Unit 3 Keeping Fit

By Quan Lihong Oct. 12, 2008Section One--It’s Never too Late to Start ExercisingTo discuss the correlation between physical exercise and healthSection Two--Healthy WeightTo increase the awareness of obesity problems Section Three--Eating the Right ThingsTo talk about how to eat a well-balanced dietLead-inWarm-upPair WorkA. The following are three groups of words we can use todescribe people of different builds. Study the words with your partner and choose the appropriate word (s) todescribe each cartoon below.Big:stout, tubby, chunky, plump, chubby, fat, fleshy, overweight, obeseSmall:slim, slender, thin, lean, skinny, skeleton, underweightMedium-build：fit, muscular, strong, robust“Obese”–the medical term for someone who is seriously overweight“Fat”–a good description, but not a polite term to use with the person“Stout”–an old fashioned term, used to describe elderly peoplePolite terms –“chubby”“plump”“rolly-polly”These say the similar thing, but in a more …friendly, jokingly‟way.tubby: shortish and fattishchubby: slightly fatplump: ( of parts of the body) nicely rounded fleshy: fatc.f. fleshy cheeks“Strong”(for a male)“Fit”(for either male or female) “Hard body”(for a male)“Well built”(for male or female) “Muscular”(for male)“robust”(for male)“slim”-a polite term“skinny”–an impolite term“skinny as a rail”-as aboveA skinny bone“thin”–A general word, but not as good as slim. When one wishes to say that someone is thin in a polite way, the best words are slim or slender.“skeleton”–should not be used when the person is present.lean: very thinB. Work in pairs and try to brainstorm as many benefits of exercise as possible. (Please refer to the key on P.171 of the textbook)Benefits of Exercise Exercise helps you to think more clearly.Exercise helps reduce tension and stress._________________________________________.......Listen and SpeakSection OneTask 1 Listening inDialogue—talking about weight problemsDirections: Listen to the dialogue and fill in the missing information(P.39).Useful words and expressions:Fitness crazeCalorie: a measure of heat--Listen while dictating the questions--listen while catching the missing informationMonologue--Checking Your Target Heart Rate Directions: Listen to the monologue. Work out your own target heart rate. Then rearrange the steps to check the intensity of your workout so that it is in proper order.workout: a period of physical exercise or training (非正式）锻炼；锻炼时间pulse: the regular beating of blood through the body, which can be left in particular parts of the body 脉搏target heart rate:pre-determined pulse to be obtained during exercise when circulation is working at full efficient capacitiesYour own target heart rate:160-_____ = ______ beats per minute(your age)190-_____= ______ beats per minute( your age)Your own target heart rate is between _____ and _____ beats per minute.Task 2 speaking outRole-playMake up short conversations based on the following roles and situations. Try to use the expressions offered.More useful words and expressions:Body building exercise 健身运动Gymnasium /gym 健身房Gymnastic instrument 健身器材Weight loss class 减肥班Do some exercises to relax yourself1.squeeze your eyes tight;2.move your hips gently;3.shake your shoulders gently;4.curl your knees up to the stomach;5.stretch out your limbs and sit up.Task 1 listening inListening--News Report 1--Fighting ObesityListen to the news and do the exercises on P.42.Portion: n. a quantity of food for one person as served in a restaurant (食物的)一份; 一客Mushroom: vi. to grow and develop fast 雨后春笋般地发展Obese: adj. very fat 过度肥胖的Obesity n. the state of being very fat 过度肥胖; 【医】肥胖症Task 2 Speaking outA Survey and Discuss1. Work out your own BMI, and then check the table on page 43 to see which category you belong to.BMI equals a person’s weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.formula: BMI=kg/m2Underweight = <18.5Normal weight = 18.5-24.9Overweight = 25-29.9Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater2. Work in groups and discuss the following questions:1. Do you have a healthy BMI?2. Are you trying to gain or loseweight?UnderweightNormal WeightoverweightB Group DiscussionWork in groups of four to discuss the following question. Write your answers in the chart below.What factors can lead to obesity?Or what causes weight gain?Weight change=calories in-calories outIf you burn as many calories as you take in each day, there’s nothing left for storage in fat cells and weightremains the same. Eat more than you burn, though, and you end up adding fat and pounds. Many things influence what and when you eat and how many calories you burn.These turn what seems to be a straightforward pathway to excess weight in to a complex journey that may start very early in life.For further information, please refer to enrichment reading and the article “What factors can lead to obesity?”factors reasons/ examplesAgeIncidence 发生率of obesity increases with increasein age. As physical activity level decreases with age,if caloric intake is not adjusted then extra calorieswill be deposited as fat.genes Some people are genetically predisposed 预先togain weight more easily than others.Physical inactivity Inactivity or sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factorfor obesity because extra calories, which are not usedin physical activities, are deposited in body as fat. Drugs Certain medications like corticosteroids皮脂激素,tricyclic 三环的antidepressants, antipsychoticmedications 精神抑制药can increase your risk ofbeing obese.High calorie diet 1 gm of carbohydrate provides 4 calories, 1 gm of protein -4calories and 1 gm of fat -9 calories. So, foods with high fatcontent are rich in calories. Also, foods & beverages like softdrink, desserts, which are high in sugar can also lead to weightgain.smoking Nicotine from cigarette increases metabolic 新陈代谢rate ofyour body. High metabolic rate means more burning ofcalories by the body. When you quit smoking, you may gainweight temporarily.Diseases or medical conditions Obesity is associated with certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退, arthritis关节炎.Psychological & emotional factors Psychological factors can change eating habits. Some people overeat to deal with emotions like stress, boredom, anger & sadness.Task 1 Listening inNews Report 2—McDonald’s menuListen to the news and do the exercises on p. 45-46.Downsize: vi. to get smaller in size 小型化 Lawsuit: n. a noncriminal case in a court of law 诉讼( 尤指非刑事案件)Conscience: n. an inner sense that knows the difference between right and wrong, judges one’s actions according to moral laws, and makes one feel guilty, good, evil, etc. 良知；良心The documentary mentioned in the news is “Supersize Me.”In Super Size Me, filmmaker Spurlock clarifies the American obesity epidemic by interviewing experts nationwide and by subjecting himself to a “McDonald's only” diet for thirty days straight. He tries to give nutritional education to the public by warning the whole nation that we are eating ourselves to death.*Extra activity:watch the movie Super Size MeAfter watching answer the questions below:1) How many Americans eat fast food at leasteveryday?2) What did a few Americans do in 2002 when theygot fed up with being overweight?3) What does “ Golden Arches” refer to?sundaeTask 2 Speaking outA Food JournalDirections: For 3 days, make a list of foods that you eat. Write what you have for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. Then look at the “Food Guide Pyramid” (It shows how much of each type of food you should eat each day). Then,with a partner, discuss the questions below.1. Are you eating healthily?2. If not, what foods should you eat more of? Less of?Task 1 Listening--News Report 2—McDonald’s menuDirections: Listen to the news and finish the exercise on p.45-46.Word TipsDownsize: vi. to get smaller in size 小型化 Lawsuit: n. a noncriminal case in a court of law 诉讼( 尤指非刑事案件)Conscience n. an inner sense that knows the difference between right and wrong, judges one’s actions according to moral laws, and makes one feel guilty, good, evil, etc. 良知；良心B. SurveyDirections: Do the fast food questionnaire on p. 48.C Project Work1. Setting up a restaurant of your own!Directions: Form smaller groups of six, and try to set up an international chain restaurant with some typical Chinese food. Unlike the foods found in McDonald’s and KFC, your restaurant offers more healthy choices. The information of the restaurant should include at least the name and brand, the location, the original investment, the number of staff, the slogan and so on. Try to think of some fancy names for the menu.2. Directions: Do some research to find out “Why areMcDonald’s and KFC shrinking in America, but becoming so successful in China?”Speaking Skills—Intonation and Stress(II)Intonation and Stress -Key to Understanding and Being Understood (II)first of all, you need to understand which words we generally stress and which we do not stress. Basically,CONTENT WORDS are stressed, such as:•Nouns e.g. kitchen, Peter•(most) principal verbs e.g. visit, construct•Adjectives e.g. beautiful, interesting•Adverbs e.g. often, carefullyNon-stressed words are considered FUNCTION WORDS, such as: •Determiners e.g. the, a, some, a few•Auxiliary verbs e.g. don't, am, can, were•Prepositions e.g. before, next to, opposite•Conjunctions e.g. but, while, asFurther ListeningListen to the news and do the exercise on P. 50.Stroke: n. a sudden illness that damages a part of the brain and can cause loss of the ability to move some parts of the body 中风cellular: adj. of, containing, or consisting of cells 细胞的；由细胞组成的Chromosome: n. a threadlike body found in all living cells, which passes on and controls the nature, character, etc. ofa young plant, animals, or cell 【生】染色体Telomere n. 【生】端粒(在染色体端位上的着丝点)Physiotherapist n. a doctor who uses exercise, rubbing, heat, etc., in the treatment of diseaseSpandex: n. a fabric made of or containing fibers with elastic properties【纺】斯潘德克斯；氨纶(一种合成弹性纤维或其织物)Enrichment ReadingWhy We Are Fat?By Steven E. Landsberg在今天的美国，肥胖已经成为一种很普遍的社会现象，是什么导致肥胖的人越来越多呢？本文用轻松诙谐的笔调，从食品业、消费心理、科技进步、收入水平，乃至吸烟习惯等方面入手，分析了问题的症结所在。