简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本类型

简单句（Simple Sentences）就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子

----它的结构就是这么简单,所以才叫简单句的啊!

按结构分

一个完整的简单句由“主语部分+谓语部分”构成

The man is a teacher.

主语部分谓语部分

He works hard.

主语部分谓语部分

He teaches English well.

主语部分谓语部分

哲学上说: 运动是绝对的静止是相对的

造句的关键就在于动词

一般而言,每个句子都应该有个动词( 除了省略句外)

连系动词be (am is are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持

look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)

become / turn / get / grow 变得

主要动词

动词

行为动词不及物动词laugh / smile / look / listen

及物动词see / hear / drink / eat

助动词be (am / is /are / was / were)

do / does / did

have / has / had

will / shall / be going to

辅助动词

情态动词can / may / must / shall / need

could / should / would / might

have (has) to / had better

表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的就/才是表语!

He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good.

He looks / seems ill.

The apple tastes nice.

Trees turn green.

Your idea sounds good.

主语连系动词表语

狗咬人。

主语谓语宾语

人咬狗。

主语谓语宾语

什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢?!

及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drink / eat / …

I saw him last week.

We heard the bad news yesterday.

They eat bread every day.

He drank a glass of milk just now.

不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …

She smiled happily.

They laughed loudly.

如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:

She look at the blackboard carefully.

He listened to his teacher in class.

They laughed at us after the match.

不及物动词

主谓结构（SV）=主语+谓语动词

The worker ran fast.

The doctor listened carefully.

The duck is swimming

The girl dances well.

及物动词

主谓宾结构（SVO）=主语+谓语+宾语

He is playing the guitarnow.

He played soccer yesterday

有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了

They fly the kites. 他们放风筝。

The kites fly in the sky . 风筝在天上飞。

及物动词

主谓双宾结构（SVOiOd）=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

She teaches us.

She teaches English.

She teaches us English.

She told me a story.

He gave me a present.

可以用于这种句式的动词主要有

(A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do

He bought me a new bike.

也可以改为for sb. 的句式He bought a new bike for me.

(B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand

She lent me a book.

也可以改为to sb. 的句式She lent a book to me.

及物动词

主谓宾宾补结构（SVOC）=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语

He told me to clean my room

I saw her dancing.

Our teacher asks us to read English every day.

总结：简单句5种基本句型

主语＋谓（不及物动词）

She came．/ My father laughed.

主语＋谓（及物动词）＋宾语

She likes English.

主语＋系动词＋表语

She is happy．

主语＋谓＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

She gave John a book．

She bought a book for me.

主语＋谓＋宾语＋宾语补语

She makes her mother angry．

The teacher asked me to read the passage.

[1] 主系表型

She is a very good girl .

(主语) (连系动词) (表语)

The girl is very good.

(主语) (连系动词) (表语)

[2] 主谓型

<1>主谓式: They ‖laughed. The kites ‖fly in the sky.

(主语) (谓语动词) (主语) (谓语动词)