英语词汇大全：木工-(厦门韦博英语分享)
木工 - 自制工具(英文)
Make tools and jigs for wood turningWood turners are tool "junkies." There is the dream that given the perfect tool we will make the prefect cut. If we only the tool of Gee Whiz the wood turner we too could be just as good. Of course that implies that we also need 20 years of practice with that perfect tool, just like Gee Whiz has, but that will not stop us from getting the tool. Price on the other hand, can stop us cold.Yet most lathe tools are not hard to make for someone who works in a typical home shop. Take a look at your turning tools. They have a handle, a shaft and a cutting or scraping tip. Sometimes the tip is an integral part of the shaft, sometimes it is added on. To make most tools you need to be able to turn a handle, drill a hole, cut a piece of steel, tap the hole in the steel, and put it all together. Since tapping is no harder than driving a screw, you have probably done all this. We just have to put it all together and make a tool.the dig in dangers. Bill Jones, the third generation Englishturner, is a strong advocate of the tool especially in smallspindle turnings.The desire to brighten up a bowl encouraged me to make Arraya detailing or texturing tool which is also good for bandingspindles.Some time ago the lack of cash and need for a bowlgouge reminded me of an article I had read in AmericanWoodturner Magazine about Knud Oland. This excellent Array turner had designed a tool for general faceplate turningthat could be easily made in the home shop andencouraged others to do so. The Oland tool has sincebecome my tool of choice for faceplate work, although Ihave bowl gouges from 1/4" to 5/8".For end grain hollowing a hook tool is a great idea. However for a hook tool, one needs a hook.I wanted a swan neck tool for hollowing some forms and it does come in handy.I also considered that an articulated hollowing tool would let me reach some otherwise awkward places.For some time I wanted a set of Cole Jaws for reverse turning bowl bottoms but I could not justify the price, so I made a set of bottoming jaws with which I am very pleased.A screw chuck comes in handy a lot of the time. It is an old and efficient way of holding wood on the lathe. If you have purchased a scroll chuck, it likely came with an insert for a screw chuck, but even so it is nice to have an extra.the world. She also likes to carve so I decided to makeher a travelling carver's set with a handle that takesinterchangeable blades. Knowing that some people like tocarve on turnings or would like to start, I took photos ofthe process. I was not sure whether to put the page undertools or projects, but this seems to work. If you turnindividual handles, you can easily make a carving set forthe shop.faceplate or have ten to twelve pieces ready to go withutstopping to change faceplates for each one. In thesecases, dedicated, threaded glue blocks are often just theticket. They are simple, quick and cheap to make andeasy to use.I like to turn hollow forms. While the normal set ofhollowing tools works for smaller forms, I like to use a setwith an arm brace for larger ones. In fact, if I can workthrough a hole of 3/4" or more, I would just as soon usean arm brace for smaller pieces as well. An arm bracegives a nice control over the torque of a side cut on ahollow form. Incidentally, Solomon was right as usual,there is nothing new under the sun. After I had come upwith this idea, I saw a virtually identical arm brace in aGMC publication on tips for wood turners.Make a three point tool, it is easier to use than a skew and does a lot of thesame things.As I have noted before, one of my favorite things to enjoy in turning is to make my own tools. While there are a myriad of tools available in the catalogs, they amount to scrapers and cutters. The variety is a huge variation in tips, profiles, specialty steels and ingenious angles. One can spend a fortune on tools. However, in the past people made their own or had the local smith make them and then turned a handle. In fact, many turners such as myself either buy their tools unhandled or remove proprietary handles and make our own. So the difficulty becomes working with metal. I was surprised to find that it is well within reach of most home workshops. The general tooling required is a drill, files, hammers, grinder, hack saw, vise, and propane torch. A drill press makes life easier but a hand model electric drill is certainly adequate. Mechanic's vises have a small anvil and a four inch or larger vise will have an anvil suitable for our purposes. For certain tools a metal tap is required but this is inexpensive and no harder to use than a screw driver.For now I wish to describe the making of a three-point tool because I do not own one and wish to try one out. Instead of spending over thirty dollars to do so I decide to spend less than three and throw in fifteen minutes of fun. If you have not done much spindle turning, add another fifteen to twenty minutes of enjoyment.Aside from your lathe you will need for this project1. wood for handle about 1 1/4" x 7" (here I am using ash)2. drill and bits to 3/8"3. 3/8" x 5" round High Speed Steel tool bit (Enco#3837030 or similar)4. grinderMount the wood for the handle between centers and turnto your favorite handle shape. If you are not sure what thatis, try the feel of a couple of your lathe tools andshamelessly copy the one you like. I am using mymonotube lathe from Canadian Tire and turning about2500 rpm.I like an elongated bead tapering to the tool shaft followedby a stretched o ut cove to a round at the end of thehandle. I do not bother with a ferrule. Sand and finish asyou like but I like a handle as it comes from skew orgouge. Finishes in my estimation are unecessary for ahandle unless you plan to sell it and need it looking fancy.On the other hand I had a piece of rosewood next to thelathe so I used it to rub a little band of color at the end ofthe handle. Part the handle from the lathe.Drill a 3/8" hole in the business end of the handle. I use ajig in the drill press for this but if you hold the handle in abench vise and take your time, a hand drill will do. Aboutan inch should be sufficiently deep for this tool. While thetemptation is to bury that tool shaft as far as possible, itturns out that many of the tools we use have from one tofour inches of shaft in the handle and an inch and a half isfar more common than four inches.Press fit the tool shaft into the handle. If the fit is a bitloose, glue the shaft in place. I like a polyurethane glue buta thick CA and a shot of accelorator will let us continuequickly.Mark three evenly space dots around the perimeter of theshaft end and a dot in the center. Let us go to the grinder.Set your grinding table to about 150 degrees and with thetwo of the points parallel to the ground, i.e. the surface ofthe wheel, grind to center. You now have one markopposite a flat. The edges of the flat are your other twomarks.Repeat the grinding with each of the remaining sides togive a tool with a center point and three cutting edges.Now to use the tool. Mount a piece of scrap on the lathe and round it down. I used a piece of the same block from which I cut the handle blank. Try a few beads. With a face of the tool facing up, lever the point into the wood. I found that it would comfortably cut a little way similarly to a parting tool and then it was easy to widen the "v" with little side plunges. Turning a bead seemed easiest by rolling the tool from the bottom of the "v" to the top in violation of everything I have learned in turning spindles, but it gives a great surface. Surface cuts like a skew are simple but coves are going to take a lot of practice. I will putthis one into the spindle arsenal.Use simple workshop tools to make a detailing tool to enhance yourwoodturnings.Every now and then I get the urge to obtain more shelf space by finish turning a stack ofbowls. As I was doing so one morning, I found that one of the bowls was rather bland, if black cherry can ever be considered to be bland. What it needed, I decided, was a textured band around it, just below the rim.Not having a texturing tool, I was left with three options1. Laboriously detail the band using a cutter in a Dremel, which I have done inthe past and really it is not bad, just time consuming.2. buy a texturing tool3. make a texturing toolThe latter option was obviously the most fun, least expensive and fastest, since the closest place to buy the tool is an hour's drive away; I had a wheel for the texturing tool since I hadsome replacement cutters for my star wheel dresser for the grinder; and all I had to do was fix a shaft for it and put it in a handle.I first took a piece of scrap maple and turned a 10" handleabout 1 1/2" in diameter. It tapers to about an inch at the Array end having left a long bead just before. I generally neithersand nor finish a handle and ignore any small tear out orchatter. They just make the handle have a better grip.Ferrules are not necessary unless you plan to sell the toolor submit it to unusual abuse.I then drilled a 5/8" hole, 2" deep into the end of the handle.I used a jig at the drill press but a hand drill will work okay ifyou are careful.Moving to the mechanic's vise I put in it a piece of cold rolled steel about 9" long and 5/8" diameter.Using a 4 1/2" angle grinder I cut a flat about 1/2" wide and a bit above the diameter of the rod and made it about. If you do not have an angle grinder you could grind it at your sharpening grinder.Returning to the drill press I drilled a 7/32" hole in preparation for a 6mm setscrew. A 1/4" bolt would also be fine but I started using 6mm set screws a while ago and stayed with them. I tapped the hole for a 6mm bolt.Now the shaft was inserted into the handle and the wheel attached with a washer and bolt. Leaving enough slack for turning, a set screw is inserted to jam against the bolt much in the same manner as two nuts are used on abolt to jam one another. This is necessary as the movement of the cutter will try to back out the bolt or to drive it tighter.I first tried the tool by roughing down a spindle and doing some textured bands.Then to the bowl. Here it is shown on the lathe but rotated 90 degrees.And here is the finished bowl. I think it would have taken aslong to texture using a Dremel, but the next time will befaster with the tool already made."Better than a bowl gouge, a lot cheaper to make."For some time I have found the Oland tool, designed by the late Knud Oland, to be my favorite faceplate turning tool. While it may be pu rchased, it was the intention of thedesigner that it be easy to make in the home shop.This is a shot of my 1/4" Oland Tool. Note that this is a working tool and nothing was done to make it fancy for sale. I turned a handle about 14" long and drilled a 5/8 hole about 2 1/2" deep into it. The shaft is cold rolled steel with about 10" extended from the handle.The tip is a 1/4" x 2 1/2" HSS cutting tool, standard in the metal lathe industry.As you can see I have drilled and tapped for a set screw about 1/2" behind the tip. I find this sufficient to hold the tip in place although you might want to put another set screwabout 1/2" behind the first. Out of habit I use 6mm x 1 set screws but 1/4" x 20 would work as well. I have also ground the end of the shaft back to give a bit more clearance for the cuts. The tip is ground to about 45 degrees and is usually more rounded than I have it The Oland tool, my favorite for faceplate turning. It is hard to catch this one.here. I like the point and a slightly longer edge to the tip. This is a cutting tool and meant to be used with the bevel rubbing.I hope this helps as you try to make your own Oland tools. The skills are basic to wood working. You need to be able to turn a handle, drill a hole, tap that hole, drive a screw and sharpen. Since tapping a hole is little different than driving a screw, the procedure should be well within the capacity of any wood turner.At the end of March I found myself turning a flowerpot out of red maple, finished size to be about 7 1/2" high by about 10" diameter. As I worked my way in two things were clear: a hook tool was needed to clear the wood and my 1/2" shafted hook tool was going to chatter too much for this job. The answer was to make a 3/4" shafted hook tool. As the principal is the same as for the Oland, I have decided to illustrate the procedure.The materials needed are an 18" length of cold rolled steel,3/4" in diameter; an 18" length of 3/4" galvanized pipe or anyother handle of your choice; three set screws 6mm x 1mm;hooks. I wrote an article some time ago for MoreWoodturning Magazine explaining how to make hooks andhook tools, but it lacked illustration.I use a very simple jig to hold the shaft for drilling. It is one v-block fastened to a block of wood at 90 degrees. It is boltedto the drill press table support. Another v-block holds theshaft in place and is tightened with a clamp. Begin to drillwith a 1/6" diameter bit and work up gradually to 3/16" orwhatever is necessary to hold your bits. I use a spot of oilfrom time to time to ease the cutting. Back the drill outfrequently to clear the metal shavings. If you have ever had adrill bit jam with maple shavings, think of it and rememberthese are steel.Now you need to drill for the set screw. Just hold the rod inplace for the drill to cut. The set up I have here is both simpleand inexpensive. The vise holds the rod steady and theclamp holds the v ise. A v-block and clamps will work just aswell, but I have these and it is a bit easier. Line up the drill bitcarefully. Your tap should have a recommended hole size fortapping. I remove the appropriate drill from my set of bits thatare graduated in 64ths, one of those sets of bits thateveryone has on sale from time to time, so that I do not drillpast that diameter. Work up from 1/16" again. It soon gets tobe a habit.To tap the hole you need a tap that fits your intended set screw along with a tap wrench. I use 6mm x 1mm as a standard but 1/4" x 20 is a good one as well. For these small sizes especially, a dedicated tap wrench that costs under $10.00 is a good investment. This one is a bit of overkill at this size but works all the way up to 1/2" and will work for smaller.Tapping the hole is like driving a bolt with a wrench when the threads are covered with something sticky. Screw in a turn and back off a half turn. Do it again and again until the hole is tapped all the way through. From time to time add a touch of oil. It goes very quickly at this size. When you are all the way through, back out the tap, blow the hole clear, add a touch of oil and run the tap through a couple of times to clear the threads well. Put in place your bit and set screw.Do the same drill and tap procedure to the galvanized steelhandle about 1/2" and 1" back from the end. I am cheating a bit here as I am using the same handle that I use on my 3/8" Oland tool. The duct tape makes it a bit more comfortable for me especially on cold days.This is the tool leaning up against the bench leg. Sometimeswhen I use it, especially with the Oland tip, I want to holler"Thar she blows!" and harpoon that wood.And these are a couple of the hooks that I use. If you plan onusing a commercial hook or ring, just drill the appropriateholes in the shaft. It is easy to make the shaft double ended.Drill and tap the other end and flip it in the handle.The Oland Tool In UseSome people object to the Oland tool because it looks like a scraper and they want to make shavings. If you have a fast connection, here are a few 30 second movies of the Oland tool in use. The first is a 1/2" Oland removing the bark from a piece of poplar. Second is the same tool rounding down the poplar and turning one end for a bead. Third we have a 3/8" Ola nd with swept back edges beading the other end. Please keep in mind that this is wet, stringy poplar and the viewing, on my machine at least, appears to be in real time.To give you some idea of the utility of the Oland tool, here a few pieces which have been turned using it. Each has been mounted first between centers and roughed out, then dried, mounted to a glue block and finish turned. After sanding they have been finished with tung oil.This ash bowl is about five inches square and 2 inches high.This rectangular bowl in black cherry is about 10 inches long by 9 wide and three high.Make a hook toolWhile I had written an article for "More Woodturning" a while ago on hook tools, I had not taken any pictures at the time. Hopefully these will help you in your efforts to make yourown. A handle and a shaft are prepared in the usual way. See instructions on Oland tools for hints. A 3/16" hole is generally needed for the hook.These pictures were taken because I needed a hook to use at the bottom of a 9" diameter, 7" deep flower pot turned end grain. I was having difficulty getting the inside bottom cut square across as well as having trouble with the transition from bottom to side.A hook is fun to use but takes a fair bit of practice. It is like using a bowl gouge on a spindle with the bevel rubbing but no tool rest. The rest is way out away from the cuttingsurface and at close to right angles with it. The shavings just fly. When the shavings curl off and you hear a "swish" you know you have it right. On the other hand, it is a good idea to make hooks in small batches. Catches can be spectacular and can bend a 3/16" pieceof steel.Here in the middle of the messy shop are the items neededfor making the hook. This is simple black smithing. Do not letit phase you. It is one of the earliest trades mentioned in theBible. People have done this for a long time. You can too. Ihave here a torch in a holder for safety's sake. The holder Array has a tenon on the bottom which is held in the jaws of thehorse. The torch has a brazing tip but a regular propane tip isfine, it just takes a tad longer. On the fire brick at right is avise grip holding an annealed masonry nail and a sparker forlighting the torch. A hammer is on the left.A word about the metal used. I use 2" masonry nailsbecause they are a cheap and easy source of high carbontool steel. They come hardened and need to be annealed.Just heat them to red hot with the torch and rest them to coolslowly. That is it. Done. I use a fire brick to rest them on tocool but any fire proof surface will work.This is a standard 5" mechanic's vise with a piece of 3/16"rod held in the jaws; more on that later. The flat part at theback is called an anvil and that is exactly what we will use itfor.to form it to the shape of the nail on the right. The head wasnot cut off. It is faster to heat and hammer it flat.Now to the grinder. I want a hook with an inside bevel for the particular cuts I am about to make. An outside bevel is usual and the one I use the most. As you look at the nail with edge up ward, for an outside bevel grind it on the left, for an inside grind it on the right. Here it is ground on the right. I first grind the edges straight, then the sides flat, then the bevel to about45 degrees.Now, about that steel rod upright in the vise. Incidentally, a nail about 3/16" in diameter will do as well. Do not have the head above the vise, just a clear, unobstructed shaft. Heat the flat end of the hook to be in the torch to red hot and use a pair of pliers to bend it around the steel rod.Give it another heat just behind the hook bend it with the pliers to a little less than 90 degrees.The hook has to be hardened and tempered before use. Heat it red now and plunge it immediately into a bucket of water. Use at least a gallon. This hardens the steel but makes it brittle so it needs to be tempered. Incidentally, I have changed to a regular torch head and a tank that is almost out of fuel. I find a light flame easier to use when tempering such a small piece of steel.Now for the tricky part, tempering the steel. This is not hard, just tricky and if you blow it, just reheat to red and plunge it into the water and start again. First, you need to see the steel well. Grind or sand it to shiny. I use a 3/16" chain saw sharpening stone in a Dremel. It is also what I use to sharpen the hook as I use it in turning.This is a bit of a dance. Take your time. Touch the hook to the flame and remove it. Look at the hook. Steel oxidizes quickly in the presence of heat. If you have seen a tool blue when grinding, that is oxidation. We do not want to get to blue but to straw. Touch and look, touch and look. As soon as the hook turns straw, plunge it into the water and swirl it Array around. Look at it. If it looks straw or bronze, great. If not,heat to red, quench in the water, polish and try again. Noharm done.the shaft. I used a set of bolt cutters but whatever works isgood.It is the one on the left. Incidentally, it did the cuts I needed,but I still prefer an outer bevel for most hook work.Making the swan neck tool.I recently tried a few methods of making a swan neck hollowing tool. A while ago I had made one of 3/8" diameter, but I wanted one of 1/2" diameter to reduce chatter in vessels over 5" in depth. I began with a piece of 1/2" cold rolled steel and prepared a sketch of the desired tool. The first couple of inches I wanted straight to facilitate the drilling of a hole for the cutting tip. I also planned to have the tip in line with the center line of the handle.The sketch was transferred to a block of maple and cut out on the bandsaw. I dropped it into my bench vise and squeezed it into theform. The vise was easily repaired. There is a lot of pressurerequired for a cold bend like this.As I had a six ton hydraulic jack on hand I decided to try it with a home made press. So far the budget was really nothing except the length of rod. I splurged on a length of 3/4" all thread and some nuts and washers. I had some square steel tubing on hand but I could have used galvanized pipe and later used it for pipe clamps or for tool handles. The make up of the press is pretty self exp lanatory from the picturesIn goes the steel and the jack is slowly raised for the firstbend. Some careful positioning and the second bend isaccomplished. Then I checked it with my sketch andrealized a bit of tweaking was needed. I decided to bend it abit at the point where the arrow directs.. I fiddled a bit with the blocks first to make them easier tohandle and was ready to go.Now that looks much better. Next I go to the drill press anddrill for a 3/16" square bit, my common size for hollowingtools. The hole needs to be about 9/32" and the easiest wayto drill it is to start about 1/6" and creep up on it in smallincrements.Rotate 90 degrees and drill a 13/64" inch hole to tap for a 6 x 1 mm set screw or adjust for the set screw of your choiceTapping the hole is a lot like driving a screwby hand. Back up a half turn now and thento clear shavings from the tap. All thatremains is to turn a handle to fit. I like abouta 15" shaft with 12" e xtending from thehandle and about a 16" handle. As analternative, a piece of galvanized or blackpipe with a couple of set screws allows aheavy handle that lets you adjust the lengthof shaft. I like to wrap the end of the handlewith cotton cord for comfort in. a cold shop.So all that remained was to put the tool inthe handle, install a cutting bit, sharpen andtry it out. It worked well. Next I have to makean armbrace for it and see if I like that.The armbrace turned out to work well although it will take a bit of getting used to as I use it.You really need a short bed lathe or one with a swivel head to use this I think. The pictures are pretty self explanatory. There is a 3" x 1/2" galvanized nipple which has been drilled and tapped for a couple of set screws, a 90 degree 1/2" elbow, a 2" x 1/2" nipple, a 90 degree 1/2" elbow and a 12" length of 1/2" galvanized with 1/2 of a 4" ABS couple screwed to it with self tapping metal screws. I think it took longer to think of it than it did to make it.I was asked if I knew of an easy method in the home shop for making a hollowing tool with an easily adjustable angle of tip. After a fair amount of thought I must admit that I looked at the tool rack at a scraper handle I had made a while ago. Embarrassingly I had the tooland method in front of me. I had used a grinder to put a flat on the end of the tool and drilled and tapped for a 6mm x 1 bolt. One washer and a cutting tip and voila. I think a 5/8" swan neck tool with an adjustable tip is called for.Make an articulated tip hollowing toolOne of the difficulties I have run into as some of the hollow forms I have been turning have gotten a little more complicated, is the reaching into certain areas, especially around the rim. I concluded that I needed an adjustable or articulated hollowing tool. The following is what I have come up with, although it is subject to a bit of tweaking. It seems to be working well.First of all I hunted in the scrap bin and found apiece of 5/16" steel. 1/4" would have done but I workwith what I have. It is mounted in a vise and markedto cut off a piece about 3" x 5/8" . I used an anglegrinder but a hack saw would do fine if a bit slower.Next I mounted a piece of 5/8" cold rolled steel rodand measured to cut off about 10".That piece goes back into the vise ready to have theend ground to a receiving platform. Again I am usingan angle grinder but if you do not have one, it couldbe ground on the grinder.Here are a couple of shots of the receiving platform ground to about the half way part of the rod and about 7/8" long.The rod and bar.The bar is cut to 2" long and the ends slightly rounded.Now to the drill press where the bar is drilled on each end, one to 13/64" to receive a tapping for a 6m x 1 bolt and the other to 15/64" to receive another bolt without tapping. Your bolt may vary in size so drill accordingly. The receiving platform on the rod is drilled to be tapped.The bar and rod are tapped as necessary.The parts ready for assembly. From the upper left, a 3/16" cutting tip, 6mm washer, 6mm bolt, articulating bar, 6mm bolt, shaft.Assembled upper and lower view.Finally, here it is mounted in a home made arm brace, ready to be used. Any hollowing tool with the cutting tip so far from the angle of rotation will have a lot of torque so an arm brace helps to give control.Not able to leave well enough alone, I made a few changes. First of all I made a shorter arm and then changed from hex cap bolts to a pan head for the cutter and flat head for the arms. I also countersunk for for the flat head screws. Here is, starting from the upper left, the cutting tip, washer, pan head screw, flat head screws, short arm, long arm, and shaft.I now have several options: long arm, short arm, both armsMake a set of jaws for your chuck to turn off the bottoms of bowls.As I tend to turn about six or eight bowls in a row and then letthe finish dry to later finish the bottoms, I decided I needed, orat least wanted, a quick way to do the bottoms. One Waymakes a great set of large jaws for my One Way chuck, butthe price is beyond me. So I made one. To start with I took apiece of 3/4" plywood about 14" on a side and drew as large acircle as I could on it.A little geometry and it was divided into 4 quadrants.。
木材类专业英语123
木材材综合利用wood comprehensive utilization全树利用whole-tree utilization, complete-tree utilization 木材工艺学wood technology制材lumbering制材产品lumber product锯材sawn timber成材lumber板材board方材square毛方cant毛边材unedged lumber板条strip半圆材half-round wood半成材shop lumber净面材clear cutting board板皮slab下脚料offcuts跑锯材miss cut lumber粗锯材unwrought timber小方材butten钝棱材waney lumber灰板条lath制材工艺sawing technology原木剥皮log barking原木整形log rough rounding划线下锯pattern line sawing锯剖图sawing pattern避心下锯法side cut抽心下锯法box heart sawing弦向下锯法plain sawing, flat sawing径向下锯法center sawn三面下锯法three-faced sawing四面下锯法four-faced sawing毛板下锯法through-and-through sawing 锯路saw kerf[锯]齿料tooth setting拨料briar dressing, spring set压料swaging, swage set[原木]出材量mill run出材率out-put, percentage of cut-turn 木材干燥wood drying自然干燥natural seasoning, air seasoning又称“气干”。
人工干燥artificial seasoning除湿干燥dehumidification真空干燥vacuum drying微波干燥microwave drying太阳能干燥solar drying过热蒸汽干燥superheated steam drying高频干燥radio-frequency drying, high-frequency drying 高温干燥high-temperature drying气干材air-seasoned timber窑干材kiln-dried timber堆积材积stacked volume干燥基准drying schedule, kiln schedule干燥应力drying stress含水率梯度moisture gradient干燥缺陷drying defect表面硬化casehardening中心硬化reverse casehardening又称“逆表面硬化”。
木工行业英语词汇
S School table 课桌
Screen 屏风 Seat 痤椅 Seating element 痤垫 Secretarial chair 秘书椅 3-section mirror 三面梳妆镜 semi-CKD 半拆装家具 serving table 送餐桌
家具英译（1）——家具种类 A Adjustable bed 可调床 Air bed 气床 Anti-slip strip for stairs （儿童床）防滑楼梯打击扶手 Antique furniture 古式家具 Antique reproduction furniture 仿古家具 Armchair 扶手椅
1
Hutch 碗架
I Institutional furniture 风俗家具，公用家具
J Junior desk chair 学生书桌椅
K Kitchen block /kitchen rock 厨房地砖 Kitchen cabinet 餐具柜 Kitchen chair, stool and bench 厨房椅、圆凳及条椅 Kitchen fitment 厨房固定家具 Kitchen table 厨房餐桌 Kitchen unit 厨房成套家具
M Managerial mediumback chair 中背经理椅 Margined flush door 镶边平板门 Mattress 床垫，席梦思 Mediumback executive chair 中背办公椅 Metal furniture 金属家具 Mirror door 玻璃门 Mirror for chest of drawers 多屉柜梳妆镜 Multi-purpose sofa 多用沙发 Multi-purpose table 多用桌
工地英语短语
1 常用工具钢模板steel formwork/steel shuttering 钢管steel pipe脚手架scaffolding扣件fasteners合板plywood木料timber或者wood方木square wood木板plank或者board起钉锤claw hammer卷尺tape measure角尺square扳手spanner手锯handsaw钢锯hacksaw撬杠pinch bar/crow bar 手提电锯portable power saw电线electrical wire铅笔pencil图纸drawing铁锹shovel清理clean/remove大big小small多many/much少few ttle筛子sand screen/sieve平口螺丝刀flat screw-driver梅花螺丝刀star screw-driver扎丝binding wire铅丝iron wire钉子nail电钻power drill电锤power hammer动力夯power rammer手提电刨portable power plane螺丝杆threaded rod螺丝screw螺母nut铁垫iron pad木垫wooden cushion pad 钢筋iron rod电焊机welding machine电焊条welding rod/electrode汽油petrol/gasoline柴油diesel机油engine oil钳子pliers尖嘴钳子cutting pliers发电机generator闸刀knife switch尼杜志勇下午4:25:134 小车部件名称发动机罩bonnet或hood行李箱boot或trunk保险杠bumper门door排气管exhaust-pipe消声器silencer 或muffle英车轮盖hubcap转向灯indicator light signal/ trafficator（尼经常用）车牌照number-plate cense plate牌照号码registration number尾灯rear light 或taillight后窗rear window后视镜side mirror/wing mirror车顶roof车顶架子roof rack边灯side light/parking light轮胎tyre /tire(英)挡风玻璃wind screen/wind shield雨刷器wiper油门踏板accelerator pedal/gas pedal制动器踏板brake pedal离合器踏板clutch pedal仪表盘dashboard或fascia（英）司机座位driver seat客座passenger seat后视镜rear-view mirror门把儿door handle头垫head rest变速杆gear lever/gearshift储物箱glove compartment手刹handbrake暖气设备heater喇叭horn点火开关ignition switch安全带seat belt气囊air bag速度计speedometer/speed indicator 里程表odometer/milometer空气滤清器air filter车轴axle蓄电池battery汽化器carburetor底盘chassis离合器clutch量油尺dip-stick差速器differential gear发电dynamo风扇fan风扇皮带fan belt导线leads汽油箱petrol tank/gas tank冷却器/水箱radiator避震器shock absorber启动发动机starter motor传动轴transmission shaft/ drive shaf 发动机engine机器machine配件spare part零件accessory/spare part螺栓bolt螺母nut垫圈washer纸垫paper gasket水箱/散热器radiator缸盖cylinder cap缸套cylinder sheath活塞piston活塞环piston ring活塞销piston pin汽缸cylinder连杆螺栓coupling bolt曲轴crank轴瓦shaft collar齿轮gear wheel轴承bearing发电机generator起动器/启动扭starter机油滤芯engine oil filter柴油滤芯diesel filter空气滤芯air filter仪表盘dashboard仪表meter方向盘steering wheel变速箱gearbox变速杆gearshift灯lamp ght灯罩lamp shade灯泡light bulb驾驶室driving cab石棉垫圈asbestos washer内胎inner tube弹簧spring密封圈seal紧固tighten/fasten/screw up松动loose/loosen拆掉dismantle/remove固定fix修理repair/fix/mend 例句：fix the punctured tyre well。
木工的英文单词
木工的英文单词“木工”的英文单词是“carpenter”或者“woodworker”。
1. carpenter读音：英[ˈkɑːpəntə(r)]；美[ˈkɑːrpəntər]。
词性：名词，意为木工，木匠。
例如：The carpenter built a beautiful wooden cabinet.（这位木工打造了一个漂亮的木柜。
）词源：来自拉丁语carpentarius，而carpentum原指古代的一种两轮马车，因为马车是由木工制造的，所以这个词后来就表示木工了。
2. woodworker读音：英[ˈwʊdwɜːkə(r)]；美[ˈwʊdwɜːrkər]。
词性：名词，指木工艺家，木工。
例如：The woodworker is skilled in making all kinds of wooden furniture.（这位木工擅长制作各种木制家具。
）二、相关词汇拓展1. carpentry（名词）意为木工手艺，木工业。
例如：He learned carpentry from his father.（他从他父亲那里学习木工手艺。
）2. woodworking（名词）表示木工活，木工手艺。
例如：Woodworking requires patience and precision.（做木工活需要耐心和精确性。
）3. woodwork（名词）有木制品，木工活的意思。
例如：The woodwork in this old house is very delicate.（这所老房子里的木制品非常精致。
）。
木工英语 词汇 中英对照
一字螺丝批 slot type screwdriver一点透视 one-point perspective二画二合一黏合剂 epoxy resin adhesive二合胶；混合胶 epoxy glue二维的；平面的 two-dimensional二进制 binary二极管；整流子 diode二号螺丝攻 second tap二路开关 two-way switch十进制的；公制的 metric人工制品 artefact人造板 man-made board人体工程学 ergonomics; human engineering 人体尺寸 human dimension人体测量学 anthropometry; anthropometrics 刀片 blade刀身 blade刀具 tool刀具溜座 carriage刀柱 tool post刀架 tool rest刀架底座 tool rest bracket刀座帷；床鞍 apron刀座鞍；溜板座 saddle力 force力三角形 triangle of force力平行四边形 parallelogram of force 力多边形；多边形力学 polygon of force 力的分解 force resolution力架；亮漆 lacquer力矩 moment力偶 couple力矩定律 law of moment力-距离图表 force-distance graph力图 force diagram力线 line of force力点 effort十字榫 cross halving joint十字螺丝Philip’s head screw十字螺丝批Philip’s type sc rewdriver 丁字尺；T 尺 tee square三画三爪夹头 three-jaw chuck三角尺 set square三角形结构系杆 triangulation tie三角锉 triangular file三维的；立体的 three-dimensional三氯甲烷；哥罗芳 chloroform三聚氰?胺；蜜胺 melamine三点透视 three-point perspective上油漆 painting上釉 enamelling凡立水 varnish叉形顶尖 fork centre口罩 mask士力；虫漆 shellac士巴拿；扳手 spanner大芯夹板；宽条芯夹板 blockboard; solid corestock-laminated board 大量制造 mass production子口刨；槽口刨；边刨 rebate plane小型平槽刨 miniature router plane小型线料弯曲器 small wire bender小型弯折机 mini bender小型电路断路器；跳菲 miniature circuit breaker (MCB)小齿轮 pinion山樟 San Cheong工件 workpiece工字梁 I beam工作面 working surface工作图；制作图 working drawing 工作台 bench; working table工具 tool工具贮存室 tool storage工具槽 well工具钢 tool steel工场 workshop工场安全 workshop safety工程字书写技巧 lettering工程系统 engineering system工程绘图 engineering drawing工业酒精；火酒 methylated spirit 弓形手钻；手摇曲柄钻 brace弓形手钻嘴 brace bit弓锯 bow saw; hacksaw弓锯片 hacksaw blade弓锯床 hacksawing machine四画不平衡 imbalance不含铁金属；非铁金属 non-ferrous metal不贯穿孔；闭孔；盲孔 blind hole不贯穿鸠尾榫 lapped dovetail joint不对称 asymmetry不锈钢 stainless steel不稳定平衡 unstable equilibrium中心 centre中心线 centre line中心冲 centre punch中心钻 centre drill中心钻嘴 centre bit中央处理器 central processing unit (CPU)中性 neutral中性平衡；随遇平衡 neutral equilibrium中性轴 neutral axis中密度纤维板 medium density fibre board (MDF)中粗锉纹 second cut中碳钢 medium carbon steel中线 neutral wire互补金属氧化物半导体 complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS)介子；垫片 washer介指铁 ring mandrel介电常数；电容率 permittivity介稳态的；亚稳态的 metastable内力 internal force内卡尺 inside calipers内能 internal energy内涵性质 intensive properties内圆弯凿 scribing gouge内锁式配件 interlocking fitting 内燃机 internal combustion engine 内螺纹制造法 tapping内螺丝 internal thread内弯边 concave edge六角金属枝 hexagonal bar六角匙 Allen key六角头螺丝 hexagonal head screw 公制的；十进制的 metric公差 tolerance冗余构件 redundant member分力 component force分子 molecule分子力 molecular force分切；分割；切断 parting off分贝 decibel分析 analysis分析及批判学 analytical and critical studies 分析器 analyzer分流器 shunt分界面；界面；接口 interface分厘卡 micrometer分规 divider分割车刀架 parting tool holder分解 decomposition分压器 potential divider; voltage divider隔离开关 isolating switch切削工具 cutting tool切削液 cutting fluid切削深度 depth of cut切屑；碎屑 chip切线锯法 tangential sawing切辊纹；滚纹 knurling切断；分切；分割 parting off切断工具 parting tool勾；勾脚 hook勾刀；胶片?刀 plastic cutter化胶水 tensol反向偏压 reverse biased反相放大器 inverting amplifier 反相器 inverter反射 reflection反电动势 back e.m.f.反馈；回输 feedback天拿水；稀释剂 thinner天梯牙；齿条 gear rack天然木材 natural timber天然干燥法 air seasoning孔隙率 porosity尺寸 dimension尺寸线 dimension line尺身 blade引力；重力 gravitational force 心形凸轮 heart-shaped cam心材 heartwood心轴 mandrel心销 core pin手工具 hand tool手工锯 junior hacksaw手削法 paring手持虎钳 hand vice手柄 handle手套 gloves手扫漆 brushing lacquer手推车 barrow手提式竖线锯 portable jigsaw手提电动工具 portable power tool 手提电钻 electric hand drill手进给 hand feed手摇曲柄钻；弓形手钻 brace手摇钻 hand drill手锉 hand file手锯；板锯 handsaw手锥 bradawl手辘轧机 hand rolling machine支柱；支撑物 strut支架；支座 support支点 fulcrum; pivot文字 text方向 direction方向针 pointing needle方枝 square bar方波形 square waveform方波产生器 squarer方型牙板 rectangular die方格纸；网格纸 grid paper方通 square tube方块图 block diagram方锉 square file方头钻嘴 square shank bit方螺帽 square nut方边凿；直边凿 firmer chisel木 wood木工 woodwork木工工作间 woodwork area木工工作台woodworker’s bench木工车床 wood turning lathe; woodworking lathe 木工铅笔carpenter’s pencil木工刨床 thicknessing and planning machine木牙螺丝；木螺钉 wood screw木材 timber木材车削 wood turning木材车削工具 wood turning tools木屑压合板；万花板 chipboard木条接榫 corner strip joint木圆头槌 doming mallet木模；模型 patterns木线 wood strip木胶粉 ureaformal dehyde resin glue木锉 rasp木螺钉；木牙螺丝 wood screw木槌 mallet止推轴承 thrust bearing止推垫圈 thrust washer比例 proportion比例尺 scale比例常数 proportionality constant比例极限 proportional limit比较器 comparator比热容量 specific heat capacity水平投影面 horizontal plane水平仪；平水尺 spirit level水气掣；漏电断路掣 earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) 水晶胶；聚酯树脂 polyester resin水晶胶的铸造成形 resin casting水磨砂纸 silicon carbide paper火叉 firing fork火水；煤油 kerosene火牛；变压器 transformer火石轮 grinder火花电蚀法；放电极加工 electrical discharge machining火酒；工业酒精 methylated spirit火钳 tongs火线；活线 live wire火砖 fire brick爪扣；爪形离合器；犬齿式离合器 dog clutch牙板；丝模 die牙板扳手；丝模扳手 die holder (stock)牙板螺帽 die nuts牛皮胶；动物胶 animal glue牛油纸 tracing paper牛顿运动定律Newton’s laws of motion犬齿式离合器；爪扣；爪形离合器 dog clutch五画丙烯;丁二烯苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-stryrene (ABS) 主轴；心轴 spindle主题 motif令(纸张的计数单位) ream凹座 recess凹模 hollowing block凸缘 flange凸缘联轴节 flange coupling凸轮 cam凸轮式配件 cam-action fitting凸轮传动 cam drive凸头螺丝 raised head screw加成作业；添加法 addition process加油 oiling加速器 accelerator功能；用途 function功率因子 power factor功率放大器 power amplifier功率板 power amplifier board功率晶体管 power transistor包氏记号法Bow’s notation「包浩思」；「包豪斯」〈设计风格) Bauhaus 半永固法；半永久接合 semi-permanent joining 半接榫 halving joint半闭式槽榫 stopped housing joint半圆(木)锉 half-round rasp半圆车刀 turning gouge半圆锉 half-round file半圆头铆钉 snap rivet半导体 semiconductor卡路里；卡(热量单位) calorie卡纸 card paper卡尺；测径器 calipers去角；倒角 chamfer可切削性 machinability可行性 feasibility可逆过程 reversible process可压缩性 compressibility可变电阻 variable resistor四分仪 quadrant四爪夹头 four-jaw independent chuck 四圆心法(绘图) four-centre method 外卡尺 outside calipers外形塑造 shaping外形线；轮廓线 outline外推法 extrapolation外圆弯凿 firmer gouge外螺纹 external thread外螺纹制造法 threading外弯边 convex edge外观 appearance失真 distortion尼龙；聚醯胺 nylon; polyamide (PA)尼龙墨水针笔 technical felt-tip pen左右调校杆 lateral adjusting level市售尺寸；标准尺寸 stock size市电频率；电源频率 mains frequency平(木)锉 flat rasp平水尺；水平仪 spirit level平行投影 parallel projection平行车削 parallel turning平行虎钳 parallel vice平行钉法 parallel nailing平底弯刨 flat faced spokeshave平底钻嘴 forstner bit平板结构 slab construction平流扼流圈；滤波扼流器 smoothing choke平流电容器；滤波电容器 smoothing capacitor 平流电路；滤汳电路 smoothing circuit平面板；正台 surface plate平面图；俯视图 plan平面锤 flatter平移 translation平搭榫 corner halving joint平嘴钳 flat nose pliers平槽刨 router plane平衡 balance; equilibrium平衡力 equilibrant平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡电桥 balanced bridge平头弧刀 square nose gouge幼纹 smooth cut打凹成形 hollowing打凸成形 raising打槽机 routing machine打线；打槽 routing打磨 fitting; polishing打磨机 polisher本生灯 Bunsen burner本征半导体 intrinsic semiconductor 正反器；触发器；复振器 flip-flop 正反馈；正回输 positive feedback 正火 normalizing正向偏置 forward bias正投影 orthographic projection正投影图 orthographic drawing正弦波形 sinusoidal waveform正面投影 front projection正视图 elevation; front elevation正极；阳极 anode正齿轮 spur gear正台；平面板 surface plate永久性接合 permanent joining瓦通纸；瓦楞纸板 corrugated board生长层 cambium layer生产图 production drawing生胶浆 rubber cement生钢；铸钢 cast steel生铁；铸铁 cast iron用途；功能 function白杨木 poplar白胶浆 PVA glue; white glue皮沙垫 leather sandbag皮革 leather皮革黏合剂 leather glue皮鞋 leather shoes目录 contents矢量；向量 vector石灰岩 limestone石英晶体振荡器 quartz crystal oscillator 石棉 asbestos; asbestus石膏 Plaster of Paris示波器 oscilloscope立体图 pictorial drawing六画交流电流 alternating current (a.c.)交流电压 a.c. voltage交联结构 cross-linked structure仿饰金 gilding metal伏特 volt光力架 clear lacquer光拉软钢 bright drawn mild steel (B.D.M.S.) 光敏电阻 light dependent resistor (LDR)光测弹性学 photoelasticity光刨；滑刨 smoothing plane光电效应 photoelectric effect光泽 lustre全闭式槽榫 closed housing joint共面力 coplanar force共聚合作用 co-polymerization共聚物 copolymer共价键 covalent bond共振；共鸣；谐振 resonance印刷电路板 printed circuit board (PCB)同素异形 allotropy同轴电缆 coaxial cable同温 equality of temperature向量；矢量 vector向量和 vector sum合力 resultant force合口扁钳 close mouth tongs合成色；等和色 secondary colour合成品 composite合成粅料 composite material合金 alloy合金工具钢 alloy tool steel合钉；定位销 dowel回火 tempering回复力 restoring force回复力偶 restoring couple回弹 resilience回输；反馈 feedback地线 earth wire多刃切削刀具 multi-point cutter多孔塑料；泡沫塑料；海绵状塑料 foam plastics多方榫接合 pinned joint多媒体 multi-media多晶性 polycrystallinity多谐振动器；多谐振荡器 multivibrator 多边形力学；力多边形 polygon of force 字母冲 letter punch字板 letter stencil安全 safety安全守则 safety rule安全系数 safety factor安全措施 safety precaution安全眼罩 safety goggle安全设备 safety equipment安全药箱 safety box安培 ampere安培计；电流表 ammeter尖脚 spur年轮 annual ring成本 cost成形 forming扣件；击固件 fastener扣钉 clout nail; cramp托架 bracket收缩 shrinkage曲柄 crank曲柄轴 crank shaft曲线规；云板；云尺 French curve有效的 efficient有效电流 effective current灰；灰末 ash百折胶；百折胶；聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP) 竹 bamboo羊角锤 claw hammer老化 ageing肋条 rib肌理；质感；质地 texture自由度 degree of freedom自动控制 automatic control自动进给 auto-feed自然干燥法 natural seasoning自感量 self-inductance自感应 self-induction色彩；颜色 colour色调 tone色环 colour wheel行星齿轮；周转齿轮 epicyclic gear。
木工专业英语资料
Lesson 1Word and vocabularyBase on :基于State-planned:计划经济Follow the relationship between the supply and demand：遵循供求关系Resource allocation：资源分配Wood supply shortage：木材资源短缺Be used to doing ：习惯于Used to doForester :林务官，护林人Renew:更新Rehabilitation ：恢复Forest cover：森林覆盖Forest cover percent:森林覆盖率Chinese Ministry of Forestry：中国林业部Chinese forest bureau:中国林业局Production capacity:生产能力Housing ：建筑Pulp and paper：制桨造纸Fuel：薪材Domestic supply：国内供应Afforestation：绿化Sentence1 So far, China has been losing its forest resources at a rate of about 1.4 million ha/yr, or about 2.5 ha every minute. This is mainly due to indiscriminate felling, state-planned felling programs and natural disasters2 With more than one-fifth of the world’s population, China in 1988 had o nly 3%of the world’s forest cover, on 12% of the country’s land. In 2004 China had 16.7% forest cover of the land.3 Moreover, according to statistics from the Chinese Ministry of Forestry, it is estimated that per-capita consumption of forest products will rise from 0.056 m3 in 1958 to 0.2 m3 in 1990(0.28 m3 now ). The world’s average currently is 0.58 m3 per capitation and 1.0 m3 per capitation for developed countries )questionsWhat is about wood supply and demand in China ?How to solve great gaps between wood supply and demand ? Lesson2Word and vocabularyGross feature ：宏观特征定义Softwood and heartwood:软材心材Stem , trunk and bark：树干树皮Woody material：木质材料Utilization ：利用Conversion ：转化Chip and chipboard：木片碎料板Timber ,wood and lumber：木材锯材Hand lens;普通放大镜Growth increment, growth ring and growth layer：生长轮与annual ring 却别Consist of and be composed ofWoody cells 木细胞Physiological role：生理作用Patterns of distribution：分布形态Vary with：变化Longitudinally ：纵向Make up：构成Bulk体积grain ：纹理Xylem：木质部parenchyma and prosenchyma：薄壁组织和锐端细胞组织Food storage elements：食物储存组织Protoplasm：原生质Epithelial cell：分泌细胞Resin canal：树脂道Perpendicular to ：垂至于Band of tissue：带状组织Specialized for ：专司Ray tracheid：射线管胞Identification ：鉴定Pith ,xylem ,cambium , phloem and barkWood ray 定义Veneer：单板Split：裂开Cross,transverse ,radial,tangential sectionVascular cambium, initiating layerCut across：横切Result from and result inConcentric ring：同心环Interface：界面Sapwood and heartwood 区别Inner core ：内层Outer shell：外壳Designate as：定义为Durability and permeability：耐久性和渗透性Temperate climate and tropical region：温带和热带Pit membrane：纹孔膜Vessel opening and pore：管孔Sentence1.By cutting across the stem perpendicularly, a surface is exposed which is called a cross or transverse section. A radial section results from cutting longitudinally in the plane of the wood rays, from the pith to the bark. The plane which is perpendicular to the rays and tangent to the bark is called the tangential section.2. This contrast in color has physiological significance in a general way, but it is not strictly correct to designate the core as heartwood only on the basis of its darker color. A more accurate criterion for heartwood determination is the absence of living cells within the zone, and in particular, cells of ray parenchyma which remain alive far longer than the neighboring prosenchymatous elements.3.When the pores in the early wood are much larger than those formed later in the season, and when the size transition between earlywood and latewood pores is abrupt, the wood is classified as ring porous. If little or no transition in pore size exits between earlywood and latewood, the term diffuse porous is applied. Semi-ring porous or semi- diffuse are used to describe wood in which the pore patterns are not distinctly of the ring porous nor of the diffuse porous type.3 questionsHow to tell the sapwood from heartwood ?What is the difference between the growth increments and annual ring? Make a brief introduction to gross structure of wood?Make a brief introduction to three plane of wood?What are the definitions of ring porous ,diffuse porous and semi porous wood?Lesson3Word and vocabularyGross structural feature：宏观特征Previous：前述的Have origin in ：来源于Sorting and arrangement：分类与排列Light microscope ：光学显微镜Cellular composition ：细胞成分Middle lamella：胞间层Dissolve：溶解Chemical treatment：化学处理Commercial process：：商业处理Simple pit：单纹孔(纹孔腔宽度无变化）Contain：包含Thin walled ：薄壁Coniferous ：针叶材Aggregate ray：聚合木射线Longitudinal strand：纵向薄壁组织束Longitudinal tracheid：纵向管胞Imperforate cell：不穿孔细胞Polygonal ：多边形Compression wood：应压木Paper strength：纸张强度Ray tracheid ：射线管胞Margin ：边缘Bordered pits：具缘纹孔（纹孔腔宽度有变化）Dentate thickening ：锯齿状加厚Angiosperm：被子植物Vessel and pore：导管与管孔Treachery：管状的Lumen：细胞腔Extensive pit：外延纹孔Tubular：管状的Open-ended cell：两端开口的Multiple or solitaryLibriform fiber：木纤维Slit-like：裂缝状的Dural role：双重作用Vascular tracheid 维管管胞Vasicentric tracheid : 环管管胞Sentence1.These prosenchymatous elements have bordered pits that are smaller than those found in the longitudinal tracheids and which distinguish them from the ray parenchyma cells which have only simple pits.2.Individual vessel elements are tubular, open-ended cells which, when joined end-to-end, form the vessel. They are relatively thin-walled cells specialized for conduction longitudinally in the tree3.A cell type completely different in appearance from the vessel element is the libriform fiber. This type of element is thick-walled, narrow-lumened and elongated. It is adapted for strength and support rather than conduction since it has imperforate tapered ends and small, slit-like, simple pits.4.In addition to these two specialized hardwood prosenchymatous elements there are others which have features that would indicate a dual role in the living tree, involving both conduction and support3 questions1. Why is softwood more desirable for paper manufacturing than hardwood?2.How to tell the ray prosenchymatous cells from the ray parenchyma cells?3 What are the differences between the vessels and libriform fiber4 What is the distinctive treachery structure of hardwoods?5 What contribute to the lateral conduction to the neighbouring cells?Lesson four一Word and vocabulary （1）Delve into ：研究Light microscope：光学显微镜Pit and wall纹孔和细胞壁Make indentification :鉴定High resolving power：高倍Electron microscope：电子显微镜Reveal ：揭示，说明Be composed of 组成Lignin：木素Cellulose ：纤维素semi cellulose：半纤维素Layer：层Middle lamella：胞间层Microfibril：微纤丝Primary wall：初生壁Flat helix:平缓的螺旋Thicken:加厚Secondary wallLay down:沉积Consecutively:顺序地Close to 接近Make up构成Elongated :细长的Exhibit:展示Alternating:交替的Right and left handed ：右旋或左旋Parallel to 平行Cell axis:细胞轴Innermost layer ：最里面的Similar to 相似，接近于Warty layer:瘤层Linea:直线状Strand:束状Crystalline and amorphous region:结晶区与非洁净区Crystallite:微晶Short chain :短链Laterally:侧向Strength:强度Stiffness：刚度Sentence1 As the cell reaches full size, thewall is thickened by the addition ofa three-layered secondary wall laiddown from inside the cell. The layers of the secondary wall are numbered consecutively: s1 is closest to the outside primary wall, s2 makes up the bulk of the cell wall, and s3 is nearest the inside lumen of the elongated tracheid cell.2 Each microfibril consists oflinear cellulose moleculesarranged in strands which pass through phases of parallel and nonparallel order, known as crystalline and amorphous regions.3 In the crystalline regions, the moleculesare called crystallites, after the crystal like form they assume, and are oriented essentially parallel to the microfibril axis.In the amorphous regions, the cellulose molecules exhibit a lack of parallel order and there may be a higher proportion of shorter chain molecules.3 questionsWhat is the main structure of the cell wall?What about the microfibrils of the primary wallWhat about the microfibrils of s2 layer?What layer make up the bulk of the cell wall?Relationships between wood structure (gross and microscopic) and wood processing?Lesson five一Word and vocabulary （1）word and vocabulary(1)petroleum:石油Nonrenewable and renewable :可再生与非再生的Raw materials:原材料Constantly:固定的,持续的Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Photosynthesis:光合作用Chlorophyll:叶绿素Radiant energy:辐射能Compound :复合物Organic material:有机物Extractives:抽提物Inorganic materials:无机物Calcium:钙Sodium:钠Potassium:钾Manganese:锰Trace element:微量元素Glue:胶粘剂Bind:胶合Be compared withGlass-reinforced resin:玻璃纤维Fiber glass:玻璃纤维Synthetic resin:合成树脂Nonuniformly:非均匀的Molecular weight:分子量Phenylpropane:苯丙烷Carbohydrate:碳氢化合物Serve as:用作,用于Binding agent:粘合物Dimensional change:尺寸变化Moisture content:含水率Toxicity:毒性Resistant to:抵抗的,阻止,有耐性Decay and insect attack:腐朽与虫害Thermoplastic : 热塑性的Pilable:可塑的，可弯的Glucose:葡萄糖Mineral acid:无机酸Revert:返回Hydroxyl group:羟基Reactive site反应点Derivative:衍生物Cellulose acetate:纤维素醋酸盐Swelling and shrinking :膨胀与收缩X-ray diffraction :x射线衍射Inaccessible to :不能进入Penetrate:穿透Polysaccharide:多糖Form from:形成于,产生于Simple sugar:单糖Galactose:半乳糖mannose:甘露糖xylose :木糖Arabinose:阿拉伯糖Xylan ：木聚糖Sentence1 All wood is formed from carbon dioxidewhich is taken from the air, and from water which is taken from the soil along with small amounts of dissolved minerals.2 Although composed of carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen, lignin is nota carbohydrate nor even related tothis class of compound. It is, instead, essentially phenolic in nature.3 The hydroxyl groups give cellulose itsprincipal chemical properties and are the reactive sites to which other chemical groups can be attached in the preparation of derivatives, such as cellulose acetate, The hydroxyl groups strongly attract water molecules and thus are the major cause of the swelling and shrinking of wood.4 The hemicelluloses, in contrast, areformed from a number of sugars, the most important of which are glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose.questions1.What are the elementscomposition of dry wood?2 What contribute to the wood strength?3 What is the natures of the lignin?4 What is the cause of woodswelling and shrinking?5 Why the composition of lignin in woodremain uncertainty?Lesson sixword and vocabulary(1)Deformation：变形Be referred to as ：称作，称为Mechanical properties 力学性质Carry：承担，负荷Strength :强度Applied load or force :施加力或作用力Resistance to deformation :抗变形Compress：压缩Distort：变形Bent :弯曲Elastic deformation ：弹性变形Rheological property：流变性Structural building material：建筑材料Power line transmission pole:电线输送杆Primary criteria：主要标准Floor joists：地板格栅Rafter：椽子Wood frame home：木结构房子Roof sheet：屋面板Sub-flooring 地板底层用材Glue-laminated beam：层积梁Rail ：扶手，横档Upholster furniture：软包家具Engineering mechanics:工程力学Stress and strain：应力和应变Member:物体Impose :施加External force:外力Internal stress ：内应力Act on ：作用Transfer：转换Dimension :因次Proportional limit ：比例极限Slope：坡度Modulus of elasticity弹性模量Uniaxial：单轴Linear manner：线性关系Assumption ：假设Clear straight-grained wood：清晰的直纹理Knot ：节子Grain deviation：纹理扭曲Neutral axis:中性轴Lengthen：加长Bend ：弯曲Deflection：挠度Magnitude：幅度，重要性Bending test：弯曲试验Solid wood：实木Specimen:样品Concentrated load：集中荷载Span：跨度Solid wood 实木Particles：刨花Fiber :纤维Specimen :样品Concentrated load :集中载荷Sentence1 A wood that is relatively strong with respect to one strength property may rank lower in a different property as compared with other species.2 The change in length per unit of length in the direction of the stress is called the strain. Since strain is expressed in units of length divided by the length, it has no dimensions✧ 3 Below the proportional limit the ratioof stress to strain, i.e. ,the slope of theline, is a constant value called themodulus of elasticity (MOE).✧ 4 When a beam such as a wood floor joistis bent, the top half is stressed incompression and the bottom half isstressed in tension. The maximumstresses develop at the top and bottomsurfaces of the beam.✧ 5 Since no tensile or compressive stressesdevelop at the neutral axis of the beam,the length (AA in Fing.10.4) of theneutral axis remains the same when beamis bent, the top surface of the beam iscompressed and the bottom surface islengthened.questionsWhat are the mechanical properties? What are the structural uses for wood ? When there is linear relationship between stress and strain?What is the neutral axisLesson seven✓Physical properties物理性能Versatility:多用途Unmatched：不匹配✓Acoustical property：声学性能✓Thermal property：热性能✓Electrical property：电学性能Valuable：宝贵的✓Dampen：减震Vibration：震动✓Air dry 气干✓Douglas fir 北美黄杉气干密度0.52g/立方厘米（g/m3）✓Machine stress 机械应力✓Relative density：相对密度Deduce from推断✓Across the grain and parallel to the grainInternal friction：内摩擦Logarithmic decrement ：对数衰减Amplitude ：振幅Oscillation：震动Aluminum 铝✓Moisture content：含水率✓Absorption and isolation：吸附和隔绝✓Sound absorption coefficient:吸音系数✓Unfinished：未修饰的Heavily lined carpet 密织毛毯✓Roughness：粗糙度Striation ：条纹✓Sandblasting：喷砂Insulating quality：绝缘性✓Fastener：紧固件✓Sandwich：夹入Transmittance 透射系数Elastomer：弹性体✓Oven –dry：烘干，绝干✓Electric resistivity：电阻率✓Moisture meter：含水率测定仪✓High-frequency alternating：高频交流✓Curing of resin：树脂固化✓Radio frequency moisture meter高频含水率仪✓Dielectric constant：介电常数✓Power factor 功率因子Capacitance ：电容✓Polarization ：极化✓Adhesive：胶粘剂Key variable 重要变量✓Coefficient of thermal expansion：热膨胀系数Arise from：产生于Shrinkage :收缩✓Dimension stability :尺寸稳定Equivalent toDimensional stability 尺寸稳定性Poor conductor 不良导体Thermal insulator：绝热体Passage ：传输✓Thermal conductivity：导热系数✓Cell cavity ：细胞腔✓Kilndry：窑干✓Specific heat：比热Debark 去树皮Power consumption 功率消耗✓Thermal diffusivity：热扩散系数Have bearing on 有意义✓Fire-resistant material 阻燃材料✓Conditioning：调温调湿处理✓Veneer bolt：原木段Sentence✓The speed of sound andmodulus of elasticityboth decrease withincreasing moisturecontent and temperature.Because the transmittance decreasesas the logarithm of the weight, addingmass is not particularly effective inincreasing the insulation provided bya wall.The dielectric constant , can bedefined as the ratio of the capacitanceof a capacitor with some chosenmaterial as a dielectric to itscapacitance using a vacuum as thedielectricAn important acoustical property ofwood is its great ability to dampenvibrationsBecause the transmittance decreasesas the logarithm of the weight, addingmass is not particularly effective inincreasing the insulation provided bya wall.✓High—frequency alternating currents are used in the woodindustry primarily for thecuring of resin adhesives and toa lesser degree forradio—frequency moisturemeters and for drying woodrapidly.questionsWhy wood has great ability todampen the vibrations?What affect the logarithmicdecrement and how?What the sound absorption coefficientand how to improve the woodabsorption properties?Why is wood an excellent thermalinsulator?Why is the veneer bolt softened byheats before lathing?Lesson 8✓Fiber saturation point纤维饱和点✓Elastic property：弹性✓Cell wall细胞壁Long chain molecule长链分子Exponential relationship:指数关系✓Green 生材✓Red oak红橡木✓Age老化Deleterious effect:有害的作用Microorganism微生物Environmental factor 环境因子Per se本身，独自Impose施加，作用Load载荷✓Forest product林产品✓Deflect偏斜✓Deform扭曲Sag下垂✓Shelf搁板✓Creep蠕变✓Rheological property流体性能Slippage滑移Bonding site结合点Adjacent :邻近的Matrix基体Under stress:在力作用下Header:横梁（见图片）✓Floor joist 地板格栅Overload过载✓Coating涂饰Element :组成单元Random orientation:随即排列Allowable stress容许应力Oven dry绝干Critical structural member重要部件Cumulative累积Equilibrium temperature平衡温度Fatigue strength:疲劳强度Repeated severe loading:重复强荷载Rail car:火车车厢Clear straight grained wood:纹理通直无节材Knot：节子Slope of grain:斜纹理Static strength静强度Alkaline碱Resistant to acidic condition:耐酸性Corrosion :腐蚀Hydrolysis水解Oxidizing agent氧化剂Penetrate:渗透Severe condition:条件恶劣White oak白橡木Red oak红橡木（见图片）Douglas fir 花旗松Cypress:柏树Southern pine:南方松Old growth:原始林Second growth:次生林Fastener：紧固件Tannin单宁Corrode腐蚀Barn粮仓Nail螺钉Redwood红木Cedar雪松SentenceAging of wood alone without the deleterious effects of microorganisms, high temperature, or continuous loading has little effect on properties.Exposure to high temperatures for long periods can cause a permanent loss of strength. Generally, the higher the moisture content of the wood, the greater its sensitivity to high temperature.The fatigue strength of a material is its ability to retain its strength when subjected to repeated severe loading. Chemical deterioration of the cell wall, which results in strength loss, results from hydrolysis of cellulose, oxidation by oxidizing agents, or delignification by alkaliesquestions1Why is most strength increased when the wood is dried below the fiber saturation point? 2How to minimize the creep of wood products?3What is the cause of creep?4How to determine the allowable stress?5 What is fatigue strength? Lesson 9Agent 试剂Deterioration败坏Wood building ：木建筑Serve服务，使用Organic material ：有机物Be subject to 易于，遭受Decay腐朽Fungal stain 霉变Insect infestation虫蛀Surface weather 表面老化Use of life:使用寿命Out of door室外Indoor :：室内Marine borer 海生钻木动物Service life使用期Severe condition 使用条件Preventive measure预防措施Biological agent生物因子Stain:变色Soften软化Mollusk软体动物（见图片）Crustacean甲壳纲动物Termite白蚁Carpet ant木蚁Wood boring beetle蛀木甲虫Bio-deterioration生物败坏strong acid and alkali强酸和强碱Condensation 凝聚，浓缩Leakage渗漏Equilibrium moisture content 平衡含水率Practical ：实际的Treated materials处理过的材料Decay hazard腐朽危害Naturally decay resistant 天然耐腐性Construction wood :建筑木材Spruce：云杉Hemlock铁杉Durability：耐久性Western red cedar：北美圆柏Red wood：北美红杉Patio deck 庭院板材Second growth次生Old growth初生Inhibiting fungi寄生菌Volatility挥发性Leach流失Oil soluble油溶性Water borne水载型Heavy oil and light oil重油和轻油Carrier载体Retard：阻止或延缓Oil-based compound ：油溶型化合物Finish ：表面装饰Paint：涂饰Sound barrier健全防护带Coal tar creosote煤焦杂酚油(淡水中用木桩、电杆木和海上、陆地材的防腐处理Creosote coal tar solution杂酚煤焦油溶液Creosote –petroleum solution:杂酚油石油液Pentachlorophenol五氯苯酚Copper naphthenate环烷酸铜Water repellent防水剂Millwork建筑木线材Ammoniacal copper arsenite:氨化亚砷酸铜acid copper chromate酸性铬酸铜Chromated zinc chloride：加铬氯化锌Chromated copper arsenate加铬砷酸铜Chromium oxide：氧化铬Copper oxide：氧化铜Arsenic pentoxide：氧化砷Pressure retort加压罐Vacuum：真空Full cell and empty cell满腔和空腔法Incise 切割Power post beetle粉蛀虫Decomposition分解Drive off挥发Carbon dioxide二氧化碳Carbon monoxide一氧化碳Pyrolyze热解Carbon char炭Fire resistance耐火性Gypsum board石膏板Fire retardant阻燃剂Flammability可燃性Combustion燃烧Zinc chloride氯化锌✧Ammonium sulfate硫酸铵✧Diammonium phosphate磷酸铵✧Boric acid 硼酸✧Leach from :流失✧Interior application and exteriorapplication✧Concentration ：浓度✧inorganic salt：无机盐✧Hygroscopic吸湿性Relative humidity相对湿度Wood shingle 木屋顶板Partition分隔板Roughen粗糙化Weathering:风化Degradation :降解Latewood and early wood晚材和早材Detrimental :危害的Wood siding 批雨板Bleach:漂白剂SentenceHowever, as a naturally produced organic material,wood may be subject to decay, fungal stains, infestation, fire, and surface weathering, which can cause the useful life of a building or a product to be greatly reducedBiological agents are the major causes of wood deterioration, which results from fungi that cause staining, softening, and decay, marine borers, mainly small mollusks and crustaceans, insects including termites, carpenter ants, and a variety of wood-boring beetles, and bacteria that cause minor deterioration in water-stored logs.Because of the limited availability and high cost of naturally decay-resistant species, this approach is most suitable for applications where both durability and appearance is important.Wood preservatives in commercial use today are of two general types: oil-soluble chemicals and waterborne salts, The fundamental difference is the type of liquid used to carry the toxic chemicals into the wood structurequestions1 What are the major cause of wood deterioration?2 What are the greatest finical losses from bio-deterioration?3 Do what non -biological deterioration include?4 How to prevent or reduce wood decay?5What determine the wood natural resistance to decay?6 Why will the water-bornepreservative find more use?7What affect the effectiveness of a preservative treatmentLesson 10Green lumber生材Heartwood 心材Sapwood边材Hygroscopic吸水的Propensity倾向Swell and shrink膨胀与收缩Dimensional change尺寸变化In service服务，使用Wood stain mold木材变色菌Decay producing fungi腐朽菌Railway tie铁轨枕木Fence post:栅栏Utility pole：电线杆Check开裂Free water自由水Fire-retarded:阻燃处理Unimpeded：无妨碍Veneer ：单板（见图）Plywood ：胶合板（见图）Glued laminated beam：胶合层积梁（见图）Curing temperature固化温度Finish装饰Anatomy ：解剖构造Living tree：活立木Cell lumen：细胞腔Pit：纹孔Tracheid：管胞Circumference：周边Permeability：渗透性Free water：自由水Bound water结合水Capillary force毛细管力Hydrogen bond氢键Fiber saturation point纤维饱和点Equilibrium moisture content含水率Relative humidity：相对湿度Outdoor condition：室外条件Cover open shed:：敞开有盖棚Woodwork：建筑木线条Desorb：解吸Absorb：吸附Hysteresis 吸湿滞后Latent heat of evaporation蒸发潜热Heating of wetting ：润湿热Vapor pressure蒸汽压Closed container密闭容器Saturated vapor pressure：饱和蒸汽压Function：功能Transport：输送Replenish装满Recede：凹进Spherical depression:球星凹面Menisci 弯液面Capillary flow毛细管流Permeability渗透Mechanism机理Vapor diffusion蒸汽扩散Random manner：随意方式Pressure gradient:蒸汽梯度Moisture gradient：含水率梯度End of lumber：锯材端部Block，木段Mass flow质流Split：开裂Degrade：降解Tempt诱惑Expedient：便利的Indiscriminately：不加区别的Drying defects:干燥缺陷Non-homogeneous 非均相的Western red cedar 北美乔柏Case hardening表层硬化Tangential：弦向的Radial ：径向的Initial stage初始阶段Stretch拉伸Tension set拉伸变定Rip-saw纵锯Binding saw:夹锯Bowed stock 弓弯方材Prong齿片Bulb dry temperature干球温度Collapse塌陷Rupture开裂Crack裂隙End trimming 截头Cupping瓦形弯曲Roller check 碾压裂纹Sticker 隔条Spacer 间隔条Bow 瓦形弯曲Shake轮裂Radio frequency drying：高频干燥Freeze drying：冷冻干燥solar drying ：太阳能干燥De-humidification drying ：除湿干燥SentenceWood is a hygroscopic material, which means that it absorbs or gives off moisture in response to humidity changes in the surrounding atmosphere. It has a natural propensity to swell and shrink as its moisture content increases and decreases in the range from oven-dry to 30%.✧The transportation route forwater in the living tree isvertically through the sapwoodcell lumens and from cell to cellthrough the pits connecting thecells.✧Moisture in wood exists in threeprincipal forms: free water,which is liquid water within thecell lumen; water vapor togetherwith air occupies that part of thecell lumen not occupied by freewater; and bound water, which isadsorbed in the cell wall✧Wood left exposed to air at aconstant relative humidity andtemperature will eventuallyattain a constant moisturecontent. This moisture content,which is at equilibrium with itssurrounding atmosphere, isknown as the equilibriummoisture content✧Because the contribution ofcapillary flow to the dryingprocess depends on thepermeability of the wood, itvaries considerably betweenspecies and between heart woodand sapwood of the samespecies.questions1What are the most important reason for wood drying?2What are forms of water in wood?3What are the roles of atmosphere in wood drying?4In permeable wood what contributed most to the moisture movement to wood surface?Lesson 11Glue line胶层Waterproof防水resistance to weather耐候性Set固定，变定Cross linking交联Postage stamp邮票Be coated with涂饰Dextrin gum糊精Wet润湿Diffuse :扩散Revert to恢复Rubber cement橡胶Organic solvent有机溶剂Polyvinyl acetate聚醋酸乙烯Latex乳液Water-based paint水性涂料Hot-melt gluing热熔胶合Roof felt屋面毡Roof sheathing 屋面盖板Epoxy resin环氧树脂Tough：韧性Durable ：耐久性Polymerize聚合Urea-formaldehyde脲醛树脂Overlay：贴面Decorative：装饰Vinyl plastic 乙烯塑料Resorcinol formaldehyde间苯二酚甲醛树脂Precursor预聚体Para formaldehyde多聚甲醛Filler：填料Phenol：苯酚De-polymerize解聚Novolak线性酚醛树脂Finger-jointed lumber指接板Phenol formaldehyde酚醛树脂formulationCaustic soda碱性钠Sodium hydroxide氢氧化钠Hot-pressing热压Wafer board：华夫板Colorless line无色胶层Stain：变色Extender补充剂，增量剂Radio frequency ：高频Melamine：三聚氰胺Formaldehyde ：甲醛Hardening agent固化剂Ammonium chloride氯化铵Cold set：冷固化Hot set：热固化Animal glue：动物胶Casein glue：酪素胶黏剂Fortify强化Formulation配方Water resistance耐水Pot life贮存期Clay粘土Speed up加速Case good ：柜架类物品Isocyanate：异氰酸酯SentenceGluing is basically an operation in which a liquid material is spread between the surfaces of the materials to be joined, and the two surfaces are held in intimate contact until the liquid has changed to a solid formThe types of adhesives used fall into two general classes. One class is composed of the structural adhesives, which are rigid adhesives that form a glue bond that is harder and stronger than the wood itself. The other class is composed of the elastomeric adhesives, which form glue lines that are weaker than the wood and are usually softened by heat or moisture or both.The virtues of MF resin adhesives are that they form acolorless glue line, arenon-staining and can be readilyadapted to gluing processes thatuse radiofrequency heating toaccelerate the cure of the glueline.questions1What are the four mechanism for glue setting?What are the two purposes of adhesives used on wood industry?Lesson 12 Comprise ：包含，组成Veneer：单板Grain direction纹理方向At right angle to垂直于Adjacent 邻近Cross lamination：交叉层积Versatile building material ：通用型建筑材料Hardwood and softwood硬材和软材Deck铺板，甲板Debark去树皮Block木段Tier：堆垛成层Power driven：动力驱动Scrape away刮掉，擦掉Hot water vat热水罐Rotary-cut旋切Rotary Lathe旋切机Chuck卡头Spindle卡轴Revolve旋切Carriage跑车Spindless lathe：无卡轴旋切机Roller:滚筒Peel旋切Round up旋圆Yield产出Unwound：防索，松卷Knot结子Conveyor传送带Embed:镶嵌Feed into:输送Clipper剪板机Damper:风挡Grade：分等Pitch pocket树脂囊Edge gluing 边缘涂胶Panel patch板的嵌补Scarf斜接Splice ：拼接String线拼接Patch:嵌补Scarf：斜接Interior plywoodExterior exposureWaterproof防水Roller spreader辊涂机Spray line喷涂生产线Curtain coater淋涂机Assemble组装Excessive gap：过多搭接Ridge 脊Pre-press：预压Cold press：冷压Stationary platen：固定垫板Hydraulic ram:液压柱Heat platen热板Tack初粘性Hydraulic ram液压柱塞Workmanship工艺Patch hole嵌补孔Lesson 13Particleboard 刨花板Dry-process干法Fiberboard纤维板Bonding agent胶合剂Composition board复合板Hardboard硬质纤维板Insulation board绝缘板Cement-bonded board水泥板材Molded products模压产品Corrugation：瓦形，波状Sawn lumber：锯材Long-term load carrying ability长期荷载能力Surpass超过Modify修改Fire retardant阻燃剂Preservative：防腐剂Stabilizing impregnation：稳定性浸渍Binding agent胶合剂Binder胶合剂Inorganic cement无机水泥Medium density fiberboard中密度纤维板Fibrous slurry纤维浆料Platen-pressed system平压系统Extruded system挤压系统Heated die热磨具Flaker 刨片机Wafer大片刨花Attrition mill磨浆机Planer刨床Furnish碎料Blending step混合步骤Wax石蜡Mat of particle刨花板坯Multi opening press多层压机Single-opening press单程压机Continuous press连续压机Isocyanate binder异氰酸酯胶黏剂Floor underlayment地板底层Cabinet柜Mobile home活动房子Decking甲板，铺板Sheathing盖板Siding挡板Wood veneer face 木单板Ring-cut flaker环式刨片机Planer shaving工厂刨花Pressure-refined fiber加压精磨机Internal bond内结合Compression strength压缩强度Shear strength剪切强度Glue line shear胶层剪切Nail resistance抗钉力Water absorption吸水Paint涂料Durability耐久性Accelerated aging加速老化Fire retardant阻燃性的Static fatigue静止强度Fire hazard火灾Ring porous diffuse porous semi-ring porous定义、区别。
建筑工人英语怎么说
建筑工人英语怎么说在建筑工程行业中，与外籍工人或需要与国际客户沟通的情况下，掌握一些基础的英语词汇和表达是非常重要的。
本文将为大家介绍建筑工人常用的一些英语表达和行业相关的专业术语。
职业名称建筑工人，在英语中也有不同的称呼，具体根据具体工种和职责而有所不同：1.Mason：砖石工2.Carpenter：木工3.Electrician：电工4.Plumber：管道工/水暖工5.Painter：油漆工6.Foreman：领班/监工7.Welder：焊工建筑工程相关词汇工具和材料•Tools（工具）–Hammer：锤子–Screwdriver：螺丝刀–Wrench：扳手–Pliers：钳子–Tape measure：卷尺–Level：水平仪–Saw：锯子•Construction materials（建筑材料）–Bricks：砖块–Cement：水泥–Steel：钢材–Wood：木材–Concrete：混凝土–Tiles：瓷砖–Glass：玻璃–Roofing materials：屋顶材料工作环境•Job site：工地•Construction site：建筑工地•Scaffold：脚手架•Crane：起重机•Excavator：挖掘机•Bulldozer：推土机•Hard hat：安全帽•Safety goggles：安全眼镜•Protective gloves：防护手套•High-visibility vest：高能见度马甲工作任务•Excavation：挖掘•Foundation laying：地基铺设•Framing：框架搭建•Roofing：屋顶施工•Flooring：地板铺设•Plumbing：水电安装•Wiring：线路布置•Insulation：绝缘处理•Painting：涂漆•Welding：焊接•Demolition：拆除施工流程•Blueprint：施工图•Building permit：建筑许可证•Site inspection：现场检查•Construction schedule：施工进度表•Concrete pouring：浇筑混凝土•Quality control：质量控制•Safety regulations：安全规定•Hazardous materials：危险材料•Waste disposal：废弃物处理日常交流用语以下是一些建筑工人在工作中常用的英语表达：•How can I help you?：我可以帮你什么？•I need the tools for carpentry.：我需要木工工具。
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英语词汇大全：木工-(厦门韦博英语分享)
英语词汇大全：木工-(厦门韦博英语分享)
工具：木工
toolbox 工具箱
bench 工作台
vice, clamp 虎钳(美作:vise)
saw 锯
bow saw 弓锯
circular saw 圆锯(美作:buzzsaw)
compass saw, scroll saw 钢丝锯
fretsaw 细锯
handsaw 手锯
chisel 口凿
cold chisel, burin 冰凿
gouge, firmer gouge 半圆凿
plane 刨子
moulding plane 型刨
jack plane 粗刨
rabbet plane 槽刨drawknife 刮刀
scraper 三角刮刀
rasp 粗锉
file 锉
square 尺
miter 斜槽规
scriber 近线尺
set square, triangle 三角板brace 手拉曲柄锉
hand drill 手钻
drill, bit 钻,有柄钻gimlet, auger 钻,无柄钻countersink 锥口钻gauge, marking gauge 量规hammer 锤
mallet 木槌
nail 钉
brad 平头钉
tack, stud 圆头钉
screw 螺丝钉
screwdriver 螺丝刀,改锥
screw tap 螺丝攻
nail puller 拔钉器
ruler 尺
tape measure 卷尺
folding ruler 折尺
sandpaper, emery paper 砂纸英语词汇大全：木工-(厦门韦博英语分享)。