2019版高考英语新必修5一轮复习：提分单元加餐练第五辑Unit1Greatscientists 精品

Unit 1 Great scientists单元加餐练Ⅰ.完形填空Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full __1__ of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept ideas which are not __2__on obvious facts, and therefore __3__to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas __4__ and makes experiments to prove them.The rise of __5__ science may perhaps be considered to __6__ as far back as the __7__ of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived __8__ the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably thefirst in the Middle Ages to suggest that we must learn science __9__ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself __10__ many important truths.Gali leo (1564­1642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, __11__ began to show how many important __12__ could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more __13__ towards the earth than small ones, __14__ Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the __15__ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two __16__ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo's __17__ of going direct to Nature, and proving our __18__ and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.What __19__ those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know it clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have __20__ better results.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。

作者通过实例阐明自己的观点：一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。

1．e B．timeC．speed D．trust答案：A 根据语境可知，此处是make use of “利用，使用”这一固定词组。

2．A.relied B．basedC．insisted D．centered答案：B 根据该空前的“He doesn't accept ideas”和后面的“on obvious facts”可知，此处是be based on/upon这个固定词组，表示“以……为基础，基于……”。

3．A.refuses B．desiresC．intends D．regrets答案：A 由空格前面的“doesn't accept”和“and therefore”可知，此处应选refuses，表示“拒绝”。

4．A.casually B．carefullyC．quickly D．secretly答案：B 结合语境“He always checks ideas”和后面的“makes experiments to prove them”可知，此处表示仔细地核查那些观点。

5．A.natural B．physicalC．ancient D．modern答案：D 根据下一段的最后一句话中的“that has led to all the discoveries of modern science”可知，此处表示modern science “现代科学”的兴起。

6．A.date B．keepC．look D．come答案：A 由下文的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。

date back是一个固定词组，意为“追溯到”。

7．A.study B．timeC．year D．birth答案：B 结合空格后面的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，此处表示罗杰·培根那个时代。

time这里指“时代，年代”。

8．A.both B．eachC．between D．among答案：C 根据空格后面的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，此处应选between与and 连用，表示“在……和……之间”。

9．A.in B．withC．on D．by答案：D 根据后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处表示通过(by)观察我们周围的事情并做实验，因此选by。

10．A.brought B．discoveredC．took D．gave答案：B 结合空格后面的“many important truths”可知，他本人发现(discovered)了很多重要的真理。

11．A.who B．whenC．that D．where答案：A 结合空格前面的“was the greatest of several great men”可知，先行词是men，故用who引导定语从句。

12．A.truths B．problemsC．people D．subjects答案：A 由空后的“could be discovered by observation”及上文第10空所在句子可知，很多真理可以通过观察得到发现。

truth “事实，真理”。

13．A.slowly B．rapidlyC．lightly D．heavily答案：B 结合空格前面的“large bodies fell more”和后面的“towards the earth than small ones”可知，在Galileo之前，学者们认为重的物体比轻的物体自由落体的速度更快，因此选rapidly “迅速地”。

14．A.although B．becauseC．when D．if答案：B 根据“Aristotle said so”的意思可知，这里表示因为(because)亚里士多德是这样说的。

15．A.place B．footC．top D．ceiling答案：C 结合空格后面的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two __16__ stones”可知，伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。

16．A.big B．smallC．equal D．unequal答案：D 由第13空中的关键信息“large bodies”和“small ones”可知，此处表示使用了两个不同重量的石头，因此选unequal “不相等的”。

17．A.spirit B．skillC．theory D．discovery答案：A 由后面的“of going direct to Nature”可知，此处表示探索自然的精神(spirit)。

18．A.plans B．opinionsC．world D．ability答案：B 与后面的“andtheories by experiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点(opinions)和理论。

19．A.makes B．preventsC．considers D．promises答案：A 由下文中的“are those whose observations have __20__ better results”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。

make “使……变成”符合句意。

20．A.foreseen B．rejectedC．produced D．challenged答案：C 结合上文中所举的例子可知，观察已经产生(produced)了更好的结果。

Ⅱ.阅读理解AAlbert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, and his achievement was even greater than only a few other great scientists haveachieved.AnAmericanuniversity president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity (特性)of time and space and so on—but even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.By 1914 young Einstein had been world­famous. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited chances for study, but soon his peace and quietness were broken by World War Ⅰ.Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little.He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.In the year following World War I, honours were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people.He was well known for his humble (谦逊的) manner. He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived.In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honoured in Germany until the rise of Nazism (纳粹) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.篇章导读：本文是一篇人物传记。