第一讲 概论：国际政治与国际经济

第一讲 概论：国际政治与国际经济
Introduction: International Politics and International Economics
Ⅰ. 国际政治经济学的研究对象
What is International Political Economy
Ⅱ. 国际政治经济的不同观察视角
What is IPE
Most markets are governed by certain fundamental laws that operate more or less independently of the will of firms and individuals. At the base of all modern economics is the general assertion that, within certain carefully specified parameters, markets operate in and of themselves to maintain balance between supply and demand. But such markets are only highly stylized or abstract models, which are rarely reproduced in the real world.
When combined
International – domestic division
All observers agree that in a complex world, both global and national forces are important. But different analysts place different emphases on the importance of one or the other. The international – domestic division is at the base of many debates within international political economy, as in the world at large.
Short History of IPE
Economics: understanding the operation of specific markets (law of supply and demand) and their interaction with mathematical techniques.
Second: economic issues became politicized while political systems became increasingly preoccupied with economic affairs as the stability and prosperity of the first 25years(golden ages in the West) postwar years started to disintegrate in the early 1970s. (end of Bretton Woods System, Oil Crisis and the function of OPEC)
What is IPE
Economy—the system of producing, distributing, and using wealth
What is IPE
Politics ---- the set of institutions and rules by which social and economic interactions are governed by power
After 1970: The resurgence of political economy, especially in terms of international level.
What is IPE
Social scientists, especially political scientists, have spent decades trying to understand how political pressures interact to produce government policy. Indeed, until a century ago, virtually all thinkers concerned with understanding human society wrote about political economy. For Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, the economy was eminently political and politics was tied to economic phenomena.
Political Science: studying the politics as an activity that had a logic of its own just because of the rise of modern representative political institutions, mass political parties, more politically informed populations, and modern bureaucracies.
Contending Perspectives on International Political Economy
Ⅲ. 国际政治经学的三大理论流派
Three Alternative Views of International Economy
What is IPE
Definitions
1) International political economy 2) Economy 3) Politics 4) State 5) Market
(1) and (4) derived from the first dimension (division) in the analysis of IPE
(2) and (3) from the second dimension
Introduction
Contending Perspectives on International Political Economy
International – domestic division
Domestically minded scholars focus on domestic political and economic pressures – the electoral importance of certain (such as the auto-factory) regions; the economic centrality of a certain sector to the countries; government concern about the broad, national ramifications of some industries; political clout of trade unions etc.
Short History of IPE
First: dissatisfaction among academics with the gap between abstract models of political and economic behavior, on the one hand, and the actual behavior of polities and economies, on the other.
1. International – domestic division (relationship between the international and domestic political economies)
2. State – society division (relationship between the state or national government and social forces)
Contending Perspectives on International Political Economy
Internationally minded scholars focus on the function of realities inherent in the international system, such as the existence of a leading, hegemonic power and the eventual decline of that state; the response to the rise power; the change of international system; and the function of the international institutions.
What is IPE
Short History of IPE
19th century: Few Scholars described and analyzed politics and economic independently of each other.
Around the turn of the 20th century: Professional studies of economics and politics became increasingly divorced from one another.