般规则QC/T17-20093汽车塑料制品通用试验方法汽车塑料制品通用试验方法QC/T15-19924轿车内饰材料散发性能测试标准轿车内饰材料散发性能测试标准TS-INT-001-2009 5汽车内饰件雾化检测方法大众标准雾化测试PV3015-19946汽车内饰件气味检测方法大众标准气味测试PV3900-20007汽车内饰件有机物散发检测方法大众标准有机物散发测试PV3341-19958汽车内饰件甲醛散发检测方法大众标准甲醛散发PV3925-1994如何选择塑料检测设备随着科学技术的突飞猛进，各种新型材料层出不穷，尤其是高分子材料在近几年有了飞速的发展。
ASTM D792-13 用位移法测定塑料密度和比重的标准试验方法
Designation:D792−13Standard Test Methods forDensity and Specific Gravity(Relative Density)of Plastics by Displacement1This standard is issued under thefixed designation D792;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1These test methods describe the determination of the specific gravity(relative density)and density of solid plastics in forms such as sheets,rods,tubes,or molded items.1.2Two test methods are described:1.2.1Test Method A—For testing solid plastics in water,and 1.2.2Test Method B—For testing solid plastics in liquids other than water.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.N OTE1—This standard is not equivalent to ISO1183–1Method A.This test method provides more guidelines on sample weight and dimension. ISO1183-1allows testing at an additional temperature of2762°C. 2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:2D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD891Test Methods for Specific Gravity,Apparent,of Liquid Industrial ChemicalsD4968Guide for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for PlasticsD6436Guide for Reporting Properties for Plastics and Thermoplastic ElastomersE1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers E12Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravityof Solids,Liquids,and Gases(Withdrawn1996)3E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodIEEE/ASTM SI-10Practice for Use of the International System of Units(SI)(the Modernized Metric System) 3.Terminology3.1General—The units,symbols,and abbreviations used in these test methods are in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI-10.3.2Definitions:3.2.1specific gravity(relative density)—the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the impermeable portion of the material at23°C to the mass of an equal volume of gas-free distilled or de-mineralized water at the same temperature;the form of expression shall be:Specific gravity~relative density!23/23°C~or sp gr23/23°C!N OTE2—This definition is essentially equivalent to the definition for apparent specific gravity and apparent density in Terminology E12, because the small percentage difference introduced by not correcting for the buoyancy of air is insignificant for most purposes.3.2.2density—cubic metre of impermeable portion of the material at23°C.The form of expression shall be:D23,kg/m3N OTE3—The SI unit of density,as defined in IEEE/ASTM SI-10,is kg/m3.To convert density in g/cm3to density in kg/m3,multiply by1000.N OTE4—To convert specific gravity23/23°C to density23°C,kg/m3, use the following equation:D23C,kg/m35sp gr23/23°C3997.5Where997.5kg/m3is the density of water at23°C.4.Summary of Test Method4.1Determine the mass of a specimen of the solid plastic in air.It is then immersed in a liquid,its apparent mass upon immersion is determined,and its specific gravity(relative density)calculated.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70on Analytical Methods(Section D20.70.01).Current edition approved Nov.1,2013.Published November2013.Originally approved st previous edition approved in2008as D792-08.DOI: 10.1520/D0792-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on .*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959.United States--``,`````,``,``,`,,`,,```````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---5.Significance and Use5.1The specific gravity or density of a solid is a property that is conveniently measured to identify a material,to follow physical changes in a sample,to indicate degree of uniformity among different sampling units or specimens,or to indicate the average density of a large item.5.2Changes in density of a single material are due to localized differences in crystallinity,loss of plasticizer,absorp-tion of solvent,or to other causes.It is possible that portions of a sample differ in density because of their differences in crystallinity,thermal history,porosity,and composition(types or proportions of resin,plasticizer,pigment,orfiller).5.3Density is useful for calculating strength-weight and cost-weight ratios.6.Sampling6.1The sampling units used for the determination of spe-cific gravity(relative density)shall be representative of the quantity of product for which the data are required.6.1.1If it is known or suspected that the sample consists of two or more layers or sections having different specific gravities,either completefinished parts or complete cross sections of the parts or shapes shall be used as the specimens, or separate specimens shall be taken and tested from each layer.The specific gravity(relative density)of the total part shall not be obtained by adding the specific gravity of the layers,unless relative percentages of the layers are taken into account.7.Conditioning7.1Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 2362°C and50610%relative humidity for not less than40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618,unless otherwise specified by the contract or relevant material specifications.In cases of disagreement,the tolerances shall be61°C and65%relative humidity.7.2Test Conditions—Conduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmosphere of2362°C and50610%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in this specification or by the contract or relevant material specification.In cases of disagreement,the tolerances shall be61°C and65%relative humidity.TEST METHOD A FOR TESTING SOLID PLASTICS IN WATER(SPECIMENS1TO50g)8.Scope8.1This test method involves weighing a one-piece speci-men of1to50g in water,using a sinker with plastics that are lighter than water.This test method is suitable for plastics that are wet by,but otherwise not affected by water.9.Apparatus9.1Analytical Balance—A balance with a precision of0.1 mg or better is required for materials having densities less than 1.00g/cm3and sample weights less than10grams.For all other materials and sample weights,a balance with precision of 1mg or better is acceptable(see Note5).The balance shall be equipped with a stationary support for the immersion vessel above the balance pan(“pan straddle”).N OTE5—The balance shall provide the precision that all materials tested have three significantfigures on density.In case that materials with different densities are tested on one single balance,use the balance that provides at least three significantfigures for all materials concerned.N OTE6—To assure that the balance meets the performance requirements,check on zero point and sensitivity frequently and perform periodic calibration.9.2Sample Holder,corrosion-resistant(for example,wire, gemholder,etc.).9.3Sinker—A sinker for use with specimens of plastics that have specific gravities less than1.00.The sinker shall:(1)be corrosion-resistant;(2)have a specific gravity of not less than 7.0;(3)have smooth surfaces and a regular shape;and(4)be slightly heavier than necessary to sink the specimen.The sinker shall have an opening to facilitate attachment to the specimen and sample holder.9.4Immersion Vessel—A beaker or other wide-mouthed vessel for holding the water and immersed specimen.9.5Thermometer—A thermometer readable to0.1°C or better.10.Materials10.1Water—The water shall be substantially air-free and distilled or de-mineralized water.N OTE7—Air in water can be removed by boiling and cooling the water, or by shaking the water under vacuum in a heavy-walled vacuumflask. (Warning—Use gloves and shielding.)If the water does not wet the specimen,add a few drops of a wetting agent into the water.If this solution does not wet the specimen,Method B shall be used.11.Test Specimen11.1The test specimen shall be a single piece of material with a size and shape suitable for the testing apparatus, provided that its volume shall be not less than1cm3and its surface and edges shall be made smooth.The thickness of the specimen shall be at least1mm for each1g of weight.A specimen weighing1to5g was found to be convenient,but specimens up to approximately50g are also acceptable(see Note8).Care shall be taken in cutting specimens to avoid changes in density resulting from compressive stresses or frictional heating.N OTE8—Specifications for certain plastics require a particular method of specimen preparation and should be consulted if applicable.11.2The specimen shall be free from oil,grease,and other foreign matter.12.Procedure12.1Measure and record the water temperature.12.2Weigh the specimen in air.Weigh to the nearest0.1mg for specimens of mass1to10g and density less than1.00 g/cm3.Weigh to the nearest1mg for other specimens.12.3If necessary,attach to the balance a piece offine wire sufficiently long to reach from the hook above the pan to the support for the immersion vessel.In this case attachthe --``,`````,``,``,`,,`,,```````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---specimen to the wire such that it is suspended about 25mm above the vessel support.N OTE 9—If a wire is used,weigh the specimen in air after hanging from the wire.In this case,record the mass of the specimen,a =(mass of specimen +wire,in air)−(mass of wire in air).12.4Mount the immersion vessel on the support,and completely immerse the suspended specimen (and sinkers,if used)in water (see 10.1)at a temperature of 2362°C.The vessel must not touch sample holder or specimen.Remove any bubbles adhering to the specimen,sample holder,or sinker,by rubbing them with a wire.Pay particular attention to holes in the specimen and sinker.If the bubbles are not removed by this method or if bubbles are continuously formed (as from dissolved gases),the use of vacuum is recommended (see Note 10).Determine the mass of the suspended specimen to the required precision (see 12.2)(see Note 11).Record this apparent mass as b (the mass of the specimen,sinker,if used,and the partially immersed wire in liquid).Unless otherwise specified,weigh rapidly in order to minimize absorption of water by the specimen.N OTE 10—Some specimens may contain absorbed or dissolved gases,or irregularities which tend to trap air bubbles;any of these may affect the density values obtained.In such cases,the immersed specimen may be subjected to vacuum in a separate vessel until evolution of bubbles has substantially ceased before weighing (see Test Method B).It must also be demonstrated that the use of this technique leads to results of the required degree of precision.N OTE 11—It may be necessary to change the sensitivity adjustment of the balance to overcome the damping effect of the immersed specimen.12.5Weigh the sample holder (and sinker,if used)in water with immersion to the same depth as used in the previous step (Notes 12and 13).Record this weight as w (mass of the sample holder in liquid).N OTE 12—If a wire is used,it is convenient to mark the level of immersion by means of a shallow notch filed in the wire.The finer the wire,the greater the tolerance is permitted in adjusting the level of immersion between weighings.With wire Awg No.36or finer,disregard its degrees of immersion and,if no sinker is used,use the mass of the wire in air as w.N OTE 13—If the wire is used and is left attached to the balance arm during a series of determinations,determine the mass a with the aid of a tare on the other arm of the balance or as in Note 9.In such cases,care must be taken that the change of mass of the wire (for example,from visible water)between readings does not exceed the desired precision.12.6Repeat the procedure for the required number of specimens.Two specimens per sample are recommended.Determine acceptability of number of replicate test specimensby comparing results with precision data given in Tables 1and e additional specimens if desired.13.Calculation13.1Calculate the specific gravity of the plastic as follows:sp gr 23/23°C 5a /~a 1w 2b !where:a =apparent mass of specimen,without wire or sinker,inair,b =apparent mass of specimen (and of sinker,if used)completely immersed and of the wire partially immersed in liquid,andw =apparent mass of totally immersed sinker (if used)andof partially immersed wire.13.2Calculate the density of the plastic as follows:D 23C ,kg/m 35sp gr 23/23°C 3997.513.3If the temperature of the water is different than 23°C,use the density of water listed in Table 3directly,or use the following equations to calculate the density of water at testing temperature:M 5∆D /∆t(1)D ~conversion to 23°C !,kg/m 3(2)5sp gr t a /t w 3@997.51~t w 223!3M #andsp gr 23/235D ~conversion to 23°C !/997.5(3)where:M =slope,∆D =difference between the lowest and highest temperaturetolerance for the standard density of water (D @21°C –D @25°C),∆t =difference between the highest and lowest temperaturetolerance recommended,(21°C–25°C),t a=temperature of air,and t w =temperature of water.14.Report14.1Report the following information:14.1.1Complete identification of the material or product tested,including method of specimen preparation and conditioning,14.1.2Average specific gravity (relative density)for all specimens from a sampling unit corrected to 23.0°C (Table 3)TABLE 1Test Method A Specific Gravity Tested in WaterMaterialMean S r A S R B r C R D Polypropylene0.90070.001960.002970.005550.00841Cellulose Acetate Butyrate 1.19730.002320.003040.006570.00860Polyphenylene Sulfide 1.17080.005400.007380.015280.02089Thermoset1.31360.002710.003130.007670.02171Polyvinyl Chloride1.33960.002430.006150.006880.01947AS r =within laboratory standard deviation for the individual material.It is obtained by pooling the within-laboratory standard deviations of the test results from all of the participating laboratories:S r =[[(s 1)2+(s 2)2...+(s n )2]/n]1/2BS R =between-laboratories reproducibility,expressed as standard deviation:S R =[S r 2+S L 2]1/2where S L is the standard deviation of laboratory means.Cr =within-laboratory critical interval between two test results =2.8×S r .DR =between-laboratories critical interval between two test results =2.8×S R.--``,`````,``,``,`,,`,,```````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---are reported as sp gr 23/23°C =___,or average density reported as D 23C =___kg/m 3,N OTE 14—Reporting density in g/cm 3is also acceptable provided that it is agreed upon by the users.14.1.3A measure of the degree of variation of specific gravity or density within the sampling unit such as the standard deviation and number of determinations on a homogeneous material or the averages plus these measures of dispersion on different layers or areas of a nonhomogeneous product,14.1.4Report the temperature of the water.14.1.5Report the density and specific gravity with three significant figures.14.1.6Any evidence of porosity of the material or specimen,14.1.7The method of test (that is,Method A of Test Method D792),and14.1.8Date of test.15.Precision and Bias 15.1See Section 23.TEST METHOD B FOR TESTING SOLID PLASTICS IN LIQUIDS OTHER THAN WATER (SPECIMENS 1TO 50g)16.Scope16.1Test Method B uses a liquid other than water for testing one-piece specimens,1to 50g,of plastics that are affected by water or are lighter than water.17.Apparatus17.1The apparatus shall include the balance,wire,and immersion vessel of Section 8,and,optionally,the following:17.2Pycnometer with Thermometer—A 25-mL specific gravity bottle with thermometer,or17.3Pycnometer—A pycnometer of the Weld type,prefer-ably with a capacity of about 25mL and an external cap over the stopper.17.4Thermometer—A thermometer having ten divisions per degree Celsius over a temperature range of not less than 5°C or 10°F above and below the standard temperature,and having an ice point for calibration.A thermometer short enough to be handled inside the balance case will be found convenient.ASTM Thermometer 23C (see Specification E1)and Anschütz-type thermometers have been found satisfactory for this purpose.17.5Constant-Temperature Bath—An appropriate constant-temperature bath adjusted to maintain a temperature of 2360.1°C.18.Materials18.1Immersion Liquid—The liquid used shall not dissolve,swell,or otherwise affect the specimen,but shall wet it and shall have a specific gravity less than that of the specimen.In addition,the immersion liquid shall be non-hygroscopic,has a low vapor pressure,a low viscosity,and a high flash point,and shall leave little or no waxy or tarry residue on evaporation.A narrow cut distilled from kerosine meets these requirements for many plastics.The specific gravity 23/23°C of the immersion liquid shall be determined shortly before and after each use in this method to a precision of at least 0.1%relative,unless it has been established experimentally in the particular applica-tion that a lesser frequency of determination also provides the desired precision.N OTE 15—For the determination of the specific gravity of the liquid,the use of a standard plummet of known volume or of Method A,C,or D of Test Methods D891,using the modifications required to give specific gravity 23/23°C instead of specific gravity 60/60°F,is recommended.One suggested procedure is the following:If a constant-temperature water bath is not available,deter-mine the mass of the clean,dry pycnometer with thermometerTABLE 2Test Method B Specific Gravity Tested in Liquids Other Than WaterMaterial Mean S r A S R B r C R D Polypropylene 0.90230.001390.002390.003930.00669LDPE 0.92150.001090.001950.003080.00546HDPE0.96780.001260.001890.003560.00529Thermoset1.31300.001600.002170.004530.00608AS r =within laboratory standard deviation for the individual material.It is obtained by pooling the within-laboratory standard deviations of the test results from all of the participating laboratories:S r =[[(s 1)2+(s 2)2...+(s n )2]/n]1/2BS R =between-laboratories reproducibility,expressed as standard deviation:S R =[S r 2+S L 2]1/2where S L is the standard deviation of laboratory means.Cr =within-laboratory critical interval between two test results =2.8×S r .DR =between-laboratories critical interval between two test results =2.8×S R .TABLE 3Standard Density of Water A°C ρ=/kg m –30.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.921997.994897319513929490738852863084068182795722997.773075037275704568156584635161185883564823997.541251744936469744564215397337303485324024997.299427472499225020001749149712440990073525997.048002239965B9707B9447B9186B8925B8663B8399B8135BA Obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics ,78thedition,1997-1998.BThe leading figure decreases by 1.--``,`````,``,``,`,,`,,```````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---to the nearest0.1mg on an analytical balance.Fill the pycnometer with water(10.1)cooler than23°C.Insert the thermometer-stopper,causing excess water to be expelled through the side arm.Permit thefilled bottle to warm in air until the thermometer reads23.0°C.Remove the drop of water at the tip of the side arm with a bit offilter paper,taking care not to draw any liquid from within the capillary,place the cap over the side arm,wipe the outside carefully,and determine the mass of thefilled bottle again to the nearest0.2mg.Empty the pycnometer,dry,andfill with immersion liquid.Determine the mass with the liquid in the same manner as was done with the water.Calculate the specific gravity23/23°C of the liquid,d,as follows:d5~b2e!/~w2e!where:e=apparent mass of empty pycnometer,w=apparent mass of pycnometerfilled with water at23.0°C,andb=apparent mass of pycnometerfilled with liquid at23.0°C.If a constant-temperature water bath is available,a pycnom-eter without a thermometer may be used(compare30.2).N OTE16—One standard object which has been found satisfactory for this purpose is the Reimann Thermometer Plummet.These are normally supplied calibrated for measurements at temperatures other than23/23°C, so that recalibration is not necessary for the purposes of these methods.19.Test Specimen19.1See Section11.20.Procedure20.1The procedure shall be similar to Section12,except for the choice of immersion liquid,and the temperature during the immersed weighing(12.3)shall be2360.5°C.21.Calculation21.1The calculations shall be similar to Section13,except that d,the specific gravity23/23°C of the liquid,shall be placed in the numerator:(see13.1)Sp gr23/23°C5~a3d!/~a1w2b!22.Report22.1See Section14.23.Precision and Bias23.1Tables1and2are based on an interlaboratory study4 conducted in1985in accordance with Practice E691,involving 5materials tested with Test Method A by six laboratories or four materials tested with Test Method B by six laboratories. Each test result was based on two individual determinations and each laboratory obtained four test results for each material. (Warning—The explanations of r and R are only intended to present a meaningful way of considering the approximate precision of these test methods.The data of Tables1and2 should not be applied to acceptance or rejection of materials,as these data apply only to the materials tested in the round robin and are unlikely to be rigorously representative of other lots, formulations,conditions,materials,or ers of this test method should apply the principles outlined in Practice E691to generate data specific to the materials and laboratory (or between specific laboratories).The principles of23.2–23.2.3would then be valid for such data.)23.2Concept of r and R in Tables1and2—If S r and S R have been calculated from a large enough body of data,and for test results that were averages from4test results for each material,then:23.2.1Repeatability—Two test results obtained within one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r value for that material.The concept r is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the same material,obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on the same day in the same laboratory. 23.2.2Reproducibility—Two test results obtained by differ-ent laboratories shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the R value for that material.The concept R is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment in different laboratories.23.2.3Any judgment in accordance with23.2.1or23.2.2 would have an approximate95%(0.95)probability of being correct.23.3There are no recognized standards by which to esti-mate bias of this test method.24.Keywords24.1density;relative density;specific gravity4Supporting data have beenfiled at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research ReportRR:D20-1133. --``,`````,``,``,`,,`,,```````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D792-08)that may impact the use of this standard.(November 1,2013)(1)Revised 7.1and 7.2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@ (e-mail);or through the ASTM website ().Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (/COPYRIGHT/).--``,`````,``,``,`,,`,,```````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---。
ASTM D792-2007 塑料密度和相对密度试验方法 (CN)
塑料密度和相对密度的测试方法1范围这些试验方法讲述了片状，棒条状，管状或铸模件固体塑料相对密度和密度的测定方法。
讲述了两种试验方法：试验方法A---在水中测试，试验方法B---在其他液体中测试。
为标准单位。
该标准并不旨在讨论所有的安全问题，如有，仅与其使用相关。
该标准的使用者责任制定相关适用的安全和健康规范，并在使用前确定规范的适用性。
2参考文件3术语总则---该标准中使用的单位，符号和缩写与规范E380一致。
定义：相对密度---在23℃的温度下材料不渗透部分单位体积质量与相同温度下同体积同密度无气蒸馏水的质量之比。
表达形式为：相对密度23/23℃（或spgr23/23℃）。
密度---在23℃的温度下，材料无渗透部分每立方米的千克质量。
表达式为：D23，千克/立方米注4---E380中定义的SI标准单位是千克/立方米。
克/立方厘米×1000转换为千克/立方米。
注5---相对密度23/23℃可以通过下式转换成密度23℃，千克/立方米。
D23℃,千克/立方米=相对密度23/23℃×4试验方法概述测定固体塑料样品在空气中的质量。
然后将其浸入液体中，测出表观质量，然后计算相对密度。
5意义和使用相对密度或密度6抽样测定相对密度的抽样单位应该要能够代表产品的数量，所要求的数据按照D1898进行。
如果已知或怀疑样品中含有两层或多层相对密度不同的材料，或者将成品部分或横切部分作为样品测试，或者将样品分层测试相对密度。
整体部分的相对密度不能将各层的相对密度相加获取，除非将各层的相对百分比考虑在内。
7调节调节---在试验前，按照D618的规定将试验样品在23±2℃的温度和50±5%的相对湿度下至少放置40小时。
以防出现不一致，温度可上下浮动1℃，相对湿度浮动±2%。
试验条件---在23±2℃，50±5%相对湿度的标准实验室环境下进行试验，除非在试验方法或本标准中有其他规定。
ASTMD塑料密度和相对密度试验方法CN0001
塑料密度和相对密度的测试方法1范围1.1这些试验方法讲述了片状，棒条状，管状或铸模件固体塑料相对密度和密度的测定方法。
1.2讲述了两种试验方法：1.2.1试验方法A---在水中测试，1.2.2试验方法B---在其他液体中测试。
1.3 SI为标准单位。
1.4该标准并不旨在讨论所有的安全问题，如有，仅与其使用相关。
该标准的使用者责任制定相关适用的安全和健康规范，并在使用前确定规范的适用性。
2参考文件3术语3.1总则---该标准中使用的单位，符号和缩写与规范E380—致。
3.2定义：3.2.1相对密度---在23E的温度下材料不渗透部分单位体积质量与相同温度下同体积同密度无气蒸馏水的质量之比。
表达形式为：相对密度23/23 C (或sp gr 23/23 C)。
3.2.2密度---在23E的温度下，材料无渗透部分每立方米的千克质量。
表达式为：D，千克/立方米注4---E380中定义的SI标准单位是千克/立方米。
克/立方厘米X 1000转换为千克/立方米。
注5---相对密度23/23 C可以通过下式转换成密度23 T，千克/立方米。
D23C ,千克/立方米二相对密度23/23 °CX 997.64试验方法概述4.1测定固体塑料样品在空气中的质量。
然后将其浸入液体中，测出表观质量，然后计算相对密度。
5意义和使用5.1相对密度或密度6抽样6.1测定相对密度的抽样单位应该要能够代表产品的数量，所要求的数据按照D1898进行。
6.1.1如果已知或怀疑样品中含有两层或多层相对密度不同的材料，或者将成品部分或横切部分作为样品测试，或者将样品分层测试相对密度。
整体部分的相对密度不能将各层的相对密度相加获取，除非将各层的相对百分比考虑在内。
7调节7.1调节---在试验前，按照D618的规定将试验样品在23± 2C的温度和50± 5%勺相对湿度下至少放置40小时。
以防出现不一致，温度可上下浮动「C,相对湿度浮动土2%7.2试验条件---在23土2C，50± 5%@对湿度的标准实验室环境下进行试验，除非在试验方法或本标准中有其他规定。
ASTM_D792-00用位移法测定塑料密度和比重的标准试验方法
ASTM D792-00用位移法测定塑料密度和比重的标准试验方法 １． 范围１．１这些测试方法描述的是对固定塑料包括片状、棒状、管状和模状等的相对密度和比重的测定方法。
１．２ 描述了两种测试方法。
１．２．１测试方法Ａ—在水中测试固体塑料。
１．２．２测试方法Ｂ—其它液体中测试固体塑料。
注１— 作为选择，D 1505测试方法可以用于多数测试形式，也用于薄膜和片状材料。
1.3 在SI 单位中规定的值可认为是标准值。
1.4此标准没有支持所有安全规定的所有标准，假如有的话，与它的使用相联系。
建立安全和健康实际相关的准则是使用者的责任。
注2—这里没有与ISO 标准相似或相等的标准。
2.参考文献２．１ＡＳＴＭ标准D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials for TestingD 891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial ChemicalsD 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density- Gradient TechniqueD 1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD 1898 Practice for Sampling of PlasticsE 1 Specification for ASTM ThermometersE 12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and GasesE 380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System)E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method３．术语3.1 概要— 在这些测试方法中的单位，符号，缩写与E 380惯例相联系。
ASTMD79200塑料密度测试标准ASTMD792用浮力法测定塑料密度和
ASTM D792 00塑料密度测试标准ASTM D792用浮力法测定塑料密度和比重(相关密度)的标准试验方法本标准由方法D 792发布；紧接着名称后的数字表示最初版本的年份，或者是修改后的最后版本年份。
括号内的数字表示版本最后批准的年份。
上标有∈表示对最后一次修订本或批准的编辑修改。
本标准已经国防部代理处批准使用。
1、范围*1.1本测试方法描述了固体塑料的比重（相关密度）的密度的测定，如板材、杆轴、管束或塑料制品。
1.2测试方法有两种：1.2.1方法A：测试在水里的固体塑料1.2.2方法B：测试在除水以外的其他液体里的固体塑料注1：也可以选择方法D1505，此方法可用在上述材料以及胶面和板材。
1.3本标准以在SI单元表示的数据为标准数据。
1.4本标准无意体积所有的安全注意事项，如有，也仅是与其使用有关。
标准的使用者有责任使用本标准前指定合适的安全防范措施，并确定各项安全条令的适用性。
注2：本标准比不等同于ISO 1183中方法A。
2、参考标准2.1ASTM标准D618塑料和电绝缘材料实验的状态调节2D891液态工业化合物的比重,表观比重的标准试验方法3D1505用密度梯度法测试塑料密度的测试方法2D1622硬质泡沫塑料的表观密度的测试方法2D1898塑料制样操作4D4968塑料的试验方法和使用的年度复审标准指南2E1 ASTM温度计使用5E12 固体、液体及气体密度和比重的有关术语6E380 SI制国际体制的使用操作（现代化的十进制）7E691采用实验室间合作研究确定检测方法精密度73、术语3.1常规——本测试中使用的计量单位、标志的缩写都以E380为依据3.2名词解释：3.2.1比重（相关密度）——物质不能渗透的一部分的单位体积在23。
C的空气里和在相同温度下不含气体蒸馏水的同等体积的同等密度的比值。
公式表示为：sp gr23/23。
C注3：此精确度与术语E12里表观比重和表观密度的精确度本质上相等，因为由不准确的空气浮力得来的细微的百分比差异不影响整体效果。
ASTM-D792-2007塑料密度和相对密度试验方法
塑料密度和相对密度的测试方法1 范围1.1 这些试验方法讲述了片状，棒条状，管状或铸模件固体塑料相对密度和密度的测定方法。
1.2 讲述了两种试验方法：1.2.1 试验方法A---在水中测试，1.2.2 试验方法B---在其他液体中测试。
1.3 SI为标准单位。
1.4 该标准并不旨在讨论所有的安全问题，如有，仅与其使用相关。
该标准的使用者责任制定相关适用的安全和健康规范，并在使用前确定规范的适用性。
2 参考文件3 术语3.1 总则---该标准中使用的单位，符号和缩写与规范E380一致。
3.2 定义：3.2.1 相对密度---在23℃的温度下材料不渗透部分单位体积质量与相同温度下同体积同密度无气蒸馏水的质量之比。
表达形式为：相对密度23/23℃（或sp gr 23/23℃）。
3.2.2 密度---在23℃的温度下，材料无渗透部分每立方米的千克质量。
表达式为：D23，千克/立方米注4---E380中定义的SI标准单位是千克/立方米。
克/立方厘米×1000转换为千克/立方米。
注5---相对密度23/23℃可以通过下式转换成密度23℃，千克/立方米。
D23℃,千克/立方米=相对密度23/23℃×997.64 试验方法概述4.1 测定固体塑料样品在空气中的质量。
然后将其浸入液体中，测出表观质量，然后计算相对密度。
5 意义和使用5.1 相对密度或密度6 抽样6.1 测定相对密度的抽样单位应该要能够代表产品的数量，所要求的数据按照D1898进行。
6.1.1 如果已知或怀疑样品中含有两层或多层相对密度不同的材料，或者将成品部分或横切部分作为样品测试，或者将样品分层测试相对密度。
整体部分的相对密度不能将各层的相对密度相加获取，除非将各层的相对百分比考虑在内。
7 调节7.1 调节---在试验前，按照D618的规定将试验样品在23±2℃的温度和50±5%的相对湿度下至少放置40小时。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
塑料密度和相对密度的测试方法1 范围1.1 这些试验方法讲述了片状，棒条状，管状或铸模件固体塑料相对密度和密度的测定方法。
1.2 讲述了两种试验方法：1.2.1 试验方法A---在水中测试，1.2.2 试验方法B---在其他液体中测试。
1.3 SI为标准单位。
1.4 该标准并不旨在讨论所有的安全问题，如有，仅与其使用相关。
该标准的使用者责任制定相关适用的安全和健康规范，并在使用前确定规范的适用性。
2 参考文件3 术语3.1 总则---该标准中使用的单位，符号和缩写与规范E380一致。
3.2 定义：3.2.1 相对密度---在23℃的温度下材料不渗透部分单位体积质量与相同温度下同体积同密度无气蒸馏水的质量之比。
表达形式为：相对密度23/23℃（或sp gr 23/23℃）。
3.2.2 密度---在23℃的温度下，材料无渗透部分每立方米的千克质量。
表达式为：D23，千克/立方米注4---E380中定义的SI标准单位是千克/立方米。
克/立方厘米×1000转换为千克/立方米。
注5---相对密度23/23℃可以通过下式转换成密度23℃，千克/立方米。
D23℃,千克/立方米=相对密度23/23℃×997.64 试验方法概述4.1 测定固体塑料样品在空气中的质量。
然后将其浸入液体中，测出表观质量，然后计算相对密度。
5 意义和使用5.1 相对密度或密度6 抽样6.1 测定相对密度的抽样单位应该要能够代表产品的数量，所要求的数据按照D1898进行。
6.1.1 如果已知或怀疑样品中含有两层或多层相对密度不同的材料，或者将成品部分或横切部分作为样品测试，或者将样品分层测试相对密度。
整体部分的相对密度不能将各层的相对密度相加获取，除非将各层的相对百分比考虑在内。
7 调节7.1 调节---在试验前，按照D618的规定将试验样品在23±2℃的温度和50±5%的相对湿度下至少放置40小时。
以防出现不一致，温度可上下浮动1℃，相对湿度浮动±2%。
7.2 试验条件---在23±2℃，50±5%相对湿度的标准实验室环境下进行试验，除非在试验方法或本标准中有其他规定。
以防出现不一致，温度可上下浮动1℃，相对湿度浮动±2%。
试验方法A---在水中测试固体塑料（样品质量1到50克）8 范围8.1 称量出水中质量在1到50克之间的一层结构的试验样品的质量，如果塑料比水轻，就在上面系一个坠球。
该方法适用于受水影响受潮，但是其他方面不会受水影响的塑料。
9 仪器9.1 分析天平---精确度为0.1毫克的天平，准确到样品质量0.05%,天平盘上面装有一个平稳的支架用于放置浸容器。
注7---确保天平能够满足性能要求，经常检查调节零点和灵敏度，并且使用标准砝码定期校准精确度。
9.2 样品支架，防腐蚀。
9.3 坠球---用于系在相对密度小于1的塑料样品上.坠子需满足：（1）防腐蚀；（2）相对密度不能小于7.0；（3）表面平滑，形状规则；（4）比能够使样品产生下沉的重量稍微再重一些。
坠子上应该有个开口可以方便样品和线相连。
9.4 浸容器---烧杯或其他广口容器，用于盛水和浸没样品。
9.5 温度计---如果试验没有在D618的标准试验环境下进行，需要一个精确度在±1℃的温度计。
10 材料10.1 水---水必须是无气蒸馏水或软化水。
注8---水必须在一个壁厚的真空烧瓶中沸腾，冷却或晃动，充分排出空气。
如果水不能使样品变潮湿，就滴入几滴加湿剂。
如果该溶剂还是不能潮湿样品，就使用试验方法B。
11 试验样品11.1 试验样品必须是单层结构的材料，尺寸和形状必须便于制备和试验，体积不低于1立方厘米，表面和边缘必须平滑。
样品每1克质量的厚度不能低于1毫米。
一般质量在1到5克之间的样品比较方面使用，但是也可能使用重量约为50克的样品。
在切割样品时要小心，避免因为压力或摩擦生热导致密度发生变化。
11.2 样品表面应该无油污，油脂等污物。
12 工艺12.1 测量并记录水的温度。
12.2 称量质量在1到10克样品在空气中的质量，精确到0.1克，10到50克的样品精确到毫克。
12.3 在天平上系一根足够长的细线，能够从盘上面的挂钩连接到浸容器的支架上。
把样品系到线上，悬挂在容器上方25毫米处。
注 10---样品也可以在线上悬挂后称量质量，此时样品的质量，a=（线+样品的质量）-（线的质量）12.4 将容器放在支架上，将悬挂的样品完全浸没到温度为23±2℃的水中。
容器不能接触线或样品。
清除样品，线或坠球上的气泡，尤其是样品和坠球上的小孔处。
一般可以用另一根线将这些气泡研磨掉。
如果这种方法不能清除气泡或不断的产生气泡，建议使用真空吸尘器。
测定悬挂的样品的质量。
记录该表观质量b。
除非另有规定，迅速称量出质量，以使样品的吸水量达到最小。
12.5 将线浸入到与上一步操作同样的深度，称量出其重量。
记录该质量w。
12.6 在规定的其他样品上进行同样的测试。
建议每次抽样两个样品。
通过与表1和2中准确数据进行比较，确定可以接受的试样样品的编号。
可以再加几个样品进行测试，已达到预期的精确度。
13 计算13.1 用下面的公式计算塑料的相对密度：相对密度23/23℃=a/(a+w-b)其中：a=样品的表观质量，不包括金属丝或坠球。
b=样品完全浸入水中的质量。
w=完全浸入水中的坠球和部分浸入的金属丝的表观质量。
13.2 用下式计算塑料的密度：D23℃,千克/立方米=相对密度23/23℃×997.614 报告14.1 报告下列信息：14.1.1 测试材料或产品的标识，包括样品制备和处理的方法。
14.1.2 一个抽样单位中抽取的样品的平均相对密度，报告形式如下：相对密度23/23℃= ,或平均密度D23℃= 千克/立方米。
14.1.3 在一个抽样单位中相对密度或密度变异系数的测量，如标准差和匀质材料的测量数量，或在不同质材料上不同层面或区域的分散测量值的平均值。
14.1.4 报告水的温度14.1.5 材料或样品空隙率。
14.1.6 试验方法。
14.1.7 试验日期。
15 精确度和偏差15.1 见23节试验方法B---在其他液体中测量固体塑料16 范围16.1 测试方法B是在其他液体中测量受水影响或比水轻的质量为1到50克单层结构样品。
17 仪器17.1 仪器要包括天平，线，浸容器和下列可选用的仪器：17.2 带有温度计的比重瓶---容积25毫升。
17.3 比重瓶---焊接型比重瓶，容积25毫升，塞子上带一个帽。
17.4 温度计---量程大于5℃，低于标准温度，每个温度单位不少于4个刻度，而且要有零点以进行校正。
足够短小可以放到天平箱内的温度计最方便。
17.5 恒温瓶---恒温瓶，温度维持在23±0.1℃。
18 材料18.1 浸入液体---使用的液体必须不能溶解样品或影响样品，但应该能潮湿样品，并且相对密度要比样品的小。
同时，浸液无吸湿性，低蒸汽压，低粘度，高闪火点，蒸发时要无白蜡或焦油残渣。
从煤油中蒸馏出的窄馏分满足大部分塑料的这些要求。
浸液的相对密度23/23℃应该在该试验方法使用前后进行测量，达到0.1%的精确度。
如果没有恒温水瓶，用分析天平测量出干净干燥的带有温度计的比重瓶的质量，精确到0.1毫克。
在比重瓶中加入温度低于23℃的水。
塞上温度计塞子，过量的水会从侧壁溢出。
将装满的瓶子在空气中变暖，直到温度计的读数为23℃。
用滤纸清除从侧壁溢出的水，小心不要沾上从毛细吸管流出的液体，并再次称量瓶子的质量，精确到0.2毫克。
将比重瓶倒空，干燥后，按照同样的方法倒入另一种液体并称量出质量。
用下面的公式计算液体的相对密度23/23℃，d：其中：e=比重瓶的表观质量，w=比重瓶在装满23℃的水后的表观质量，b=比重瓶在装满23℃的液体后的表观密度。
如果有恒温水瓶，就是用没有温度计的比重瓶。
19 试验样品19.1 见11节20 工艺20.1 除了浸液的选择，以及在浸没后称量时的温度为23±0.5℃之外，其他工艺与12节相同。
21 计算21.1 除了分子替换成液体相对密度23/23℃，d之外，计算公式与13节相同：相对密度23/23℃=（a×d）/(a+w-b)22 报告22.1 见14节。
23 精确度和偏差23.1 表1和表2的基础是1985年按照标准E691进行的实验室间的试验比较，包括在6个实验室内用试验方法A对5中材料进行的试验，在6个实验室内用试验方法B对4种材料进行的试验。
每一个试验结果都是基于两个单独的测定值，每个实验室测取一种材料的四个试验结果。
23.2 表1和表2中r和R的概念---如果Sr和S，已经通过大的数据计算得出，R以及每种材料的4个测试结果的平均值：23.2.1 重复性---在一个实验室内获取的两个试验结果如果相差大于材料的r 值，则判定为不等效。
r是同一个操作员在同一个实验室同一天使用相同的设备测取的同种材料的两结果间的临界差异的区间，23.2.2 再现性---在不同的实验室内获取的两个实验结果如果大于材料R值，则判定为不等效。
R是不同的操作员在不同实验室使用不同的设备测取的同种材料的两结果间的临界差异的区间。
23.2.3 没有相关的标准估价该试验方法的偏差。
24 关键词24.1 密度，相对密度，比重表1 试验方法A 在水中测试相对密度A Sr是一种材料实验室内的试验标准差。
将所有进行试验的实验室实验结果的实验室内标准差合并所得：Sr=[[(S1)2+(S2)2+……(Sn)2]/n]1/2B S R是试验时间再现性，表达式跟标准差一样：S R=[Sr2+SL 2]1/2其中SL是实验室平均值的标准差。
C r是实验室内两个结果之间的临界范围=2.8×SrD R是试验时间两个结果之间的临界范围=2.8×SR表2 试验方法B 在其他液体中测定相对密度A Sr是一种材料实验室内的试验标准差。
将所有进行试验的实验室实验结果的实验室内标准差合并所得：Sr=[[(S1)2+(S2)2+……(Sn)2]/n]1/2B S R是试验时间再现性，表达式跟标准差一样：S R=[Sr2+SL 2]1/2其中SL是实验室平均值的标准差。
C r是实验室内两个结果之间的临界范围=2.8×SrD R是试验时间两个结果之间的临界范围=2.8×SR。