高考英语二轮名校专题精讲 阅读理解新题赏析(新题型)
2024届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解细节类考点难题特点分析讲义
细节类考点难题特点分析通过对2023年高考英语全国I卷的分析，发现细节题的设题上有所创新，考点出处不集中某一句话的题目数量增加。
有4个题都需要通过文章多处细节进行推理提炼得出答案，如果只关注某句，则很难得出正确答案。
比如，24题推测John的性格特点，25题推测John添加污泥的原因，26题作者提到福州项目的目的，30题作者在书籍最后一章呈现的内容，这些题的答案都没有在文章中某句话中明确指出，都需要结合多处细节题进行推理和提炼。
这大大增加了试题的难度和区分度。
那么，2023年全国卷4套题里，类似的题多吗？分别考查了什么细节呢？1.分布情况从上表可知，需要结合多处细节题进行推理和提炼答案的题目数量不少，分别为3到6题，在ABCD这4篇阅读中都各有分布。
每套题里至少有2篇文章中会出现该种考法。
2.考查细节2.1 比较信息A篇一般为应用文，在设题的时候会进行信息对比，比如时间先后，相同点和不同点等。
比如：21. Which of the four programs begins the earliest (2023 QGII-A)21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common (2023 乙-A)22. How was Tan Yuanxian different from the other practitioners (2023 乙-A)2.2 举例目的每套题的BCD阅读中，都会有一个举例目的题，考查学生对所举例子在文章中作用的了解。
考生基于所举例子，根据上下文推测出举例的目的。
比如：26. What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou (2023 QGI-B)答案： B.To show an application of John’s idea.原文： Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed aneco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5 (2023 QGII-D)答案： C. The same nature experience takes different forms. 原文：Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountainon their lunch break.29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4 (2023 甲-C)答案：D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book.原文：Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2 (2023 乙-D)答案：D. His record was one-sided.原文：Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terribleday. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.2.3 行为原因每套题的BCD阅读中，也都会有一个人物行为原因分析的题目。
高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解专题 新题赏析 课后练习
专题阅读理解2014新题赏析课后练习A man and his girlfriend were married. It was a large celebration.All of their friends and family came to see the lovely ceremony and to partake（分享，参与）of the festivities and celebrations. All had a wonderful time.The bride was gorgeous in her white wedding gown and the groom was very dashing in his black tuxedo(礼服). Everyone could tell that the love they had for each other was true.A few months later, the wife came to the husband with a proposal, “I read in a magazine, a while ago, about how we can strengthen our marriage,” she offered. “Each of us will write a list of the things that we find a bit annoying with the other person. Then, we can talk about how we can fix them together and make our lives happier together.”The husband agreed. So each of them went to a separate room in the house and thought of the things that annoyed them about the other. They thought about this question for the rest of the day and wrote down what they came up with. The next morning, at the breakfast table, they decided that they would go over their lists.“I'll start,” offered the wife. She took out her list. It had many items on it, enough to fill three pages. In fact, as she started reading the list of the little annoyances, she noticed that tears were starting to appear in her husband's eyes.“What's wrong?” she asked. “Nothing,” the husband replied, “keep reading your list.”The wife continued to read until she had read all three pages to her husband. She neatly placed her list on the table and folded her hands over the top of it.“Now, you read your list and then we'll talk about the things on both of our lists,” she said happily.Quietly the husband stated, “I don't have anything on my list. I think that you are perfect the way that you are. I don't want you to change anything for me. You are lovely and wonderful and I wouldn't want to try and change anything about you.” The wife, touched by his honesty and the depth of his love for her and his acceptance of her, turned her head and wept.In life, there are enough times when we are disappointed, depressed and annoyed. We don't really have to go looking for them. We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty, light and promise. Why waste time in this world looking for the bad, disappointing or annoying when we can look around us, and see the wondrous（奇妙的）things before us?56. From Paragraphs1-3, the author wants mainly to tell us that_____.A. they were happy and loved each otherB. their friends and family had a good timeC. the wedding ceremony was largeD. the bride was charming in white wedding gown57. Why did the bride ask her husband to write a list of the annoying things?A. She has read a magazine about marriage.B. Her relatives advise her to do so.C. her husband does have some shortcomings.D. She wants to strengthen the marriage.58. Which of the following words can best describe the character of the groom?A. Selfish.B. Good-hearted.C. Unselfish.D. Broken-hearted.59. According to the passage, we know that_____.A. it’s unwise to waste time to seek unpleasant thingsB. the husband did not agree to write down the listC. the bride ignored the feeling of the husband on purposeD. they didn’t love each other as we could seeA university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman is seeking professional h elp after being convicted of （证明有……罪）shoplifting for the second time in six months.Ana Luz, recently studying for her PhD, has been told she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops .Luz ,who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam Road, Cambridge, admitted stealing clothes worth ￡9.95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street, London, on March 9.Phillip Lemoyne, prosecuting（起诉, said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took them to the ladies’ toilet in the store. When she came out again she was wearing one of the skirts she had selected, having taken off the anti-theft security alarms（防盗警报装置）.She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying, Mr. Lemoyne said.He added that she was upset on her arrest and apologized for her actions.Luz, 28, was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October, but Morag Duff, defending, said she had never been in trouble with the police before that.“She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this ,” Miss Duff said . “She didn’t intend to steal when she went into the store. She is at a loss to explain it. She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady. She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she w ants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.”Judge David Azan fined Luz ￡50, and warned : “You’ve got a criminal record. If you carry on like this, you will end up in prison, which will ruin your bright future you may have.”Luz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain, went on to a famous university in Berlin, Germany for her master’s degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambridge Universit y, UK.63. What is Ana Luz’s nationality?A. American.B. British.C. German.D. Spanish.64. What does the underlined sentence “She is at a loss to explain it” mean?A. She doesn’t have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shopsB. In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things .C. She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops.D. Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.65. From the passage we can learn that .A. Ana Luz is ashamed and embarrassed and knows why she often did soB. Ana Luz has already got her PhD at Cambridge University ,UKC. the university graduate will be put in prison if she steals in shops once moreD. Phillip Lemoyne is the “respectable and intelligent” woman’s defense lawyer66. What would be the best title for the passage ?A. Apologizing for the Actions in ShopsB. Shoplifting Shame of a PhD StudentC. Seeking Professional Help from ExpertsD. Controlling the Desire to Steal from ShopsWhat will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not beenpaying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology (生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today’s leading killers, such as heart diseases, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memory.In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells (细胞) are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs (器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on--in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic conditional human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.66. According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by _______.A. accidents and warB. diseases and agingC. accidents and agingD. heart diseases and war67. In the author’s opinion, today’s most important advance in technology lies in _____.A. the internetB. medicineC. brain cellsD. human organs68. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph means that ________.A. nowadays people mainly die of serious diseases.B. people won’t need to remember such serious diseases any more.C. in the future, such serious diseases will be cured.D. Today’s leading killers will still exist in the future.69. Humans may live longer in the future because ______.A. heart disease will be far away from usB. human brains can decide the final deathC. the basic materials of cells will last foreverD. human organs can be repaired by new medicine70. We can learn from the passage that _____.A. human life will not last more than 120 years in the futureB. human have to take medicine to build new skin cells nowC. much needs to be done before humans can have a longer lifeD. we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells.Putting in water fountains (饮水器) at schools, and teaching children about the health benefits of water, could reduce their risk of getting extra pounds, reports a new study that is published in the latest issue of the journal Pediatrics.The findings are based on a survey in 32 elementary schools of two German cities, Dortmund and Essen. The researchers, led by Rebecca Muckelbauer, a nutritionist（营养学家）at the Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, weighed about 3,000 children, and asked them about their beverage consumption（饮料消费量）.At the beginning of the school year, the experts had water fountains added to 17 of the schools. The scientists also worked with teachers to carry out educational programs that promote the benefits of drinking water. In contrast to schools in the United States, there are very few schools in Germany that have water fountains.At the beginning of the study, there were no big differences in the number of overweight children in the different groups. But by the end of the school year, children in the schools with water fountains were 31 per cent less likely to gain extra pounds, compared to kids who went to other schools, where water drinking was not encouraged.Children in the schools with fountains increased their water consumption from about 3 up to 4 glasses a day, while those in the other schools continued to drink an average of 3 glasses. Over the research, the number of overweight kids upped from 384 to 385 out of 1,641 at the schools with water fountains. In comparison, the number of overweight kids at the other schools increased from 339 to 364 out of 1,309, Dr. Muckelbauer said.The experts cannot make any final conclusions and explain why the students who were encouraged to drink water were less likely to gain extra weight. Dr. Muckelbauer noted that according to a few other studies, drinking of water increases the rate at which calories are burned, while some other research suggested that water may temporarily decrease appetite (食欲).60. According to the passage, the journal Pediatrics _____.A. may cover the subject of the health of childrenB. mainly deals with the water drinking problemC. is mainly about the mental health of kidsD. must be a journal entitled by a school61. What do we know about the survey from the passage?A. The teachers were also encouraged to drink water.B. The students surveyed were all overweight.C. It surveyed children in the countryside.D. It lasted for a whole school year.62. What can be learned from the last paragraph?A. Drinking water certainly decreases appetite.B. Further research is needed to support the finding.C. The experts will encourage all the students to drink water.D. Why students drinking more get less pounds will be clear soon.63. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Schools with water fountainsB. Drink more water and become thinnerC. Water fountains at schools help kids stay thinD. Water consumption at some German schools阅读理解2014新题赏析课后练习参考答案56. A 57. D 58. B 59. A解析：56. 根据第三段Everyone could tell that the love they had for each other was true.（每个人都可以看出他们对互相的爱是真实的）可知。
高考英语二轮名校精讲精练讲义 专题 阅读理解(新题)赏析(阅读表达;任务型阅读)
阅读理解2014新题赏析(阅读表达;任务型阅读)命题意图获取信息能力处理信息能力题型设置主旨概括（开放性问题）细节简单叙述（封闭性问题）词义猜测题句子翻译题（语言置换问题）补充句子题（逻辑结构问题）注意事项字数限制概括不可太笼统勿以偏代全回答要有针对性提炼原文,不可主观理清文章脉络,分层阅读表达方式要准确题一：阅读表达山东卷[1] Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one, and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers. The result is overcrowding on the road system, which is one of the problems the local governments are faced with.[2] When people travel to other towns, the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town. Buses could be provided to take them to the centre. These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the UK. At Southerton, for example, a council-funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five mouths.[3] What the council found, though, was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the area outside the centre. Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade. As the number of people driving past dropped, so did their incomes.[4] Making car driving expensive is another way of ________________________. Road taxes tend to mean that people use their cars less. Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to leave their cars behind.[5] However, one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Constant delays, unannounced changes to the timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage peoplefrom using public transport. People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are on time.66. What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1?(no more than12 words)___________________________________________________________________67. What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects?( no more than 14 words)___________________________________________________________________68. Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project? (no more than 10 words)___________________________________________________________________69. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. (no more than 8 words)___________________________________________________________________70. Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5? (no more than 8 words)___________________________________________________________________题二：任务型阅读湖南卷Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.[1] Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.[2] Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but not great. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分).Perhaps you’re planning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness-time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.[3] Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second, don’t spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.阅读理解2014新题赏析(阅读表达;任务型阅读)讲义参考答案题一：66. The reduced/lowered cost of a new car and better road conditions.67. They should park outside the town, and take the bus to the centre.68. Their incomes dropped because fewer people drove past.69. encouraging people to use public transport more/encouraging people to use their cars less/relieving the problem (of overcrowding )70. Because public transport is not reliable/satisfactory.题二：71.Vacations 72. performance 73. quality of sleep 74. attempt75. worry76. good flight deal 77. adding 78. rules 79. choice80. shopping wisely。
高考英语二轮名校专题精讲书面表达新题赏析新题型
书面表达2021新题赏析之新题型题一：第一节：完成句子（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下列各小题，按照汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。
ability. (do)知道你正在干什么，能降低失败的风险，这就像给本身的能力买了份保险。
72. Not ______ my parents, I failed to go to a drama school, where my interest lay. (persuade)由于没有说服我父母，我没能上戏剧学校，而那才是我的兴趣所在。
73. The chief engineer together with his colleagues ______ new scientific methods of farming since five years ago. (look)五年以来，总工程师和他的同事们一起一直在寻找新的科学农耕方式。
74. When I work on the farmland in the daytime, I always ______ to a tree on the riverbank. (keep) 白昼干农活的时候，我总是把羊拴在河边的树上。
75. As time is pressing, I think ______ is the best way to get from here to the conference centre. (take)由于时间紧迫，我认为从这里去会议中心最好的法子是乘出租车。
76. So fast ______ that we can hardly imagine its speed. (travel)光传播的速度快到我们难以想象。
77. Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two ______ me greatly. (influence)上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解考点讲解含解析
阅读理解Ⅰ.阅读理解题策略一、先看题干,带着问题读文章.即先看试题,再读文章.阅读题干,首先要掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题.其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案.二、速读全文,了解大意知主题.近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右.必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质.速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效,能快速抓住主干,确定好答案.三、详读细节,理顺思路与文章脉络.文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌.作者为文,有脉可循.如记叙文多以人物为中心,以时间或空间为线索,按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素,通过解释、举例来阐述观点.四、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题.深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想,加标题等)和推理判断题,是阅读理解中的难点.深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动.它必须忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知推断未知,不能凭空想像,随意揣测；读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全.推理题在提问中常用的词有：conclude,infer,imply,suggest,indicate等.五、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎.猜词是应用英语阅读的重要能力,也是高考中常用的题型.它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇.我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词法,语法,定义,同位语,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义.Ⅱ.阅读理解常见问题及原因分析问题一：已经找对了题干与原文对应处,为何还做错？原因：①精确定位：要看清真正的问题,即用信息词定位之后,要看清句子逻辑关系,弄清意思.②学会看选项的方法：a．找最贴近原文意思的选项；b．去除选项间的相同信息,专门关注区别点；c．分清褒贬；d．分清程度大小,强烈关注选项中表内容的单词；e．看清范围,分清是整体还是局部.高频考点一正确选项特征在阅读理解的备考过程中,明确阅读理解常设选项的特征是快速准确锁定答案的关键.高考英语阅读理解的正确选项一般通过以下途径设置：关键词直接复现：直接复现类可从问题中找到关键词,以此为线索,运用略读及查阅的技巧迅速定位即可.此类题目较为简单,考查频率不高.对原文关键词进行同义转换、正话反说和细节概括：此类题目需对原文信息进行准确理解并简单推理,观察词义、词性及语态的变化.这是命题人常用的设题方式,复习时应掌握英语的多种表达法.一、同义转述从近几年的高考题来看,细节理解题不仅数量有所增加,而且难度也稍有加大,主要表现为题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致.命题人一般会对文章细节加以转述来考查考生准确理解细节的能力.转述的主要方式有以下三种：1．同义词转化：把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,设为正确选项.2．词性或语态等的变化：把原文中的词变换一下词性,或者改变原文句子的语态,用另一种表达转述原文信息.3．语言简化概括：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化或概括成为正确答案.例1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type t he word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plasticlike parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.30．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A．It’ll be environmentfriendly.B．It’ll reach consumers soon.C．It’ll be made of plastics.D．It’ll help speed up typing.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题.根据上段中的最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知,该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场,故选B.二、正话反说正话反说是阅读理解题目中的一个难点,通常有以下几个高频考向：1．It looks/sounds like/as if类：表示看/听起来好像是,实际上并不是.2．虚拟语气句：用虚拟语气来表述与事实相反的情况,让读者推断事实内容.3．让步论述：先假设作者的观点反面成立,从而引出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结果,倒过来证明作者观点的正确性.4．反问句.例2.(2019·北京卷)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.38．How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?A．Panicked. B．Confused.C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题.根据上段中的“By the time these ‘solutions’(解决方案) become widely available, sc ammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知,等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时,不法分子就会转向更聪明的手段；由此可推知作者对自动语音电话问题的解决方案感到很失望,D项意为“失望的”,故选D.3. 理解概括阅读理解除了考查考生对细节信息的准确理解外, 还要求考生通过思维分析将信息进行归纳概括,使之系统化、条理化.例3.(2019·浙江卷)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素)．The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected,from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)．But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)．Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.30．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California【答案】A【解析】标题归纳题.根据全文可知,文章主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象,并分析了其原因.因此A项能很好地概括全文.故选A.高频考点二干扰项特征高考英语阅读理解的错误选项就是命题人用以干扰考生思维的陷阱.高考英语中,由于词汇量的限制,挑选的文章不能过难.命题人就在问题和干扰项上做文章,使考生即使能基本读懂文章,也不能轻松做对题目.现在的干扰项不仅语言复杂,而且欺骗性强,两个语言水平相当、对文章理解程度相差不大的考生会因为对干扰项的辨别能力不同,而影响答题的准确率.为了提高辨别错误和干扰信息的能力,有必要分析干扰项的种种特征,使考生在命题人设置的种种陷阱前,做到胸有成竹.一、偷梁换柱干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词,却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词,造成句意的改变.例1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·D片段)During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.32．What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A．Unkind. B．Lonely.C．Generous. D．Cool.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题.根据上段的第一句“During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social s tatus.”可知,作者在小学时乐于分享.unkind“不友好的”,lonely“孤独的”,generous“慷慨的,大方的”,cool“酷的”,故选C.二、张冠李戴干扰项表述的内容在原文里可以找到信息依据, 但与题干所问的动作发出者不一致.不注意动作主语的差异, 张冠李戴, 极易造成误选.例2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld, 236 W．45th St.2122396200.)2．Who is the director of The Audience?A．Helen Mirren. B．Peter Morgan.C．Dylan Baker. D．Stephen Daldry.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题.题干问的是“谁执导了The Audience？”.根据该部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs.”可知答案.三、绝对化表达干扰项中出现如all, none, everyone, each, everything, impossible 等绝对化的表达, 一般不符合客观事实和原文信息.例3.(2019·江苏卷)Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative longterm costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.62．The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________．A．take people’s essential needs into accountB．make their programmes attractive to peopleC．ensure that each child gets financial supportD．provide more affordable internet facilities【答案】A【解析】推理判断题.根据上段中的“The question,however,is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and...in rural villages.”可知,作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本需求,而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品,受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃.故选A.四、颠倒逻辑干扰项中出现语义逻辑的混乱, 即原文中出现的是A引起B, 而选项中是B引起A,考生可能看到了文中出现过的词语, 没有细研究其逻辑意义, 从而造成误选.例4.(2019·江苏卷)It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’sopinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.61．Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________．A．a lack of confidence in technologyB．a slow progress in technologyC．a conflict or public opinionsD．a waste of limited resources【答案】D【解析】细节理解题.根据上段中的“However,they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.”可知,对新技术影响的误判导致了对稀缺资源的误用,故选D.【高考题型解读】题型一、主旨大意题1．主旨大意题常分为两类：(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意.2．主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力,它要求在阅读短文时,能够提炼文章的中心思想,体会作者的写作意图,充分运用逻辑概括能力,透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向.研读近几年高考阅读理解,可以发现对主旨大意类的考查占有相当重要的地位.【方法技巧】主旨大意题的三种思路：①寻找主题句,确定文章大意.在许多情况下,尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时,根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(或在开头结尾同时出现首尾呼应的主题句),因此,仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键.做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法,即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句,重点搜索主题信息.②抓住段落大意,概括中心思想.寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心句的基础上.各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想.在这个过程中,不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落,而应该观察全文的结构安排,理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”,考虑文章的材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么,分析故事情节围绕什么发展,最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来.③抓住文章主线和关键词语,归纳文章中心.不是所有的段落都有主题句,有时主题句隐含在段落中.阅读这样的文章,就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析,继而概括出段落的主题,推导出文章的主旨.分析的方法是,先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容,这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系,然后加以归纳形成主题.例1、(2019·江苏卷·D)The 65yearold Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔兹海默症). He was losing his memory.A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.“Why do this？” Steve wondered.“Because she cares,” Melissa said.Steve nodded, tears in eye.Naomi dr ove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.“It was beautiful,” Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Goodwin. It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head.He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. S teve called it “Melancholy Flower.”Naomi heard multiple stops and starts. Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal, songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thoughtthat would be the end. But it wasn’t.In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower.”She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文,叙述了Steve在家人、朋友的帮助下与病魔赛跑及众人努力拯救可能失传的“独家音乐”的感人故事.65．Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?A．His music could stop his disease from worsening.B．She wanted to please her dying old father.C．His music deserved to be preserved in the family.D．She wanted to make her father a professional.【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题.根据文章第二段可知,父亲Steve是一位钢琴爱好者,是家里唯一一位音乐家,再根据第三段中的“felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young”可知,父亲Steve的音乐陪伴了Melissa的成长,因此Melissa觉得它对于这个家庭来说有着特别的意义,值得被保存,故本题答案为C.66．After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________．A．refused to make a comment on itB．was deeply impressed by his musicC．decided to free Steve from sufferingD．regretted offering help to her friend【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题.根据第十段“‘It was beautiful,’Naomi said after listeningto the recording.‘The music was worth saving.’”可知,听完他的演奏之后,Naomi对他的音乐很是赞赏,故本题答案为B.67．How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?A．It was slow but productive.B．It was beneficial to his health.C．It was tiresome for Naomi.D．It was vital for Naomi’s career.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题.根据第十二段中的“Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place.”及第十四段中的“Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last so ng.”可知,音乐的录制过程缓慢,但是有成效,故本题答案为A.68．Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower,” his wife Joni ________．A．thought the music talent of Steve was exhaustedB．didn’t expect the damage the disease brought aboutC．didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s musicD．brought her husband’s music career to perfection【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题.根据第十五段中的“Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him‘honey’ and encouraged him.The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised h im, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.”可知,在Steve进行音乐创作时,他泄气过,甚至说过要放弃,而他的妻子Joni仍然鼓励他和表扬他,并称这会是他的“签名之作”.由signature一般表示“(文件结尾的)签名”可推知,Joni认为这会是她丈夫最后的创作,她之前并没有想到丈夫的音乐会有被公开演奏的一天.再结合下文中Steve的音乐在音乐会上被演奏并得到认可及其对Steve的影响的内容可知,Joni之前并没有完全认识到Steve的音乐的价值或其积极作用.故本题答案为C.69．How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland?A．He felt concerned about his illness.B．He sensed a responsibility for music.C．He regained his faith in music.D．He got into a state of quiet.【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题.根据文章最后两段的内容尤其是倒数第二段中的“He told his familyhe was at peace.”可知,在音乐会上,他心情很平静.故本题答案为D.70．What can be a suitable title for the passage?A．The Kindness of FriendsB．The Power of MusicC．The Making of a MusicianD．The Value of Determination【答案】B 【解析】标题归纳题.音乐让Steve在家人、朋友的帮助下展开了一场与病魔赛跑的接力赛,因此The Power of Music适合作文章的标题.题型二、细节理解题1．此类题型一般分两种情况；直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换).2．细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解.有些问题,考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案,但有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理,如计算、排序、判断、比较等.【技巧归纳】做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法.一般在原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定答案.此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问,或是判断正误.【特别提醒】细节理解题的三个步骤：①浏览全文,了解信息.快速通读全文,大致了解不同信息间的差异,为解决问题做好信息储备.②抓关键词,快速寻读.根据题目要求,从题干中抓住关键性词语,以此为线索,通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息,找到后仔细阅读,反复品味,认真比较选项和文中细节,在准确理解该细节的前提下,排除干扰项,从而确定答案.③回读信息,验证答案.确定答案后,必须回读原文,再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证.总之,对于细节理解题,我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧,在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句,仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案.例2.(2019·江苏卷·A)Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.High_energyIf you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Poole’s Cavern. And don’t forget: we are surrounded by a natura l playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.High_mindedBuxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you’ll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops and events.Keeping_the_kids_happyChildren love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and there’s plenty more to explore at the Buxton Museum. There’s a new indoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops, and others during school holiday periods.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文.文章介绍了巴克斯顿(Buxton)令人难忘的景点及活动.56．If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?A．Poole’s Cavern.B．Pavilion Gardens.C．Buxton Museum.D．Green Man Gallery.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题.根据High_energy部分中的“Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Poole’s Cavern.”可知,如果你想进行地下之旅,可选择Poole’s Cavern.57．Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________.A．rides in small trainsB．courses in modern artsC．artistic and cultural activitiesD．basic courses in horse riding【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题.根据High_minded部分中的“Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you’ll find much to suit all tastes...There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved”可知,Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre很特别的原因是它提供多种文化艺术活动.题型三、词义猜测题1．词义猜测题的常见形式：(1)直接对某个陌生的词汇进行理解；(2)对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象；(3)对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；(4)对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接的或解释性的描述.2．词义猜测题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的能力,它包括对词、词组和句意的理解.词义猜测不仅是一项阅读技巧,也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面.【方法技巧】词义猜测题的三大突破1．根据定义猜测词义.如果生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有or,similarly,that is to say,in rather words,namely,or rather,say等)或同位语从句来定义,或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释,理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义.2．根据对比、比较关系猜测词义.在一个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或两种现象的对比性描述,我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义.表示对比关系的词语主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,in spite of,in contrast等.表示对比关系的句子结构有：while引导的并列句.表示比较关系的词语主要有：similarly,like,just as,also,as well as等.3．通过构词法猜测词义.生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分,词性的变化都可以暗示出词义.注意①不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思；②不管这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思.例3. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should...should...” Chris trips on the “ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “...Vote for...me...” Except for some stumbles,_Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25．What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A．Improper pauses. B．Bad manners.C．Spelling mistakes. D．Silly jokes.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题.根据文章内容可知,老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己.文中Chris Palaez的母语不是英语,他学英语才三年多,说话不流利,而且他在演讲时非常紧张,所以说话磕磕绊绊,故选A.【举一反三】(2018·北京卷)A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrolpowered private cars worldwide with electric, selfdriving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel soundpretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ridehailing services, considering the cost of selfdriving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.49．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A．Employed. B．Replaced.C．Shared. D．Reduced.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题.利用构词法解题.field常用作名词, 表示“场地,领域”,此处用作动词,引申为“使用,应用”.根据上段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容“The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly”并结合下句中的“as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology”可知,随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如,第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会“被应用”到“叫车服务”中.故选A.【变式探究】(2019·北京卷)Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteri stics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.43．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题.根据上段尾句“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth...but also nutrients.”可知,温度变化对phytoplankton有很大的影响；由此可推知phytoplankton对海洋的温度很敏感.故选A.【举一反三】(2019·江苏卷·B)In the 1960s,while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park,Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that,oddly,had not troubled anyone before：he couldn’t find the park’s volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.。
高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考通用)：专题16 阅读表达(解析版)
2发错专题16 阅读表达（北京、天津专用）2019-2023年高考英语阅读表达考情分析认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
阅读表达属于主观题，是一种综合性的题型。
它的作用是综合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、语言概括能力、推理判断能力以及自主创新能力。
它既考查考生对语篇的理解能力，又考查考生的英语书面表达能力，考查的主要目的是理解、归纳、该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。
不但选材新颖、时代性强，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，其开放性试题的设置也给予考生一个充分的发散思维的空间和表达空间。
要求学生阅读一篇300词左右的短文，并按照题目要求用英语组织语言回答问题要求考生能够捕捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。
试题以记叙文或者夹叙夹议为主，难度系数较低，适中。
此题型与阅读理解既有相同点也存在着区别。
其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。
区别主要表现在以下三个方面：1. 阅读表达题则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。
这就是说阅读理解只是不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。
2. 阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。
3. 在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题(个人观点描述)、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。
命题规律：3:1:1（3道找出处，1道猜词义，1道开放性）题型归纳题型01 细节表达题【题型诠释】题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。
高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考通用)：专题15 阅读六选四(解析版)
专题15 阅读理解之六选四养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
上海高考六选四是高考新题型，由原来的任务型阅读改革而来，分值8分，语法难度较任务型阅读有所降低，要求根据短文内容，从所给六个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
但理解难度提高。
一般来说，给出一篇缺少四个句子的短文和六个选项，进行六选四。
每句出版篇章的某一段落，要求学生找出与每句相匹配的段落。
这一种阅读新题型固然有着不同于传统阅读解题方法的种种方面，但同时也具备一些可以为学生所利用的新特点。
考生需要从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。
此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉，是解答这一题型的关键。
短文长度一般为300词左右，题材为记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。
设空类型：1.主旨句：标题类、主题句类；2.过渡性句子:文章结构；3.细节注释性句子：上下文逻辑意义。
值得注意的是文中不同的地方挖空，考査的能力要求也会有所不同。
题型归纳题型01 主旨句题【题型诠释】在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句，学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句的方法，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。
学生做这类题时，注意一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。
高考英语二轮名校专题精讲 阅读理解经典精讲(下)
阅读理解经典精讲（下）开篇语试题简介（1）一般考五篇文章，包括故事，新闻，科普知识，问题议论及应用文。
有的地区最后一篇采取七选五的方式考核。
（2）文章本身和所附问题共约2000-2200词。
（3）要求在40分钟左右完成。
（4）会有少量生词出现，有的注了中文，有的则需猜测。
（5）有的旧词是以新的意义出现的。
（6）不但考查语言而且考查对英美文化的了解。
（7）阅读时会碰到的十大语言难点（长句的结构、词义的辨别、连词、替代、后置定语、非谓语动词短语、省略、跳跃、各种否定和虚拟语气。
）（8）所附问题可分四类（概括中心、推理判断、词义辨别、细节的理解）。
（9）主观题量逐年增加。
应试要点（1）先将文章大概扫读一遍，再行阅读（2）如有标题，应仔细看，它与全文中心有关（3）遇有生词又猜不出意思，跳过去继续看（4）每段的首句尾句常与本段中心有关（5）概括全文中心意思要包括各段内容（6）猜词要依据原文上下文来确定（7）infer是指原文没有明说但可猜出之意（8）推理判断要以作者态度为准（9）有的题可根据常识理解（10）找具体信息时用跳读的技术（11）概括中心时用略读的技术（12）答题时要看清题目要求，四个选项都要看（13）各类文章有不同特点，议论文要注意论点论据，记叙文要注意七个w（14）不改变以往做题习惯,先看题还是先看文章各有利弊备考措施（1）每日坚持读2-4篇文章，日日不断（2）高三一年应读够1000篇左右（3）半数文章要精读，即句句细看（4）半数文章可泛读，即只读懂意思，不查单词，不做题（5）适当练习长句分析，分清主谓宾定状（6）练习限时阅读，提高阅读速度（7）掌握构词法知识（8）养成好习惯，扩大眼幅，减少回读，默读不出声音名师寄语阅读理解经典精讲（下）本讲无答案- 1 -。
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阅读理解2013新题赏析之新题型
阅读表达
阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答（请注意问题后词数要求）。
A nurse of 78 this weekend celebrates 60 years of walking the wards-and she has no plans to retire. Jackie Reid was 18 when she started work in 1953- when the National Health Service
(NHS) was just five years old - and is believed to be the oldest nurse in Britain.
The diabetes(糖尿病) specialist had to retire at 65 but returned as a nurse within two weeks and still does up to four seven-and-a-half hour shifts(轮班）each week.
Mrs. Reid said: “Nursing is hard if you do it correctly but I love my job.” Working for the NHS has been my life. I have no other hobbies because I have worked all my life.
Jackie has worked at a number of different hospitals--including one in Scotland.
Her specialist field has been diabetes for the past 40 years. She retrained after her 12-year-old daughter Michelle developed the disease. She currently works at Southend
Over the last 60 years she has treated tens of thousands of patients.
Jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts. She said: “There’re lots of things I would say to the government. If you are going to get good care you have to have the resources(资源), you can’t do it without enough money. They shouldn’t need the cuts that there are in the NHS. It’s hard now because there’s a shortage of staff.”
Jackie has lived alone in Grays, Essex, since her husband died three years ago. The couple have two daughters Michelle, 50, and Karen, 54.
Jackie added: “My youngest daughter worried about me-she doesn’t think I should work as much as I do. I constantly say ‘don’t worry about me, I’m fine’, but she never believes me. I don’t like the thought of giving it up and will try to keep going forever.”
56. In which year was the NHS set up? (within 2 words)
____________________________________
57. What does Jackie think of nursing? (within 6 words)
____________________________________
58. When did Jackie retrain in the field of diabetes? (within 6 words)
____________________________________
59. What does Jackie wish the government to do? (within 7 words)
____________________________________
60. Why does Jackie’s daughter worry about her? (within 8 words)
____________________________________
七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Public Speaking Training
Get a coach
51 , so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you.
Focus on positives
Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren’t doing well. 52 ,so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn’t do.
53
If you find a public speaking course that looks a s though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about. 54 . As far as we’re concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.
You are a special person not a clone
Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 55 .Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you’re not.
A. You aren’t like anybody else
B. You already do lots of things well
C. Turn your back on too many rules
D. Check the rules about dos and don’ts
E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough
F .The one thing you don’t want is for them to fall asleep
G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse
阅读理解2013新题赏析之新题型
讲义参考答案
阅读表达
56. In 1948.
57. It’s hard but she loves it.
58. After her daughter developed diabetes.
59. Not to make cuts in nursing.
60. Because she thinks her mother works too hard.
七选五
51.E 52. B 53. C 54. G 55. A。