Elongation Measurement for Copper Nickel foils铜镍层延展性测试标准英文版
钟表中英文对照术语表
钟表中英文对照术语表，希望对各位表迷有所帮助10J — 10天动力储备Abbreviation for 10 days power reserve in the Patek Philippe typology。
在百达翡丽而言是“10 days power reserve - 10天动力储备”的缩写.24H — 24小时表盘Abbreviation for ”24—hour dial”，in the Patek Philippe typology。
在百达翡丽而言是“24—hour dial — 24 小时表盘"的缩写.Amplitude —摆幅Measurement in degrees of the movement of a balance and spring assembly：amplitude is the angle between the position of equilibrium and its maximum elongation.测量摆轮游丝装置的摆动角度：摆幅即是游丝装置的平衡位置与最大距角之间的角度。
Analogue —指针式时间显示Refers to time display using hands.指采用指针来显示时间.Aperture —视窗、孔径Dial opening revealing the indications provided on discs rotating under the dial.表盘上的开孔，可看见表盘下的转盘的显示信息。
Applique - 镶刻Raised numeral or hour-marker, applied to or riveted to the dial. At Patek Philippe，appliques are always in gold and are sometimes diamond-set.固定在表盘上的凸起数字或时间刻度。
眼镜英语相关专业术语
Nose bridge 鼻中 Tip 脚套Temple 脚丝 Plating 电镀Printing 印字 Lase 镭射Spectacle frames 眼镜架 Sunglasses 太阳眼镜Sports spectacles 运动眼镜 kid's eyewear 儿童眼镜Reading glasses 老花镜 Contact lens 隐形眼镜Glass optical lenses 玻璃镜片 Plastic optical lenses 塑胶镜片Sunglasses lenses, sun clips 太阳镜片、镜夹 Progressive lenses 渐进多焦点镜片Photochromic lenses 变色镜片 Othro k lenses 角膜矫形接确镜片Optical blanks 镜片毛胚 Accessories for contact lens 隐形眼镜附件Spectacle spare parts and accessories 眼镜零件及配件 Components of frames 镜架组件Spectacle cases & accessories 眼镜盒及附件 Eyecare products and solution for lenses and contace lenses 眼睛护理产品及隐形眼镜洁液Spectacle cases & accessories 眼镜盒及其它配件 Lens demisting cloths and solutions 镜片除雾喷剂及清洁布Spectacle assembling & adjusting tools 眼镜加工、装配、调较工具 Visual test equipment 验眼设备Edger 磨边机 Eyeglasses and frame making machinery 眼镜架制造机械Lens manufacturing and processing machinery 镜片造机械及加工机械 Contact lens processing machinery 隐形眼镜加工机械Lathe 车床 Coating machine 镀膜机Coating materials 镀膜原料 Electroplating equipment, welding machine 电镀机械、焊接机械Price labeling, stamp printing and screen printing mahcinery 标签机、移印机、丝网印刷 Ultrasonic cleaning equipment 超声波清洁仪器Ophthalmic products 眼科用品 Concentrates for ultrasonic cleaning 超声波清洁剂Lens grinding and polishing filtration systems 镜片研磨及抛光过滤系统 Optical processing equipmentand materials 光学加工设备及原料Measurement instrucments for optical elements and systems 光学用品及系统之测量仪器 Store and workshop fitting and furniture 眼镜店及工场设备及家具Moulds for ophthalmic lenses 镜片模具 Raw materials for frames 眼镜原料Raw materials for lenses 镜片原料 Lens abrasive and polishing materials 打磨镜片原料Electroplating, welding materials 电镀、焊接原材料Opto-laser equipment and instruments 激光科技设备和仪器光学仪器类slit illumination 裂隙灯 diopter 屈光度 sphere 球镜cylinder 柱镜 prism 棱镜 magnification 放大倍率diameter 直径 dimensions 尺寸 light spot 光斑fixation lamp 固视灯 led 发光二极管 filter 滤色片lensmeter 焦度计 metal rim 金属圈 PD meter 瞳距仪Pupil Distance 瞳距 Vertex Distance 顶点距 Chart 视标View tester 验光仪 Cutting device 切割刀 Pattern maker 制模机Cutting needle 划针 Layout blocker 中心仪 Hand edger 手动磨边机Lens groover 开槽机 Polisher 抛光机 Polishing stick 抛光膏Drilling machine 钻孔机 Bench drilling machine 台式钻孔机 Drill bit 钻头Lock opener 锁开 Milling cutting 铣刀 Fuse 保险丝Handle 手柄 Center locator 中心定位器 Drill chuck 钻夹头Dial 刻度盘 Frame heater（warmer）烘架机 Heating coil 发热丝Ultrasonic cleaner 清洗机 Combined table 验光组合台 Optometry box 验光盘Grinding wheel 砂轮 Trial lens set 验光镜片箱 Refractometer 验光仪Chart projector 投影仪 Keratometer 角膜曲率仪 Welding machine 焊接机Spray cleaning machine 喷淋清洗机材料配件类Monel 锰料 Stainless Steel 不锈钢 pure Titanium 纯钛Titanium Alloy 钛合金 B-Ti B钛 Elongation 伸长率Tensile strenghth 抗拉强度 high nickel copper alloy 高镍合金 nickelfree alloy 无镍合金nicklfree stainless steel 无镍不锈钢 annealing temperture 退火温度 percent 含量density 密度 melting point 熔点 solidus 固相点liquidus 液相点 physical properties 物理性能 chemical composition 化学组成hinge 铰链 rim wire 框线 round wire 圆线cylinding grinding wheels 筒形砂轮 flaring cup wheels 碗形砂轮 diamod plain wheels 平形砂轮grinding ccoolant 切削液 lens coating liquid 护镜液 polishing powder 抛光粉polishing liquid 抛光液 polishing wheel 抛光轮 plating case 电镀盒plastic case 塑料盒 alumium oxide case 氧化铝盒 rocket screwdrivers 六角螺丝刀mini ring wrenches/nutdrivers 微型戒指扳手 radian apparatus 弧度表thickness apparatus 厚度表adhesive tape 粘片 calipers 量具 nut driver 套筒files set 锉刀 drill bits 钻咀 screwdrivers blades 螺丝刀头镜片类hard resin lens 树脂镜片 round-top bifocal lens 圆顶双关镜片 flat-top bifocal lens 平顶双光镜片aspheric hard resin lens 非球面树脂镜片 Non-coated lens 基片（NC） hard coated lens 加硬镜片（HC）Hard & Multi-coated 加硬加膜片（HMC） Hard & Multi-coated,EMI Defending Coating 加硬加膜防辐射片（HMC+EMI） RX Lens-High Index 高散光片color shade 色差 deformation 变形 shrinkage 缩水light transmission 透光率 de-lamination 分裂脱层 abbe value 阿贝数raw material 原材料 catalysis 催化作用 polymerization 聚合作用tinted lens 染色镜片 photochromic lens 变色镜片 spherical 球面的眼镜展词汇Machinery, tools and equipment for opticalworkshopsMachinery, tools and equipment for frames andlenses industryStore and workshop furniture and fittingsSample cases and displaysParts and eyeglassesSpecial treatmentsRaw materialsData processing systems for opticsTrade-technical and scientific pressOptical Show and ExhibitionsOthers eyewear-related production typesSport gogglesGogglesEyeglass cases and accessoriesMicroscopes-binoculars-barometeresand magnifying glasses and lensesOptical and ophthalmological lensesContact lensesSunglass lensesLenses for the sport activitiesAccessories and solutions for lensesFrames, Lenses & AccessoriesSpectacle framesSunglassesSports GlassesKids eyewearReading glassesContact lensAccessories for contact lensSpectacle spare parts and accessoriesGlass optical lensesPolyresin lensSunglass lenses, sun-clipsEyecare products and solution for lenses and contact lens Progressive lensesPhotochromic lensesUncut Optical Lensoptical BlanksSpectacle Cases & AccessoriesMolds For Ophthalmic LensesOthro K LensesPlastic Optical LensesVisual test equipmentEyeglasses and frame making machineryLens Manufacturing machineryContact lens processing machineryLens production and processing machineryLatheCoating machineVacuum coating materialsElectroplating equipment, welding machinePrice labeling, stamp printing and screen printing machinery Plastic Processing MachineryRaw materials for framesRaw materials for lensesLens abrasive and polishing materialsUltrasonic cleaning equipmentConcentrates for ultrasonic cleaningLens grinding, polishing and filtration systemsOptical processing equipment and materialsMeasuring Instruments For Optical Elements And SystemsLens Cleaning and demisting cloths and solutionsStore and workshop fittings and furnitureComponents for metal-frames; brazing materialsSpectacle assembling & adjusting toolsEdgerElectroplating, welding materialsOpto-Laser Equipment and InstrumentsOphthalmologyInstruments for optometry and ophthalmologyOphthalmic productsTechnical & scientific publications and servicesAssociationsExhibition & ConferencesOthers ( please specify )Glass optical lensesSunglass lenses, sun-clipsPlastic Optical Lenses专业术语Nose bridge 鼻中Tip 脚套Temple 脚丝Plating 电镀Printing 印字Lase 镭射PATTERN模片Spectacle frames 眼镜架Sunglasses 太阳眼镜Sports spectacles 运动眼镜kid's eyewear 儿童眼镜Reading glasses 老花镜Contact lens 隐形眼镜Glass optical lenses 玻璃镜片Plastic optical lenses 塑胶镜片Sunglasses lenses, sun clips 太阳镜片、镜夹Progressive lenses 渐进多焦点镜片Photochromic lenses 变色镜片Othro k lenses 角膜矫形接确镜片Optical blanks 镜片毛胚Accessories for contact lens 隐形眼镜附件Spectacle spare parts and accessories 眼镜零件及配件Components of frames 镜架组件Spectacle cases & accessories 眼镜盒及附件Eyecare products and solution for lenses and contace lenses 眼睛护理产品及隐形眼镜洁液Spectacle cases & accessories 眼镜盒及其它配件Lens demisting cloths and solutions 镜片除雾喷剂及清洁布Spectacle assembling & adjusting tools 眼镜加工、装配、调较工具Visual test equipment 验眼设备Edger 磨边机Eyeglasses and frame making machinery 眼镜架制造机械Lens manufacturing and processing machinery 镜片造机械及加工机械Contact lens processing machinery 隐形眼镜加工机械Lathe 车床Coating machine 镀膜机Coating materials 镀膜原料Electroplating equipment, welding machine 电镀机械、焊接机械Price labeling, stamp printing and screen printing mahcinery 标签机、移印机、丝网印刷Ultrasonic cleaning equipment 超声波清洁仪器Ophthalmic products 眼科用品Concentrates for ultrasonic cleaning 超声波清洁剂Lens grinding and polishing filtration systems 镜片研磨及抛光过滤系统Optical processing equipmentand materials 光学加工设备及原料Measurement instrucments for optical elements and systems 光学用品及系统之测量仪器Store and workshop fitting and furniture 眼镜店及工场设备及家具Moulds for ophthalmic lenses 镜片模具Raw materials for frames 眼镜原料Raw materials for lenses 镜片原料Lens abrasive and polishing materials 打磨镜片原料Electroplating, welding materials 电镀、焊接原材料Opto-laser equipment and instruments 激光科技设备和仪器部件镜框：FRAME铰链：HINGE弹簧脚链： SPRING HINGE一体弹簧脚： MONO SPRING HINGE脚套： TIP鼻托（托叶）：NOSE PARDS鼻须（酒杯）：NOSE ARM镜脚： TEMPLE电镀： PLATE全框：FULL FRAME半框：HALF FRAME无框：RIMELESS金属框：METAL FRAME塑胶框：PLASTIC FRAME中梁： BRIDGE眼镜行业专业术语2Night Driving Optics夜間護目鏡(夜視鏡)Laser Protection OpticsAmber Optics太陽護目鏡(太陽鏡)Computer Optics電腦護目鏡Correction PD-Vision Optics視力矯正鏡Reading Eyewear老花鏡Sun-Telescope太陽望遠鏡Top Sun-Drive Optics太陽護目鏡(太陽鏡)Sports & Fishing Optics運動休閒多功能護目鏡(偏光鏡) Welding Optics焊接用護目鏡Industrial Safety Optics工業用(家庭用)護目鏡AC 壓克力非球面老花鏡片Acrylic Aspheric Reading LensesPC 聚碳酸樹脂非球面老花鏡片Polycarbonate Aspheric Reading Lenses AC壓克力雙光老花鏡片Acrylic Bifocal Reading LensesPC雙光老花鏡片PC Bifocal Reading LensesAC 壓克力近視鏡片Acrylic Myopia LensesPC 近視鏡片PC Myopia LensesAC 漸進多焦點鏡片Acrylic Progressive Reading lenses 多層膜電鍍鏡片Anti-Reflection Coating/WaterPC平光鏡片PC No Diopter Round Lenses眼镜行业专业术语2Night Driving Optics夜間護目鏡(夜視鏡)Laser Protection OpticsAmber Optics太陽護目鏡(太陽鏡)Computer Optics電腦護目鏡Correction PD-Vision Optics視力矯正鏡Reading Eyewear老花鏡Sun-Telescope太陽望遠鏡Top Sun-Drive Optics太陽護目鏡(太陽鏡)Sports & Fishing Optics運動休閒多功能護目鏡(偏光鏡) Welding Optics焊接用護目鏡Industrial Safety Optics工業用(家庭用)護目鏡AC 壓克力非球面老花鏡片Acrylic Aspheric Reading LensesPC 聚碳酸樹脂非球面老花鏡片Polycarbonate Aspheric Reading Lenses AC壓克力雙光老花鏡片Acrylic Bifocal Reading LensesPC雙光老花鏡片PC Bifocal Reading LensesAC 壓克力近視鏡片Acrylic Myopia LensesPC 近視鏡片PC Myopia LensesAC 漸進多焦點鏡片Acrylic Progressive Reading lenses 多層膜電鍍鏡片Anti-Reflection Coating/WaterPC平光鏡片PC No Diopter Round Lenses眼光配镜配眼镜Filling a pre****ion眼镜架frames圆形眼镜架round frames椭圆形眼镜架oval frames长方形眼镜架rectangular frames验光师optometrist验眼报告prescription镜片刮花scratch隐型眼镜contact lens实色 solid color双色喷漆 two-tone painted帽仔镜 LENTE CULAR 简称 LENTE 是专为白内障患者术后视力矫正设计,非球面设计,减少厚度和视物变形,视野清晰自然,佩戴舒适。
太阳镜行业英语词汇
Spectacle spare parts and accessories眼镜零件及配件
Components of frames镜架组件
Spectacle cases & accessories眼镜盒及附件
Eyecare products and solution for lenses and contace lenses眼睛护理产品及隐形眼镜洁液
Ultrasonic cleaning equipment超声波清洁仪器
Ophthalmic products眼科用品
Concentrates for ultrasonic cleaning超声波清洁剂
Lens grinding and polishing filtration systems镜片研磨及抛光过滤系统
Spectacle cases & accessories眼镜盒及其它配件
Lens demisting cloths and solutions镜片除雾喷剂及清洁布
Spectacle assembling & adjusting tools眼镜加工、装配、调较工具
Visual test equipment验眼设备
Sunglasses lenses, sun clips太阳镜片、镜夹
镜框：
FRAME
铰链：
HINGE
弹簧脚链：
SPRING HINGE
一体弹簧脚：
MONO SPRING HINGE
脚套：
TIP
鼻托（xx）：
NOSE PARDS
鼻须（酒杯）：
NOSE ARM
镜脚：
眼镜英语相关专业术语
Temple 脚丝 Plating 电镀Printing 印字 Lase 镭射Spectacle frames 眼镜架 Sunglasses 太阳眼镜Sports spectacles 运动眼镜 kid's eyewear 儿童眼镜Reading glasses 老花镜 Contact lens 隐形眼镜Glass optical lenses 玻璃镜片 Plastic optical lenses 塑胶镜片Sunglasses lenses, sun clips 太阳镜片、镜夹 Progressive lenses 渐进多焦点镜片Photochromic lenses 变色镜片 Othro k lenses 角膜矫形接确镜片Optical blanks 镜片毛胚 Accessories for contact lens 隐形眼镜附件Spectacle spare parts and accessories 眼镜零件及配件 Components of frames 镜架组件Spectacle cases & accessories 眼镜盒及附件 Eyecare products and solution for lenses and contace lenses 眼睛护理产品及隐形眼镜洁液Spectacle cases & accessories 眼镜盒及其它配件 Lens demisting cloths and solutions 镜片除雾喷剂及清洁布Spectacle assembling & adjusting tools 眼镜加工、装配、调较工具 Visual test equipment 验眼设备Edger 磨边机 Eyeglasses and frame making machinery 眼镜架制造机械Lens manufacturing and processing machinery 镜片造机械及加工机械 Contact lens processing machinery 隐形眼镜加工机械Lathe 车床 Coating machine 镀膜机Coating materials 镀膜原料 Electroplating equipment, welding machine 电镀机械、焊接机械Price labeling, stamp printing and screen printing mahcinery 标签机、移印机、丝网印刷 Ultrasonic cleaning equipment 超声波清洁仪器Ophthalmic products 眼科用品 Concentrates for ultrasonic cleaning 超声波清洁剂Lens grinding and polishing filtration systems 镜片研磨及抛光过滤系统 Optical processing equipmentand materials 光学加工设备及原料Measurement instrucments for optical elements and systems 光学用品及系统之测量仪器 Store and workshop fitting and furniture 眼镜店及工场设备及家具Moulds for ophthalmic lenses 镜片模具 Raw materials for frames 眼镜原料Raw materials for lenses 镜片原料 Lens abrasive and polishing materials 打磨镜片原料Electroplating, welding materials 电镀、焊接原材料Opto-laser equipment and instruments 激光科技设备和仪器光学仪器类slit illumination 裂隙灯 diopter 屈光度 sphere 球镜cylinder 柱镜 prism 棱镜 magnification 放大倍率diameter 直径 dimensions 尺寸 light spot 光斑fixation lamp 固视灯 led 发光二极管 filter 滤色片lensmeter 焦度计 metal rim 金属圈 PD meter 瞳距仪Pupil Distance 瞳距 Vertex Distance 顶点距 Chart 视标View tester 验光仪 Cutting device 切割刀 Pattern maker 制模机Cutting needle 划针 Layout blocker 中心仪 Hand edger 手动磨边机Lens groover 开槽机 Polisher 抛光机 Polishing stick 抛光膏Drilling machine 钻孔机 Bench drilling machine 台式钻孔机 Drill bit 钻头Lock opener 锁开 Milling cutting 铣刀 Fuse 保险丝Handle 手柄 Center locator 中心定位器 Drill chuck 钻夹头Dial 刻度盘 Frame heater（warmer）烘架机 Heating coil 发热丝Ultrasonic cleaner 清洗机 Combined table 验光组合台 Optometry box 验光盘Grinding wheel 砂轮 Trial lens set 验光镜片箱 Refractometer 验光仪Chart projector 投影仪 Keratometer 角膜曲率仪 Welding machine 焊接机Spray cleaning machine 喷淋清洗机材料配件类Monel 锰料 Stainless Steel 不锈钢 pure Titanium 纯钛Titanium Alloy 钛合金 B-Ti B钛 Elongation 伸长率Tensile strenghth 抗拉强度 high nickel copper alloy 高镍合金 nickelfree alloy 无镍合金nicklfree stainless steel 无镍不锈钢 annealing temperture 退火温度 percent 含量density 密度 melting point 熔点 solidus 固相点liquidus 液相点 physical properties 物理性能 chemical composition 化学组成hinge 铰链 rim wire 框线 round wire 圆线cylinding grinding wheels 筒形砂轮 flaring cup wheels 碗形砂轮 diamod plain wheels 平形砂轮grinding ccoolant 切削液 lens coating liquid 护镜液 polishing powder 抛光粉polishing liquid 抛光液 polishing wheel 抛光轮 plating case 电镀盒plastic case 塑料盒 alumium oxide case 氧化铝盒 rocket screwdrivers 六角螺丝刀mini ring wrenches/nutdrivers 微型戒指扳手 radian apparatus 弧度表thickness apparatus 厚度表adhesive tape 粘片 calipers 量具 nut driver 套筒files set 锉刀 drill bits 钻咀 screwdrivers blades 螺丝刀头镜片类hard resin lens 树脂镜片 round-top bifocal lens 圆顶双关镜片 flat-top bifocal lens 平顶双光镜片aspheric hard resin lens 非球面树脂镜片 Non-coated lens 基片（NC） hard coated lens 加硬镜片（HC）Hard & Multi-coated 加硬加膜片（HMC） Hard & Multi-coated,EMI Defending Coating 加硬加膜防辐射片（HMC+EMI） RX Lens-High Index 高散光片color shade 色差 deformation 变形 shrinkage 缩水light transmission 透光率 de-lamination 分裂脱层 abbe value 阿贝数raw material 原材料 catalysis 催化作用 polymerization 聚合作用tinted lens 染色镜片 photochromic lens 变色镜片 spherical 球面的眼镜展词汇Machinery, tools and equipment for opticalworkshopsMachinery, tools and equipment for frames andlenses industryStore and workshop furniture and fittingsSample cases and displaysParts and eyeglassesSpecial treatmentsRaw materialsData processing systems for opticsTrade-technical and scientific pressOptical Show and ExhibitionsOthers eyewear-related production typesSport gogglesGogglesEyeglass cases and accessoriesMicroscopes-binoculars-barometeresand magnifying glasses and lensesOptical and ophthalmological lensesContact lensesSunglass lensesLenses for the sport activitiesAccessories and solutions for lensesFrames, Lenses & AccessoriesSpectacle framesSunglassesSports GlassesKids eyewearReading glassesContact lensAccessories for contact lensSpectacle spare parts and accessoriesGlass optical lensesPolyresin lensSunglass lenses, sun-clipsEyecare products and solution for lenses and contact lens Progressive lensesPhotochromic lensesUncut Optical Lensoptical BlanksSpectacle Cases & AccessoriesMolds For Ophthalmic LensesOthro K LensesPlastic Optical LensesVisual test equipmentEyeglasses and frame making machineryLens Manufacturing machineryContact lens processing machineryLens production and processing machineryLatheCoating machineVacuum coating materialsElectroplating equipment, welding machinePrice labeling, stamp printing and screen printing machinery Plastic Processing MachineryRaw materials for framesRaw materials for lensesLens abrasive and polishing materialsUltrasonic cleaning equipmentConcentrates for ultrasonic cleaningLens grinding, polishing and filtration systemsOptical processing equipment and materialsMeasuring Instruments For Optical Elements And SystemsLens Cleaning and demisting cloths and solutionsStore and workshop fittings and furnitureComponents for metal-frames; brazing materialsSpectacle assembling & adjusting toolsEdgerElectroplating, welding materialsOpto-Laser Equipment and InstrumentsOphthalmologyInstruments for optometry and ophthalmologyOphthalmic productsTechnical & scientific publications and servicesAssociationsExhibition & ConferencesOthers ( please specify )Glass optical lensesSunglass lenses, sun-clipsPlastic Optical Lenses专业术语Nose bridge 鼻中Tip 脚套Temple 脚丝Plating 电镀Printing 印字Lase 镭射PATTERN模片Spectacle frames 眼镜架Sunglasses 太阳眼镜Sports spectacles 运动眼镜kid's eyewear 儿童眼镜Reading glasses 老花镜Contact lens 隐形眼镜Glass optical lenses 玻璃镜片Plastic optical lenses 塑胶镜片Sunglasses lenses, sun clips 太阳镜片、镜夹Progressive lenses 渐进多焦点镜片Photochromic lenses 变色镜片Othro k lenses 角膜矫形接确镜片Optical blanks 镜片毛胚Accessories for contact lens 隐形眼镜附件Spectacle spare parts and accessories 眼镜零件及配件Components of frames 镜架组件Spectacle cases & accessories 眼镜盒及附件Eyecare products and solution for lenses and contace lenses 眼睛护理产品及隐形眼镜洁液Spectacle cases & accessories 眼镜盒及其它配件Lens demisting cloths and solutions 镜片除雾喷剂及清洁布Spectacle assembling & adjusting tools 眼镜加工、装配、调较工具Visual test equipment 验眼设备Edger 磨边机Eyeglasses and frame making machinery 眼镜架制造机械Lens manufacturing and processing machinery 镜片造机械及加工机械Contact lens processing machinery 隐形眼镜加工机械Lathe 车床Coating machine 镀膜机Coating materials 镀膜原料Electroplating equipment, welding machine 电镀机械、焊接机械Price labeling, stamp printing and screen printing mahcinery 标签机、移印机、丝网印刷Ultrasonic cleaning equipment 超声波清洁仪器Ophthalmic products 眼科用品Concentrates for ultrasonic cleaning 超声波清洁剂Lens grinding and polishing filtration systems 镜片研磨及抛光过滤系统Optical processing equipmentand materials 光学加工设备及原料Measurement instrucments for optical elements and systems 光学用品及系统之测量仪器Store and workshop fitting and furniture 眼镜店及工场设备及家具Moulds for ophthalmic lenses 镜片模具Raw materials for frames 眼镜原料Raw materials for lenses 镜片原料Lens abrasive and polishing materials 打磨镜片原料Electroplating, welding materials 电镀、焊接原材料Opto-laser equipment and instruments 激光科技设备和仪器部件镜框：FRAME铰链：HINGE弹簧脚链： SPRING HINGE一体弹簧脚： MONO SPRING HINGE脚套： TIP鼻托（托叶）：NOSE PARDS鼻须（酒杯）：NOSE ARM镜脚： TEMPLE电镀： PLATE全框：FULL FRAME半框：HALF FRAME无框：RIMELESS金属框：METAL FRAME塑胶框：PLASTIC FRAME中梁： BRIDGE眼镜行业专业术语2Night Driving Optics夜間護目鏡(夜視鏡)Laser Protection Optics雷射激光護目鏡Amber Optics太陽護目鏡(太陽鏡)Computer Optics電腦護目鏡Correction PD-Vision Optics視力矯正鏡Reading Eyewear老花鏡Sun-Telescope太陽望遠鏡Top Sun-Drive Optics太陽護目鏡(太陽鏡)Sports & Fishing Optics運動休閒多功能護目鏡(偏光鏡) Welding Optics焊接用護目鏡Industrial Safety Optics工業用(家庭用)護目鏡AC 壓克力非球面老花鏡片Acrylic Aspheric Reading LensesPC 聚碳酸樹脂非球面老花鏡片Polycarbonate Aspheric Reading Lenses AC壓克力雙光老花鏡片Acrylic Bifocal Reading LensesPC雙光老花鏡片PC Bifocal Reading LensesAC 壓克力近視鏡片Acrylic Myopia LensesPC 近視鏡片PC Myopia LensesAC 漸進多焦點鏡片Acrylic Progressive Reading lenses 多層膜電鍍鏡片Anti-Reflection Coating/WaterPC平光鏡片PC No Diopter Round Lenses眼镜行业专业术语2Night Driving Optics夜間護目鏡(夜視鏡)Laser Protection Optics雷射激光護目鏡Amber Optics太陽護目鏡(太陽鏡)Computer Optics電腦護目鏡Correction PD-Vision Optics視力矯正鏡Reading Eyewear老花鏡Sun-Telescope太陽望遠鏡Top Sun-Drive Optics太陽護目鏡(太陽鏡)Sports & Fishing Optics運動休閒多功能護目鏡(偏光鏡) Welding Optics焊接用護目鏡Industrial Safety Optics工業用(家庭用)護目鏡AC 壓克力非球面老花鏡片Acrylic Aspheric Reading LensesPC 聚碳酸樹脂非球面老花鏡片Polycarbonate Aspheric Reading Lenses AC壓克力雙光老花鏡片Acrylic Bifocal Reading LensesPC雙光老花鏡片PC Bifocal Reading LensesAC 壓克力近視鏡片Acrylic Myopia LensesPC 近視鏡片PC Myopia LensesAC 漸進多焦點鏡片Acrylic Progressive Reading lenses多層膜電鍍鏡片Anti-Reflection Coating/WaterPC平光鏡片PC No Diopter Round Lenses眼光配镜配眼镜Filling a pre****ion眼镜架frames圆形眼镜架round frames椭圆形眼镜架oval frames长方形眼镜架rectangular frames验光师optometrist验眼报告prescription镜片刮花scratch隐型眼镜contact lens实色 solid color双色喷漆 two-tone painted帽仔镜 LENTE CULAR 简称 LENTE 是专为白内障患者术后视力矫正设计,非球面设计,减少厚度和视物变形,视野清晰自然,佩戴舒适。
EN50290-2-24
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50290-2-24NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORMJanuary 2002CENELECEuropean Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels© 2002 CENELEC -All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.Ref. No. EN 50290-2-24:2002 EICS 29.035.20; 33.120.10Supersedes HD 624.4 S1:1996English versionCommunication cablesPart 2-24: Common design rules and construction –PE sheathingCâbles de communicationPartie 2-24: Règles de conception communes et construction –Polyéthylène pour gainageKommunikationskabelTeil 2-24: Gemeinsame Regeln für Entwicklung und Konstruktion –PE-MantelmischungenThis European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2001-11-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EN 50290-2-24:2002- 2 -ForewordThis European Standard was prepared by a joint working group of the Technical Committees CENELEC TC 46X, Communication cables, and CENELEC TC 86A, Optical fibres and optical fibre cables.The text of the draft was submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50290-2-24 on 2001-11-01.This European Standard supersedes HD 624.4 S1:1996.The following dates were fixed:–latest date by which the EN has to be implementedat national level by publication of an identicalnational standard or by endorsement(dop)2002-08-01–latest date by which the national standards conflictingwith the EN have to be withdrawn(dow)2004-08-01Annexes designated "normative" are part of the body of the standard.In this standard, annexes A, B and C are normative.This European Standard has been prepared under the European Mandate M/212 given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association._________- 3 -EN 50290-2-24:20021ScopeThis Part 2-24 of EN 50290 gives specific requirements for PE sheathing compounds used in communication cables.It is to be read in conjunction with Part 2-20 of EN 50290.2Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 60811-1-1:1995Insulating and sheathing materials of electric and optical cables - Commontest methods -- Part 1-1: General application - Measurement of thickness andoverall dimensions - Tests for determining the mechanical properties(IEC 60811-1-1:1993)EN 60811-1-2:1995Insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables - Common test methodsPart 1-2: General application -- Thermal ageing methods(IEC 60811-1-2:1985 + corr. May 1986 + A1:1989)EN 60811-1-3:1995Insulating and sheathing materials of electric and optical cables - Commontest methods -- Part 1-3: General application - Methods for determining thedensity - Water absorption tests - Shrinkage test (IEC 60811-1-3:1993)EN 60811-1-4:1995Insulating and sheathing materials of electric and optical cables - Commontest methods -- Part 1-4: General application - Tests at low temperature(IEC 60811-1-4:1985 + corr. May 1986 + A1:1993)EN 60811-4-1:1995Insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables - Common test methods- - Part 4: Methods specific to polyethylene and polypropylene compounds - -Section 1: Resistance to environmental stress cracking - Wrapping test afterthermal ageing in air - Measurement of the melt flow index - Carbon blackand/or mineral content measurement in PE (IEC 60811-4-1:1985)EN 60811-4-2:1999Insulating and sheathing materials of electric and optical fibre cables -Common test methods - - Part 4: Methods specific to polyethylene andpolypropylene compounds Section 2: Tensile strength and elongation at breakafter pre-conditioning - Wrapping test after thermal ageing in air -Measurement of mass increase – Long - term stability test - Test method forcopper - catalysed oxidative degradation(IEC 60811-4-2:1990, mod.)3RequirementsIn case of specific applications, additional performances could be needed. Relevant test methods and requirements shall be included in the detail specifications of the cables.EN 50290-2-24:2002- 4 -Table 1 - Black PE sheathing compoundsCharacteristicsTest method Unit Grades 1)LD/MD HD LLD1Maximum rated temperature atcable for which the compound canbe used° C702)80802Density 1)(without carbon black)EN 60811-1-3clause 8g/cm3£ 0,940> 0,940£ 0,9403Melt flow index 1) (see note 1)EN 60811-4-1clause 10g/10 min£ 0,4£ 2,53)£ 1,0£ 2,04Mechanical characteristics EN 60811-1-19.24.1 4.11In state of deliveryTensile strength- median, minMPa1018164.12Elongation at break- median, min%300300500 4.2After ageing EN 60811-1-28.1Ageing conditions- temperature - duration ° Ch100 ± 224 x 10100 ± 224 x 10100 ± 224 x 10Elongation at break- median, min%300300500 5Shrinkage3)EN 60811-1-3clause 11Test conditions- sample length(if not otherwise specifed)- temperature- durationResult to be obtained- shrinkage, max mm° Ch%2004)4)4)2004)4)4)2004)4)4)1)to be given by the supplier2)80 °C for MD3)for special application4)in the relevant cable specification- 5 -EN 50290-2-24:2002 Table 1 - Black PE sheathing compounds (Cont'd)Characteristics Test method Unit Grades 1)LD/MD HD LLD6Performances afterpre-conditioning(for sheath in direct contact withfilling compound)Annex ATest conditions- temperature - duration ° Ch60/70 ± 27 x 2460/70 ± 27 x 2460/70 ± 27 x 246.11Result to be obtainedTensile strength- median, minMPa1018166.12Elongation at break- median, min%3003005007Carbon black content5)EN 60811-4-1clause 11%2,5 ± 0,52,5 ± 0,52,5 ± 0,5 8Carbon black dispersion5)Annex B To meet To meet To meet9Stress cracking5) (see note 2)EN 60811-4-1clause 8Procedure BTo meet To meet To meet5) For inner sheath applications, non black PE compounds can be used, then items 7, 8, 9 may not apply.NOTE 1 If required, MFI may be measured on sheath with other values to be specified.NOTE 2Stress cracking test on raw material may not be sufficient to guarantee a stress cracking performance on finished product. Therefore an additional test has to be performed either on complete cable or on a piece of sheath taken from complete cable, in accordance with the test methods described in annex C.EN 50290-2-24:2002- 6 -Table 2 - Coloured PE sheathing compoundsCharacteristics Test method Unit Grades 1)LD/MD HD LLD 1Maximum rated temperature atcable for which the compound canbe used° C702)80802Density1)EN 60811-1-3clause 8g/cm3£ 0,940> 0,940£ 0,9403Melt flow index 1) (see note 1)EN 60811-4-1clause 10g/10 min£ 0,4£ 2,53)£ 1,0£ 2,04Mechanical characteristics EN 60811-1-19.24.1 4.11In state of deliveryTensile strength- median, minMPa1018164.12Elongation at break- median, min%300300500 4.2After ageing EN 60811-1-28.1Ageing conditions- temperature - duration ° Ch100 ± 224 x 10100 ± 224 x 10100 ± 224 x 10Elongation at break- median, min%300300500 5Shrinkage 3)EN 60811-1-3clause 11Test conditions- sample length(if not otherwise specifed) - temperature- durationResult to be obtained- shrinkage, max mm° Ch%2004)4)4)2004)4)4)2004)4)4)1)to be given by the supplier on the basic resin2) 80 °C for MD3)for special application4) in the relevant cable specification- 7 -EN 50290-2-24:2002 Table 2 - Coloured PE sheathing compounds (Cont'd)Characteristics Test method Unit Grades 1)LD/MD HD LLD6Performances afterpre-conditioning(for sheath in direct contact withfilling compound)Annex ATest conditions- temperature - duration ° Ch60/70 ± 27 x 2460/70 ± 27 x 2460/70 ± 27 x 24Result to be obtainedTensile strength- median, minMPa101816Elongation at break- median, min%3003005007Stress cracking 5) (see note 2)EN 60811-4-1clause 8Procedure BTo meet To meet To meet5)For inner sheath applications, item 7 may not apply – Natural grades can be usedNOTE 1 If required, MFI may be measured on sheath with other values to be specified.NOTE 2 Stress cracking test on raw material may not be sufficient to guarantee a stress cracking performance on finished product. Therefore an additional test has to be performed either on complete cable or on a piece of sheath taken from complete cable, in accordance with the test methods described in annex C.Guidance to use:Natural or coloured polyolefin cable sheaths, containing conventional antioxidant stabilisers degrade rapidly when subjected to natural daylight weathering through photocatalysed oxidation (actinic degradation). Degradation is manifested by discolouration of the sheath followed immediately by loss of mechanical properties and spontaneous cracking.This ageing process is accelerated in situations where the sheath is physically stressed, for example at sharp bends. Under temperate European climates failure can occur within two years of exposure. Ageing will not only occur on installed cables but also on cables stored externally on drums or reels where the cables have been inadequately protected from solar radiation.Ultraviolet stabilisation systems may be incorporated in the sheath compound to extend the induction period before the onset of failure. Such systems will permit prolonged external storage of cables but their performance does not approach that of conventional sheaths containing a minimum of 2 % of carbon black. Consequently they are unsuitable for external use where long service lives are required, especially where the cable will be installed in exacting climatic conditions such as aerial cablesEN 50290-2-24:2002- 8 -Annex A(normative)Performances after pre-conditioningTo perform the test, use EN 60811-4-2 with the following modifications1:1 Scope - Second paragraphReplace "...elongation at break..." by "...tensile strength and elongation at break...".6 Pre-conditioningReplace the existing title by the following new title:6 Conditioning8 Elongation at break after pre-conditioningReplace the existing title and text of this clause by the following new title and text:8 Tensile strength and elongation at break after pre-conditioning8.1 GeneralThis text is intended for filled cables for polyolefin insulations with a wall thickness of more than 0,8 mm and for polyolefin sheaths in direct contact with filling compound.8.2 Pre-conditioning procedureA sample of complete cable of sufficient length shall be pre-conditioned in air (i.e. suspended in an oven). The duration of the test and the temperature of the air maintained continuously shall be as follows:-7 x 24 h at 60 °C for filling compound having a nominal drop-point above 50 °C and up to an including70 °C.-7 x 24 h at 70 °C for filling compound having a nominal drop-point above 70 °C.After pre-conditioning, the cable sample shall be left at ambient temperature for at least 16 h without being exposed to direct sunlight. Then the sheath and cores to be tested shall be taken from the cable and shall be cleaned by suitable means.8.3 Tensile strength and elongation tests after pre-conditioningTensile strength and/or elongation tests, with respect to requirements in the cable standard, on test pieces according to 8.2 shall be performed in accordance with clause 9 of EN 60811-1-1 without any further ageing treatment.1) The modifications listed are intended for revision of EN 60811-4-2 (IEC 60811-4-2).- 9 -EN 50290-2-24:2002 9 Wrapping test after pre-conditioning9.2 Test procedureReplace the existing title and text of the subclause by the following new title and text:9.2 Pre-conditoning procedureThe pre-conditiong shall be carried out in accordance with 8.2 of this standard. Then the cores to be tested shall be taken from the cable and shall be cleaned by suitable means.9.3 Evaluation of resultsReplace the existing title and text of the subclause by the following new title and text:9.3 Test procedureTest pieces according to 9.2 shall be subjected to a winding test in accordance with the method specified in 10.5.2.For cellular insulations including foam-skin having a wall thickness below or equal to 0,2 mm the pull exerted on the exposed conductor shall be reduced to about 7,5 N/mm2 with respect to the conductor cross-section.Add a new subclause:9.4 Evaluation of resultsAfter cooling down to ambient temperature, the test pieces shall show no cracks when examined with normal or corrected vision without magnification. The test may be repeated once only if one test piece fails.10.5 Test procedureReplace the existing text by the following new text, inserting two subclauses:10.5.1 Test pieces according to 10.3 shall be subjected, after ageing in accordance with 10.4, to a winding test at ambient temperature.10.5.2 The conductor shall be laid bare at one end. A weight shall be applied to the exposed conductor end, exerting a pull of about 15 N/mm2 ± 20 % with respect to the conductor cross-section. Ten windings shall be made on the other end of the test piece by means of a winding device in accordance with 10.2.2 on a metal mandrel at a speed of about one revolution per 5 s. The winding diameter shall be 1 to 1,5 times the test piece diameter. Subsequently, the test pieces wound on the mandrel shall be removed from the latter and shall be kept in their helical form for 24 h at 70 ± 2 °C in the vertical position, substantially in the middle of the heating chamber in accordance with 10.2.3.EN 50290-2-24:2002- 10 -Annex B(normative)2)Test methods for the assessment of carbon black dispersion inpolyethylene using a microscopeB.1 IntroductionThe methods below describe procedures for assessing the uniformity of dispersion of carbon black in a compound or extrusion.B.2 ScopeThese methods describe procedures for assessing the carbon black dispersion in polyethylene using a microscope.Procedure A is primarily intended for use with polyethylene compounds but may be used for extrusions.Procedure B is intended for use with polyethylene extrusions or moundings only.B.3 PrincipleProcedure AA small sample of the material is squeezed into a thin layer 20 m m to 30 m m thick between two microscope slides heated to either 170 °C to 210 °C, or a higher temperature if specified in the material specification.The pressed sample is examined microscopically by transmitted light. The frequency and size distribution of particles and agglomerates is measured and graded by comparison with Table B.1.The uniformity of dispersion is assessed by comparison with the photomicrographs of Table B.2.Procedure BA microtome section of the material, 10 m m to 20 m m thick, is examined as per procedure A.B.4 ApparatusThe following apparatus is required.B.4.1 Hot plateCapable of being controlled at the required temperature.B.4.2 Microscope slidesB.4.3 MicroscopeCalibrated and capable of at least X 200 magnification. The circular field of view at X 100 magnification shall be 0,7 mm ± 0,07 mm.2) Based on ISO document at draft stage, as ISO/DIS 18553.- 11 -EN 50290-2-24:2002 B.4.4 MicrotomeB.5 ProcedureB.5.1 Preparation of specimensProcedure APlace two of the clean microscope slides on the hotplate maintained at 170 °C to 210 °C, or other higher temperature, as specified in the material specification. Choose six separate granules of compound, or six separate parts of an extruded article, to be as representative as possible of the whole batch. Cut a specimen of approximate mass 0,2 mg from the interior of each granule or part. Place the six specimens on one of the hot microscope slides so that each one is approximately equidistant from its neighbour(s) and from adjacent edge(s) of the slide.Place the second slide over the first, and press the specimens out by applying even pressure for 1 minute to 2 minutes to the whole area of the face of the upper slide. Exert an amount of pressure for a period necessary for each specimen to be pressed out to a thickness of between 20 m m and 30 m m.After the specimens have been placed on the slide, the latter shall in no case remain on the hotplate for more than 3 minutes.Remove the slide from the hotplate and allow it to cool.NOTE Shims of metal or some other suitable material may be used to achieve the required specimen thickness and uniformity of thickness. Procedure BCut six microtome sections of thickness between 10 m m and 20 m m each approximately of mass 0,25 mg, from different parts of the extrusion or moulding.B.5.2 Assessment of dispersionAgglomeratesExamine the six specimens in turn under the microscope under transmitted light with a magnification of at least X 100.For each specimen examine the agglomerates checking that they are really pigment by varying the light intensity and using transmitted and reflected light if possible. Measure and record the largest dimension of each agglomerate, ignoring those less than 5 m m. Rate according to the size categories given in Table B.1. Examine the whole of the specimen.NOTE If larger sample sizes are used to prepare the specimens the number of for a 1,25 mg sample mass.For some pigments no particles or agglomerates greater than 5 m m may be visible, hence a grading of 0 is obtained from Table B.1.AppearanceExamine each of the specimens in turn under the microscope under transmitted light at a magnification X 100 ± 10.Compare each specimen with the micrographs in the Table B.2 for uniformity of appearance taking into account smears and streaks.EN 50290-2-24:2002- 12 -B.6 Expression of resultsB.6.1 Grading of agglomeratesUsing Table B.1, determine the highest grade for each sample. Calculate the arithmetic mean of the six gradings obtained, and express the result to a single decimal point, rounded up to its higher value (see the examples given in Table B.3).B.6.2 Rating of appearanceExpress the appearance as the highest comparative rating with the photomicrographs in Table B.2.B.7 RequirementsThe mean agglomerate grading shall not be greater than 4,0.The appearance rating shall not be worse than photomicrograph C2.- 13 -EN 50290-2-24:2002 Table B.1 (normative) - Grading table for agglomeratesDimensions(m)5to112131415161718191101111121131141 102030405060708090100110120130140150Grades000,5101£3+101,5£6+£3+102£ 12+£6+£3+102,5> 12+£ 12+£6+£3+103> 12+£ 12+£6+£3+103,5> 12+£ 12+£6+£3+104> 12+£ 12+£6+£3+104,5> 12+£ 12+£6+£3+105> 12+£ 12+£6+£3+105,5< 12+£ 12+£6+£3+106> 12+£ 12+£6+£3+106,5> 12+£ 12+£6+£3+107> 12+£ 12+£6+£3+10 NOTE 7 m m corresponds to 0,7 spc mm under a magnification of 100; similarly 60 m m corresponds to 6 spc mm under a magnification of 100.EN 50290-2-24:2002- 14 -Table B.2 (normative) - Photomicrographs for rating the appearance of dispersions- 15 -EN 50290-2-24:2002EN 50290-2-24:2002- 16 -Table B.3 (informative) - Examples of grading of agglomeratesTable B.3.1 - Example 1Dimension samples(m m)5to10112021303140415051606170Grading for the sampleSample 1321Grade 2,0 Sample 2351Grade 2,5 Sample 31421Grade 3,0 Sample 4322Grade 2,5 Sample 5324Grade 3,0 Sample 631257Grade 3,5Incidence of agglomerates by sizeTable B.3.1 shows the number of agglomerates, classed by size, in each sample.Gradings:(2,0 + 2,5 + 3,0 + 2,5 + 3,0 + 3,5) / 6 = 2,75Hence the mean grade = 2,8- 17 -EN 50290-2-24:2002 Table B.3 (informative) - Examples of grading of agglomerates (Cont’d)Table B.3.2 - Example 2Dimension samples(m m)5to1011202130314041505160Grading of the sampleSample 173931Grade 3,0 Sample 27393Grade 3,0 Sample 37353Grade 2,5 Sample 41951Grade 2,5 Sample 51952Grade 3,0 Sample 61Grade 3,0Incidence of agglomerates by sizeTable B.3.2 shows the number of agglomerates, classed by size, in each sample.Gradings:(3,0 + 3,0 + 2,5 + 2,5 + 3,0 + 3,0) / 6 = 2,8333Hence the mean grading = 2,9EN 50290-2-24:2002- 18 -Annex C(normative)Resistance to environmental stress cracking on cable sheathC.1 PurposeThe purpose of this annex is to describe methods to evaluate the resistance to stress cracking of the polyethylene cable jackets.C.2 Method A - Test on complete cableC.2.1 GeneralThis test method is applicable for all sizes of cable.A test specimen comprising a length of cable is submitted both to a constant deformation and to a surface-active liquid heated at 50 °C.C.2.2 ApparatusC.2.2.1 Metallic half-circular bends whose diameter is 12 times the cable diameter.C.2.2.2 A climatic circulating air oven whose dimensions are sufficient to accept bends with test specimens to be tested. The temperature shall be regulated (70 ± 1) °C.C.2.2.3 Surface-active liquid whose volume is sufficient and regulated (50 ± 1) °C.The surface-active liquid used is an aqueous solution containing 1 % of polyethanol-nonyl-phenol (Igepal CO-630 or Antarox CO-630 or equivalent).This reagent is bio-degradable, the bath shall be regenerated after a maximum 10 days of use.C.2.3 SpecimenTest specimens shall constitute cable lengths whose dimensions comply with the relevant bend diameter. These specimens shall form a semi-circle and shall be secured on the mandrel with metallic clamps or polyamide bonds, located at the end of the bend.A minimum length of one metre, for each cable, consisting of one or several specimens, shall be tested. C.2.4 ProcedureC.2.4.1 The bent cable on the mandrel is placed in the climatic oven for 4 hours; at a temperature of(70 ± 2) °C.C.2.4.2 The cable and the mandrel are then removed from the oven and kept at ambient temperature for a minimum duration of 4 hours.C.2.4.3 The specimen is removed from the mandrel, straightened and then bent in the reverse direction on the same mandrel.C.2.4.4 The specimen and the mandrel are then immersed in the bath of surface-actve liquid, heated to(50 ± 2) °C for 72 hours.- 19 -EN 50290-2-24:2002 C.2.5 Evaluation of resultsExamination for presence of cracks, with normal or corrected vision without magnification.C.2.6 Test reportThe test report shall mention- the type of cable;- the cable diameter;- the diameter of the bend used;- the number of specimens tested and their length;- any other observations;- the result obtained.C.3 method B - Test on pieces of sheathC.3.1 GeneralThis method can be used for cable diameter greater than 10 mm and sheath thickness greater than 1,6 mm.C.3.2 ApparatusC.3.2.1 An apparatus to achieve test pieces with two smooth and parallel surfaces by cutting.C.3.2.2 Electrically heated air ovenC.3.2.3 Clean, sharp, undamaged blanking die with blanking press suitable for cutting test pieces(38,0 ± 2,5) mm x (13,0 ± 0,8) mm or other suitable devices.In case of sheath thickness greater than 2,0 mm the sample thickness must be reduced by suitable means to the value specified in C.3.3.C.3.2.4 Dial gauge, with spherical measuring inset (ball-diameter: at least 3 mm) pressure of 0,3 N to 1,5 N.C.3.2.5 Notching device as in Figure C.1 with blades as in Figure C.2.C.3.2.6 Bending clamp assembly as in Figure C.3 with vice or other suitable device ensuring the symmetrical closing of the clamping jaws.C.3.2.7 Transfer tool assembly as in Figure C.4 for shifting in one operation the bent test piece(s) from the bending clamp to the brass channel.C.3.2.8 Brass channel specimen holder as in Figure C.5 for accommodating ten bent test pieces.C.3.2.9 Hard glass test tubes 200 mm x 32 mm for accommodating the brass channel specimen holder with the bent test specimens. The tubes are plugged by suitable aluminium foil wrapped corks (see Figure C.6).C.3.2.10 Reagent: 10 % aqueous solution of Igepal CO-630 or Antarox CO-630 or equivalent reagent.The reagent shall be used only once.C.3.2.11 A heated container of sufficient size and depth to accept racks which will hold the filled test tubes (Figure C.6). The temperature shall be maintained at (50 ± 0,5) °C by means of suitable equipment. The thermal capacity shall be high enough to ensure that the temperature does not drop below 49 °C even when the test tubes are inserted.EN 50290-2-24:2002- 20 -C.3.3 SamplesExamination of the PE cable sheaths. The surfaces shall not show any swellings, dents or holes.The apparatus as in C.3.2.1 is used to prepare strips with two parallel surfaces from the cable sheath. The samples should be taken in direction of the cable axis and approximately in the middle of the test piece, with a thickness of 1,8 mm, and from these strips 10 test pieces are prepared as in C.3.2.3. The thickness of these test pieces, measured using the dial gauge as in C.3.2.4, shall be (1,8 ± 0,2) mm.The surfaces of the test pieces shall be at right angles to each other, as oblique edges can lead to erroneous results. The test pieces are kept in a straight condition for at least 16 hours in the oven as in C.3.2.2 at a temperature of (70 ± 2) °C and then cooled to room temperature.C.3.4 ProcedureShortly before placing into the reagent, each of the test pieces shall be given a notch in the middle of the test piece surface (Figure C.7) using the notching devices as in C.3.2.5.The notch depth shall be 0,30 mm to 0,40 mm.NOTE The blade shall be neither dull nor damaged and, therefore, shall be replaced as required. Even under favourable conditions it should not be used for more than 100 notches.Ten test pieces are then placed , with the notch up, in the bending clamp as in C.3.2.6. The clamp is closed for 30 s to 35 s by means of a vice or a motor-driven arbor press at a constant speed.The bent test pieces are lifted with the transfer tool as in C.3.2.7 from the bending clamp and placed in the brass channel as in C.3.2.8. If some test pieces are riding too high in the holder they shall be forced down by manual pressure.The holder is inserted in a tube as in C.3.2.9, 5 min to 10 min after the test pieces have been bent. The test tube is filled with the appropriate reagent as in C.3.2.10 until all the test pieces are covered by the liquid, and shall be closed by a cork.The filled test tube shall be placed immediately in a rack in the heated container as in C.3.2.11. Care shall be taken that the test pieces do not touch the test tube during the test. The moment of insertion in the heated container shall be noted.The holder with the test tubes and the test pieces shall be maintained for 48 hours in the heated container at(50 ± 2) °C.C.3.5 Evaluation of resultsAfter removal from the heated container, the 10 test pieces are examined for cracks with normal or corrected vision without magnification.The test is considered as passed when none of ten test pieces shows a crack.If only one test piece fails, the test shall be repeated with 10 new test pieces from the cable sheath. Then only the test pieces of the repeated test will be considered. The test is considered as passed if no test piece fails.NOTE In general the stress cracks originate perpendiculary from the notch.。
铜箔专业英语
1．铜箔 copper foil2．电解铜箔 electrodeposited copper foil（ED copper foil）3．压延铜箔 rolled copper foil4．双面处理铜箔 double treated copper foil5．高温高延伸性铜箔 high temperature elongation electrodeposited copper foil 6．低轮廓铜箔 low profile copper foil，（简称LP）7．涂树脂铜箔 resin coated copper foil（简称RCC）8．涂胶铜箔adhesive coated copper foil（简称ACC）9．锂离子蓄电池要铜箔 copper foil for lithium ion battery10．极薄铜箔 ultra thin copper foil11．箔种类 foil type12．箔型号 foil grade13．原箔raw copper foil14．表面处理 surface treatment15．粗化层处理 roughening treatment16．障壁层处理（barrier treatment）17．黑化处理 black roughening treatment18．黄化处理 yellow roughening treatment19．防锈处理anti-tarnish20．粗糙面 matte side21．光面 shiny side22．处理面 treated side23．裁剪 slitting24．切断（cutting）25．阴极cathode26．阳极 anode27．电流密度 current density28．电解槽electro forming cell29．尺寸稳定的阳极 dimensional stable anode （DSA）30．抗拉强度 tensile strength31．延伸率 elongation33．剥离强度 peel strength34．基板材料 base material35．层压板 laminate36．覆铜箔层压板 copper clad laminate （CCL）37．单面覆铜箔层压板 single- sided copper clad laminate38．双面覆铜箔层压板 copper clad laminate39．内层芯材 core material40．半固化片（预浸材料）prepreg （PP）41．预浸粘结片 preimpregnated bonding sheet42．酚醛纸基覆铜板 phenolic cellulose paper copper clad laminate43．环氧玻纤布基覆铜板 epoxide woven glass fabric copper clad laminate 44．复合基覆铜板 composite copper clad laminate45．薄型覆铜板thin copper clad laminate46．超薄型覆铜板 ultra thin copper clad laminate47．印制电路板 printed circuit board （PCB）。
ASTMB33-2000电气用镀锡软的或退火的铜丝的标准规范
以下附件為ASTM B33 美國行業標准 對各種規格的導體做出相應要求!如延伸!敬請關注: 电线电缆专业网裡面又你需要的電纜專業資料.shall be determined by the wrapping and immersion test in accordance with6.5.5.6Joints—Necessary joints in the completed wire and in the wire and rods prior tofinal drawing shall be made in accordance with the best commercial practice.5.7Finish—The coating shall consist of a smooth continu-ous layer,firmly adherent to the surface of the copper.The wire shall be free of all imperfections not consistent with the best commercial practice.6.Test Methods6.1Tensile Strength and Elongation(Explanatory Note 5)—No test for tensile strength shall be required.The elonga-tion of wire whose nominal diameter is larger than0.0808in.(2.052mm)in diameter shall be determined as the permanent increase in length,expressed in percent of the original length, due to the breaking of the wire in tension,measured between gage marks placed originally10in.(254mm)apart upon the test specimen.The elongation of wire whose nominal diameter is0.0808in.and under may be determined as described above or by measurements made between the jaws of the testing machine.When the latter method is used,the zero length shall be the distance between the jaws at the start of the tension test and be as near10in.as practicable and thefinal length shall be the distance between the jaws at the time of rupture.The fracture shall be between gage marks in the case of specimens so marked or between the jaws of the testing machine and not closer than1in.(25.4mm)to either gage mark or either jaw.6.2Resistivity(Expanatory Note4)—The electrical resistiv-ity of the material shall be determined in accordance with Test Method B193.The purchaser may accept certification that the wire was drawn from rod stock meeting the international standard for annealed copper instead of resistivity tests on the finished wire.6.3Dimensional Measurements—Dimensional measure-ments shall be made with a micrometre caliper equipped with a vernier graduated in0.0001in.(0.0025mm).Measurements shall be made on at least three places on each unit selected for this test.If accessible,one measurement shall be taken on each end and one near the middle.The average of the three measurements shall determine compliance with the require-ments.6.4Continuity of Coating:6.4.1Specimens:6.4.1.1Length of Specimens—Test specimens shall have a length of about6in.(152mm).They shall be tagged or marked to correspond with the coil,spool,or reel from which they were cut.6.4.1.2Treatment of Specimens—The specimens shall be thoroughly cleaned by immersion in a suitable organic solvent such as benzene,ether,or trichloroethylene for at least3min; then removed and wiped dry with a clean,soft cloth(Caution-see Explanatory Note5).The specimens thus cleaned shall be kept wrapped in a clean,dry cloth until tested.That part of theTABLE1Tensile Requirements Diameter Area at20°Cin.mm cmil in.2mm2Elongation in10in. (250mm), %max0.460011.6840211600.000.166190107.219330 0.409610.4038167772.160.13176885.011430 0.36489.2659133079.040.10452067.432130 0.32498.2525105560.010.08290753.4880300.28937.348283694.490.06573342.408625 0.2576 6.543066357.760.05211733.624025 0.2294 5.826852624.360.04133126.665225 0.2043 5.189241738.490.03278121.1492250.1819 4.620333087.610.02598716.765725 0.1620 4.114826244.000.02061213.298025 0.1443 3.665220822.490.01635410.550925 0.1285 3.263916512.250.0129698.366925 0.1144 2.905813087.360.01027879 6.631525 0.1019 2.588310383.610.00815527 5.261520 0.0907 2.30388226.490.00646107 4.168420 0.0808 2.05236528.640.00512758 3.3081200.0720 1.82885184.000.00407150 2.626820 0.0641 1.62814108.810.00322705 2.082020 0.0571 1.45033260.410.00256072 1.652120 0.0508 1.29032580.640.00202683 1.307620 0.0453 1.15062052.090.00161171 1.039820 0.0403 1.02361624.090.001275560.822920 0.03590.91191288.810.001012230.653020 0.03200.81281024.000.000804250.5189200.02850.7239812.250.000637940.411620 0.02530.6426640.090.000502730.324320 0.02260.5740510.760.000401150.258820 0.02010.5105404.010.000317310.204715 0.01790.4547320.410.000251650.162415 0.01590.4039252.810.000198560.128115 0.01420.3607201.640.000158370.102215 0.01260.3200158.760.000124690.0804150.01130.2870127.690.000100290.064715 0.01000.2540100.000.000078540.050710 0.00890.226179.210.000062210.040110 0.00800.203264.000.000050270.032410 0.00710.180350.410.000039590.025510 0.00630.160039.690.000031170.020110 0.00560.142231.360.000024630.015910 0.00500.127025.000.000019630.0127100.00450.114320.250.000015900.010310 0.00400.101616.000.000012570.008110 0.00350.088912.250.000009620.006210 0.00310.07879.610.000007550.004910TABLE2Electrical Resistivity RequirementsNominal Diameter Resistivity at20°C in.mm V·lb/mile2V·g/m2 0.460to0.290,incl11.7to7.4,incl896.150.15695 Under0.290to0.103,incl Under7.4to2.6,incl900.770.15776 Under0.103to0.0201,incl Under2.6to0.51,incl910.150.15940 Under0.0201to0.0111incl Under0.51to0.28,incl929.520.16279 Under0.0111to0.0030,incl Under0.28to0.076,incl939.510.16454TABLE3Permissible Variations in Diamter Nominal Diameter of WirePermissible Variations in Diameterin.mm in.mm plus minus plus minus Under0.0100Under0.250.00030.000100.00760.0025 0.0100and over0.25and over3%1%3%1%specimen to be immersed in the test solution shall not be handled.Care shall be taken to avoid abrasion by the cut ends.6.4.2Special Solutions Required:6.4.2.1Hydrochloric Acid Solution(HCl)(sp gr1.088)—Commercial HCl(sp gr1.12)shall be diluted with distilled water to a specific gravity of1.088measured at15.6°C(60°F).A portion of HCl solution having a volume of180mL shall be considered to be exhausted when the number of test specimens prescribed in Table4of a size as indicated in6.4.3have been immersed in it for two cycles.6.4.2.2Sodium Polysulfide Solution(sp gr 1.142)(Ex-planatory Note7)—A concentrated solution shall be made by dissolving sodium sulfide cp crystals in distilled water until the solution is saturated at about21°C(70°F),and adding sufficient flowers of sulfur(in excess of250g/L of solution)to provide complete saturation,as shown by the presence in the solution of an excess of sulfur after the solution has been allowed to stand for at least24h.The test solution shall be made by diluting a portion of the concentrated solution with distilled water to a specific gravity of1.142at15.6°C(60°F).The sodium polysulfide test solution should have sufficient strength to blacken thoroughly a piece of clean untinned copper wire in 5s.A portion of the test solution used for testing samples shall not be considered to be exhausted until it fails to blacken a piece of clean copper as described above.6.4.3Procedure:6.4.3.1Immersion of Specimens—Immerse a length of at least41⁄2in.(114mm)from each of the clean specimens,in accordance with the following cycles,in test solutions main-tained at a temperature between15.6and21°C(60and70°F): (1)Immerse the specimen for1min in the HCl solution described in 6.4.2,wash,and wipe dry;(2)immerse the specimen for30s in the sodium polysulfide solution described in6.4.2,wash,and wipe dry;(3)immerse the specimen for1 min in the HCl solution,wash,and dry;(4)immerse the specimen for30s in the sodium polysulfide solution,wash,and wipe dry.6.4.3.2Washing Specimens—After each immersion,imme-diately wash the specimens thoroughly in clean water and wipe dry with a clean,soft cloth.6.4.3.3Examination of Specimens—After immersion and washing,examine the specimens to ascertain if copper exposed through openings in the tin coating has been blackened by action of the sodium polysulfide.The specimens shall be considered to have failed if,by such blackening,exposed copper is revealed.No attention shall be paid to blackening within0.5in.(12.7mm)of the cut end.A grayish brown appearance of the coating shall not constitute failure.6.5Adherence of Coating:6.5.1Specimens:6.5.1.1Length of Specimens—Test specimens shall be ap-proximately12in.(305mm)in length and shall be tagged or marked to correspond with the coil,spool,or reel from which they are cut.6.5.1.2Treatment of Specimens—The specimens shall be thoroughly cleaned,if required,by immersion in a suitable organic solvent such as benzene,ether,or trichloroethylene for at least3min,then removed and dried(Caution-see Explana-tory Note6).The specimens thus cleaned shall be kept wrapped in a clean dry cloth until tested.That part of the specimens to be immersed in the test solution shall not be handled.Care shall be taken to avoid abrasion of the surface to be subjected to test.Wire of sizes0.005in.(0.13mm)and smaller may be cleaned after wrapping around the mandrel.6.5.2Procedure:6.5.2.1Wrapping—Slowly wrap the test specimen in a suitable manner in an open helix around a polished mandrel having rounded ends and a diameter not to exceed four times the nominal diameter of the specimen.Take care not to stretch the specimen during the wrapping operation.The spacing of the consecutive turns shall be approximately equal to the diameter of the wire.For sizes0.021in.(0.53mm)and smaller, not more than six helical turns shall be used for the test,and for wire larger than0.021in.,not more than three turns shall be used.6.5.2.2Immersion Test—Remove the helically wrapped portion of the test specimen from the mandrel and immerse completely in the sodium polysulfide solution(see6.4.2)for30 s at the temperature prescribed in6.4.3.On removal from the sodium polysulfide solution,immediately rinse the specimen in clean water and remove the excess by shaking.6.5.2.3Examination of Specimens—Examine visually the outer peripheral surface of the helically wrapped portion of the specimen.For wires0.021in.(0.53mm)and smaller,a magnification not greater than three times may be used.Any cracking or parting of the coating in this area shown by blackening of the copper shall be cause for rejection.A grayish brown appearance of the coating after immersion shall not constitute failure.6.6Finish—Surface-finish inspection shall be made with the unaided eye(normal spectacles excepted).7.Inspection7.1General(Explanatory Note8and Note9)—Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaser order,the manufacturer shall be responsible for the performance of all inspection and test requirements specified.7.1.1All inspections and tests shall be made at the place of manufacture unless otherwise especially agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of purchase.7.1.2The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser all reasonable manufacturer’s facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this specification.7.1.3Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer,conformance of the wire to the various requirements listed in Section5shall be determined on samplesTABLE4Limiting Number of Test Specimens for Coating TestsNominal Diameter,in.Maximum Number of Specimens to be Tested for2Cycles in180mL of Acid Solution0.460to0.141,incl2 Under0.141to0.0851,incl4 Under0.0851to0.0501,incl6 Under0.0501to0.0381,incl10 Under0.0381to0.0301,incl12 Under0.0301to0.0030,incl14taken from each lot of wire presented for acceptance.7.1.4The manufacturer shall,if requested prior to inspec-tion,certify that all wire in the lot was made under suchconditions that the product as a whole conforms to therequirements of this specification as determined by regularlymade and recorded tests.7.2Definitions Applicable to Inspection :7.2.1lot (Explanatory Note 8)—any amount of wire of onetype and size presented for acceptance at one time,suchamount,however,not to exceed 25000lb (11350kg).7.2.2sample —a quantity of production units (coils reels,etc.)selected at random from the lot for the purpose ofdetermining conformance of the lot to the requirements of thisspecification.7.2.3specimen —a length of wire removed for test purposesfrom any individual production unit of the sample.7.3Sample Size (Explanatory Note 9)—The number ofproduction units in a sample shall be as follows:7.3.1For elongation and resistivity determinations,thesample shall consist of four production units.For continuityand adherence of coating tests,the sample shall consist of eightproduction units.From each unit,one test specimen of suffi-cient length shall be removed for the performance of therequired tests.7.3.2For dimensional measurements,the sample shall con-sist of a quantity of production units shown in Table 5underthe heading “First Sample.”7.3.3For surface-finish inspection and for packaging in-spection (when specified by the purchaser at the time of placingthe order)the sample shall consist of a quantity of productionunits shown in Table 6.8.Conformance Criteria (Explanatory Note 9)8.1Any lot of wire,the samples of which comply with theconformance criteria of this section,shall be considered ascomplying to the requirements of Section 5.Individual pro-duction units that fail to meet one or more of the requirementsshall be rejected.Failure of a sample group from a lot to meetone or more of the following criteria shall constitute cause forrejection of the lot.The conformance criteria for each of theprescribed properties given in Section 5are as follows:8.1.1Elongation —The lot shall be considered conformingif the average elongation of the four specimens is not less thanthe appropriate elongation value in Table 1plus 2.8%;however,any individual production unit,the specimen fromwhich has an elongation less than the appropriate elongationvalue in Table 1,shall be rejected.8.1.1.1The lot shall be considered to have failed to meet the elongation conformance criterion if the average of the four specimens is less than the elongation in Table 1plus 2.8%and the elongation of any of the individual specimens is less than the value in Table 1.8.1.1.2If the average of the four specimens is less than the elongation in Table 1plus 2.8%and the elongation of each of the individual specimens is equal to or more than the value in Table 1,six additional specimens from six production units other than the four originally sampled shall be tested.The lot shall be considered conforming if the elongation of each of the ten specimens is not less than the appropriate elongation value in Table 1,and the average of the ten specimens is not less than that value plus 2.8%.The lot shall be considered to have failed to meet the elongation requirement if any of the ten specimens is less than the appropriate elongation value in Table 1or if the average of the ten specimens is less than that value plus 2.8%.8.1.2Resistivity —The electrical resistivity of each of the four specimens shall conform to the requirements of 5.2.Failure to meet these requirements shall constitute failure to meet the resistivity conformance criterion.8.1.3Dimensions —The dimensions of the first sample (Table 5)shall conform to the requirements of 5.3.If there are no failures,the lot conforms to this requirement.If there are failures,but the number of these does not exceed the allowable defect number c 2(Table 5)for the respective number of units in the sample,a second sample equal to n 2shall be taken and the total defects of the n 1plus n 2units shall not exceed the allowable defect number,c 2.Failure to meet this requirement shall constitute failure to meet the dimensional conformance criterion.8.1.4Continuity of Coating —The continuity of the coating of each of the eight specimens shall conform to the require-ments of 5.4.Failure of more than two specimens shall constitute failure to meet the continuity criterion.If not moreTABLE 5Sampling for Dimensional MeasurementsNumber of Units in Lot First SampleSecond Sample Number of Units inSample,n 1Allowable Number of Defects in First Sample,c 1.Number of Units in Sample,n 2n 1plus n 2Allowable Number of Defects in Both Samples,c 21to 14,incl all0.........15to 50,incl 140.........51to 100,incl 19023421101to 200,incl 24046702201to 400,incl 290761053401to 800,incl 3301121454Over 8003401161504TABLE 6Sampling for Surface Finish and Packaging Inspection Number of Units in Lot Number of Units in Sample,n Allowable Number of Defective Units,c 1to 30,incl all 031to 50,incl 30051to 100,incl 370101to 200,incl 400201to 300,incl 702301to 500,incl 1002501to 800,incl 1303Over 8001554than two specimens fail to meet the continuity criterion,eightadditional specimens from the lot shall be tested,all of whichshall conform to the continuity criterion.However,any indi-vidual production unit,the specimen from which failed to meetthe continuity criterion,shall be rejected.8.1.5Adherence of Coating —The adherence of the coatingof each of the eight specimens shall conform to the require-ments of 5.5.Failure of more than two specimens shallconstitute failure to meet the adherence criterion.If not morethan two specimens fail to meet the adherence criterion,eightadditional specimens from the lot shall be tested,all of whichshall conform to the adherence criterion.However,any indi-vidual production unit,the specimen from which failed to meetthe adherence criterion,shall be rejected.8.1.6Surface Finish —The surface finish of the samplestaken in accordance with Table 6shall conform to the require-ments of 5.7.The number of units in the sample showingsurface defects not consistent with commercial practice shallnot exceed the allowable defect number c ,in Table 6.Failureto meet this requirement shall constitute failure to meet thesurface-finish conformance criterion.8.1.7Packaging —Conformance to the packaging require-ments specified by the purchaser shall be determined in accordance with Table 6.The number of units in the sample showing nonconformance to the requirement shall not exceed the allowable defect number,c ,in Table 6.Failure to meet this requirement shall constitute failure to meet the packaging conformance criterion.9.Density (Explanatory Note 10)9.1For the purpose of calculating linear densities,cross sections,etc.,the density of the copper shall be taken as 8.89g/cm 3(0.32117lb/in.3)at 20°C.10.Packaging and Shipping 10.1Package sizes shall be agreed upon by the manufac-turer and the purchaser in the placing of individual orders.10.2The tinned wire shall be protected against damage in ordinary handling and shipping.11.Keywords 11.1tinned annealed copper wire;tinned copper electrical wire;tinned soft copper wireEXPLANATORY NOTESN OTE 1—It is necessary that the coating of tin on the wire becontinuous.The test in the sodium polysulfide is for the purpose ofdetermining whether or not the wire carries a continuous envelope of puretin.The thickness of the tin coating is necessarily varied.Under the sameconditions of tinning,the coating on all sizes of wire,excepting on finewire,is approximately the same.The coating on fine wire is in generalrelatively heavier than that on coarse wire.It is not,therefore,correct toapply a larger number of cycles in the test on coarse wire than is appliedto fine wire.It is probable that one cycle of the dip test would be sufficientto discover defects in tinned wire,but in order to make certain that nopartially covered spots may escape attention,provision has been made fortwo cycles.It has been found that the tin coating on copper wire consistsof two parts,an envelope of pure tin on the outside,with an intermediatelayer of copper-tin alloy.This tin alloy,as well as the amount of tinpresent,has an effect on the resistivity of the wire.Since the relativeamount of tin coating and alloy is greater on the small wire than it is onthe coarser wire,the resistivity of the wire increases as the size decreases.This also accounts for the decrease in elongation due to tinning soft wire.N OTE 2—The values of the wire diameters in Table 1are given to thenearest 0.0001in.and correspond to the standard sizes given in Specifi-cation B 258.The use of gage numbers to specify wire sizes is notrecognized in this specification because of the possibility of confusion.Anexcellent discussion of wire gages and related subjects is contained in NBSHandbook 100of the National Bureau of Standards.N OTE 3—Other tests than those provided in this specification have beenconsidered at various times,such as twist tests,wrap tests,etc.It is theopinion of the committee that twist tests on soft wire serve no usefulpurpose and that wrap tests,other than that provided for in 6.5,which is a test for adhesion,are likewise undesirable and inconclusive as to results and significance.N OTE 4—“Resistivity”is used in place of “percentage conductivity.”The value of 0.15328V ·g/m 2at 20°C is the international standard for the resistivity of annealed copper equal to 100%conductivity.This term means that a wire 1m in length and weighing 1g would have a resistance of 0.15328V .This is equivalent to a resistivity value of 875.20V ·lb/mile 2,which signifies the resistance of a wire 1mile in length weighing 1lb.It is also equivalent,for example,to 1.7241µV /cm of length of a bar 1cm 2in cross section.A complete discussion of this subject is contained in NBS Handbook 100of the National Bureau of Standards.The presence of tin and of copper-tin alloy in the coating of the wire increases the resistance of the finished wire as mentioned in Note 1.Relationships that may be useful in connection with the values of resistivity prescribed in this specification are as shown in Table 7,each column containing equivalent expressions at 20°C.N OTE 5—In general,tested values of tensile strength are increased and tested values of elongation are reduced with increase of speed of the moving head of the testing machine in the tension testing of copper wire.In the case of tests on soft or annealed copper wire,however,the effects of speed of testing are not pronounced.Tests of soft wire made at speeds of moving head,which under no-load conditions are not greater than 12in./min,do not alter the final results of tensile strength and elongation determinations to any practical extent.N OTE 6—Caution:Consideration should be given to toxicity and flammability when selecting solvent cleaners.N OTE 7—It is important that the polysulfide solution be of propercomposition and strength at the time of test.A solution that is not saturatedTABLE 7Resistivity ValuesConductivity at 20°C,%100.0097.6697.1696.1694.1693.15V ·lb/mile 2875.20896.15900.77910.15929.52939.51V ·g/m 20.153280.156940.157750.159400.162790.16454V ·cmil/ft10.37110.61910.67410.78511.01511.133V ·mm 2/m0.0172410.0176540.017745.0179300.0183120.018508µV ·in.0.678790.695040.698630.705900.720920.78267µV ·cm 1.7241 1.7654 1.7754 1.7930 1.83121.8508with sulfur or that has been made from decomposed sodium sulfidecrystals may give a false indication of failure.Therefore,the requirementthat the solution be tested by observing its blackening effect on a brightcopper wire is significant.Significant also is the requirement that thesolution be saturated with sulfur by allowing the solution to stand at least24h after preparation.Attention is called also to the necessity for the useof sodium sulfide that has not deteriorated through exposure to air;and ifexposure has occurred,the crystals should be tested for purity.The“Standard Reagents Tests”of the American Chemical Society are useful inthis connection.N OTE 8—A lot should comprise material taken from a product regularlymeeting the requirements of this specification.Inspection of individuallots of less than 5000lb of wire cannot be justified economically.Forsmall lots of 5000lb or less,the purchaser may agree to the manufactur-er’s regular inspection of the product as a whole,as evidence of acceptability of such small lots.N OTE 9—Cumulative results secured on the product of a single manu-facturer,indicating continued conformance to the criteria,are necessary to ensure an over-all product meeting the requirements of this specification.The sample sizes and conformance criteria given for the various charac-teristics are applicable only to lots produced under these conditions.N OTE 10—The value of density of copper is in accordance with the International Annealed Copper Standard.The corresponding value at 0°C is 8.90g/cm 3(0.32150lb/in.3).In calculations involving density it must be borne in mind that the apparent density of coated wire is not a constant but a variable function of wire diameters.The smaller the diameter,the greater the percentage of coating present and hence the greater departure from the density of copper.The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@ (e-mail);or through the ASTM website().。
眼镜英语相关专业术语
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Analytical Procedure for Elongation Measurement for Copper / Nickel foils by Elongation Tester
By:Davidep66 Equipment / Reagent needed:
1. Elongation Tester
2. Lightbox
3. Drying Oven (0-150°C)
4. Double-bladed shear
5. Vernier micrometer
Elongation Analysis:
Copper foils:
1. Check the foil sample to find any pinholes using a lightbox. Test strips should be cut to avoid pinholes which cause premature fracture and consequently, low elongation values.
2. Bake the foil at 125 °C for 5 hours, and allow to cool down to room temperature.
3. Cut test strips 0.5 inch wide using a double-bladed shear. The shear being used is Model JDC-
50 from Thwing-Albert as referenced in both IPC-TM-650 and ASTM E 345-93 standard.
4. Measure the thickness of the test strips to the nearest 0.0001 inch at five places in the central
two-inch region of the strip using a vernier micrometer as per ASTM E 345-93. (The use of a micrometer gives better thickness accuracy than weighing a sample, measuring its dimensions and assuming a standard density).
5. Place the test strip in the tensile test machine using an initial jaw spacing of 2.0 inches and a
travel rate of 0.2 inch/minute.
6. Calculate the tensile strength and percent elongation from the dimensions of the strip and
the data from the tensile test machine.
Nickel foils:
1.Repeat the procedures above, but Step 2 is skipped.
Remarks:
1. Nickel foils must be prepared under normal working conditions (e.g. concentration of every bath compositions & additives, temperature, current density, pH, agitation) as stated in Technical Bulletin.
2. The optimum thickness for tensile testing of nickel foils is ranged between 0.0008 and 0.001 inch (20 to 25 microns). Too thick nickel foils should be avoided.
3. Pinholes and thin spots in the Nickel foils would cause premature fracture of the strips and led to lower tensile test values. Pinholes and thin spots can be verified by a light box (Unfortunately, it is very difficult to plate foils in this thickness range that are free of pinholes.。