【县级公开课】英语句子成分及简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式

英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式Ⅰ. ▲句子成分分类1.主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如:We didn’t have enough time to think about problems by ourselves. We had to do muchhomework after class. She enjoys reading books and listening to music.Every coin has two sides(任何事物都有两面性)Three are enough.To spit in public is not polite. What to do next is not clear.Seeing English films is a good way to learn English well.Shopping on line has many advantages.What we need is food.▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。
如:It took two workers about three months to build the house.I t’s our duty to protect the environment.It’s very exciting not to have extra classes on holidays.It is important for us to obey traffic rules.On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to go online2.谓语:谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
句子成分和简单句五个基本句型

句子成分和简单句五个基本句型一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
(一)主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)2.We often speak English in class.(代词)3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)5.Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)6.The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(二)谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.(三)表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
英语句子成分及五种基本句型

1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner smells good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. Everything looks different.
一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
什么可以作谓语?
We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English.
及物动词 vt
My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. 不及物动词 vi
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾
例句 他时常弹吉他。 A
例句B 我想喝杯茶。
例句C 我不知道什么时候离开这儿。
例句 我承认伤害了你。 D
Tip 1
某些特定的动词习惯于用动词不定式作为其宾语,如: attempt,decide,expect,hope,learn,need, pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等
I’d like to have some coffee.
动词不定式
I enjoy working with you.
动名词
I think you are right.
宾语从句及复合宾语
I really don’t know what to do next.
思考: 一个句子中若可以存在宾语,其谓语动词应该具备 什么特点呢?
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾
【县级公开课】英语句子成分及简单句的五种基本句型

He passed me the dictionary?
( IO )( DO)
He passed the dictionary to me. 此类常见动词:pass,show, give, lend, hand, offer, tell, send, bring等
She bought me a beautiful dress.
5.-ing分词充当宾语。如: You won’t forget attending his farewell concert. They stopped smoking at last.
各个成分的功能
6.从句充当宾语。如: Do you know how serious the situation is ? I don’t understand what you mean.
f. 从句 The man who is coming toward
us is my English teacher.
六、 状语:(adverbial)
状语是修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子 成分; 按用途分,可分为时间,地点,原因,结果,目 的,条件,让步,程度,方式,伴随状况等。
a.副词 Who can write beautifully?
各个成分的功能
5.不定式充当主语。如: To study hard is your duty.
It’s not easy to look after a sick old man.
6.-ing分词充当主语。如: Spitting in public is not allowed.
It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. (形式)主语 (真正的)主语
英语句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型

.
各个成分的功能
2.代词充当主语。如: It rains quite often in spring.
3 数词充当主语。如: Two plus two makes four. Five will be enough.
4.名词化的形容词或-ed分词充当主语。 如: The disabled are well taken care of.
I heard the boy crying. He left the girl in the room.
八、 同位语 在一个句子中, 一个名词或
代词, 或相当于名词的短语或 从句, 放在另一个名词或代词 之后, 用以说明它的性质或情 况, 被称为同位语(Appositive). 可作 同位语的通常有:
各个二、成谓分语的功能
二、谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常 由_动__词___ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动 词,情态动词和助动词.
• 1. We love China. • 2. We have finished reading this book. • 3. He can speak English.
英语五co种nt基en本t 句型
4. S+V+ o + O 主+谓+间宾+直宾
He brought you a dictionary. He showed me how to run the machine.
英语五co种nt基en本t 句型
5. S+V+O +C 主+谓+复合结构
They painted the door green. We saw him out. He asked me to get back soon.
九年级上册Revision module A英语句子成分及简单句的五种基本句型

英语句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型一.句子成分英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1.主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。
但在iherebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:Country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)What we are going to do has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式).谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
1)简单谓语:We study for the people.2)复合i胃语:I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.2.表语:它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.(名词)Is it yours?(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty one.(数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)His hobby is playing football.(动名词)The ruler must be in your box.(介词短语)Time is up. The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)3.宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型

英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。
如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释

五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释英语句子分为简单句和复合句。
一个简单句中只有一个主谓结构。
复合句是由主句和从句构成,有至少两个主谓结构。
复合句的基础是简单句。
所以,学好简单句格外重要。
一. 简单句的五种基本句型。
1.主语+ 谓语Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
(Li Ming是主语;works是谓语。
)The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
(The accident是主语;happened是谓语)Spring is coming.春天就要来了。
(Spring是主语;is coming是谓语。
)2. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。
(Li Lei是主语,helps是谓语,me是宾语。
)She plans to travel in the coming May Day.她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
(She是主语,plans是谓语,to travel是宾语。
)I don’t know what I should do next.我不知道下一步该干什么。
(I是主语;don’t know是谓语,what I should do next是宾语。
)3. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
(This kind of food是主语,tastes是系动词,delicious是表语。
)He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(He是主语,looked是系动词,worried是表语。
)4. 主语+ 谓语+ 双宾语Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
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各个成分的功能
2.代词充当主语。如: It rains quite often in spring.
3 数词充当主语。如: Two plus two makes four. Five will be enough.
4.名词化的形容词或-ed分词充当主语。 如: The disabled are well taken care of.
5.-ing分词充当宾语。如: You won’t forget attending his farewell concert. They stopped smoking at last.
各个成分的功能
6.从句充当宾语。如: Do you know how serious the situation is ? I don’t understand what you mean.
介词to或for。
He passed me the dictionary?
( IO )( DO)
He passed the dictionary to me. 此类常见动词:pass,show, give, lend, hand, offer, tell, send, bring等
She bought me a beautiful dress.
各个成分的功能
7.从句充当主语(该从句称作主语从句)。 That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all. 关联词主语(从句) How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story. 关联词主语(从句)
( IO )( DO)
She bought a beautiful dress for me.
此类常见动词:buy, ook, get, make, sing等。
注意: 如果直接宾语是人称代词, 则间接宾语 必须后置, 并在其前加上介词to或for.
Here’s your report. Don’t forget to show it to your parents.
各个成分的功能
△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语, 必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.
They can speak English well. They will go there tomorrow.
各个成分的功能
三、宾语 宾语(object)表示动作的承受者,在句中一 般放在及物动词之后。 宾语的主要类型:名词、代词、副词、不 定式、-ing分词、从句等。(能做主语的词) 1.名词充当宾语。如:
Dry wood catches fire easily.
2.代词充当宾语。如: We can invite them to our party.
各个成分的功能
3.副词充当宾语。如: The athletes left there just now.
4.不定式充当宾语。如: Remember to bring your cell phone.
各个二、成谓分语的功能
二、谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常 由_动__词___ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动 词,情态动词和助动词.
• 1. We love China. • 2. We have finished reading this book. • 3. He can speak English.
各个成分的功能
d. 数词 One plus one is two.
各个成分的功能
5.不定式充当主语。如: To study hard is your duty.
It’s not easy to look after a sick old man.
6.-ing分词充当主语。如: Spitting in public is not allowed.
It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. (形式)主语 (真正的)主语
各个成分的功能
四、 表语:
表语主要用于表述主语的特征,状态,身份 等。它位于_连__系__动__词__后,构成系表结构。
各个成分的功能
表Ad示d状yo态ur title
系动词
be
A一dd直yo保ur持title
keep, remain,stay
看A起dd来yo,ur似tit乎le
seem, appear
感Ad官d系yo动ur词title look, sound, smell , taste, feel
become, turn ,fall, grow, get,
变得
go, come, run
a.名词 His father is a teacher.
b. 代词 This book is mine.
c. 形容词或分词短语 The leaves turn yellow in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting.
英语句子成分 和
简单句的五种基本句型
Members of the Sentence
英语句子成分
CcOoNnTtEeNnTt S
什么是句子成分
定义:句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。 句子成分有:
主语、谓语、宾语、表语 、 定语、状语、补语、同位语
各个成分的功能
一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。主 语一般位于__句_首___ 。 主语的主要类型包括:名词、代词、数词、名词化 的形容词或-ed分词、不定式、-ing分词和(主语) 从句等。
双宾语
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语: 直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语 (Indirect Object), 称为双宾语. 这两个宾语往往一个指人(一般为间接宾语), 另一个指物(一般为直接宾语).
He gave me a book.
间接宾语
直接宾语
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。有时为了强调 间接宾语,也可以将直接宾语放在间接宾语之前,要借助于