2016年中石油职称英语水平考试复习资料1-5
2016年中石油职称英语水平考试复习资料1-5
1。
Six Golden Rules for Meeting Managemen t主持会议六大准则1。
If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management.1.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
2。
Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time，group members who show up late will realize the value of time。
Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow.2.总要准时开会。
如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。
准时开始反应了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其他人树立了榜样。
3。
Assign a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audiotaped。
You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good record—keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well.3。
安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。
日后你可能需要参考会议中商讨的某个问题,做好记录也是优秀会议主持人的一个特点.4.Learn to listen。
So many times we think about what we are going to say and, in the process, block out valid points that other group members may be contributing. Additionally, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people。
2016中石油职称英语考试大纲模拟试题一
模拟试題一I. Vocabulary Sectio nADirections: There are 10 in complete senten ces in this secti on. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE an swer that best completes the sentence and mark your an swer on the an swer sheet.1.1 could just see a car in the dista nee, but I could n't __ what color it was.A. make outB. look toC. look outD. take in2. He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been ___A. imposedB. exposedC. composedD. opposed3. You should these tables and buy new ones.A. throw offB. throw dow nC. throw upD. throw away4. _____ their suggestions we will discuss them fully at the next meeting.A. In regard forB. In regard t oC. With regard ofD. Regardless for5. On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ________ e ye.A. n akedB. bareC. fleshD. pure6. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A. opport un itiesB. n ecessitiesC. probabilitiesD. realities7. I found myself completely ____ by his vivid performanee.A. carried outB. carried offC. carried awayD. carried on8. Although the exam in atio n he had passed was uni mporta nt, his success ___ him in hislater study.A. persuadedB. promisedC. urgedD. en couraged9. This is the first time you have been late.A. un der no circumsta ncesB. on no acco untC. by no meansD. for no reas on10. The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red.A. set upB. catch upC. shut upD. pull upSecti on BDirecti ons: There are 10 senten ces in this sect ion. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keep ing the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the an swer sheet. -II. The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotting away.A. almostB. esse ntiallyC. alwaysD. convenien tly12. The greatest physical disti nction betwee n huma ns and apes is the hollow space huma ns haveun der their chinsA. attractio nB. dan gerC. comfortD. differe nee13. Scientists are trying to develop computers that will simulate the human thought process.II. Grammatical StructureSection ADirecti ons: There are 10 in complete senten ces in this secti on. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE an swer that best completes the sentence and mark your an swer on the an swer sheet.21. So frighte ned __ in dark ness that she did not dare to move an in ch.A. was the girlB. the girl wasC. such a girl wasD. that the girl was22. _ ou may be right, I can ' t altogether agree.A. AsB. WhileC. IfD. Since23. — Imust have eate n somethi ng wron g. I feel like .—I told you not to eat at a restaura nt. You at'homoiEtterA. substituteB. assumeC. projectD. reflect14. Tenants do not own their own apartments, they merely occupy the dwellings.A. i ntellectualsB. ren tersC. coloni zersD. con tractors Buddhist monks claim to detach their minds from their bodies.A. separateB. attachC. deliver We encoun tered the Smiths before leav ing the park ing lot.A. metB. sawC. helped Mr. Jones was take n irby that door to door salesma n vacuum clea ner.15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. B. attach D. deta inD. surprised's mooth talk. He paid almost $900.00 for a A. deceived B. i ncited C. implicated D. saturatedThe chorale wan ted to rehearse the song before the performa nee.A. si ngB. rewriteC. i ntroduceD. practicePrejudice towards mino rities probable stems from fear of the unknown.A. an gerB. biasC. rude nessD. actionIt is un wise to provoke stra nge ani mals.A. feedB. touchC. an gerD. chaseA. to throw up ... to cat C. to throw up ... cat 24. His resp onse wa_ that he did n A. soB. which 25. I have not found my book yet. I B. what B. throw ing up ... eati ngD. throw ing up... catt sagnyfebe didn ' t say no.C. whatD. such' m not s uould have done with itC. whyD. whereA. whether 26. He is sure that there was a flying saucer over there. If he had n't see n it himself, he A. n ever have believedB. n ever did believe itC. could n ever believeD. would n ever have believed27. I wish Bill would drive us to the train station but he has ____ t o take us all.A. very small a carB. too small a carC. a too small carD. such a small carthe build ing for stole n goods, the police found twenty machi ne guns. A. Search ing B. Being search ingC. SearchedD. To search29. Close the door, __?A. will you30. Section BA BUn ited States for the past eight years.32. Members of a nation ' s foreign seepc e sentthat country ' s inteaesbad and report onA B C the conditions, trends, and policies of the country which they arc stationed.D33. A mortgage enables a person to buy property without paying for it outright; thus more peopleA B C are able to enjoy to own a house.D34. Basal body temperature refers to the most lowest temperature of a healthy in dividual dur ng A BC Dwak ing hours.35. Aft er_m uch_ d i scussi on, the n egot iator s deci ded no t maki ng an offer un ti l they had loo ked o ve rA28.'t youB. do youC. shall youD. don The storm __ , they had to live in a cave.A. has destroyed their hutB. to destroy their hutC. hav ing destroyed their hutD. being destroyedDirecti ons: In questi ons 31-40 each sentence has four un derl ined words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is in correct and must be cha nged to make the sentence correct. Then mark your an swer on the an swer sheet.31. In dustrial man ageme nt is the aspect of bus in ess man ageme nt that was most prominent inthe DB CDthe cont ract.36. Employment ben efits are given n ew employees hav in creased tremendously.A B C D37. The Board of Directors are in the process of dissol ving the compa ny.A B CD38. The doctor will be giving you a lot of information; if you have questions about them, letus know.D39. The officers of Tiffany & Compa ny decided that they can establish a new branch of their storeA B Cat Paris.D40. The director suggested that you and me report our findings to the team directly.A B CDIII . Cloze TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. The n mark your an swer on the An swer Sheet.If you were to begi n a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic stre ngths and weak nesses. Success or 41 in your work would depe nd, to a great exte nt, 42 your ability to use your stre ngths and weak nesses to the best adva ntage. Of the utmost importa nee is your attitude.A person 43 begins a job convinced that lie isn't going to like it or is sure that he is going to ail is exhibit ing a weak ness which can only hin der his success. On the other hand, a pers on who is secure 44 his belief that he is probably as capable of doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt by it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The cha nces are that he will do well.45 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weak ness. A book keeper who can't add or a carpe nter who can't cut a straight line with a saw is hopeless cases.This book has been designed to help you capitalize 46 the strength and overcome the 47 that you bring to the job of lear ning. But in group to measure your developme nt, you must first take stock of where you sta nd now. 48 we get further along in the book, we'll be deali ng in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening 49 skills. However, to beg in with, you should pause to exam ine your prese nt stre ngths and weak nesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your 50 , your read ing and com muni cati on skills, and your study habits.41. A. improveme nt B. victory C. failure D. a chieveme nt42 . A. in B. on C.of D. t o43 . A. who B. what C.that D. w hich44 . A. on to B. on C.off D. i n45 . A. Have B. Had C.Havi ng D. H ad bee n46 . A. except B. but C.for D. o n47 . A. idea B. weakness C. stre ngth D. adva ntage48 . A. as B. till C.over D. o ut49 . A. lear nt B. lear ned C.lear ning D. l ear n50. A. in tellige nee B. work C.attitude D. w eaknessIV. Readi ng Comprehe nsionSectio n ADirecti ons: There are 4 passages in this secti on. Each passage is followed by 4 questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your an swer on the An swer Sheet.Questio ns 51 to 54 are based on the follow ing passage:In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were com mon. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased. One reas on for this is an in crease in the cost of liv ing. On the average, childre n atte nd schools for more years tha n they used to, mak ing them finan cially depe ndent on their families Ion ger. Moreover, childre n no wadays are better dressed and have more money to spe nd on en terta inment. The pare nts usually take the responsibility for all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more America n mothers work away from home. The break up of the family occurs whe n the pare nts divorce, A lot of childre n in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one pare nt. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves whe n their pare nts separate. They grow up feeli ng un settled as they are moved back and forth betwee n pare nts. Usually one pare nt is resp on sible for rais ing the childre n. These sin gle pare nts must care for the childre n's emoti onal and psychological n eeds while also support ing them finan cially. This is very dema nding and leaves very little time for the parent's own pers onal in terests. Sin gle pare nts ofte n marry other si ngle pare nts. In this type of family, un related childre n are forced to develop brother or sister relati on ship. The situatio ns of many America n families today are not good. However, rece nt sig ns in dicate that thi ngs are gett ing better. The divorce rate is decli ning. The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps America ns have learned how importa nt families are.51. To pare nts who take the resp on sibility for childre n's expe nses, the cost of liv ing in creasesbecauseA. childre n atte nd school for more yearsB. childre n are better dressedC. childre n spe nd more money on en terta inmentD. all of the above52. What problems would broke n families bring to both childre n and pare nts?A. Childre n grow up feeli ng un settled and pare nts did n't pay much atte nti on to childre n.B. Childre n grow up feeli ng free and one pare nt is resp on sible for rais ing the childre n.C. Childre n are moved back and forth betwee n pare nts and the sin gle pare nt is busy work ing to make money to support himself/herself.D. Children grow up feeling unsettled, and the parents have little time for his/her ownin terests because one pare nt is too busy tak ing care of childre n.53. According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may __A. become worseB. rema in the sameC. get betterD. keep un cha nged54. The title of the article might be __A. America n Childre nB. America n FamiliesC. America n MotherD. America n Pare ntsQuestions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:Whe n I was study ing at Yale, some phe nomena puzzled me greatly. I found that Chin ese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted the professor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as America n stude nts.I was impressed by the role of the professor in the sem ina 讨论会）.The professor did n't act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the stude nts. One lin guistic 语言的）feature of his in teract ing with his stude nts was that he used many modal 情态的）verbs--far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said, "This is my personal opinion and it could be wrong." or "You could be right, but you might find this point of view also interesting." In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisi ons and correct directi ons. Therefore, stude nts always expect the professor to give an an swer to the questio n, i still remember how frustrated they were whe n foreig n teachers did not provide such an an swer. Their expectati ons from authorities are much higher tha n that of America n stude nts. Once the Chin ese stude nts got the an swer, they were sure about it.Education in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taught in our university complaining about the fact that Chinese students uniformly expressed the same idea in their En glish compositi on. The exam in ati ons in America usually do not test a stude nt's ability to memorize the material but his ability to analyze and solve problems. Education in America is valued not only as a means to obta in employme nt but as a process of enhancing critical thinking.55. In the USA, when the students are in class, __A. a Chin ese stude nt tends to be very activeB. an America n stude nt likes to make troubleC. a Chin ese stude nt likes to puzzle the teacherD. an America n stude nt tends to be vigorous56. A teacher in the USA prefers to __ when he answers questions.A. be very sin cereB. be very directC. be very self-c on fide ntD. be very in differe nt57. What is the opin io n of the author concerning the differe nee of teachi ng methods betwee nChi na and the USA?A. He thinks that Chin ese teachi ng methods can make stude nts learn more.B. He holds that the major purpose of Chin ese teachi ng methods is to improve stude nts'remembra nee.C. He thinks that America n teachi ng is ability orie nted.D. He holds that American teachers hate to give a test.58. The author thinks that the relati on ship betwee n the stude nt and the teacher is __A. more in timate in Chi naB. closer in Chi naC. looser in USAD. more harm onious in USAQuestio ns 59 to 62 are based on the follow ing passage:With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up into the sky. Minutes later, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electr onic moon beg ins to orbit about the earth. Its radio beg ins to tran smit an ast onishing amount of in formatio n about the satellite's orbital path, the amount of radiation it detects, and the presence of meteorites. Information of all kinds races back to the earth. No huma n being could possibly copy dow n all these facts, much less remember and organize them. But an electronic computer can. The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simple computations--add, subtract, multiply and divide--with lighti ng speed and perfect accuracy. Some computers can work 500,000 times faster tha n any pers on can.Once it is give n a "program" -- that is, a carefully worked out set of in structi ons devised by a tech nician trained in computer Ian guage -- a computer can gather a wide range of in formati on for many purposes. For the scientist it can get information from outer space or from the depth of the ocea n. In bus in ess and in dustry the computer prepares factory inven tories, keeps track of sales trends and producti on n eeds, mails divide nd checks, and makes out compa ny payrolls. It can keep bank acco unts up to date and make out electric bills. If you are pla nning a trip by pla ne, the computer will find out what to take and what space is available.Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whe never they are n eeded. The computer is really a high powered "memory" machine that "has all the answers"--or almost all. Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems that once took mon ths for people to do. At times computers seem almost huma n. They can "read" hand prin ted letters, play chess, compose music, write plays and even design other computers. Is it any wonder that they are sometimes called "th inking" mach in es?Eve n though they are tak ing over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains, computers are not replacing us at least not yet. Our brain has more than 10 million cells. A computer has only a few hundred thousand parts. For some time to come, then, we can safely say that our brains are at least 10, 000 times more complex than a computer. How we use them is for us, not the computer, to decide.59. "Program" means __A. a pla n of what is to be doneB. a complete show on a TV station at a fixed time tableC. a scheduled performa neeD. series of coded in struetio ns to con trol the operati ons of a computer60. The computer is a high powered "memory" machi ne, which __A. has all the ready an swers -- or almost all to any questi onsB. can remember everyth ingC. can store everyth ing and work for youD. has all the answers -- or almost to all the information that has been stored61. "Th inking" mach ines suggest that __A. they can "read" hand printed letters etcB. they really can think and do many other jobsC. they eve n desig n other computersD. they can't think, but can do somethi ng un der huma n con trol62. Can computers do whatever they want to do? Why?A. Yes, because some computers can work 500,000 times faster tha n any pers on can.B. No, because they no rmally have a few hun dred thousa nd parts.C. No, because huma n brains are at least 10000 times more complex tha n any computers.D. No, because how a computer works is decided by huma n.Questio ns 63 to 66 are based on the follow ing passage:With in fiftee n years Brita in and other n ati ons should be well on with the buildi ng of huge in dustrial complexes for the recycli ng of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everyth ing that goes into the dumps would be made into someth ing useful. Eve n the most dan gerous and un pleasa nt wastes would provide en ergy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This pla nt would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.Ano ther new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separati ng the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear ope n the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that groun ders and rollers break up everythi ng that can be broke n. Fin ally the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full scale gia nt recycli ng pla nts are, perhaps, fiftee n years away .In deed, with the grow ing cost of tran sport ing rubbish to more dista nt dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycli ng pla nts before long.63. The main purpose of the passage is __A. to show us a future way of recycli ng wastesB. to tell the importa nee of recycli ng wastesC. to warn people the dan ger of some wastesD. to in troduce a new recycli ng pla nt64. How many stages are there in the recycli ng process?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.65. What is the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. It's a good way to gain profits.C. It's more economical than to dump wastes in some distant places.D. En ergy can be got at a lower price.66. Which of the followi ng stateme nts is true?A. The word "rubbish" will soon disappear from dicti on aries.B. Dan gerous wastes can be recycled into no thi ng but en ergy.C. To recycle paper and rubber will still be impossible eve n with the new recycli ng methods.D. Big cities will soon have their own recycling plants.Secti on BDirecti ons: You should an swer questi ons 67-75 which are based on the follow ing passages. Mark your an swer on the an swer sheet.The Motor CarA There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world?and the number is rising by more tha n40 milli on each year. The average dista nee drive n by car users is grow ing too - from 8 km aday per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depleti on of oil resources, traffic con gesti on and safety.B While emissions from new cars are far less harmful than they used to be, city streets andmotorways are beco ming more crowded tha n ever, ofte n with older trucks, buses and taxis which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes. This concen trati on of vehicles makes air quality in urba n areas un pleasa nt and sometimes dan gerous to breathe. Eve n Moscow has joined the list of capitals afflicted by congestion and traffic fumes. In Mexico City, vehicle polluti on is a major health hazard.C Un til a hun dred years ago, most journ eys were in the 20 km ran ge, the dista nee convenien tlyaccessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The inven ti on of themotor vehicle brought personal mobility to the massesand made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. In the Un ited Kin gdom, about 90 per cent of inland freight is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-draw n wago n. Can it avoid being locked into con gested and polluti ng ways of tran sport ing people and goods?D In Europe most cities arc still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motor carhas invo Ived add ing ring roads, on e-way systems and park ing lots. In the Un ited States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life without a car is n ext to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millio ns of people. Other social effects have bee n blamed on the car such as alie nati on and aggressive huma nbehaviour.E A 1993 study by the Europea n Federati on for Tran sport and En vir onment found that cartransport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails such as con gestio n, accide nts, polluti on, I oss of cropla nd and n atural habitats depleti on of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of pers on al tran sport. It is un realistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour ofmass tran sit.F Tech ni cal soluti on s can reduce the polluti on problem and in crease the fuel efficie ncy of engin es. But fuel con sumpti on and exhaust emissi ons depe nd on which cars arc preferred by customers and how they are drive n. Many people buy larger cars tha n they n eed for daily purposes or waste fuel by driv ing aggressively. Besides, global car us彡i in creas ing at a faster rate tha n the improveme nt in emissi ons and fuel efficie ncy which tech no logy is now making possible.G One solution that has been put forward is the Iong-term solution of designing cities and neighbourhoods so that car jour neys are not n ecessary - all esse ntial services being located within walk ing dista nee or easily accessible by public tran sport. Not on ly would this save en ergy and cut carb on dioxide emissi on s, it would also enhance the quality of com mun ity life, putt ing the emphasis on people in stead of cars. Good local gover nment is already bringing this about in some places. But few democratic com mun ities are blessed with the vision - and the capital - to make such profound changes in modem lifestyles.H A more likely sce nario seems to be a comb in ati on of mass tran sit systems for travel in to andaround cities, with sma l “ low emission ” cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean bum cars for use elsewhere. Electro ni cally tolled highways might be used to en sure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable - and made more feasible by modem computers. But these are soluti ons forcountries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old tech no logies con ti nue to predo min ate.Questio ns 67-72This passage has eight paragraphs labelled A-H. Which paragraphs concen trate on the followi ng in formatio n? Choose the correct letter A-H for questi ons 67-72 and mark your an swer on the an swer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.67. a comparis on of past and prese nt tran sportatio n methods68. how driv ing habits con tribute to road problems69. the relative merits of cars and public transport70. the writer's own prediction of future solutions71. the increasing use of motor vehicles72. the impact of the car on city developme ntQuestio ns 73-75Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in this passage? For questions 73-75, chooseA. if the statement agrees with the views of the writer (YES)B. if the statement contradicts the views of the writer (NO)C. if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this (NOT GIVEN)73. Vehicle polluti on is worse in Europea n cities tha n any where else.74. Tech no logy alone cannot solve the problem of vehicle polluti on.75. Redesig ning cities would be a short-term soluti on.。
中石油2016年职称英语考题及参考答案
中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD. prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。
【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西）secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难3、The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manger.A. continueB. hurryC. beginD. discontinue【参考答案】D【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。
2016中石油职称英语课后练习题
Lesson 11.If our time_____, it will either produce【生产】 some useful and important piece of work.A. was usefully employedB. usefully employsC. is usefully employedD. usefully employed2. Our experience and our capacities enable us to earn money when the proper____ comes.A. operation操作，手术B. protection保护C. rival竞争者，对手D. opportunity机会3._______ time is convertible【可兑换的，可转换的】 into money.A. There can be no doubt that【毫无疑问】B. It can be no doubt thatC. There can be no doubt whetherD. It can be no doubt whether4.Let those_____ think nothing of【不重视】 wasting time remember this;A. thatB. whatC. whomD. who5.All time is precious【宝贵的】; but the time of our childhood and of our youth is____ precious _____of our existence【生存，存在】.A. more than any other portionsB. more than any other portionC. more than any portionD. more than any portions6.____ mostly when you do not know what to do with yourself ____you do something ill or wrong. The mind of the idler preys upon【折磨】 itself.A. It is whoB. It is thatC. This is whenD. This is that7.We can acquire【获得】 knowledge and develop our ___ and capacities【才能】.A. facility设备，容易B. faculties【能力】C. fault缺点，过错D. faith信任，信念8.We are too often indifferent【漠不关心的】 to loss of an hour or of a day, _____that our life is the sum total【总计】 of the days and of the hours we live.A. to forgetB. forgetC. forgottenD. forgettingLesson 21.English muffins【松饼】 weren't invented 【invent:发明】in England ____ French fries in France.A. whileB. notC. eitherD. nor2. I will never come to this restaurant again. The food isterrible. _________A. Nor am IB. Neither will IC. Same with meD. So do I3. We take English for______.A. grantedB. grant同意，补助金C. grand壮丽的，盛大的D. great4. which of the two ties would you like to take?______. You know I am not particular about ties.A. AnyB. NeitherC. BothD. Either5.A guinea pig【天竺鼠】 is neither from Guinea【几内亚】nor____.A. it is a pigB. is it a pigC. is a pigD. a pig it is6.If you have a bunch【束，捆】 of odds and ends 【零碎的东西】and get rid of【去除，除掉】___one of them, what do you call it?A. all over到处B. all right正确的，好C. all at once突然D. all but7.Sometimes I think all the English speakers should _____to an asylum【精神病院】.A. permit允许B.be permittedC. commit托付，犯错D. be committed8.How can the_____ be hot as hell【地狱】 one day and cold as hell another?A. climate气候B. whether是否C. weatherD. client顾客，委托人9. When I _____ my watch, I start it.A. use up用光B. wake up醒来C. wind upD. take up拿起，占据，继续10.Sweetmeats are candies【candy：糖果】 while【而】 sweetbreads, ______aren't sweet, are meat.A. whichB. theseC. thatD. whatLesson 31. Grandpa_________ to water the flowers now. It’s going to rain soon.A isn’t needingB needn’tC doesn’t needD needs2. Have you watered the flower?I don't think this kind of flower need_____ every day.A. waterB. wateringC. be wateredD. being watered3.____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the raceA. IfB. SinceC. ThoughD. When4.__________interesting story it is!A What anB What aC How anD How5.(21.）Put things back ______ you found them.（2010年考题）A. whereB. thatC. whichD. since6.(31.)You __ yourself about money. （2010年考题）A. need not worryB. have worryC. are not being worriedD. needn't be worried7. No matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it _______ to hold hands and stick together.A. would betterB. had betterC. should betterD. is better8. Goldfish and hamsters all die. ___________.A. So we areB. So we doC. So are weD. So do we9. Think of what a better world _________ if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon.A. would it beB. it would beC. will it beD.it will beLesson41. ______wants to succeed【成功】 in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.A. whoeverB. whateverC. whomeverD. whenever2. Yet a euphoric【精神愉快的】 approach【方法】 to business is_____ enough.A.by all means一定B.by means of依靠C.by no means绝不D.by means for3.The attitude【态度】 "time is money" has more_____ on business communication in the US than it does anywhere else.A. discuss讨论B. contain 包含C. evaluate评价D. influence 影响4. Present【介绍】 and market【推销】 your case in a____ way.A. positive积极的B. possible 可能的C. previous以前的D. private私人的5.When doing business in the US, you should take the following considerations【考虑】 into______.A. adventure冒险B. accountC. advice建议D. ambition野心Lesson 51.Internet ______theft【失窃】is a growing—and very costly【昂贵的】—problem.A. identify 识别B. identity【身份】C. identical同一的D. identification鉴定，识别2.All offers ____require payment【付款】 or private information before giving an award【奖品】 are bogus 【假冒的】.A. whatB. whoC. whoseD. that3.Take the time to ____the validity【合法性】 of an offer.A. check out【检查】B. look out 向外看，当心C. make out 理解，填写D. pick out挑选，取出4. Thoroughly【彻底地】 conduct a background【背景】 check【核实】 on the company,_____ as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A. madeB. makesC. makingD. make5. If______, visit a local law enforcement【执行】 office and ask their opinion.A. in doubt【怀疑】B.in case 以防C. in conclusion最后，总之D.in detail详细地6.____ people who report such crimes, ____criminals are arrested.【逮捕】A. The more the moreB. The much the muchC. The more the betterD. The much the goodLesson 61. Although recent years have seen _____reductions【减少】 in noxious【有毒的】 pollutants【污染物质】from individual【个人的】 motor vehicles【机动车辆】.A. substantial 大量的B. substance物质C. substitute替换，替代品D. subsequent2.The number of such vehicles ___steadily【稳定地】 increasing.A. have beenB. had beenC. having beenD. has been3. There is a serious liability ____performance and fuel efficiencyA.in time ofB.in case of 万一C. in terms ofD.in honour of 为了纪念4.At a rough estimate【粗略估计】,Nigeria is ____ Great Britian.A. three times as big asB. three times as bigger asC. as three times big asD. as three times bigger as5. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about_____ methanol.A. twice as expensive asB. twice as more expensive asC.as twice more expensive asD.as twice expensive as6.（12.）The number of vehicles has been steadily increasing. _______, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.【2010年考题】A. Continuously不断地B. Consequently 因此C. Constantly不变地D. Consistently始终如一地7.All of these alternatives【替换物】 are carbon-based fuels _____molecules【分子】 are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline【汽油】.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. whose8.The hydrocarbons【碳氢化合物】 they do emit【放出】 are less likely to ______ozone【臭氧】.A. general普遍的，一般的B. generation 产生，一代C. generate产生D. generous慷慨的，大方的9.The combustion【燃烧】 of larger molecules, ____have multiple【多重的】 carbon-carbon bonds involves 【包含】 a more complex【复杂的】 series of reactions.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. who10. Ethanol【乙醇】 is commonly【通常地】 used ___a gasoline supplement【补充】.A. forB.toC.byD.as11.( 27.) Henry and Tom __ to the parties at the Trade Union every Saturday.【2010年考题】A. used to goB. were used to goC. are used to goD. use to go12.Vehicles _____ only the simplest of the engine【发动机】 improvements would still contribute【贡献出】 to an immediate【立即的】 lessening【减少】 of urban air pollution.A. corporate法人的，社团的B. cooperating(cooperate:合作)C. operating（operate：操作，运转）D. incorporating（incorporate:包含，合并）Lesson71. The car will be guided by a differential【差别的】 GPS system that corrects errors【错误】 _____in global positioning satellite【卫星】 signals【信号】.A. arising【出现】B. rise上升C. raise举起，养育D. arouse唤醒2.Further, GM envisions【设想，想象】 a system _____the Mobility Internet.A. callingB. callC. callsD. called3.How much control【控制】 you want to turn over【移交】 to the car may ______your age and where you aregoing.A. depend on【取决于】B. call on 号召，拜访C. come on 快点，前进D. go on继续4. On vacation with the family the driver may want to____ and talk to the kids.A. turn up出现B. turn to求助于C. turn on 打开D. turn around【转身】5. Taking the fun out of the driving is not our main goal—we'd like to help people enjoy______.A. to driveB. driveC. drivesD. driving6.But they should make the _____if they want to drive or press the autopilot【自动驾驶仪】 button【按钮】. "A. decision【决定】B. decideC. departure 离开D. departLesson 81. They are the principles, many of them,____ I learned at my mother's knee.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. how2. They are the principles【原则，准则】 on which my wife and I have tried to _____our family.A. bring down降价B. bring about造成C. bring forth提出D. bring up 教育3. The question is not worth _____again and again.A. discussB. discussingC.to discussD.to be discussed4. Only then ___ how much damage had been caused.A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize5. Only in this way_____ English well.A. can we learnB. we can learnC. we learn canD. that we can learn6. that right can and will triumph【战胜，击败】___might【权利】.A. uponB. onC. overD. offLesson 91.______ he was late, he was not criticized【批评】 by the teacher．A. Even thoughB. Even ifC. As if好像D.As though好像2. The need for____ public speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime in your life.A. efficient效率高的B. efficientlyC. effectivelyD.effective有效的3. You ____a big step toward overcoming【战胜】 stage fright if you ____positively.A. take, thinkB. will take, will thinkC. take, will thinkD. will take, think4. The training is____ for every type of communication.A.valueless没有价值的B. invaluableC.worthless无价值的D. inworth5.This is the most interesting film ___ I’ve ever seen.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when6.（25. ）Gorillas are quiet animals, ______ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.（2010年考题）A. howB. in spite of虽然，尽管+名词C. even thoughD. because of因为+名词7. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you ___a wide range【一系列】 of skills.A. employB. explore勘探C. empty倒空D. explode爆炸8. You___ to【适应于】 feedback【反馈】 from your listener.A. adopt收养，采纳B. adjust调节C. adaptD. admit承认9.Listeners____ negatively【消极地】 to speeches loaded with【使装满】 slang【俚语】,jargon【行话】,and bad grammar.A. actB. contact接触C. react【反应】D. interact相互作用10. One of the major concerns【担心，焦虑】 of students in any speech class___ stage fright【怯场】.A. areB. isC. wasD. were11. Your speech class will give you an opportunity【机会】 to gain confidence【信心】 and make your nervousness work for you _____against you.A. more than超过，多于B. other than 除了C. less than小于D. rather than【而不】12. The interaction【相互作用】 of these seven elements is ___determines【决定】the outcome【结果】in any instance【情况】of speech communication.A. whatB. thatC. howD. which13.（5.） The speaker is the person who _____ a speech transaction.A. initial最初的B. initiates 开始v.C. initiatives主动权D. initiation开始n.【2011年考题】Lesson 101.The clean-energy business is turning into【成为】 the next big ______ boom【繁荣】.A. invitationB. introductionC. investigationD. investment【投资】2.The Governor【州长】 is a hero【英雄】 in green circles _____his enthusiasm【热情】 for environmental 【环境的】 regulation【规章】.A. because ofB. becauseC. instead ofD. instead代替3.But clean-energy advocates【提倡者】_____growth is sustainable【可持续的】 because of the likes of Mr. Schwarzenegger.A. insist【坚决认为】B. inspect 检查C. inquire询问D. injure伤害4.Such exaggeration【夸张】 might remind people _____the dotcom【网站】bubble【泡影】.A. forB. ofC. aboutD. with5.About ______of those present【出席的】, one visitor happily observed【观察】, were "check-writers".A. three-quarterB. quarter-threeC. three-quartersD. quarters-three6.This "megatrend【大趋势】", the keynote【主旨】 speaker advocated【提倡】, "may be the biggest job and wealth-creation _____of the 21st century."A. occasion机会B. occupation职业C. opportunity【机会】D. optimism乐观7.Fuel cells【电池】 running on hydrogen【氢】 will _____the internal combustion engine【内燃机】.A. take the place of【代替】B. take part in参加C. take into account考虑D. take care of照顾Lesson 111.This is roughly the ____of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18years of age or more.A. equipment设备B. balanced平衡的C. identical完全一致的D. equivalent相等的2. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies __ to determine whether smoking is a health hazardA. have been conductedB. have conductedC. conductedD. were conducted3. China is a _____ country.A. developB. developmentC. developingD. developed4. Male cigarette Smokers have a higher death ____ from heart disease than non-smoking males.A. rat老鼠B. rateC. priceD. evidence证据5. They can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the ___.A. tobaccoB. healthC. illness疾病D. hazard6.Tobacco【烟草，烟叶】 smoking, particularly【特别】 cigarette smoking, is associated___【联系】 shortened life expectancy【平均寿命】.A.toB.byC. withD.as7.Chemical pesticides【杀虫剂】___now ____by farmers in vast quantities【数量】 to destroy insects and small animals.A. are being usedB. are usingC. are usedD. are being using8. Current research indicates a ___ relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat.A. causalB. casualC. causeD. caseLesson121. We’d like to share some of the _____ meanings love has for us.A. preference偏爱B. preparation 准备C. possible 可能的D. positive 积极的2.I’m _______ of the many sides of the other person--not just the beautiful side but also the limitations【局限，限制】.A. wareB. welfareC. awareD. care3. Love means that I _____ the welfare【幸福，福利】of the person I love.A. carry on 经营，继续B. come up 发生，出现C. care about关心D. count on 依靠，依赖4. I hope you will become all_____ you can become.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who5. In a love relationship there are times ____I am bored.A. whenB. whereC. whyD. what6._______, love comes into an imperfect world to make it possible to live.A. In another wordsB. In other words【换句话说】C. In othersD. In another7. Love involves seeing the______ within the person we love.A. position位置B. production生产C. practice 练习D. potential潜力Lesson131.“It’s clear that the brain ______ from exercise.”A. benefitsB. beneficial 有益的C. believeD. broadcast广播2.Vigorous【精力充沛的】physical exercise【体育运动】provides the brain _____ more fuel.A. toB. towardsC.atD. with3.Inactivity may also have ______ effects on mind and body alike.A. positive积极的B. negative【消极的，否定的】C. necessary必要的D. complete完整的4.Skill-based exercise increases the formation【结构】of connections【连接】in the brain,______ , according to the proposals【建议】of some scientists.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. which5.And if the dance is a good physical exercise _____, the benefits multiply【相乘，增加】.A. as wellB. tooC. eitherD. alsoLesson 141.She saved what little money she could ____as a scullery maid.A. workB. to workC. workingD. worked2. My dear lady." he replied,"___ you never __an opportunity?"A. have receivedB. did receiveC. will receiveD. had received3.My dear lady, I will give you an ____today. I want you to write me a letter about the brick."A. assign v.分配B. assistant 助手C.assignmentD. assist v.帮助4.She sent __document【文件】 about the brick in her kitchen and, to her surprise, she receiveda letter back.A. a 36 pagesB. a 36-pagesC. a 36 pageD. a 36-page5. Although he___ in that city for 15 years, he, in 2006,returned to Paris.Ａ. lived B. has livedC. would liveD. had lived6. She soon quit【辞去】 her kitchen job to ____writing.A. take part in 参加B. take in 欺骗，上当，理解C. take effect 生效D. take up7. If ___a chance, will you take it?A. givesB. givingC. will giveD. givenLesson 151.Alberta _______the western part of Canada.A.locatesB. locates inC. is located inD. located in2.With an area of approximately 255,212 square miles,____ to 661,000 square kilometers.A.equivalentB. equalC. sameD. identical3.China is larger than ______ in Asia.A. any other countriesB. any other countryC. some other countryD. some other countries4. The third largest city is Lethbridge,___ a population of about 67,000 persons.A.to haveB. hadC. havingD. have5. In winter, it is___ colder and in the north, the temperature can drop to 20 degrees belowzero.A. moreB. manyC. mostD. much6.It has a population【人口】 of only 3.26 million, about ____of the population of Shanghai.A.one fifthB.one fiveC. fifth oneD. first fifth7. The____ in Alberta is pleasant, particularly【特别，尤其】 in summer, when the average 【平均的】 temperature is about 60 degrees Fahrenheit【华氏温标】.A. weatherB. temperatureC. climateD. season8. Many tourists are attracted【吸引】 to the first____ skiing ground at the resorts【度假胜地】 of Banff【班夫】 and Jasper【嘉思帕】.A. ateB. rateC. reality 现实D. reaction反应Lesson 161.“Please pass the turkey and dressing【调味品】.” What does this simple ______ make you think about?A. represent代表B. replace代替C. request【请求，要求】D. respect尊敬2. A nuclear family ____a husband and wife and their children.A. listens toB. turns to转向，求助于C. refers to【谈及】D. occurs to发生3. Several_____ may even live together. In America, only in a few cases does more than one household live under one roof.A. generations【一代人】B. competitions比赛C. contributions贡献D. destination目的地4. _______ fearing Mom and Dad, children may think of them as good friends.A. Instead ofB. instead 相反C. inform of将…告知D. inform5.Social pressures【压力】 are ______ more and more American homes.A. break into闯入B. break down失败，损坏C. break out爆发D. breaking apart【使…分裂开】6. Oh, and ____ thing: be thankful for each other. If you have a family，every day should be Thanksgiving.A. more oneB.one anotherC. first moreD. one moreLesson171.The _____ report is a wide-ranging【广泛的】 look at the role that information technology plays in the economy【经济】.A.69-pagesB. 69 pageC. 69-pageD.69 pages2.The study was done by a year-old research organization, the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation,_____ work is supported【支持】 by companies like I.B.M.A. whoseB. whichC. whoD. what3.Health care providers must increasingly【越来越多地】____modern computing tools.A. adapt 改编B. adopt采用C. afford 负担得起D. argue 争论4.The services sector，which ______80 percent of the American work force【劳动力】，is expected to generate【引起，产生】 most of the new jobs in the future.A. employsB. employmentC. employeeD. employer5.The policy issue【问题】 is how do you get digital【数字的】______in these other sectors.A. transformB. translate翻译C. translationD. transformation【转化】Lesson181. There are several reasons _____ international trade exists【存在】.A. whereB. whenC. whyD. what2. International trade is the _____of goods【商品】and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country.A. exist存在B. excuse 原谅C. expense花费D. exchange【交换】3. In the cultivation【培育】of natural products climate plays a ______ role.A．decision决定 B．delicate 微妙的C．deposit 储蓄 D．decisive【决定性的】4. The theory of comparative advantage, also called the comparative ______theory.A. cost【成本】B. costly昂贵的C. copy抄写D. correct 正确的5. The paradox【似非而是的论点】 is best _____ by this traditional example.A. illustrated【说明】B. illustrationC. imagine想象D. imagination6. Insurance is another service ___which some nations specialize.A. atB. onC. forD. in7. During the winter, the Bahamas _____ large numbers of tourists【旅游者】.A. distractB. distraction分心C. attractionD. attract【吸引】Lesson 191.There is an old English saying,"___ is the mother of invention.A. necessary 必须的B. needC. NecessityD. necessarily2. Surplus sugar cane could _____ produce energy.A.be used asB. be used toC.be used forD.be used in作为 to do for doing 地点3. Scientists ___that the world's known oil resources will run out early in the next century.A. predictB. prefer 喜欢C. precede领先D. prepare准备4. Recently protein feeds for animals _____by growing yeast in a petroleum based stock.A. has been developedB. have been developedC. has developedD. have developed5. Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world _____ out of oil?A. ranB. runC. has runD. had run6. As you head for your bus, train or car, ____ use petroleum products in the form of fuel to move them.A. all of whichB. all of themC. all of thatD. all of theyLesson 201.______this story, long ago all people spoke the same language.A. add up to 总计达B.as to 至于，关于C. appeal to 呼吁D. According to2. The Scandinavian languages of Danish【丹麦语】,Icelandic【冰岛语】,Norwegian【挪威语】,and Swedish【瑞典语】____the North Germanic grouping.A. compress 压缩B. compromise妥协C. compute计算D. comprise3. Being able to communicate with others in this far-reaching linguistic group will offer the user____ benefits.A. measure测量B. measurement测量法C. measurable可测量的D. immeasurable4. More than one-third of the world's economic production _______in these countries, too.A. originatesB. origin n.起源C. original a.最初的，原始的D. orientation n.方向5. The same is true, of course, for ____ who want to learn Dutch or Danish from an Englishor German background.A. thatB. theseC. thisD. those6.German【德语】,_____ just over 100,000,000 people, is one of the world's ten-largest languages in terms of population.A. talked byB. talks byC. spoken byD. speaks by7.Though these languages cannot be easily understood among their different speakers, the similarities【类似，相似】 in vocabulary are____.【显著的，突出的】A.strikingB. strike打，击，罢工C. string细绳，线D. striving (strive努力)8.Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages ____for a great deal of the world's output 【产品】 in everything from economics【经济】 to literature【文学】 to military【军事】 to science and technology.【2010年考题】A. accountB. allow允许C. apply申请D. arrange安排Lesson 211.Inside the USA anybody of any age or income can drink it without embarrassment on any ____.A. occasional偶然的B. occupation职业C. occurrence事件，发生D. occasion场合，时机2. Cola drinks contain caffeine from the kola nut and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating ____refreshing.A.as long as只要B. as well as 也，又C.as good as和…一样D.as soon as 一…就3. Americans __ a lot of alcohol in the form of cocktails.A. consume消耗，消费B. swallow吞，咽C. dispose处理，处置D. exhaust用尽，耗尽4. While he was in the office, he preferred __ something __nothing.A. to do, to doB. to do, doingC. doing, to doD. doing, to doing5. Service in restaurants and coffee shops is _____and friendly.A. efficiency效率B. effect作用，结果C. effective有效的D. efficient效率高的6.Many American families pride themselves ____ their cooking, and have deep freezers, where they store【储藏】 food.A. onB. ofC. inD. at7.There ___supermarkets in the USA since the 1930s,and they have now spread【散布】 througha large part of the world.A. has beenB. have beenC. areD. is8.（11.） Whereas outside the USA, Coke tends to be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age can drink it on any _____ without embarrassment.【2011年考题】A. choice选择B. occasion时刻，场合C. occupation职业D. occurrence发生出现9.（12.） The waiters will refill your coffee cup several times for no extra _____【2011年考题】A. expand扩大B. offer提供C. price价格D. charge附加费，费用Lesson 221. One of the odder coincidences of physical geography is the fact____ there are two double islands, roughly the same size.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where2. North Island in New Zealand sports a balmy climate and the beaches to _____it.A. make fun of 取笑B. make sure 确信C. make sense 有意义D. make use of使用，利用3. Some of the world's best mountain scenery is available within the____ long chain of theSouthern Alps.A. 500-kilometersB.500-kilometerC. 500-kilometers’D. 500 kilometer4. Its temperate【温和的】_____sees little snow except in the highlands and mountainous areas.A. climateB. weatherC. placeD. scene5. And for those who would rather _____at home or in an office in front of a computer screen.A.to stayB. stayingC. staysD. stay6.Some of the world's best mountain _____is available【可见的】 within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps.【2010年考题】A. sceneB. sceneryC. scarce缺乏的，罕见的D. scare恐吓，感到害怕7. The fresh air is sometimes humid【潮湿的】 from the____ rainfall of this area.【2010年考题】A. numerous很多的B. abundant大量的，充足的C. plenty充分地（adv.）D. substantive真实的8. As fewer people ____South Island than on North Island, those who crave【渴望】 solitude 【独居】 and pristine【原始的】 beaches will be amazed【吃惊】 at their luck here.A. live onB. live in 住在某地C.live through经历过D.live up to实行，履行Lesson 231.She was building a sandcastle or something and _____，her eyes as blue as the sea.A. look after 照顾B. look forward to期望C. looked up向上看，查找D. look down upon轻视2. I thought I saw her mother on the porch【走廊】 and felt like ____she keep her childat home.A.to demandB. demandingC. demandedD. demand要求3. I'm afraid I allowed her ____you. If she was a nuisance, please, accept my apologies.”A. to botherB. botherC. botheringD. bothered4. The ___little picture is framed now and hangs in my study.A. precise精确的B. previous 先前的C. premier首要的D. precious宝贵的5. A gift from a child with sea-blue eyes and hair the color sand-____ taught me the giftof love.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who6. I was____; my life seemed completely【完全地】out of balance【平衡】.A. depend依靠依赖B. depression n.沮丧C. depressedD. dependent依靠的，依赖的7. The ever-changing balm【芳香】 of the seashore ____ me.A. awaited vt.B. waited vi.C. awoke(awake醒着的,唤醒)D. woke(wake唤醒)Lesson 241. A complete refining installation must include all necessary__.A. facultiesB. fragmentsC. facilitiesD. fairlyfacility n.设备, 工具faculty n.才能, 本领, 能力, 全体教员,fragment n.碎片, 片段 fairly adv.公正地, 公平地2. Petroleum refining is the ____of petroleum into fractions.A. separationB. separate v.C. September九月D. separately adv.3. Refining petroleum is a ______series of steps.A. complete完整的B. component成分C. complex复杂的D. complain抱怨4. As the demand for gasoline increased, distillation could no longer supply the necessary_______.A. qualities质量B. qualifications资格C. quarters一刻钟D. quantities数量5. Steam distillation will yield a better quality____.A. produceB. product（工业）C. productionD. producer6. Most petroleum products, including kerosenes【煤油】,fuel oils, lubricating oils【润滑油】,and waxes【石蜡】,are fractions of petroleum that _____ to remove【去除】 undesirable 【不需要的】 components【成分】.A. has been treatedB. have been treated。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》_第1-10课 课后练习及答案
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试课后练习及答案目录1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2)2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013版) (2)3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的... . (4)4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013版) (5)5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料（2010版） (7)6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版) (9)7 OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (11)8 THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (13)9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (16)10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (16)1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）课后练习：1.If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting ____.A. treatmentB.requirementC.managementD.improvement2.If you begin on time, group members who ____ late will realize the value of time.A.bring upe upC.dress upD.show up3. You may need to refer back to【查阅，重新提及】an issue ____ was discussed during the meeting at a later date.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.where4. ____, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than【而不是】really listening to other people.A.TraditionallyB.AdditionallyC.ConditionallyD.Exceptionlly5.Many times important issues can get sidetracked【转变话题的】in a meeting, _____ when everyone has a different opinion about the topic.A.essentiallyB.entirellyC.extremelyD.especially6. If you ____ a conflict【冲突】prior to【在……之前】the meeting, discuss the issue with participants【参与者】in advance【提前】.A.anticipateB.participateC.preserveD.announce7. If an unanticipated【不曾预料到的】conflict develops once the meeting is in progress 【进行中】, either appoint a subcommittee【小组委员会】to ____ the problemA.look intoB.look onC. look overD.look through答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5D 6A 7A2. Network Security 网络安全(2013版)课后练习：1.Internet ____ theft 【失窃】is a growing—and very costly【昂贵的，expensive】—problemA.identifyB.identityC. identicalD.identification2. All offers ____ require payment【付款】or private information before giving an award 【奖品】are bogus【假冒的】.A.whatB.whoC.whoseD.that3. Take the time to ____ the validity【合法性】of an offer.A.check outB.look outC.make outD.pick out4.Thoroughly【彻底地】conduct a background【背景】check【核实】on the company, ____ as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A.madeB.makesC.makingD.make5. If ____, visit a local law enforcement【执行】office and ask their opinion.A.in doubtB.in caseC.in conditionD.in detail6. ____ people who report such crimes, ____ criminals are arrested.A. the more; the moreB. the more; moreC. more; moreD. the most; the most答案：1B 2D 3A 4C 5A 6A补充练习：1. Use the ____ version of your web browser.A. laterB. lastC. latestD. late2. ____ conduct a background check on the company, making as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A. ThoughB. ThroughlyC. ThorughD. Thoroughly3. Don't ____ secure websites using public Wi-Fi.A. accessB. acessC. processD. accesses4. Sign up for alerts ____ your mobile phone or email.A. to send toB. to be sent toC. to be sentD. to sent to5. your bank and credit card accounts weekly.A. monitoB. monitoredC. monitorD. monitoring答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5C3 .All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的…课后练习：1.Grandpa ___ to water the flowers now, It’s going to rain soon.A.isn’t needingB.needn’tC.doesn’t needD.needs2.Have you watered the flower? I don’t think this kind of flower need ____ every day.A.waterB.wateringC.be wateredD.being watered3.___ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.A.IfB.SinceC.ThonghD.When4.____ interesting story it is!A.What aB.thatC.whichD.since5. Put things back ____ you found them. (2010年考题)A.whereB.thatC.whichD.since6.You ___ yourself about money(2010年考题)A.need not worryB.have worryC. are not being worriedD.need’n be worried7. No matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it _____ to hold hands and stick together.A. would betterB. had betterC. be betterD. is better8. Goldfish and hamsters all die. ________.A. So do usB. So we doC. So are weD. So do we9. Think of what a better world ______ if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon.A. would it beB. it would beC. will it beD. it going to be答案：1C 2B 3A 4A 5A 6A 7D 8D 9B补充练习：1、When you go out into the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and _____ together.A. stickB. stuckC. strikeD. struck2. Put things back _______ you found them.A. whatB. whileC. whereD. which3. It would be a better world if we all _____ with our blankets for a nap.A. lay downB. laid downC. lain downD. lied down4. Don't take things .A. that aren't yoursB. which aren’t youC. that aren’t youD. which are n’t yours答案：1A 2C 3A 4A4. How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判(2013版)课后练习：1.___ wants to succeed【成功】in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.A.WhoeverB.whateverC.whomeverD.whenever2. Yet a euphoric approach to business is ___ enough.A. by all meansB. by means ofC. by no meansD. by means for3. he attitude【态度】"time is money" has more ___ on business communication in the US than it does anywhere else.A.discussB.containC.evaluateD.influence4.Present【介绍】and market【推销】your case in a ___ way.A.positiveB.possibleC.previousD.private5.When doing business in the US, you should take the following considerations into ___.A.adventureB.accountC.adviceD.ambition答案：1A 2C 3D 4A 5B补充练习：1. Its business culture, ____has brought the world "shareholder value" and "IPOs", ___ commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so.A. which; has leadedB. which; has been leadingC. that; has leadedD. that; has been leading2. Yet a euphoric approach _____ business is by no means enough.A. intoB. withC. toD. on3. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time ____ focused.A. ruthlessB. ruthlesslyC. ruthlessness4. ____ a personal relationship with the business partner is not as important as ____ results.A. Developing; gettingB. Developing; to getC. To develop; gettingD. To develop; to get5. For this reason, many US __ contain the provision "time is of the essence" within their preamble.A. contactsB. contentsC. contendsD. contracts6. The negotiation will ___ in a well-prepared, calm and pragmatic manner, all laced ___a substantial dose of humor.A. proceed; withB. process; withC. process; inD. proceed; in7. Religion, politics or ethnic background should be touched on ___.A. cautiouslyB. cautiousnessC. cautiousD. caution8. Do not ____ your negotiating partners' relaxed style of communication.A. are misled byB. misled byC. be misled byD. be misled9. The casual attitude in the US does not mean ___ no hierarchy in US companies.A. that isB. there isC. there areD. that are答案：1B 2C 3B 4A 5D 6A 7A 8C 9B5.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料（2010版）课后练习：1. Although recent years have seen ______ reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing.A. substantialB. substanceC. submitD. subjective2.The number of such vehicles ___ steadily increasingA.have beenB.had beenC.having beenD.has been3.There is a serious liability ___ performance and fuel efficiency.A.in time ofB.in case ofC.in terms ofD.in honour of4.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is _____ Great BritainA.three times as big asB.three times as bigger asC. as three times big asD.as three times gigger as5. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about ___ methanolA.twice as expensive asB. twice as more expensive asC. as twice more expensive asD. as twice expensive as6. the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. ____, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.【2010年考题】A.ContinuouslyB.ConsequentlyC.ConsantlyD.Consistently7. All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels _______ molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose8. The hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to _____ ozone.A generalB generationC generateD generous9. The combustion of larger molecules, _____ have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involvesa more complex series of reactions.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. who10. Ethanol is commonly used ____ a gasoline supplementA.forB.toC.byD.as11.Henry and Tom ___ to the particles at the Trade Union every Saturday(2010年考题)ed to goB.were used to goC.are used to goD.ues to go12. Vehicles ____ only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.A. corporateB.cooperatingC. operatingD. incorporating答案：1A 2D 3C 4A 5A 6D 7D 8C 9B 10D 11A 12D补充练习：1. Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles ____ .A. have been steadily increasingB. has been steadily increasedC. has been steadily increasingD. have been steadily increased2. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone that _____ legally established limits.A. succeedB. proceedC. exceedD. excess3. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle _____ is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. permissionB. emissionC. omissionD. Mission4. There is a growing realization that the only ___ way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. effectiveB. efficientC. sufficientD. Supplement5. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likelyto _____ uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere.A. leaseB. releaseC. pleaseD. relief6. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have _____.A. drawbacksB. setbackC. drawerD. backward7. Ethanol and methanol have important advantages _____ other carbon-based alternative fuels.A. onB. overC. byD. with8. It is currently about ______ as methanol.A. twice as expensive asB. as twice expensive asC. as expensive twice asD. expensive as twice as9. Methanol's most attractive feature is that it can reduce ____ about 90 percent the vehicle emissions.A. ofB. inC. onD. by10. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more ____ than gasoline clone vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel.A. effectiveB. efficientC. sufficientD. supplement答案：1C 2C 3B 4A 5B 6A 7B 8A 9D 10B6. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车(2013版)课后练习：1.The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors ___ in global positioning satellite signals.A.arisingB.riseC.raiseD.arouse2. GM envisions【设想，想象】a system ___ the Mobility InternetA.callingB.callC.callsD.called3. How much control you want to turn over to the car may __ your age and where youare goingA.depend onB.call one onD.go on4. On vacation with the family the driver may want to __ and talk to the kidsA.turn upB.turn toC.turn onD.turn around5. Taking the fun out of the driving is not our main goal—we'd like to help people enjoy __A. to driveB.driveC.drivesD.driving6. But they should make the ___ if they want to drive or (they) press the autopilotbutton.A.decisionB.decideC.departureD.depart答案：1A 2D 3A 4D 5A补充练习：1. It is an early step toward a robo-car that can drive itself, perhaps ____ .A. better than youB. better than you canC. better you can2. The TTS run will demonstrate ____ the car can take curves as fast as a human driver—without driving off a cliff.A. asB. thatC. whenD. whether3. The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors arising in global positioning satellite signals ____ they travel through the ionosphere and troposphere.A. asB. thatC. whatD. where4. Second, the car needs ____ collisions.A. to be able to avoidB. being able to avoidC. to be able to avoiding5. Some of these capabilities have already hit the street, and others %___ in tests.A. has been demonstratedB. have been demonstratedC. have demonstrated6. GM envisions a system ___ connects intelligent cars to each other and to remote servers in a vast, moving peer-to-peer network that would let them ____ efficiently and in sync.A. that; to travelB. which; travelC. where; travelD. that; travel7. How much control you want to turn over to the car(主语) may depend on your age and ____.A. where are you goingB. where you are goingC. where do you go toD. that you are going8. Taking the fun out of the driving（主语）is not our main goal—we'd like to ___.A. help people to enjoy to driveB. help people enjoy to driveC. help people enjoy drivingD. help people enjoying to drive答案：1B 2D 3A 4A 5B 6D 7B 8C考点：使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的“不完全”及物动词，主要有make(使,令)，let(让)，help(帮助)，have(叫)等，其后的不定式“不带to”。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第51-60课-课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录51. THOSE FASCINATING NORTHERN LIGHTS 迷人的北极光（2016新版）152 SALES PROMOTION 产品促销553. OIL REFINING 石油炼制（2016新增）554 ANOTHER HAPPINESS 另一种快乐1255. IT’S NEVER TOO LATE FOR SUCCESS成功不分早晚（2016新增）1556 WHY TO MARK A BOOK 怎样在书上做标记1957 EARTH'S LAST FRONTIER:THE SEA 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域2358. OUR MANY RESPONSES TO PAIN <NEW>2859. FOREST FIRES: A MAJOR DISASTER <NEW>3360 WHY ANTARCTICA IS BEING EXPLORED 为什么要勘探南极洲38温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉与到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。
是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
51. Those Fascinating Northern Lights迷人的北极光（2016新增）1. At 10:00 p.m. on March 23，1969, the Bowater Power Water Company in Deer Lake, Newfoundland experienced a disturbance on its system. The frequency converter at Comer Brook tripped off, shutting down half of the big paper mill. There was a radio blackout over most of theAtlantic Provinces. And accompanying these activities was a magnificient display of northern lights —boiling up out of the north and hanging in bundles of long rays like draperies across the sky. Ninety-three million miles away, a rather ugly looking sunspot was making its way across the disc of the sun.1. 1969年3月23曰晚上10点，保华特水电公司（the Bowater Power Water Company)位于纽芬兰（Newfoundland)鹿湖的设备系统出现了异常；科纳布鲁克（ComerBrook)的变频器跳间，使得一半的大造纸厂停产；大西洋沿岸各省的无线电中断。
中石油、中石化职称英语考试参考用书
第一部分通用英语Part OneEnglish for General PurposesUNIT 1 How to be Happy如何获得幸福TextRead the text. Answer the given questions and translate the underlined sentences or paragraphs into Chinese.In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make). This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.Step 1: Peace and quietJonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. If you areunfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council. Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.Step 2: RelationshipsThis is the most important of all the external conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery. When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on.Step 3: ShareIf you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others.1. What's the happiness formula according to the passage?2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronicnoise pollution?3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?4. Where does the unhappiness come from?5. What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship?ExercisesA. Translate the following sentences into English.1．吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和(domestic upset)有很大影响。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》ltm_第01-10课-课文精讲(纠错版)
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (1)2. Network Security 网络安全 (2013新增)(2013阅读题) (3)3 .All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的... . (6)4. How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判(2013新增) (9)5.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (12)6. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车(2013版新增) (15)7. Our Family Creed 家族的信条（2007版） (18)8. The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (21)9. Oil and Gas Generation油气生成（2016版新增） (24)10.The Dress Code for Office Life办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (27)1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）If you are asked to chair(主持，椅子) a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management(管理，regulation).如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
1.Always start the meeting on time(准时，按时). If you begin on time, group members who show up(出席，到场，appear) late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects(反射，映出) skill as an effective(有效的，efficient) time manager and sets a precedent(先例，前例) for others to follow.1.总要准时开会。
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1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Managemen t主持会议六大准则1.If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management.1.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
2.Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow.2.总要准时开会。
如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。
准时开始反应了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其他人树立了榜样。
3.Assign a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audiotaped. You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good record-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well.3.安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。
日后你可能需要参考会议中商讨的某个问题，做好记录也是优秀会议主持人的一个特点。
4.Learn to listen. So many times we think about what we are going to say and, in the process, block out valid points that other group members may be contributing. Additionally, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people. Meeting that are characterized by effective listening are successful meetings.4.学会倾听。
常见的是，我们想的是我们将要说些什么，因此就妨碍了听取别的与会者说出的合理论点。
再有，我们经常只听我们想要听的，而不是真正地倾听他人的意见。
能有效倾听意见的会议是成功的会议。
5.Keep the discussion on track. Many times important issues can get sidetracked in a meeting, especially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. If you anticipate a conflict prior to the meeting, discuss the issue with participants in advance. If an unanticipated conflict develops once the meeting is in progress, either appoint a subcommittee to look into the problem, or ask participants involved in the conflict to meet with you after the meeting. Doing so will help keep the discussion on track and minimize the chances of wasting participants’valuable time.5.让讨论紧扣主题。
往往许多重大问题在会议上容易离题，特别是当每位与会者对问题意见不同时。
如果会前你已预料到会有冲突发生，那就提前与当事人交换一下意见。
如果会议期间有未曾预料到的冲突发生，委派一个小组委员会对出现的问题予以调查，或者请卷入冲突的人员会后与你再谈。
这样能够让讨论紧扣主题，并尽可能少浪费与会者的宝贵时间。
6.Give everyone an opportunity to be heard. Some people tend to monopolize meetings, whereas others wait to be asked their opinions. As the leader of the meeting, you need to keep an open mind and make sure everyone feels welcome to contribute and express ideas without criticism.6.给每位与会者说出自己看法的机会。
有些人易于滔滔不绝占据会议的大部分时间，而有些人则等着被别人叫才开口。
作为会议主持人，你需要思想开阔，无偏袒之心，确保每位与会者都能感到，表达自己的想法是受欢迎的，不会受到别人非难。
7.End on time. If you said the meeting would last no longer than one hour, make sure the meeting lasts for noly an hour. Meeting participants tend to plan the rest of their day around the time allotted for the meeting. Running late with a meeting makes members tardy for other appointments, increases the chances that members will mentally leave the meeting, and reduces your credibility as an effective meeting manager.7.准时结束会议。
如果你说了会议不会超过1小时，那就要保证会议只持续1小时。
与会者的日程安排往往受到会议的左右。
会议超时会导致他们迟赴别的约会，增加他们心不在焉的可能性，也会降低你作为一位善于主持会议的人的信誉。
2. Network Security 网络安全1. As more Americans do more things online, Internet identity theft is a growing—and very costly —problem. Consider the following ten aspects and learn the best ways to protect yourself.1.随着美国网民不断增多，互联网使用越来越频繁，互联网身份失窃成了一个日益严重且代价昂贵的问题。
阅读以下十条建议，学会保护自己隐私的最佳方式。
2. Guard Your Personal Information. Never respond to requests for personal or account information online (or over the phone). When your social security number is requested as an identifier, ask if you can provide alternate information. Watch out for convincing imitations of banks, card companies, charities and government agencies. Use legitimate sources of contact information to verify requests for information, such as your financial institution's official website or the telephone number listed on statements.2.保护个人信息。
绝不在网上（或通过电话)回复任何索取个人信息或账户信息的请求。
当网络运营商要求你输入社会保障号码作为确认标识时，询问是否能够提供其他信息代替社会保障代号。
小心警惕那些伪装成银行、信用卡公司、慈善组织和政府机构的网站，它们总是伪装得很逼真。
使用来源于官方的联系方式来验证个人信息索取请求（是否可靠），例如金融机构的官方网址，或是结算单上的电话号码。
3. Don't overshare. Don't divulge your birth date, mother's maiden name, pet's name or any other identifying information on social media websites such as Facebook, Linkedln or Twitter.3.忌过度共享个人信息。
在类似于Facebook、LinkedIn和Twitter的社交网站上，不要泄露你的生日、母亲的娘家姓、宠物的名字或其他任何涉及身份的信息。
4. Stay Up to Date. Install anti-virus software on your computer and keep it updated. Use the latest version of your web browser. Install security patches and software updates as soon as they are ready to install.4.经常更新电脑。
在电脑上安装杀毒软件，经常更新病毒库。
使用最新版本的网络浏览器。
及时安装安全补丁和软件更新。
5. Make it Difficult. Use unique and hard-to-guess passwords. Don't access secure websites using public Wi-Fi.5.密码设置得复杂些。