2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(12)
2019年版中石油职称英语新增20课.doc
2019年版中石油职称英语新增20课篇一：20XX新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第11-20课_课文精讲中石油职称英语考试20XX版60篇通用选读学习心得（20篇新课文，考过的大题已标出）目录31PETROLEUMGEOLOGYANDOTHERSCIENCES石油地质学与其它科学.错误！未定义书签。
32.THECALIFORNIAGOLDRUSH加利福尼亚淘金热(20XX新版).错误！未定义书签。
33WHATDOPARENTSOWETHEIRCHILDREN 父母欠子女什么？.错误！未定义书签。
34.SHOULDYOUGOORGANIC?你应该“有机”吗？（N20XX新增）错误！未定义书签。
35YOUBETYOURLIFE以命相赌错误！未定义书签。
36.TOBECONTENTWITHONESLOT乐天知命.错误！未定义书签。
37IDIDNTKNOWHOWTOTEACHUNTILIMETYOU直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学错误！未定义书签。
38RESERVOIRPRODUCTIONMECHANISMS油藏开采机理（20XX 新版）.错误！未定义书签。
39A$210,000W ALLET价值21万美元的钱包.错误！未定义书签。
40FUNDAMENTALTECHNIQUESINHANDLINGPEOPLE处理人际关系的基本技巧错误！未定义书签。
11SmokingandCancer吸烟和癌(1970figures).Thisistheequivalentof4,195cigarettes据估计>51%ofAmericanmensmokeparedwith34%ofAmericanwomen.1、美国人每年抽烟60亿支(1970年的统计数字)。
这大致等于每个18岁以上的人一年要吸4195支烟。
据估计，美国有51％的男性吸烟，而女性吸烟的比例则为34％。
2.Since1939,scientificstudiestodeterminewhethersmokingis.hasbeenandin dicatesthatthereisthatsmoking,particularlycigarettesmoking,shortenedlife.2、1939年以来，为了确定抽烟是否有害健康进行了大量的科学研究。
中石油职称英语阅读理解练习文章
中石油职称英语阅读理解练习文章中石油职称英语阅读理解练习文章本篇中石油职称英语阅读文章是关于文化禁忌的，每个文化都有着相同或者不同的禁忌，当我们到达那个国家时，我们需要注意，不要冒犯了别人。
下面是店铺整理的关于文化禁忌的中石油职称英语阅读文章及习题，希望能帮到大家!Cultural Taboos 文化禁忌1. The speed and convenience of modern travel means that(引导宾语从句) destinations that used to take a long time to travel to can now be reached quickly and easily. Even though "faraway" countries may now seem closer thanks to air travel, they may still be different from your home country. Therefore, it is important to adapt your behavior so that you don't insult or offend the local people. The following are some fundamental rules that will make communication easier and your trip more enjoyable.1、现代旅行的速度和便捷(convenience n. 便利)意味着过去需要花很长时间才能抵达的(that used to take a long time to travel to定语从句修饰destinations; used to do sth. 过去经常做某事; travel to 走访)目的地现在可以又快又轻松地到达。
中石油职称英语阅读精讲「含练习答案」
中石油职称英语阅读精讲「含练习答案」中石油职称英语阅读精讲「含练习答案」下面这篇中石油职称英语阅读文章是关于家族信条的，作者的家族信条告诉人们如何快乐而有所作为地活着，也告诉人们如何勇敢而安详地面对死亡。
欢迎阅读。
Our Family Creed 家族的信条1. Theyare the principleson whichmy wife and I have tried tobring upour family. They are the principlesin whichmy fatherbelievedandby whichhe governed his life. They are theprinciples,many of them,whichI learnedat my mother's knee.1、这些是我和我太太在教育子女的时候所尽力倚仗的信条，这些是我父亲所深信并以之为人生律条的信条，这些信条中的大部分是我从母亲的'膝下秉承而来的。
(一串定语从句)2. Theypoint the waytousefulness and happinessin life,tocourage and peaceindeath.2、这些信条告诉人们如何快乐而有所作为地活着，也告诉人们如何勇敢而安详地面对死亡。
3.Iftheymean toyouwhat they mean to me, they mayperhapsbehelpful also toour sons for theirguidanceandinspiration.3、假如这些信条于诸位的意义如同它们于我的意义，那么也许它们可以有效地指导和鼓舞我们的儿女们。
4.Let mestate them:4、让我说出这些信条：5. Ibelieveinthesupremeworth of the individualandinhis right to life,liberty, and thepursuitof happiness.5、我相信，个人拥有无上的(supreme)价值，拥有生存、自由和追求幸福的权利。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(50)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(50)Managing In a Global Environment 在世界环境中实行管理1.Assume for a moment that you're a manager going to work for a branch of a global organization in a foreign country. You know that your environment will differ from the one at home,but how? What should you be looking for?1、此刻假设你是一位美国经理，你准备到一家世界组织的国外分支机构工作.。
你知道你的环境将与国内的不同，但二者的差异会达到什么水准呢?你理应注意些什么?2.Any manager who finds himself or herself in a foreign country faces new challenges. In this section,we'll look at some of those challenges and offer guidelines for responding. Although our discussion is presented through the eyes of a U.S. manager,our analytical framework could be used by any manager who nas to manager in a foreignenvironment,regardless of national origin.2、任何一位发觉自己处于一个陌生国家的管理者都面临着新的挑战。
在这个节中，我们将考察这些挑战，并对如何做出反应提供一些指导。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(59)
2019 年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(59)The Audacity of Hope 有希望则无所畏惧1.On behalf of the great state of Illinois,crossroads of a nation,Land of Lincoln,let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. Tonight is a particular honor for me because,let's face it,my presence on this stage is pretty unlikely. My father was a foreign student,born and raised in a small village in Kenya. He grew up herding goats,went to school in a tin-roof shack. His father-my grandfather-was a cook,a domestic servant to the British.1、今晚我将在这里代表伟大的伊利诺伊州来向大会发表演讲，为此我感到无上荣幸。
众所周知，伊利诺伊州是全国的交通枢纽，林肯总统的发祥地。
另外，我能够站在讲台上向全党的代表发言实在是有点受宠若惊，因为坦率地讲，这对我来说几乎是做梦都想不到的事情。
请允许我先从我的出身讲起，我的父亲是个外国留学生，他土生土长在肯尼亚的一个小村庄，他从小在那里放羊，在简陋的铁皮顶小屋里上学。
他的父亲，也就是我的爷爷，是一位为别人做饭的家庭佣工。
2. But my grandfather had larger dreams for his son. Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place,America,that shone as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many who had come before. While studying here,my father met my mother. She was born in a town on the other side of the world,in Kansas. Her father worked on oil rigs and farms through most of the Depression. The day after Pearl Harbor my grandfather signed up for duty; joined Patton's army,marched across Europe. Back home,my grandmother raised a baby and went to work on a bomberassembly line. After the war,they studied on the G.I. Bill,bought a house through F.H.A.,and later moved west all the way to Hawaii in search of opportunity.2、但是我爷爷不想让我父亲步其后尘，他对我的父亲有着更大的期许和梦想。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(32)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(32)The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选)1.They sailed well and the old man soaked his hands inthe salt water and tried to keep his head clear. There were high cumulus clouds and enough cirrus above them so that the old man knew the breeze would last all night. The old man looked at the fish constantly to make sure it was true. Itwas an hour before the first shark hit him.1、他们航行得很好，老人把手浸在盐水里，努力保持头脑清醒。
积云堆聚得很高，上空还有相当多的卷云，所以老人看出这风将刮上整整一夜。
老人时常对鱼望望，好确定真有这么回事。
这时候是第一条鲨鱼袭击他的前一个钟点。
2.The shark was not an accident. He had come up fromdeep down in the water as the dark cloud of blood had settled and dispersed in the mile deep sea. He had come up so fastand absolutely without caution that he broke the surface ofthe blue water and was in the sun. Then he fell back into the sea and picked up the scent and started swimming on thecourse the skiff and the fish had taken.2、这条鲨鱼的出现不是偶然的。
中国石油天然气集团公司职称英语通用选读练习题
中国石油天然气集团公司职称英语通用选读练习题（01-40）说明：15、16、17、18、28、29、30、31暂无Lesson 11. It has to be a growth from ___, not a graft from ___.A with… withoutB within… withoutC without… withD without…within2. She is silently exhorting us to keep ___ this pioneering spirit without which every other effort will be meaningless.A liveB livingC aliveD aliving3. ___ their superb track record, we can expect OIL and ONGC to bring to their operations the finest in terms of managerial, technical and interpretative skills.A GivingB To giveC GiveD Given4. What is needed is the great leap forward, a dynamic surge to close the gap and thus ___ a serious economic danger.A pull offB take offC ward offD turn off5. This is ___ a distinguished 19 century French mineralogist calls the passion of the pioneer.A thatB whatC whichD where6. It is important that we respond to this summons for, quite simply, it is a summons ___ greatness.A inB onC toD for7. The nation can rest assured that the oil industry is fully aware of its responsibility and is ___ to meet the challenge.A getting upB turning upC making upD gearing up8. It has, through the decades, ___ for technical excellence.A strivenB striveC to striveD strivingLesson 21. One hundred of the stamps sold to the public became ___ as “inverts”, for the plane was printed upside down.A famousB knownC fameD know2. A single such stamp has been sold for ___ $6,500.A as many asB as few toC as much asD as little to3. He reached ___ the new sheets and handed on to Robey.A onB toC byD for4. He looked at other sheets and found that ___ was well centered.A allB everyC bothD none5. Then he told his friends ___ his discovery, and they, too, looked in the city’s post offices.A ofB forC toD in6. Not being a rich man, Robey decided to cash __ on his good fortune.A forB inC ofD by7. No one else wanted to ___ on the sheet for fear that Robey’s might not be the only upside-down sheet.A betB tellC bidD think8. Th e collector’s heart stood still as he saw that the sheet which ___ him had inverted centers.A had offeredB have been offeredC had been offeredD have offered9. No owner can ___ the thrill that W.T. Robey had on that day in 1918 when he made America’s luckiest stamp find!A beatB winC getD match10.Some of these “upside-down” airmail stamps are now ___ over $6,000.A worthB worthyC valueD valuelessLesson 31. The assumption ___ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions.A in whichB on whichC under whichD by which2. In the spring of 1996, a book was published ___the supposedly true story of an elderly millionaire.A toldB tells B telling D to tell3. People began to realize that we are ___ the threshold of a new age in the biosciences.A ofB onC inD by4. But some distinguished biologists offered their opinion ___ the book was pure fantasy.A whatB whichC thatD where5. But it is still a far cry ___ the much more complicated experiment on the carbon copy of human beings.A inB onC byD from6. Although it may look simple on paper, it isn’t ___.A in a wayB in practiceC as yetD for purposes7.You can cause it to ___ a duplicate of yourself.A grow intoB grow upC get intoD get up8. They pointed out that cell researchers simply do not yet know enough to ___ such a feat.A pull onB pull offC pull inD pull down9.It is more than genetic make-up ___ makes an individual.A whatB whichC thatD when10. Fortunately, cloning research is not a technique for reproductive ___.A objectivesB purposesC supposesD subjectivesLesson 41.Likewise, the Royal Family is supported ___ public funds.A onB toC fromD with2. Its recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, ___ the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law.A in whichB by whichC under whichD with which3. Politicians and others are accountable ___ their live s.A toB forC withD in4. The Government will probably take no action ___ it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993.A beforeB afterC forD until5. This proposal would have made ___ unlawful to photograph people on private property or record their conversations without permission.A thatB itC toD which6. Hence, some editors say they are justified in ___ private lives to uncover any faults.A pry intoB prying intoC pry upD prying up7. It is also considering the ways ___ the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.A in whichB under whichC for whichD with which8. But a general law protecting privacy was ___.A declinedB deniedC rejectedD refused9. It also ___ a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.A supposedB proposedC closedD choosed10.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion ___ saying it is in the public interest.A byB inC forD onLesson 51.If one of their new jets ___ you, just start shooting and hope that you hit him.A hitB hittingC hitsD to hit2. ___ of us was thinking the same thing.A EveryB BothC AllD Each3. That’s ___ we had been told.A whenB whatC whereD which4.It would streak down to ___ in the mountains below.A flashB smashC finishD wash5. Then we went back to the ___ of getting home.A businessB questionC matterD problem6. Did his guns jam ___ the last second?A onB atC inD under7. ___ the 3-inch-square chaff chute, I could see the enemy shells exploding just below us.A PassB FromC ThroughD On8. A guy’s chances of getting home ___ good.A wasB beC isD were9.The enemy had a fighter so fast we couldn’t even hold a sight ___ it.A atB forC onD by10.Looking ___ the other waist gunner’s shoulder, I saw the enemy jet.A onB overC byD under11.If that shell had hit us half a second sooner, it ____ the pilot.A might hitB hitC have hitD might have hitLesson 61. One of the major concerns of students in any speech class ___ stage fright.A areB beC isD were2. The listener receives the communicated message and may provide feedback ___ the speaker.A withB toC forD of3.Effective speakers adjust their voices to the larger audience and work at ___ physical mannerism and verbal habits.A avoiding to distractB to avoid distractingC to avoid to distractD avoiding distracting4. You will take a big step toward overcoming stage fright if you concentrate on ___ your audience.A communicating toB communicate withC communicating withD communicate to5. The need for effective public speaking will almost certainly touch you ___ in your life.A sometimeB any timesC sometimesD anytime6. You tailor your message ___ your audience.A ofB toC inD with7. Interference is anything ___ impedes the communication of a message.A whichB whatC thatD who8.Your speech class will you an opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you ___ against you.A more thanB less thanC would rather thanD rather than9. The situation is the time and place ___ speech communication occurs.A in whichB for whatC of thatD with which10.Of course, public speaking is also different ___ conversation.A inB fromC forD of11.The interaction of these seven elements is ___ determines the outcome in any instance of speech communication.A thatB whichC whatD whereLesson 71. What they are trying to say ___ that bits fall off machines—especially when they start to break down.A isB areC wereD be2. When he ___ the matter, he found three examples of direct copying of Ph.D. theses in the department.A looked upB looked forC looked intoD looked at3. This example is part of a thesis that ___ have been plagiarized at Swansea University.A appearing toB appears toC to appearD appeared4. The case came to light when Ansymana Koroma appealed ___ a decision not to award him a Ph.D.A forB inC withD against5.Mr. Koroma’s appeal is ___ consideration and will be treated with due seriousness.A forB onC underD by6. He is ___ University of Wales to conduct an inquiry.A calling forB calling onC calling atD calling in7. He alleges that his department took five months ___ him with the oil necessary to his research.A providingB providedC to provideD provide8. I believe academic standards, particularly in the supervision of post graduate research, are ___.A wantingB wantedC wantD to want9. Mr. Koroma’s appeal is ___ consideration and will be treated with due seriousness.A ofB onC byD under10. He claims that Swansea accepted him as a student in 1992 ___ that no one in the engineering department had the necessary expertise to supervise his work.A knownB knowingC to knowD knew11. He was encouraged to repeat using dirty oil and to conceal flaws in research-- ___ he was failed by the external examiner.A in whichB by whichC for whichD under whichLesson 81. This is something like the way ___ high and low sounds are produced by a flute or whistle.A by whichB in whichC under whichD on which2. Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists ___.A as suchB as forC as toD as yet3. We are ___ that at the end of the central hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear.A knowB awareC knownD awared4. ___ message is carried by a macula depends upon how it is affected.A WhatB WhichC WhereD When5. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can ___ the depth of the water it is swimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced by its own lungs.A sayB tellC speakD talk6. The same is true to still a larger degree of such animals as frogs and fishes, although in the frog we can at least see an eardrum.A trueB realC trulyD really7. Scientists must explore much ___ for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.A longerB farerC furtherD deeper8.The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented by the holes ___ going through.A toB fromC ofD in9.All this is what produces the differences __ high ___ low sounds.A from… toB and… andC too… toD between… and10.When sound waves enter the cochlea, they set a membrane into a ___ motion and cause a new wave.A back and forthB up and downC and so onD hand and hand11.The message which is carried is not, however, always connected ___ the hearing sense.A forB toC withD from12. Even deeper lies the inner ear, the organ ___ we “hear”.A in whichB for whichC on whichD with whichLesson 91.In years ___, men sailed in ships that did not take them back to their homes for many years.A pass byB gone byC gone intoD pass to2. ___ a story about whales it is a good idea to learn as much about them as you can.A EnjoyB EnjoyingC To enjoyD Enjoys3. One group of whales ___, instead of teeth, long strips of bone, hanging from their upper jaw.A hasB haveC isD are4. Once whales ere hunted for whale-bone ___ for blubber.A as suchB as long asC as wellD as well as5. The whale ___ its strength and weight against the moving arms of the great squid.A protectsB matchesC leansD appeal6. It is for the valuable oil in blubber ___ whales are hunted.A whichB whatC thatD where7.It could ___ the early whaling boats with one lash of its powerful tail.A turn downB turn offC turn up C turn over8. It ___ a group of whales called toothed whales.A belongsB belongings toC belongs toD belonging9. A crew of men sets to work ___ the great whale of its blubber.A strippingB strippedC to stripeD stripe10. Many a whale ___ battle scars that were left by a squid’s fierce struggles.A carryingB carryC carriesD to carry11.The whale was ___ because it was not easy to get.A worthB valuableC priceD costly12. There ___ many stories written about whales.A has beenB haveC hasD have beenLesson 101. The effective permeability is a ___ measure of the conductance of the porous medium for one fluid phase.A relativeB relevantC reflectD reveal2. The second method uses full-diameter core samples ___ of 1-1.5 ft.A in growthB in lengthC in widthD in rate3. So far permeability is referred to rock conditions ___ a single-phase fluid saturation was considered.A whichB whenC whatD where4. In addition, there are many instances when, not two fluids, but three fluids exist in the rock ___.A respectivelyB evenlyC simultaneouslyD especially5.The saturations, if know, should be specified to define completely the conditions ___ a given effective permeability exists.A for whatB in thatC for whichD in which6.It can be determined from samples extracted ___ the formation or by in-place testing.A onB inC fromD out7.However, ____ the many possible combinations of saturation for a single medium, Laboratory data are usually summarized and reported as relative permeability.A owing toB as forC comparing withD aside from8.It becomes necessary, therefore, ___ the fluid saturation when stating the effective permeability of any particular fluid in a give medium.A to specifyB specifyingC specifiedD specify9.Permeability is the ability ___ the formation to conduct fluids.A toB onC ofD with10. The medium can have a distinct and measurable conductance to each phase ___ in the medium.A presentedB presentingC presentD to present11.Just as K is the accepted symbol for permeability, Ko, Kw, and Kg are the respected symbols for the effective permeability to oil, water , and gas ___.A respectB respectedC respectingD respectivelyLesson 111. All owe their origin to the oil ___ as petroleum, found deep in the earth.A to knowB knowC knownD knowing2. Such “sun ship” might travel ___ over one hundred kilometers an hour.A onB overC byD at3. Look inside the medicine cupboard __ more petroleum products, medical paraffin and petroleum jelly.A atB forC intoD out4. As you head for your bus, train or car, all ___ use petroleum products in the form of fuel to move them and lubricants to keep them in working order.A in whichB with whichC for whichD of which5. But ___ then the world will have to decide on its priorities.A long beforeB before longC so longD no longer6. Recently protein feeds for animals have been developed by growing yeast ___ a petroleum based stock.A intoB onC inD with7. Such “sun ship” would have a large enough surface area to carry the enormous number of solar cells necessary to move ___ appreciable load.A someB fewC anyD many8. One company has presented an idea ___ metal strips inserted in pavements and roads operate fly wheels by means of a piston action using hydraulic fluid.A with which Bfor which C under which D in which9. Oil, or electricity from oil-fed generators may be ___ you comfortably warm.A keepingB keepC keptD to keep10. Should airlines compete on similar routes allowing planes to fly long distances ___ empty passenger seats?A onB inC withD for11.There is an old English saying, “___ is the mother of invention.”A NecessaryB NecessityC NecessarilyD Necessaries12.Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will ___ early in the next century.A run awayB run downC run intoD run outLesson 121. The earth and the moon were born together ___ from the same cloud of gas and dust.A at a timeB in timeC on timeD at the same time2. Another said that the moon material would explode ___ an astronaut’s boot touched it.A as soon asB as suchC as yetD as well as3. It has the same chemical elements ___ the earth and the rest of the solar system but in very different amounts.A as doesB to doC to hasD as have4.On the surface, however, there is no ___ of heat – no volcano, for example.A sighB signifyC signD significant5. Rock and soil samples and information of many other kinds have become ___ in recent years.A capableB considerableC stableD available6. However, the cr ust in almost ____ than the earth’s crust.A four time thickB four times thickerC thick four timesD thicker four time7.Yet with all we know about the moon, there is even more ___ we don’t know.A thatB ofC toD than8. It may also have a core, as the earth ___.A didB doC doesD doing9. ___, of course, the moon is very different.A By means ofB In contrast toC With respect toD In other ways10. So far, none of these theories ___ to be either right or wrong.A has been provedB have provedC has provedD have been proved11. ___ there seems to be heat someplace inside the moon, possibly a great deal of it.A Just nowB Right nowC Right awayD Just a moment12. ___ all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant past.A In order toB For our purposesC In spite ofD Except forLesson 131. He sometimes becomes more powerful than ___.A other cardsB any other cardsC any other cardD any others2. Of course, the blade has been made much ___ on the card.A shorterB longerC shortD long3. Julius Caesar, ____, is the King of Diamonds.A in a wayB by the wayC on the wayD in no way4. The playing cards we use today are much like ___ used for hundreds of years.A thatB oneC onesD those5. History from King David to Queen Elizabeth is all ___ playing cards.A in front ofB on the front ofC in the front ofD at the front of6. The figures are placed on each card __ the number or value of the card.A inB ofC forD with7. A Knave is usually a person who ___ trouble.A gets intoB gets awayC runs intoD runs away8. What do you think the suits ___?A bring forthB come aboutC stand forD make up9. These men made ___ famous for their courage and bravery, but they were not kings.A theyB themC theirD themselves.Lesson 141.The internal managerial relationships of legal persons and other organizations are governed by laws on companies or enterprises, not by the contract law, ___.A tooB alsoC as wellD either2. Both parties shall ___ the principles of honesty and good faith in exercising their right and performing their duties.A complain aboutB comply withC supply forD apply to3. The principle of voluntariness embodies the fundamental characteristics of civil activities and is therefore the unique principle of civil legal relationship that distinguishes it ___ administrative and criminal legal relationship.A fromB ofC inD between4. The contract concluded ___ the compulsory provisions of the law and administrative regulations is invalid.A in conformity withB in accordance withC in violation ofD consistent with5. No party may impose his own will ___ another and no unit or individual may illegally interfere.A toB onC forD in6.If the law or administrative regulations provide that a contract shall take effect upon ___such procedures as approval or registration, such provisions shall be observed.A going throughB going intoC going onD going by7.The Draft Contract law stipulates that a contract means an agreement ___the subjects with equal status, that is, natural persons, legal persons and other organizations, establish, alter or terminate civil right – crating an obligatory relationship between them.A in whichB wheneverC wherebyD what8. Compared with that of the three existing contract laws, the scope of application of the Draft Contract Law is ___ enlarged.A approximatelyB appreciablelyC apparentlyD appropriatelyLesson 191. Austin expected to be shot on the spot. ___, the king sent a runner for fresh water.A InsteadB In spite ofC Instead ofD In practice2. Fish collectors pay ___ 19 cents for a guppy to $100 or more for hard-to-breed fish.A forB fromC toD at3.But raising of pet fish goes back to the early days of the Sung Dynasty in China, about 900 A.D., ___ they were raised in small bottles as house pets.A whereB whichC whatD when4.Austin told ___ his crime.A withB forC ofD to5.Looking into the water and very ___, young Austin Strong saw shapes of double-tailed goldfish.A excitedB excitingC exciteD exciteslions continue to regard them ___ a very fine sight.A forB withC onD as7.Today a busy aquarium store may sell up to $20,000 ___ of fish in a good year.A worthyB worthC valueD valuable8.It ___ $50 or more to set up a good salt water aquarium.A takesB costsC spendsD pays9.Austin lowered a bent pin ___ a piece of string.A attached toB close toC near toD tied to10.There developed more than 100 beautiful kinds with ___ names ___ Falling Flowers, Seven Stars, Eight Melon Seeds, Piled-up-Gold.A so…asB such…asC either…orD neither…or11.A piece of the universe ___ great things happen—birth, life and death; mating and feeding before our eyes.A whenB whichC whereD thatLesson 201.Levorsen gav e a concise definition of a trap as “ the place ___ oil and gas are barred from further movement.”A whatB whyC whenD where2.The term “trap” was first ___ a hydrocarbon accumulation by Orton.A applying toB applied toC apply toD applies to3.The net pay is the cumulative vertical thickness of a reservoir ___ petroleum may be produced.A by whichB in whichC for whichD with which4.All of the gross pay does not necessarily ___ productive reservoir.A made ofB consist ofC instead ofD lots of5.Boundaries ___ oil, gas, ___ water may be sharp or transitional.A between…andB either…orC such…asD both…and6.Fluid contacts in a trap are generally planar, but are ___ always horizontal.A by all meansB by means ofC by no meansD what it means7.Tar mats cause considerable production problems by inhibiting water ___ displacing oil.A inB fromC withD for8.Not only ___ a gross gravity separation of gas oil occur within a reservoir but more subtlevariation may also exist.A doB isC doesD are9.Whether a trap contains oil and/or gas depends both ___ the chemistry and level of maturation of the source rock.A forB withC onD in10.The lowest point ___ hydrocarbons may be contained in the trap is the spill point.A in whichB at whichC with whichD by which11.This definition needs some ___, however.A qualitiesB qualifiesC qualificationD qualifications12.Developemnt of a reservoir necessitates ___ the gross-net pay ratio across the field.A mapB to mapC mappedD mappingLesson 211. An acquaintance of ___ who lives in England and had never been outside it until last summer decided to go over to France for a trip.A meB myC ID mine2. I found a little place ___ they made quite good fish and chips.A whenB whereC whatD which3. ___ of these fancy bits for me!A OneB BothC NoneD Every4. And each side ___ to be detached and broad-minded.A managesB managingC to manageD manage5. He had gone to France determined to live there exactly ___ he was in England.A even thoughB althoughC even ifD as if6. I had fried eggs and chips, but it was ___ getting them to make them.A none of your businessB on businessC quite a businessD go back to the business7. Physical differences are not so difficult to adapt oneself to __ religious, ethical and irrational ones.A thatB asC forD than8. The criterion for judging a foreigner could be: Does he try to be polite and considerate to others? ___ : Is he like me?A Instead ofB Except forC For instanceD Instead9. And do you know, they ___ that it was marmalade?A resistedB insistedC suggestedD interested10. But actual physical contact with things __ is unaccustomed to is much more difficult to bear philosophically.A thatB whichC oneD all11. The Indonesian may explain this action rationally as ___ a difference in custom.A hearing fromB learning fromC asiding fromD arising from12.But didn’t you eat ___ of the famous French food?A someB anyC everyD both13. I thought it useless to explain that we borrowed the word ‘marmalade’ ___ French, and that itmeans, in that language, any kind of jam.A fromB forC toD inLesson 221. And __ bad __ this quake was, many have been worse.A such…asB as…asC so…asD not so…as2. The ground ___ Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently.A with respect toB as a result ofC by no meansD in the vicinity of3. There it is so hot that ___ hard rock there is material much like the hot lava that a volcano erupts.A more thanB insteadC instead ofD better than4. ___ even more frightening was the sound of huge boulders which began rolling down the steep mountain.A What toB How toC How wasD What was5. What causes these terrible shakes of the very ground ___ we live?A on whichB in whichC for whatD under that6. The layers of rocks are not laid __, as a bricklayer would build a wall.A evenB evenlyC unevenD unevenly7. Since the Yellowstone earthquake some people have said that they would never go to that area for ___ being caught in a landslide such as occurred after the earthquake.A worry aboutB wonder atC care forD fear of8. It is the earth’s 40 mile deep crust ___ we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquake.A in whichB for whichC with whichD on which9. Becau se there the layers of rocks which make up the earth’s crust are not ___ even.A at allB for allC to allD in all10. At the same time we can understand the need of being ready to help those ___ do suffer such trouble.A whichB whoC thatD what11. Both the heaving of the ground ___ the noise were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds.A ofB forC andD with12. Sometimes a break in the earth’s crust comes about, which starts suc h a landslide as ___ which occurred in Madison Canyon.A whatB onC inD that13.People ___ think that when there was an earthquake, the ground opened, swallowed treat numbers of people, then closed, leaving no trace of those who perished.A are used toB use asC used toD are used forLesson 231. Refinery processes must be selected and products ___ to give a balanced operation.A manufactureB manufacturedC manufacturingD to manufacture。
中石化职称英语短文
（一）Origin of oil and Gas 石油和天然气的成因Oil and gas result mostly from石油和天然气大多是由缺氧环境下迅速被掩埋的死亡微生物生成的。
这种环境氧气奇缺致使这些微生物无法分解。
氧气的缺乏能够使那些死去的微生物保持它们的碳氢键——这是产生化石燃料的一种必要组分。
由板块构造运动和大陆裂谷作用（变形）而新近演化形成的大洋盆地，正好为在缺氧水域的快速埋藏提供了合适环境。
河流携带着丰富的有机残余物充填这些盆地。
由于这些盆地的水循环受到局限，因此，它们的含氧量比开阔大洋更低。
Plate tectonics is also responsible构块构造还形成了一个使有机质缓慢成熟演化成石油和天然气的“压力锅”。
油气生成过程通常要经历数百万年，从而为在板块运动背景下油气的运移提供了时间。
因为烃类化合物比水的浮力大，所以它们最终会竭力上升到地表。
同时裂谷作用，板块之间的碰撞以及其它构造力可以将沉积盆地深处成熟的石油或者天然气释放出来，并在这些有机流体逸散到地表之前，将它们圈闭在油气藏中，我们称这些油气藏为油气田。
The same plate tectonics that为缺氧条件下微生物的埋藏提供了空间和条件的板块构造运动同样对这些沉积盆地的后期地质演化起着重要作用。
大陆漂移、俯冲（一个板块俯冲到另一板块之下的过程）以及和其它大陆的碰撞作用能使沼泽、河流三角洲和温带气候区（大部分有机质沉积的地方）恰巧演变成现今的极地和沙漠环境。
(二)Evolution of Petroleum Exploration Concepts and Techniques石油勘探概念和技术的演变From the days of从圣经里的诺亚时代到OPEC（石油输出国组织）时代，石油地质学家这一职业需要越来越多的技能，要求越来越高。
早期石油都是人们满怀热情、乐观和冒险精神，在乡村信步游荡时发现的。
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2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(12)
The Positive Meanings of Love 爱的真谛
1.We’d like to share some of the positive meanings love has for us.
翻译：我们想与大家一起分享我们对爱的一些积极看法。
2.Love means that I know the person I love. I，m aware
of the many sides of the other person~not just the beautiful side but also the limitations, inconsistencies and faults. I have an awareness of the other’s feelings and thoughts, and
I experience something of the core of that person. I can penetrate social masks and roles and see the other person on
a deeper level.
翻译：爱就意味着了解所爱之人。
能够理解到这个人的各个方面——不但仅是美好的一面，还有他的局限、他的矛盾之处、他的缺点。
要看到这个人的情感、思想、感受他的内心。
要能够透过他在社交场
合的表现和他的社会角色而看到他的内心深处。
3.Love means that I care about the welfare of the person
I love. To the extent that it is genuine, my caring is not possessive, nor does it hold the other person back. On the contrary, my caring frees both of us. If I care about you,
I’m concerned about your growth, and I ho pe you will become
all that you can become. Consequently, I don’t put up obstacles to what you do that enhances you as a person，even though it may result in my discomfort at times.
翻译：爱就意味着关心所爱之人的幸福。
真正的爱不是占有，也
不是束缚。
相反，两人都在爱中得到自由。
关心一个人就是关心他的
成长，希望他能够尽其所能有所成就。
所以，我不会为他的个人发展
设置障碍，即使有时这样会给我带来不便。
4.Love means having respect for the dignity of the
person I love. If I love you, I can see you as a separate person, with your own values and thoughts and feelings, and I do not insist that you surrender your identity to match an image of what I expect you to be for me. I can allow and encourage you to stand alone and to be who you axe, and I
avoid treating you as an object or using you primarily to satisfy my own needs.
翻译：爱就意味着尊重所爱之人。
爱一个人，就是将其视作一个
独立的人，有他自己的价值观、思想和感情。
我不会为了自己而坚持
要他放弃个性来变成我所希望的他。
我能允许，也鼓励他与众不同，
成为他自己。
我不会视他如物，或利用它来满足自己的需要。
5.Love means having a responsibility toward the person I love. If I love you, I respond to most of your major needs as a person. This responsibility does not include my doing for you what you are capable of doing for yourself; nor does it mean that I run your life for you. Instead, It means acknowledging that what I am and what I do affects you, so
that I am directly involved in your happiness and your suffering. A lover does have the capacity to hurt or ignore
the loved one, and in this sense we see that love involves an acceptance of some responsibility for the impact my way of being has on you.
翻译：爱就意味着对所爱之人负责。
爱一个人，就要对他作为独
立的个体的需求做出回应。
这种负责并非替他做他能够自己做的事情，也不是操纵他的生活。
这种负责是承认我的所作所为会影响到他，他
的欢乐痛苦都与我休戚相关。
相爱着的人有时却会伤害或忽略对方，
所以，我们知道，爱就是要为自己的行为对对方产生的影响承担某种责任。
6.Love means making a commitment to the person I love. This commitment does not mean surrendering our total selves to each other; nor does it imply that the relationship is necessarily permanent. It does involve a willingness to stay with each other in times of pain, struggle, and despair, as well as in times of calm and enjoyment.
翻译：爱就意味着对所爱之人做出承诺。
这种承诺并非意味着完全把自己交给对方，也并不是说这个关系一定要永远不变。
这种承诺意味着不论在恬适欢乐时，还是在艰难困苦、失意绝望时，都愿意厮守相伴。
7.Love means trusting the person I love. If I love you，
I trust that you will accept my caring and my love and that you won’t deliberately hurt me. I trust that you will find me attractive, and that you won’t abandon me; I trust the mutual nature of our love. If we trust each other, we are willing to be open to each other and reveal our true selves.
翻译：爱就意味着信赖所爱之人。
爱一个人，就要相信他会接受我的关心，接受我的爱，相信他不会故意伤害我;相信自己对他有吸引力，相信他不会抛弃我;相信爱是相互的。
如果我们彼此信赖，我们就愿彼此开诚布公，敞开心扉。
8.Love can tolerate imperfection. In a love relationship there are times when I am bored, times when I may feel like giving up，times of real strain, and times I feel I can’t move forward. Authentic love does not inply enduring happiness. I can stay during rough times, however, because I can remember what we had together in the past，and I can。