《红字》中海丝特的形象解读
《红字》中海丝特形象的深度解读
那象征通奸罪 的红 Ａ字也被她 以艺术家的手绣得异 常的精美华贵 。这 个美化 的字母 已经 失去了社会强
加在她身上的意义 ， 变成她 自我定义 的优雅 。海丝特 之所 以精心装饰 这个 红 Ａ字 还有另一个原 因：她爱 的人 的名字 中有这个字母 ，这个 Ａ在她眼 中已变成 爱的象征 ， 这既粉碎 了宗教的意 图 ， 也表达 了她的反 抗精神。海丝特对清教教规的蔑视 以及她所“ 犯下 的 罪过 ” 既 显 示 了她 对 生 活 的 热 爱 ， 也 表 现 了 她 对 宗 教
气 和对 爱情的执着追 求 。更体 现在 生活 中的自立和 对 孩子的母性特质上 ，这些都体现 了她敢于打破 清 教束缚 、 追求 自然人性的决心 和勇气。 （ 一） 海丝特对清教伦理道德的反抗 ｌ ７世纪 的新英格 兰处于严 酷 的教权 统治 中 ， 严 格 的宗教 教规不仅具有 与法律相 同的强制性 ，甚 至 还 支配 和左右着人们 的思想和判 断 ，清教教徒 以教 规 愚弄 、 麻醉 、 控制人们 的思 想和 行 为 ， 他 们沿袭 古 代 用以保护男权地位 的父权制 ，鼓 吹男性对社 会拥 有 支配权 和决定权 ， 女性只是繁 殖的工具 ， 没有独 立 的人格 ，需要依附男 性而生存 ，应 当受到男人 的统 治 。为保 护男人的权利 ， 女 性受到种种 限制和束缚 ， 甚 至残酷 到 即使 在街 上微 笑都要 处 以监 禁 的地 步 。 整个 清教地 区死气沉沉 ， 气 氛阴暗颓废 ， 人们努 力压 制 着 自己的情绪和人性 ， 神情冷 漠 ， 一切都笼罩 在黑 暗之中。《 红字》 中到处都渗透着这种阴郁的宗教气 氛， 生活在这种压抑的环境 中的海丝特对这种惨无人 道、 压制人性的宗教伦理道德表达 出自己强 烈不满。 海 丝特 虽然生长 于清教社会 ，对清教法规 有着 清楚的了解 ， 但在不伤害他 人的情况下 ， 她认 为 自己 追 求爱情的行 为是 没有 过错 的， 因而 ， 对清教做 出的 严 厉惩罚她坦然接 受 ， “ 世俗 的法 律不是心 灵上的法 律” 。 ［ ¨当海丝特走 出牢 门时， 没有众人 想象的“ 黯然 失色” ， 而是露 出高傲优 雅 的举止 、 从容 不迫 的微 笑 ， 就 连身上的衣服都是 华美的 ， 她环视着 众人 ， 勇敢地 向众人展示代表耻辱 的红 Ａ字和 自己的孩子 ，就连
《红字》女主人公海丝特·白兰个性分析
《红字》女主人公海丝特·白兰个性分析
《红字》女主人公海丝特·白兰的个性分析摘要《红字》是19世纪美国作家霍桑的第一部长篇小说。
小说女主人公海丝特美丽动人、敢爱敢当，勇敢地冲破婚姻的枷锁。
但由于19世纪清教严格戒律的禁锢，海丝特的爱情理想并不是一帆风顺的，而是历经了由生发、破灭、沦落的过程。
面对世俗和清规戒律的压抑，海丝特选择了反抗，她勇敢地追寻自己的爱情，在嘲讽和辱骂中，刚毅不屈地生活着。
尽管最后她的生命在各种压力下沦落了，但她勇敢、坚强、百折不挠、反叛的个性依然熠熠生辉。
关键词：海丝特个性红字勇敢
中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a
《红字》是美国浪漫主义作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的长篇代表作。
小说自1850年出版，就吸引了全世界无数读者青睐，并在近年引发了各种富有新意的读者解读。
小说《红字》以17世纪美国东海岸马萨诸塞州波士顿镇上早期移民生活为题材，以殖民时期的严酷教权统治为故事的大背景，讲述的是一个违背清教（加尔文教）教规而犯下通奸罪并处以终身胸前佩带红色字母“a”的女子海丝特·白兰一生坎坷的爱情悲剧故事。
霍桑从人性论出发，介绍了女主人公海丝特勇敢地冲破婚姻的枷锁，试图从这一女性形象来讲述人性在政教合一的社会制度下的脆弱和悲哀。
海丝特和年轻的牧师丁梅斯代尔秘密相爱，生下一名叫珠儿的女孩；结果触犯清教严禁的通奸罪，被判处示众受辱，并终生佩带象征通奸耻辱的红色“a”（adultery，意为通奸）字母。
红字中海斯特的形象分析（2）
红字中海斯特的形象分析（2）三、海斯特对生活的追求“红字”在清教徒的眼里是罪恶和耻辱的标志，而在它面前，海斯特却依然展示了她的人性魅力和尊严，她艰苦的抗争和对生活的追求是冲破旧的道德枷锁的充分体现。
海斯特顽强的生活意志和善良的本性感动了人们，许多人都不再以原有的意义去解释那鲜红的A字，（abie）“能干”（angei）“天使”却成了A字新的寓意。
“海斯特凭借着与生俱来的性格力量和不同寻常的能力在生活中得到了一个自己扮演的角色。
人们来到她的小屋，将他们的悲哀和困扰倾诉给她，寻求她的忠告。
”“海斯特竭尽所能去安慰劝导她们，并郑重告诉她们：坚信当世界渐臻成熟，某个更加光明的时代到来时，会在一个更为可靠的保证相互幸福的基础上，建立起男人和女人之间的整个关系。
”正是因她这种对美好生活的强烈的热情，使她实现了自己作为一个女人的存在价值。
结语正如尼娜贝姆所说：“在海斯特这个形象中，霍桑塑造了美国小说中的第一个真正的女主角，同时也是其中永远的英雄之一。
”海斯特以她的行动告诉女性应该怎样在逆境中求生存，怎样才能赢得自身的平等和自由的权利，怎样才能真正找到自己的价值和存在的意义。
这种敢于斗争的形象和反抗命运的精神鼓舞着成千上万的女性为实现这一理想而奋斗。
也正因为如此，她胸前的红色A是女性意识觉醒的标志，具有永恒的意义，至今仍闪耀着耀眼的光辉。
红字中海斯特的形象分析 [篇2]＜红字）思想深邃．想象丰富．表现手法独特，引起了人们一个多世纪的关注与评论．它被公认为是霍桑最杰出的作品。
在整部小说中．海斯特被描写成一个聪明、漂亮、能干。
极富同情心但又很平凡的女人．特定的环境造就了她这样的形象．在她的性格中同样蕴含着强烈的反叛精神和独立自我精神。
在霍桑的笔下。
海丝特是一个敢于反抗命运、敢于为争取人生权利而斗争的勇敢女性。
她一出场．便显示出生机勃然的个性。
当沉重的狱门拉开．当狱吏把她拉出狱门示众时，虽然一种本能的荣辱感使她感到耻辱．然而她并没有丝毫的畏怯。
浅析《红字》中海斯特的性格
浅析《红字》中海斯特的性格摘要作为世界著名作家之一和“美国的莎士比亚”，霍桑将浪漫主义推向了高峰。
他的《红字》是美国19世纪文学史上的经典作品，也是女性追求真爱，挑战清教社会中神权父权的代表作。
《红字》更是吸引了无数学者研究海斯特的性格，对她的各种分析也屡见不鲜。
本篇著作的背景是在波士顿的一个小镇上，介绍了这个地区的居民是如何被清教主义深刻影响的。
其中女主人公海斯特白兰和镇上受人尊敬的牧师丁梅斯代尔通奸并生下女儿珠儿。
作为惩罚，她被带上红字A-”Adultery”的象征。
同时，论文分析女主人公海斯特的性格。
例如勇敢坚强，叛逆，还有红字A 的转变对她性格的影响。
论文的主要目的是展现了清教法规的苛刻无情地刑法，在清教社会中，不管是谁犯罪都要接受惩罚。
本文还涉及了霍桑的清教价值观，他对清教值价值观和思想的肯定以及对其消极方面对人民思想控制的批判，这也是决定海斯特最后的命运是在通过自身的努力实现了对真爱的追寻并且自身也得到救赎，也改变了人们对红字的看法。
霍桑描写的海斯特的性格向人们展示了他的清教观，以及清教思想对他的影响。
海斯特最初是勇敢坚强的，最终却在清教社会的压迫下，承认了自己的罪过并通过救赎得到了社会的认可。
通过红字A的象征意义的变化也体现了海斯特的性格变化。
关键字；清教主义，海斯特，性格，通奸AbstractAN ANALYSIS OF HESTER’SPRESONALITY IN SCARLET LETTERAbstractAs one of the world’s most famous writers and “the Shakespeare of American” Nathaniel Hawthorne played a critical role in the highlight of romantic novel. The Scarlet Letter,Nathaniel Hawthorne’s representative work, is a classical novel in American literature in the 19th century. The novel is concerning how feminine pursue true love, challenge theocracy, patriarchy and political power in Puritan society. This thesis introduce how the communities in the town are deeply influenced by Puritanism. The heroine Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale, the town’s reverend priest, engages in the act of adultery baby girl named Pearl. As punishment Hester forced to wear “Adultery”. And Scarlet Letter has wined the world-wide attention. Especially the female Hester Prynne has attracted large numbers of scholars to analysis her personality.Meanwhile, The novel describes the heroine Hester Prynne who shows us some personality such as strong , brave, rebellion, compromise and hypocrisy in the transformation of her. The thesis aims at presenting the harshness and the strict punishment in Puritan society. In puritan communities, no matter who commits a sin will be punished. On one hand, he appreciates the puritan thought and value; on the other hand, he condemns the negative impact of puritan society on people’s spirit. And this thought influences Hester’s final fate-to get salvation through self-improvement and hardworking. Hester is brave and strong but with the force of puritanism she admitted her sin. And with analysis the transformation of A’s meaning reflect Hester’s personality.Key words：Puritanism; Hester ; Personality; AdulteryCONTENTSCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION (1)CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION OF THE AUTHOR AND HIS WORKS (2)2.1 Author (2)2.1.1 Puritan Influence On Hawthorne...................................................................,.2 2.1.2.Hawthorne’s Own Thought on Puritanism (3)2.2 Works (5)2.2.1 His Main Works (5)2.2.2 Introduction of The Scarlet Letter (6)CHAPTER III ANALYSIS HESTER’S PERSONALITY (9)3.1 Hester’s Personality at the Beginning of the Novel (9)3.1.1 Personality of Graceful and Beautiful (9)3.1.2 Personality of Rebellious (9)3.2 Hester’s Personality after wearing “Adultery” (10)3.2.1 Personality of Fearless (10)3.2.2 Personality of Compromising being a Mother (11)3.2.3 Personality of Brave and Strong (13)CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS OF THE LETTER “A” -ADULTERY (14)4.1 Being Shamed for “Adultery” (14)4.2Transformation of A’s Meaning; Alone, Alienate, Able, Angel, Admirable (16)CHAPTER V CONCLUSION (18)5.1 The Summary of the Research (18)5.2 The Significance of the Research (18)5.3 The Limitations of the Research (18)REFERENCE (19)CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTIONThe Scarlet Letter represents Nathaniel Hawthorne’s most successful and popular novel, which was published in 1850. It is an outstanding work, which is full of profound intention, complicated plots and sincere emotion. It also shows its unique artistic charm and literary values. Hester Prynne is a famous figure in American literature. Hester Prynne is the main character of Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter. This novel happened in Boston, which was a colony of England in 17th century. At that time and at that place, the doctrine of Puritans was looked as the rule of people’s daily life. Hawthorne was born in a puritan family, whose grandfather was an authority. That made him was deep influenced by Puritanism. On one hand, he received the doctrine of hard working and thrifty, on the other hand, He thought that the Puritan religion was too strict and harsh.Hester Prynne is a woman, who has great courage to pure the real love and a woman who experiences hard life and longs for freedom. She loves her life no matter how difficult it is. She tries her best to struggle against the adversity. She is a beautiful, virtuous, brave and tough woman. Because of adultery, she is forced to wear an “A” on her breast to shame her. She showed extreme strength and courage to resist the bias of the Puritanism by her good deeds and finally is received and being respected by the society and get salvation through hard working.CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION OF THEAUTHOR AND MAIN WORKS2.1 Introduction of the AuthorHawthorne was born on the fourth of July, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. Some of his ancestors were men of prominence in the Puritan theocracy of seventeenth century New England. One of them was a colonial magistrate, notorious for his part in the persecution of the Quakers, and another was a judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692. Gradually the family fortune declined . His father, a sea captain, died in Dutch Guiana, leaving the widow and the child behind to shift for themselves. Young Hawthorne was intensely aware of the misdeeds of his Puritan ancestors, this awareness led to his understanding of evil being at the core of human life , to “that blackness in Hawthorne ”.In 1821 Hawthorne went to Bowdoin College, where he had Henry Wadsworth Longfellow as a classmate. He also developed a friendship with Franklin Pierce who was to become the fourteenth President of the United States. In 1825 to 1837 Hawthorne lived in solitude and seclusion. He was, during the four years (1853-1857) when President Pierce was in office, the United States consul in Liverpool, England and later traveled in Italy. He died in 1864.2.1.1 Puritan Influence On HawthorneThe story tells about the life of the resident under the surrounding of persecution derived from the ineradicable religion in Massachusetts of Boston in New England in public. Boston, which was a colony of England at that time, the local Boston people was the representative of puritans. From the political authorities to the kids playing before the church, their characteristics are the same. The thesis aims at any differences from others are hereto. At the early cultures of Boston, ages and experience are emphasis; there is no culture of younger. That’s why Hawthorne makes the story happens there. To the puritans, any person or thing which is different from them will be punished or be banished. To the puritans, the laws are sacred; anyone who breaks the law should be punishedstrictly, that’s the special environment which Hester lived in.All his life, Hawthorne seems to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life. Reading his tales and romances, one cannot but be overwhelmed by the “black”vision which these works reveal. Evil exists in the human heart as is evident, for instance, in the short story, “Earth’s Holocaust,”which tells us that, though all symbol of tradition and the past have been burned in the bonfire of the life of the New World, the source of evil—the huAman heart—remains intact. Everyone seems to cover up his black veil (“The Minister’s Black Veil”). Evil seems to be man’s birthmark (“The Birthmark”). A. H. Quinn perceptively states that Hawthorne is at his best when dealing with sin, the supernatural, and New England past, The Scarlet Letter is set in the seventeenth century. （Barlow，2000,3）It is en elaboration of a fact which Puritanism ruled. Hester was sinned adultery, which cannot be forgiven and must be punished at that time, this reflects Hawthorne’s thought of sin, everyone has sin and they must use their whole life to expiate themselves. But he also thought the punishments are too harsh. Thus why he made Hester sinned, but didn’t admit her sin.2.1.2 Hawthorne’s Own Thoughts on PuritanismIn this novel, Hawthorne uses the repressive, authoritarian Puritan society as an analogue for humankind in general. The Puritan setting also enables him to portray the human soul under extreme pressure. Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth, while unquestionable part of the Puritan society in which they live, also reflect universal experiences. Hawthorne speaks specially to American issues, but he circumvents the aesthetic and thematic limitations that might accompany such focus. His university and his dramatic flair have ensured his place in the literary canon, tolerant and cruel. He thinks that the Puritan religion was too strict and harsh. Readers can see how he disliked them by the way people act, talk, and live.Meanwhile, he also shows how he thought the Puritan people would react to the manner in which Hester stitched the “A”, and he d oes not make them look very pleasant. By showing them as being ruthless, and evil, Hawthorne is able to reveal his views of the Puritan people, and how he dislikes them through thetownsfolk (the woman in particular). He makes them come across as people you would love to hate. Throughout the entire book, Hester is looked down upon though slightly less as the story progresses, and is treated like a second class citizen. Hawthorne shows his distaste of the Puritan culture by expressing himself through the characters and their actions. Not one person in this novel is truly good, and all the characters sins. It is impossible to have a perfect society, and Nathaniel Hawthorne explains to us in The Scarlet Letter, that one is ruled by the Puritan religion, proves this true.(Gao,2000,4)Nevertheless, although he is shocked by the Puritan injustice, he is convinced that there is both good and evil in Puritanism. He thinks a lot about the conflict of God as omniscient and omnipotent on one hand, and vengeful and cruel on the other. He sees that religion is able to produce evil. Things like the witch trials, where innocent people have to die, can happen in his Puritan hometown of Salem, which leads him to the opinion that the fusion of religious dogma and political authority is the worst evil. His ancestors and all the other Puritans maybe think to have found the devil when prosecuting witches, but Hawthorne is of a different opinion. Hawthorne’s answ er is that devil existed in everybody. It makes people blind so they are not able to recognize the evil in themselves.In a whole, Hawthorne’s attitude towards Puritanism is split. There are things he is absolutely in favor of and things he condemns from the depth of his heart. And to some extent, Hawthorne is a Puritan because of his Puritan origin. It is Puritanism that has led to today’s American achievement oriented society. But Hawthorne describes the Puritan society of the 17th century as narrow and relentless. He does not share the dogmas and delusions of the people who are condemned, because he has little interest and less belief in doctrines and theological debate. His imagination is repeatedly drawn the subjects of temptation, guilt and shame. He seeks the depth of the human things.Of course Hawthorne’s point of view is that of the 19th century, not that of 17th century, where his short stories are settled. He is aware of his roots and history, but he questions these roots and history from his modern point of view. Back to his attitudes towards the Puritanism of ancestors, when Hawthorneread the accounts about his first American ancestors, he was reported to have readthem with fascination and horror. He was different from his ancestors.The way Hawthorne makes Hester’s fate goes with the Puritans. She sins, isforced to wear a letter “A”on her breast, is isolated by the townspeople, butfinally is respected because of her kind-hearted. This can be assigned the origin toHawthorne’s experiences that he has isolated from the outside after he graduatesfrom university. Hawthorne has ever said to Longfellow, the most fearful thing isthat you can not share your happiness or sorrow of your daily life to others. Onewho is deprived the right of join the society, is an audience but not a participant,Max said that one is a social man because man has to live in the society, or hewill lose the meaning of exiting. （Chang，2009,76）Hawthorne thinks Hestershould resign the punishment of Alienation, which is seen as the cruelest one.Hester should turn over a new leaf by expiating herself.Hester’s fate is designed; she has no choice because she lives in a puritansociety and Hawthorne’s puritan thoughts also determine her fate.2.2 Works2.2.1 His Main WorksThe House of the Seven Gables is an appalling fictional version Hawthorne’sbelief that “the wrong-doing of one generation lives into the successive”, and thatevil will come out of evil though it may take many generation to happen.ColonelPyncheon takes by force the land of Matthew Maule, and condemns him as awizard. He builds a house on the land while Matthew Maule is sent to thescaffold. Before he dies, the “wizard” curses the colonel, saying “God will givehim blood to drink”. Retribution does come. The house seems to be haunted. Thescion of the colonel wither and die out, and eventually it is the descendant of thepersecuted wizard who gets the upper hand. The curse does, in time, materialize.It is true that the book concludes on a happy note, and that good triumphs overevil.The Marble Faun i s a good illustration. A young Italian nobleman, Donatello byname, falls in love with a beautiful Miriam whose happiness is, however,threatened by a monk and eventually gives himself up to a life-imprisonment while Miriam is resolved to lead a life of penance. Donatello lives through the tragic experience and attains maturity as a man.2.2.2 Introduction of the Scarlet LetterThe story begins in seventeenth-century Boston, then a Puritan settlement. A young woman, Hester Prynne, is led from the town prison with her infant daughter, Pearl, in her arms and the scarlet letter “A” on her breast. A man in the crowd tells an elderly onlooker that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester’s husband, a scholar much older than she is, sent her ahead to America, but he never arrived in Boston. The consensus is that he has been lost at sea. While waiting for her husband, Hester has apparently had an affair, as she has given birth to a child. She will not reveal her lover’s identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her public shaming, is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. On this day Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child’s father.The elderly onlooker is Hester’s missing husband, who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chillingworth. He settles in Boston, intent on revenge. He reveals his true identity to no one but Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. Several years pass. Hester supports herself by working as a seamstress, and Pearl grows into a willful, impish child. Shunned by the community, they live in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Community officials attempt to take Pearl away from Hester, but, with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, a young and eloquent minister, the mother and daughter manage to stay together. Dimmesdale, however, appears to be wasting away and suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. Chillingworth attaches himself to the ailing minister and eventually moves in with him so that he can provide his patient with round-the-clock care. Chillingworth also suspects that there may be a connection between the minister’s torments and Hester’s secret, and he begins to test Dimmesdale to see what he can learn. One afternoon, while the minister sleeps, Chillingworth discovers a m ark on the man’s breast, which convinces himthat his suspicions are correct.Dimmesdale’s psychological anguish deepens, and he invents new tortures for himself. In the meantime, Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. One night, when Pearl is about seven years old, she and her mother are returning home from a visit to a deathbed when they encounter Dimmesdale atop the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl join him, and the three link hands. Dimmesdale refuses Pearl’s request that he acknowledge her publicly the next day, and a meteor marks a dull red “A” in the night sky. Hester can see that the minister’s condition is worsening, and she resolves to interv ene. She goes to Chillingworth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale’s self-torment. Chillingworth refuses.Hester arranges an encounter with Dimmesdale in the forest because she is aware that Chillingworth has probably guessed that she plans to reveal his identity to Dimmesdale. The former lovers decide to flee to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family. They will take a ship sailing from Boston in four days. Both feel a sense of release, and Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her hair. Frustrated in his revenge, Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows what has happened to them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resume her charitable work. She receives occasional letters from Pearl, who has married a European aristocrat and established a family of her own. When Hester dies, she is buried next to Dimmesdale. The two share a single tombstone, which bears a scarlet “A.”CHAPTER III ANALYSIS OF HESTER’SPERSONALITY IN SCARLET LETTERHester’s entrance is an attractive and graceful lady like a lady of quality, which makes her different from people. Although she sins, she acts brave and dare to admit her sin, dare to get salvation through her acts.3.1 Hester’s personality at The Beginning of The Novel3.1.1 Personality of Graceful And BeautifulHester is attractive when she appears. She is a slender lady who herself with a deliberate grace. She has a beautiful face with deep black eyes. To most people, she looks more like a graceful lady from the upper class. But Hawthorne’s female characters tend to fall into two broad categories, the blond and effete, and the dark-haired and sensual Oriental type. To the latter belongs Hester Prynne, attractive, appealing, and mildly aggressive, she represents sexual guilt as love with her is fatal, but she is really pure and innocent. Young Hester borders on being licentious. Her drive is sexual. One needs to take just a casual look at her luxuriant head of black silky hair to understand this of her. But she lives a rigorous life; only once does she let loose her lovely hair. (Barlow, 2000, 21)3.1.2 Personality of RebelliousThe heroine in The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is a beautiful and competent woman. Even though she is reduced to a prisoner, she is still “very slim with black silky hair. Her face is fair and charming which looks more moving with her moon-like eyebrow and deep black eyeball. She belongs to the group of noblewoman even if she is measured by temporary female style”. It is this young and beautiful woman that is married to an old and ugly scholar, Chillingworth. At that time, Hester is very young just like a newborn moss. Although the scholar is anile, he always accompanies her when she is down and out. It is hard to say whether there is love between them. But Hester and Chillingworth live harmoniously. In later years Chillingworth sends Hester to New England to settle down there and asks Hester to wait for him. Since then he has never been heard of since. Having heard that her husband has died, Hester and the priest, Dimmesdale, falls in love with each other and later Heater gives birth to a child named Pearl.Although the judge doesn’t put her to death out of mercy, she is still punished to wear a scarlet letter A with her three-month old baby in her arms in the scaffold. No doubt this punishment is a torture to her. The scarlet letter A on her breast is a symbol of evil. And the baby is a vivid evidence of the crime. What makes her feel shameful is other’s abuse and spurn. This rebellion against the world is sinful especially in the puritan society. Hester’s love to her husband is somewhat a betrayal, but her love toward Dimmesdale is sincere. There is no true love between her and her husband, but there exists between her and Dimmesdale. When the relation with Dimmesdale is revealed, she is brave to bear the accusation to maintain Dimmesdale’s reputation. When she is publicly exposed in the scaffold, Hester is forced to point out her lover. But she resolves not to do it. She says that “she wants to bear the pain of him like she does in herself”. In fact, she herself alone bears the crime for seven years. When she knows that Chillingworth has used various kinds of means to revenge on the unaware Dimmesdal and the latter has suffered a lot because of this, Hester makes up her mind to expose Chillingworth’s true identity and leave for other place with Dimmesdale. She gives a lot of comfort and support to him. Her female gentility, virtue and positive spirit have made their full expression in the people around her. She bravely faces the hardship in her life, and at key moment she can protect her baby Pearl from being taken away by puritans. As a mother and lover, Hester is sincere.3.2Hester’s Personality after Wearing “Adultery”3.2.1 Personality of FearlessHester Prynne leaves a deep impression to the readers. Hester is a woman, who has great courage to devote to real love and a woman who experiences hard life and longs for freedom. She loves her life no matter how difficult it is. She tries her best to struggle against the adversity. She is a beautiful, virtuous, brave and tough woman.Hester marries an unloved ugly old man, nothing but having great knowledge admired by all fools. However, when Hester goes to Massachusetts of Boston,She falls in love with Dimmesdale who is her true lover. It should be a good matter, so to speak, if she could divorce from the oldest Chillingworth and then marry Dimmesdale it would be a romantic love story. Unfortunately, it is disgraceful of a married woman to love another man even if that is her beloved one in that abnormal time. So, what a disgraced thing it is that she has to be set up to public shame and wore a mark of shame upon her bosom letter A stands for adultery that makes her bring sermon against sin, until the ignominious scarlet letter be engraved upon her tombstone .But that does not impact on her life even if all dwells give a wide berth to her and use the most incautious words to aggress her later. Because of her benevolence, the inhabitants accept her gradually though they insult her sometimes. Hester does not mind it, because what she concerns is Whether Dimm esdale’s life is good or not.3.2.2 Personality of Compromising Being A MotherHester is deeply influenced by the society. Although she is rejected by the society, she tries to return to it. She has distinctive characters of contemporary feminist. “The y have strength and virtue, but there are also shortcomings and evil. On the one hand they learn to obey and do something good; on the other hand, their minds remain independent and keep fighting. For Hester, she has to get close to Puritanism’s idea about human nature and its values. On the other hand, she refuses to repent and insists on true love. Maternal love plays an important role in Hester’s psychological process. In the society where religious theocracy dominates, although Hester knows she has the right to pursue love, she is still conscious that her betrayal of marriage offends the law. As a woman, she can alone bear all punishments and misfortunes. But as a mother, she worries about the cruel punishments will fall into Pearl. “Everyday she observes the child’s personality closely, for the fear that it may develop some gloomy or wired manners. She has suffered so much pain and loneliness, so she hopes her child not to recommit the same error, but to integrate into the society and live a happy life. Therefore, she silently endures the pain and maintains contact with the society through the needlework to gain comfort. As Pearl’s name suggests, she comes from sin, but she is pure. She is also a constant reminder to Hester and totownspeople of Hester’s sin. Hester dresses her with bright color and named her pearl, and that shows her love to her baby. Though Pearl is regarded as the result of Hester and Dimmesdale’s adultery, she is still a pearl to Hester. Hester give all hope to Pearl. She is still a brave mother.The compromise of Hester Prynne is related to Hawthorne's ideology. Hawthorne was born in New England dilapidated aristocratic family. There are two generations of his ancestors were in colonial politics and religion and authority figures, who persecuted by fanatical Puritan heresy. When Hawthorne was a child he lived in Salem town which was a famous place in American history. He deeply influenced by Calvinism, a region suffering from the infiltration of religious and cultural. Then in Hawthorne's later year he face the American capitalist economy of rapid development, social structure, the scene of major changes, it shows a very complicated ambivalence of his mind. On the one hand he dared to criticize Calvinism poisoning people's religious fanaticism and stifle the religious dogma in the pursuit of an abstract thought in the United States. In The Scarlet Letter, on the one hand, he criticized religious bigotry destroy people's position. He focus on the performance of the bravely and rebellion of Hester Prynne. On the other hand, and most importantly, he concept of original sin and Calvinism affirmed the seriousness of early Puritan, digestion of the Hester's courage and sense of resistance, so that to search for compromise in the Hester's life from the original sin in access to spiritual self-rescue. Hester Prynne of The scarlet letter, consciously or unconsciously reinforce compromise, this is the result of Hawthorne's religious contemplation. Compromise of Hester Prynne is began with the crimes. She gradually forced to compromise on the way to redemption. She and Dimmesdale's love sown the seeds of evil, therefore, she spent seven years to living shame.3.2.3 Personality of Brave And StrongHester is the only person who wears the “A” in the whole article. Puritan authority’s power forces her to wear it all day long after the punishment of three hours standing on the scaffold. Hester can leave the Massachusetts colony, but she does not flee. She regards the place as her home living as the type of shame.It is love, which is the only reason for her to live in that place. The kind of love is declared guilty according to the puritan religion, which takes the asceticism as the local law at that time. “There trod the feet of one with whom she d eemed herself connected in a union would bring them together before the bar of final judgment, and make that their marriage-alter, for a joint futurity of endless retribution (Hawthorne, 2009,489 ). Maybe at that time, Hester’s choice seems a little innocent. Just for the faith for love, which can also be regarded as the passion in a short while though wild nature as she has, she restrains her be behavior from then on for she thinks herself commit an offence. She swears of keeping the secret of the relationship between her and her husband Chillingworth shows that she is in blame at that time and puzzled with her love.When being put into prison, Hester refuses to confess who the father of the baby is, she protect Dimmesdale though Dimmesdale is too recreant to admit the sin. After Hester commits the sin, the Puritan society immediately enforces its law against her. “Hester betrayed her husband and went against the principle of honesty on Puritan, so she must accept the severe penalty in the Puritan society at that time.” Apart from wearing the red letter “A”, she has to suffer public shame on the scaffold.Though the love between Hester and Dimmesdale is true, Hester is a woman who is married. Both of them sin, they have to be punished and get salvation through their acts.CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS OF THE LETTER “A”-ADULTERYIn puritan’s doctrine, one should get salvation by hard working, Hester must be tortured until she receives forgiveness from God, and all that she can do is to bear until she gets salvation.。
浅析《红字》中海丝特·白兰的女性美
浅析《红字》中海丝特白兰的女性美刘丹(宿迁学院外语系)摘要：霍桑在其代表作《红字)中刻画了一个追求自由、追求真爱的具有女性觉悟的人物——海丝特白兰．淋漓尽致地演绎了海丝特的女性美。
这种女性美旨在获得男女之间的共同幸福，打破了天使与魔鬼的传统偏见。
关键词：自由；真爱；女性美《红字》是19世纪美国浪漫主义作家纳撒尼尔霍桑最优秀的一部作品．其女主角海丝特．白兰身上散发的女性美更是给世人留下了对《红字》永难消逝的热情。
女性美的刻画是多方面的．重要的是注重表现女性人物在自我发展中内心生活的方法。
女性在不断地追求自我存在价值的过程中日趋成熟，在努力发掘，寻找自我意识和社会地位，反对夫权、教权中心文化的压抑与统治中实现自己的价值。
男性作家霍桑以特有的女性意识．以自身的柔情和爱心谱写了一首对海丝特的灵与肉、爱与恨、生与死搏斗的赞歌。
一、纯洁爱的化身在霍桑看来。
海丝特是美的象征和爱的化身。
年轻健康美丽的海丝特与身材矮小且畸形多病的老头学究罗杰齐灵渥斯之间没有爱情可言。
小说中提到“当时在她还不谙世事之时，齐灵渥斯诱惑她，使她产生幻觉”，他妄想掩饰生理上的缺陷。
可以说她是不幸婚姻的牺牲品。
婚后他们决定移居北美。
她先动身起程，来到波士顿。
尔后，就一直没有见到丈夫的行踪。
她在波士顿独居了两年中齐灵渥斯杳无音训。
生死不明。
“非常可能。
她的丈夫已葬身海底了”。
海丝特在遭受这样的悲苦命运后．结识了英俊有才的青年牧师亚瑟．丁梅斯代尔。
彼此产生了真正的爱情(A m or ous)。
这种追求心灵纯洁的爱情却触犯了清教教义．被视为犯了“通奸罪”(A dul t e ry)．海丝特也因“通奸女犯”(A dul t e re ss)被判示众并终身佩戴这个作为耻辱标志的红字A。
霍桑认为．“罪恶是人类的天性，诚实者将它显露于外，道德君子则将它隐藏于内。
”他所探讨的道德现象的理论出发点不是别的．正是宗教的原罪意识。
海丝特与丁梅斯代尔的爱，即使是一种罪，也是源自人类始祖的一种原罪，是整个人类的罪恶，而非个人的原罪。
解读霍桑《红字》中海丝特的女权主义思想
外国文学研究3解读霍桑5红字6中海丝特的女权主义思想徐红艳5红字6是19世纪美国杰出的浪漫主义小说家纳撒尼尔#霍桑(N at han i el H a wthone ,1804)1864)的代表作。
它描述了美国最初移民时期,在北美殖民地新英格兰发生的一场悲剧。
在小说中霍桑成功地塑造了海丝特#白兰这个在政权、夫权、宗教权压迫下敢爱敢当的女性形象,同时也构建了自己所处时代的女权主义理想。
这部小说流畅的文字、敏锐的心理分析、寓意深刻的象征主义手法的运用,尤其是细致入微的心理分析,引起了一代又一代人们的兴趣和关注。
他在小说中塑造的海丝特形象,一百多年来引起了众多评论家的不同阐释。
一、女权主义思想的深层展示与体现方式1.海丝特的内心深处萌动着对女权的追求从表面上看,5红字6这部小说的表层结构主要是在描述海丝特和狄姆斯特尔之间的通奸行为,以及由这一事件而引发出的一系列矛盾。
而小说的深层结构是在讴歌与描写海丝特如何去战胜精神上的极大痛苦,揭示出海丝特的那种坚忍不拔的个性和不屈不挠的精神。
/对我们没有任何东西是神圣的,我们要打倒一切,包括我们自己。
0海丝特的女性思想就在于要打倒一切,打破束缚在人们心灵上的枷锁。
在断头台上,海丝特怀抱婴儿接受惩罚。
但是,尽管/她神情倨傲,但那些挤在一起看她的每个人的脚步声都会使她的心犹如被扔在街上,供人们踢蹴和践踏0。
她并没有因为在大庭广众之下受辱而产生对现实的厌弃和绝望,没有放弃对生命的爱,对爱情的追求。
在断头台上,她/站在这个令人凄伤的高处,她又看到老英格兰家乡的村庄,看到了她的老家,,她看到了父亲的脸,,她也看到了母亲的脸色,,她看到自己的脸,那是一张天真美丽,红光闪闪的脸,她的脸能使镜子里黯然无光的一切焕发出光彩0。
这是海丝特在同心灵上的痛苦做斗争。
在这一斗争的过程中,海丝特的那种/丰富的、复杂的、多棱角的性格0得到了深层次的展示。
2.海丝特敢于直接表达心声和思想海丝特还通过对男性占统治地位的社会的拒绝,表达了她与清教社会的针锋相对。
皈依上帝与道德的升华——评《红字》中的女主人公海丝特·白兰
皈依上帝与道德的升华——评《红字》中的女主人公海丝特白兰口秦皇岛职业技术学院外语系姚延文赵伟刘国斌摘要：《红字》中女主人公海丝特白兰胸前的“A”象征着多重寓意。
本文通过时A字分别象征“通奸”、“能干”、“值得尊敬”、和“天使”等寓意的分析。
对女主人公从犯下“原罪”到赎罪、重获新生的命运变化进行了一些探究。
关键词：《红字》；A；象征；寓意<红字》是美国十九世纪杰出的浪漫主义小说家纳撒尼尔-霍桑的成名佳作。
作品以北美殖民时期新英格兰地区为背景．将女主人公海丝特．白兰的命运与不断变化意义的“A”字紧紧地联系在一起．从而凸显出女主人公自我救赎的善良本性，谴责了清教统治的伪善与冷酷。
作品中的女主人公海丝特．白兰不幸嫁给了老医生齐林沃斯．在一次旅途中，与丈夫失散。
在寡居生活中，她和当地年轻的牧师丁梅斯代尔相爱并生下女儿珠儿。
根据当时的清教徒所制定的法律，通奸罪是不可饶恕的。
因而，被宣判终生佩带象征通奸(A dul t e ry)的红色“A”字以示惩罚。
“A”字成了罪孽和耻辱的标志。
海丝特与女儿在镇边顽强地生活．并处处帮助别人，终于赢得了人们的理解和尊敬。
“A”字也由标志着羞耻的“通奸”(A dul t e ry)变成了“能干”(A bl e)}、。
值得尊敬”(A m i abl e)以及天使(A ngel)的含义。
“A”字内涵的变化可以说代表着女主人公“犯罪”、“赎罪”以及“重生”的命运变化。
“A”字在英文中是“通奸(A dul t ery)”一词的第一个字母，而犯了通奸罪就必须在胸前佩带“A”字．并接受示众的严厉处罚。
在小说的开始，展现给读者的是白兰胸挂“A”字。
“A”字在这里代表着一种比肉体惩罚更深重、更严酷的精神的折磨．还象征着一种耻辱的标志。
因而独自一人承担着因“犯罪”而带来的一切惩罚与羞辱。
她承认了这种“罪行”并默默地接受着惩罚．并希望能够通过自己的善行来洗脱自己所犯下的。
罪行”。
因而，她忍辱负重。
《红字》中海斯特的性格症候论析-文档资料
《红字》中海斯特的性格症候论析纳撒尼尔?霍桑是19世纪美国杰出的浪漫主义作家,他的代表作《红字》是美国浪漫主义小说中最有声望的权威作品之一。
他在小说中象征手法的运用使得《红字》这部小说成为世界经典名著,也使得霍桑成为享誉世界的作家。
他在小说中探索人性的罪恶,用犀利的笔锋去讽刺邪恶,揭露道德的伪善,抨击宗教的狂想,揭示真理。
这使得看似简单的爱情悲剧之后却蕴含这丰富的思想内容。
女主人公海斯特是一个美丽善良的女人,但在婚姻上却很不幸。
年轻时嫁给了身体畸形的学者齐灵沃斯,但他们之间并没有爱情。
婚后两人移居波士顿。
齐灵沃斯先将妻子送到了那里,令人没有想到的是,在这之后的近两年间,他却杳无音讯,生死不明,海斯特孤独的过着日子。
这时英俊的青年牧师丁梅斯戴尔闯入了她的生活。
他们真诚的相爱,并有了爱情的结晶。
这件事的暴露使海斯特处于水深火热之中。
在殖民地的独居生活中,她犯下的通奸罪是为清教教义所不容的,按照当时的教规,海斯特只有交待了奸夫的姓名,才能得到宽恕,但是她却独自承受了这一切。
海斯特站在刑台上独自受罚,胸前戴着醒目的红字“A”。
毫无疑问,这字母一定有一种隐含的意义,而这种含义仿佛从这种神秘的象征中自然地涌现出来。
海斯特是一个饱受舆论和宗教谴责的犯下通奸罪行的少妇,她胸前的大红字母“A”是英语单词Adultery(通奸)的缩写。
海斯特犯下的罪行是不可饶恕的,是让人难以启齿的。
然而这却是小说表达的表层含义。
作者用近似褒奖的语言对红色字母作了这样的描绘:“以精细的红布作底,四周饰有雅致的刺绣和金线织成的奇巧花样,融汇了瑰丽的奇思妙想与精美的手工技艺。
”当海斯特站在刑台上时,她的第一个举动就是抱紧孩子,她这么做与其说是出于母爱的激情,不如说她想掩盖身上的标记,但当她意识到孩子也是一个耻辱的符号,用一个耻辱的标记去掩盖另一个,根本无济于事时,她用胳膊架着孩子,脸上露出了“高傲”的微笑。
“倘若在这群清教徒中有一个天主教徒,在看到这个怀抱婴孩,风采如画的盛装美妇人时,他也许会想起无数名画家竞相描绘的圣母像。
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了深黑色的眼睛。对大多数人来说， 她更像是上层阶级优
雅的女士。但霍桑的女性角色一般分为两大类 ， 金发疲惫
类型和黑头发性感的东方类型。海丝特 ・ 白兰属于后者，
她魅力十足， 并有略微的攻击性。由于她的爱是致命的， 所 以她代表着性犯罪， 但却是纯真的。年轻的海丝特的边界
是放肆的， 她的推动力是性。一个人只要随便看看她满头
士 。
５７ ・
山西 广 播 电视 大 学 学 报
２ ０ １ ４ 年第 １ 期
接受了她。但海丝特更关心丁梅斯代尔的生活。
（ 三） 保 护丁梅斯代 尔
一
般美丽， 使她 自己如一个优雅高贵的女士， 如人群中一位
女士所说： “ 这个标志多年来带来的痛苦一直在她心里ｏ ＂ Ｅ ３ ］ 如果所有事情都让海丝特感到羞辱， 在市场认出她 的丈夫 使她糟糕的感觉更加严重， 甚至更加害怕 了。当她被送回
所以她必须胸前佩戴代表着通奸耻辱的标记示众受辱她要为洗刷罪恶而守着训诫直到那耻辱的红字被刻在她的墓碑上但这并没有影响她的生活即使所有居民都对她敬而远之甚至用最不小心的话语去攻击由于她的仁爱居民们虽然有时候侮辱她但还是逐渐接受了她
第 １ 期 （ 总第 ９ ４ 期）
２ ０ １ ４年 ３月
山 西 广 播 电视 大 学 学 报
丝般华丽的黑发就会理解。但她却过着严谨的生活， 只有
一
次她放开了她美丽的头发。 ｜ １ （ 二） 渴望真爱
、
海丝特最初的形象： 勇敢而坚强
海丝特 ・ 白兰给读者留下了深刻的印象。她是一位以
极大勇气投身真爱的女性 ， 也是一位经历了艰辛生活、 渴望 自由的女性。她热爱生活， 竭尽所能在逆境 中奋斗着 。她
所有居民都对她敬而远之， 甚至用最不小心的话语去攻击 她。由于她的仁爱 ， 居民们虽然有时候侮辱她 ， 但还是逐渐
・
作 者简 介 ： 任志丽（ １ ９ ７ ９ ） ， 女， 山 西 洪 洞人 ， 忻Ｊ ． Ｊ ｛ 师 范学院， 讲 师， 硕
士 ；
韩景 峰 （ １ ９ ８ ０ ） ， 男 ，山 西 夏 县 人 ， 忻州师 范学院， 讲 师， 硕
Ｊ ｏ ｕ ｒ ｎ ａ ｌ ｏ ｆ Ｓ ｈ ａ ｎ ｘ ｉ ａ ｄ ｉ ｏ ＴＶ Ｕｎ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｉ ｔ ｙ
Ｎｏ ． １ Ｍａ ｒ ． ２Ｏｌ ４
錾 母
口任志丽 ， 韩景峰
ｆ ＝ 忻 州师范 学院 山西 昕州 ０ ３ ￣ ０ ０ ０ ）
摘 要 ：《 红 字》 是 美 国 １ ９世 纪 最 具 影 响 力 的小 说 家 霍 桑 的 经典 作 品 ， 其 中 的 女 主 角 海 丝 特 ・白 兰 被 认 为 与 受 人 尊 敬 的牧 师丁 梅 斯 代 尔通 奸 并 生 下 女 儿珠 儿 ， 因 此 佩 戴 上 红 字 “ Ａ” （ ” Ａｄ ｕ ｌ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｙ ” 的 象 征 ）作 为 清教 法 规 严 苛 无 情 的惩 罚 。霍 桑 通 过 塑 造 海 丝 特 这 个 形 象 向读 者 展 示 了清 教 观 ， 以 及 清 教
监狱时， 她太激动了， 甚至伤害她那可怜 的小宝贝。实际
上， 当海丝特真正的医生丈夫进来时， 她立即极度安静 了。 经过交谈， 海丝特答应保持他真正的身份。这使她觉得内
疚， 更充满危 机 。
受辱。尽管海丝特与丁梅斯代尔的爱情是真的， 但海丝特
是一位已婚妇女。他们犯罪了， 必须受到惩罚。
犯罪 ， 却表现勇敢 ， 敢于承认 自己的罪恶， 通过她的行为得
到救 赎 。 （ 一） 优雅 而美 丽的形象
海丝特出现时， 身材苗条 ， 极度优雅 ， 美丽的脸颊嵌入
收 稿 日期 ： ２ ０ １ ３ —１ Ｏ 一１ ２
罪恶而守着训诫， 直到那耻辱的红字被刻在她的墓碑上 ， 这 是一件多么丢脸的事啊 ！ 但这并没有影响她的生活， 即使
霍桑的《 红字》 被认为是美 国文学史上一部反映清教思 想的经典作品。作品中， 波士顿是 １ ７ 世纪英国的一个殖 民 地， 那里的清教思想深深影响着人们的生活。这部作 品的
女主角海丝特 ・ 白兰就是生活在这样的背景下 。 她虽身受 清教思想的影响， 却能以极大地勇气追求真爱， 虽经历了艰 苦的生活 ， 却渴望幸福生活的 自由。她美丽、 善良、 勇敢而 坚强。由于被认为通奸， 被迫在胸前佩戴红字“ Ａ” 来赎罪。 她通过极大的勇气和力量来抵抗清教主义的偏见， 最后， 由 于自己的善行获得了社会的拯救， 被社会所接受和尊重 。
观 对 人们 生 活 和 思 想 所 造 成 的影 响 。海 丝 特 最 初 是 勇敢 坚 强 的 ， 最 终 却在 清 教 社 会 的压 迫 下 ， 承 认 了
自 己的 罪 过 ， 并 通 过 艰 苦 工 作 ， 自我 提 升 得 到 救 赎 ，得 到 了社会 的 认 可 。
关 键 词 ：清 教 影 响 ；海 丝 特 的形 象 ；原 罪 ；救 赎 中 图分 类 号 ：Ｉ １ ０ ６ ． ４ 文 献标 识 码 ：Ａ 文 章 编 号 ：１ ０ ０ ８ －８ ３ ５ ０（ ２ ０ １ ４ ）０ １ 一Ｏ Ｏ ５ ７ 一Ｏ ３
海丝特虽入狱 ， 却拒绝坦 白孩子的父亲是谁 ， 她想保护
丁梅斯代尔， 尽管他很懦弱。海丝特犯罪后 ， 清教社会对她
立即执行法律 。“ 海丝特背叛了她的丈夫， 并对清教徒违背
了诚信原则 ， 所以在当时的清教社会， 她必须接受严厉的惩 罚。除了佩戴红色 的字母“ Ａ ” ， 她不得不在脚手架上公开
霍桑 出生在一个清教家庭， 深受清教主义影响， 严格的 处罚和对人精神的控制也使他极为反感 。他创造了犯罪的 海丝特ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 同时也称赞她的勇气和力量 。海丝特 以一个有吸 引力 、 优雅的贵妇出现， 这使她有别于城镇的普通人 。她虽
是一个美丽、 善 良、 勇敢、 坚强 的女人。海丝特嫁了一个 自