it做形式主语的主语从句
It作形式主语

It作形式主语和形式宾语,虽然是我们高中就学过的语法点,但在考研英语题型中,无论是在阅读还是翻译,常会考查该知识点。
一.it作形式主语。
英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时主语往往显得很长,使整个句子看上去有点头重脚轻,这样就借助“it”来作形式上的主语,而把真正的主语移到句子后边去,使全句结构上前后平衡。
“it”并无实际意义。
It之后的谓语部分,可以是be+形容词,be+名词(词组),或be+过去分词等。
it 作形式主语,主要分为下列三种情况:不定式作主语、动名词作主语和名词从句作主语。
具体分析如下:一、不定式作真正主语主要用于下列句型:1. It + is/was + adj./n.+ to do sth.A.名词作表语。
主要有a pity, a pleasure, an idea等。
It is a good idea to think this way. 这样考虑问题是个好办法除be外,其他动词也有跟名词的情况。
例如:It seems a pity to waste the food. 浪费这些食物真可惜。
B. 形容词或形容词短语作表语。
分两种情况:1.下列形容词;kind,good,nice,clever,wrong,right,foolish,wise,unwise,stupid,rude,careless,cruel,brave ,naughty,polite,selfish等词作表语时,不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况。
形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征,即形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等。
例如:It was foolish of you to leave school.你中途退学,真是傻瓜。
2. 其他形容词作表语,常见的形容词有:necessary, hard,important, difficult, easy, possible,common等。
it作为形式主语的十大考点

it作为形式主语的十大考点大家都知道,动名词、不定式或者名词性从句作主语的时候,经常用it作形式主语,而把这类真正的主语放在句末。
It作形式主语是中考英语的一个重要考点,是每年中考必考的语法点。
也是我们初中阶段学习的一个难点。
但是,所谓的难,也是因为我们掌握的不够系统,英语的学习,由于细小的语言点比较多,这就需要我们在学习的过程中不断的总结和归纳。
今天就个大家总结了it作为形式主语的十个比较常考的考点,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,更希望能分享给更多需要的朋友。
同学们可以通过所给的例句,记住下面的公式:1、It’s +形容词/名词+(for sb. / sth)+to do sth可以用于这类句型的形容词和名词以及例句如下:2、It’s +形容词+of sb. +to do sth这个句型是同学们最容易丢分的,大家需要知道在这个句型中,形容词是描述人的品德、特征。
同学们看一下能用于这个句型的形容词和例句:3、It’s +形容词/名词+doing sth在这个句型中,常见的形容词和名词有:no /little use, no/much good, useless等。
例如:It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is no good talking about other’s faults.4、It’s +形容词+that…能用于这个句型的形容词有:possible, important, impossible, necessary, strange, natural, surprising, obvious, true, likely, unusual等。
除了true, likely, obvious这三个词外,其他的词后面that从句一般要用虚拟语气,(should+动词原形)should可以省略。
大家看下面例句:5、It’s +名词+that…在这个句型中,常用的名词有:fact, honor, belief, good thing / news, (no)wonder, no doubt, pity, shame等。
高考英语 备考之it作形式主语和形式宾语

高考备考英语之it作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词,用来表示动物或无生命的物体等,也可以作无人称代词,在句中作主语,表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。
它还可以引导强调句,使语气得以加强。
此外,it在句中能作引导词,充当句子中的形式上的成分,如形式主语、形式宾语等。
㈠ it作形式主语:it作形式主语时没有具体的意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去,使句子显得平稳一些。
it 作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式:不定式、动名词和主语从句。
⒈ it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中:It + be +形容词 + (for/of sb.) to do sth.It + be + 名词 + to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务如:①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。
( it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law)②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的。
( it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese)③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps)④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
( it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge)⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
1.考研英语翻译技巧——it形式主语句型

考研英语翻译技巧——it形式主语句型考研英语中,形式主语通常是指it作形式主语的情况。
在翻译时,我们一般都将其处理为固定词组,置于句首。
形式主语分为以下两种:①It is+v-ed+thatIt is said that...据说……;It is reported that...据报道……;It is estimated that...据估计……;It is suggested that...据建议……;It must be admitted that…必须承认……;It should be realized that...应该意识到……;It can be found that...可以发现……;It is agreed that...大家一致认为……;It cannot be denied that…不能否认……;It may be said without fear of exaggeration that…毫不夸张的说……②It is +adj.+thatIt is clear/certain/natural/necessary that...是很明显/很肯定的/很自然/很有必要的。
例如:It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.奇怪的是,她并没有看到自己的缺点。
考研英语中,it作形式主语的情况常出现在主语从句中,且以It 作形式主语置于句首,而that引导的真正的主语从句置于句末。
主要有两种情况:it形式主语+主语从句;it形式主语+不定式。
下面我们将通过真题例句,介绍这两种情况下句子的翻译技巧。
一、it形式主语+主语从句真题例句1:It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(2009年考研英语(一)真题46题)技巧透析:这里it是形式主语,可以直接翻译为“可以说……”。
“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解

it作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词,用来表示动物或无生命的物体等,也可以作无人称代词,在句中作主语,表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。
它还可以引导强调句,使语气得以加强。
此外,it在句中能作引导词,充当句子中的形式上的成分,如形式主语、形式宾语等。
㈠it作形式主语:it作形式主语时没有具体的意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去,使句子显得平稳一些。
it作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式:不定式、动名词和主语从句。
1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中:It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth.It + be + 名词+ to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务如:①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。
(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law)②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的。
(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese)③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps)④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge)⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
it作形式主语与形式宾语

it作形式主语与形式宾语形式主语形式主语是动词不定式的一种,它也是逻辑主语, 可以把它归类到逻辑主语的第一种(不定式的逻辑主语)。
用作宾语的不定式,用作目的状语的不定式,用作结果状语的不定式都是属于不定式的大概念里面的。
详细用法综述形式主语it作为形式主语的it并无实际语义,只是为满足语法上的需要,避免句子头重脚轻,它代替的是句子的逻辑主语,概括起来会有如下情况:➢句子的逻辑主语为不定式如:It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time.It is my pleasure to address the meeting.It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own.➢句子的逻辑主语为从句如:It so happened that the tickets were sold out.It is extremely obvious that she has been lying about her identity.It suddenly occurred to me that the message must have been hidden between the layers of the briefcase.➢句子的逻辑主语为动名词短语这类句子远不如前面两种出现率高,主要在(no good, waste, useless, no use, dangerous)等词语的后面用。
如:It is no use reasoning with him.It is no good reading in dim light.作形式主语的代词只能用it,不能用that、this等词。
例如:1)It is easier to lose friends than to make friends. 交朋友难而失去朋友比较容易。
It作形式主语后面跟where引导的主语从句

It作形式主语后面跟where引导的主语从句It has not been decided yet that When they will start and where they go.我觉得这个句子没必要变成it形式主语的这个还是要单数的(1)It + be + 名词 + that从句。
It is common knowledge that是常识。
It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是。
It is a fact that 事实是。
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句。
It is necessary that 有必要。
It is important that 重要的是。
It is obvious that 很明显。
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句。
It is believed that 人们相信。
It is known to all that 众所周知。
It has been decided that 已决定。
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句。
It appears that 似乎。
It happens that 碰巧。
It occurred to me that 我突然想起。
另注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that。
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that。
哪些从句作主语时可用it作形式主语

哪些从句作主语时可用it作形式主语原则上说,it用作形式主语可以代替下列从句:1. that从句It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很显然,他读过这本书。
(HM)2. what从句It doesn’t matter what he says. 他说什么没关系。
(HM)It was clear enough what he meant. 他的意思是很明显的。
3. who从句It hasn’t been decided who will be sent to work there. 还没决定将派谁到那里工作。
4. how从句It struck her how gentle he was being. 她深深感到他多么温存。
5. when从句It hasn’t been made clear when the conference is to take place. 会议什么时候召开还没有宣布。
6. where从句It’s not known where she we nt. 她到哪里去了没人知道。
It did not matter much where he lived. 他在哪里住都没有关系。
7. why从句It was clear why he had asked for a conference. 他为什么要求召开会议原因很清楚。
8. whether从句It makes little difference whether we go or stay. 我们去还是留没有多大差别。
It’s not yet settled whether I am going to America. 我去不去美国还没定。
it用作形式主语代替动名词主要用于哪些句式it用作形式主语代替动名词的用法主要见于以下句式:1. It is no use (no good, fun, great fun, a new experience, a great honour, etc) doing sth。
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It is + 形容词 + 从句
可以放在主语从句中的形容词有: necessary 必要的
obvious 显然的
wonderful 棒极了的
unusual 不寻常的surprising 源自人意料的certain 确定的
worthwhile 值得的
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It is + 形容词 + 从句 ( practice)
• 你能在这儿陪我真好 (wonderful) It is wonderful (that you are here with me).
2. It is + 形容词 + 从句 e.g. It is true that Leen is very popular.
3. It is + 动词的过去分词 +从句 e.g. It is said that Leen is very popular.
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Learn them one by one
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It is + 名词 + 从句
可以放在主语从句中的名词有:
a pity 遗憾
a wonder 奇迹
a good thing 好事
a surprise 意外,惊喜
an honor 荣幸
a miracle 奇迹
a secret 秘密
common knowledge 常识
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It is + 名词 + 从句 ( practice)
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Outline
• Common oral mistakes 常见口语错误
• Subject clause reviewing主语从句复习 • It 做形式主语的主语从句
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• 你能过来吗? Can you come over ?
• 你说什么? What did you say?
• 你以为你是谁? Who do you think you are?
• 大家都在期望他们在一起
(That they are together) is expected by everyone.
It is expected by everyone that they are together.
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To sum up…
1. It is + 名词 + 从句 e.g. It is a fact that Leen is very popular.
• 你对我有感觉是我莫大的荣幸(honor) It is a great honor (that you have feelings for me).
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Learn them one by one
It is + 形容词 + 从句
It is natural (that you love me at first sight). It is strange (that you don’t like Leen). It is possible (that you will like Leen). It is true (that you look great in this uniform).
• 是什么引起了那场火灾还是一个迷(mystery) it is still a mystery (what caused the fire).
• 照顾好孩子是你的责任(responsibility)
It is your responsibility (to take care of the children).
• 你做完课件了吗?/是的,我完成了 Have you finished your courseware? / yes, I have.
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Don’t make mistakes in oral English
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用it做形式主语
• 你是否喜欢我这个问题困扰着我 • (Whether you like me or not) bothers me. • It bothers me (whether you like me or not). *避免头重脚轻,所以用it做形式主语
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• 你说什么并不重要 (What you say) is not important. It is not important (what you say ).
• 你爱我是个奇迹 (That you love me) is a miracle. It is a miracle(that you love me).
• 我想要取消今晚的一节课 I want to cancel a class for tonight
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• 我好久没有说英语了 I long time no say English (wrong) I haven’t spoken English for a long time.
• 你今天来吗? You come today? (wrong) Are you coming today?
*It is + 名词 + 从句
It is a fact (that I will throw a party tonight).
It is good news (that you will come).
It is a question (whether they would come).
It is common sense (that we should not drink too much wine).
• 到时候再看吧
We’ll see what happens.
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• 你能帮我升级吗? Can you help me upgrade my level?
• 你觉得怎么样? What do you think? / What do you say?
• 你能帮我签一下课吗? Could you sign a class for me?
1.No money, no honey. 没金钱,就没爱情 2.No regrets.绝不后悔 3.No interest.没兴趣 4.No confidence.没自信 5.No problem.没问题 6.No way.没门儿 7.No wonder怪不得 8.No comments不予置评 9.No big deal.没啥大不了的. 10.No funny stuff.不要搞鬼