高中英语Unit9 Health care文章 SARS人教版第三册
高中英语 基础巩固(Unit 9 Health care)大纲人教版第三册
高中英语人教大纲版第3册根底巩固〔Unit 9 Health care〕根底巩固§3.1 汉英翻译1一位下岗工人答案a laid-off worker2使情况更加困难或更危险答案make matters worse3依靠，依赖答案depend on4承受治疗答案receive treatment5预防、阻止某事的发生答案prevent...from doing sth.6摆脱贫困答案get rid of poverty7谋生答案make a living8使收支相抵，量入为出答案 make ends meet9保持一种健康的饮食答案keep a healthy diet10导致答案lead to11查出，查明真相答案find out12在……有效果答案be effective in§3.2单项填空1Thea teacher has on children is usually greater than that of their parents. eB.effortC.effectD.energy解析由固定词组 have a great effect on可知答案。
答案C2—Doctor,have I got a bad cold?—Oh,there’s notwith you.A.anything wrong muchB.anything much wrongC.much wrong anythingD.wrong much anything解析修饰不定代词anything的形容词wrong应该放在anything之后；much是副词,修饰wrong，应该放在wrong之前。
本句意思是“你没有什么太严重的〞。
答案B3New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before.A.being fully acceptingB.fully acceptingC.having fully acceptedD.fully accepted解析before fully accepted相当于 before they are fully accepted。
高中英语Unit9 Health care文章 抗菌素人教版第三册
抗菌素荷兰人列文虎克自磨镜片，自制镜架装起了一架可放大２００～３００倍的低倍显微镜。
当他好奇地把镜头对准了污水、牙垢时，他发现了新的生物王国。
从那以后，人类知道了地球上还有一大类个体微小、结构简单的生物。
它们有着极强的生命力，有吃有喝固然能令它们飞快地繁殖，没吃没喝也不阻止它们世代相传。
它们会把自己紧缩成孢子以度地困难，随时窥视时机，以便东山再起。
它们和我们共存一个空间，它们就在我们周围。
它们甚至到了我们的皮肤表面，住进了我们的口腔、鼻腔、消化道和呼吸道。
如果你想验证一下，不妨做个简单试验，只需要将你的手指头轻轻地一个灭过菌的半固体培养基上按一下，把培养基放在一个温暖的环境里过夜，第二天你就可以看到黄色的、白色的菌落星星点点出现在培养基上。
这就是它们的群体，每一个小小的菌落都有亿万个细菌个体。
我们的体表每平方厘米都住着成千上万个这样的居民。
一般来说它们并不侵扰我们，它们以我们的皮屑废物为食。
没有这些义务清扫工，也许我们还会害病。
亿万这样的微小居民构成了我们身体表面的一个独立的生态系统，它们和我们的关系正使许多微生物学家为之着迷。
但是也有一大类成员并不那么安分守已，它们最喜欢人类和动植物的鲜活机体，当你的抵抗能力下降，它们就会钻进你的身体，贪婪地攫取养分，在你的器官和组织中大量地繁殖，让你生病。
有的甚至分泌毒素，让宿主中毒死亡。
自从戴韦〔１８５０年〕和科赫用实验证实有病原菌后，人类就踏上了征服病原菌的漫长旅程。
第一步是寻查这些看不见的敌人。
如何让敌人暴露在我们的视线之下？除了显微镜以外，还要借助其它物理的、化学的和生物的技术。
其中两个经典的细菌学方法具有特别重要的意义。
一个是细菌培养技术，一个是细菌染色技术。
由科赫开创的细菌培养技术关键是发明了能够分离和培养细菌的固体培养基，它以琼脂〔从一种海藻——石花菜中提取的多糖〕为支持介质。
有了固体或半固体培养基，分离细菌的操作就变的很容易了，只要沾一点样品，在培养基上划线或涂布就能将细菌分开，并挑取单菌落进一步培养。
高中英语Unit9 Health care文章 About WHO人教版第三册
About WHOThe World Health Organization is the United Nations specialized agency for health. It was established on 7 April 1948. WHO's objective, as set out in its Constitution, is the attainmentby all peoples of the highest possible level of health. Health is defined in WHO's Constitution as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. WHO is governed by 192 Member States through the World Health Assembly. The Health Assembly is composed of representatives from WHO's Member States. The main tasks of the World Health Assembly are to approve the WHO programme and the budget for the following biennium and to decide major policy questions. Countries All countries which are Members of the United Nations may become members of WHO by accepting its Constitution. Other countries may be admitted as members when their application has been approved by a simple majority vote of the World Health Assembly. Territories which are not responsible for the conduct of their international relations may be admitted as Associate Members upon application made on their behalf by the Member or other authority responsible forWHO's goal is the attainment by allpeoples of the highestpossible level of healththeir international relations. Members of WHO are grouped according to regional distribution (192 Member States).。
高中英语第三册(全一册)Unit 9 Health care 重难点讲练(水平测试)
高中英语第三册(全一册)Unit 9 Health care 重难点讲练(水平测试)重难点讲练Part 3 Language study and practice（四）水平测试1.It ______ unusual courage and determination for him to break away from his family.A. spentB. paidC. costD. took2. I’m sure the revolution I’m devoted _______.A. to succeedB. to will succeedC. to succeedingD. to succeed3 It has been discovered that some government leaders _______ their authority and power to get illegal profits for themselves.A. employB. adoptC. abuseD. instruct4 The discovery of the new drug is _______ to people suffering from heart problems.A. of very significanceB. great significantC. of great significanceD. great significance5. It was ________ nearly a month later ______ I received the manager’s reply.A. not until; thatB. not until; whenC. until; thatD. until; when6. _______ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.A. Should I knowB. If I knewC. Had I knownD. If had I known7. It is unlikely that the disease will be ________ from animals to humans.A. deliveredB. transportedC. transplantedD. transferred8. （2003上海卷）Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice.A. followedB. would followC. had followedD. should follow9. _ Next time you are in New York, come and visit us, will you?_ I’d like to see you _______ convenientA. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however10 Mr. White at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. （04全国卷）A. should have arrivedB. should arriveC. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving11 .There must be _______ with the machine.A. something wrong seriousB. something serious wrongC. something seriously wrongD. something wrong seriously12. Mr. White at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. （04全国卷）A. should have arrivedB. should arriveC. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving13. The young nurse was very nervous when she______ in the first operation.A. resistedB. insistedC. persistedD. assisted14. _____ be sent to work there? (02 上海)A. What do you suggest用心爱心专心115号编辑B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom should15. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海春季)A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had hadKey: 1-5 DBCCA 6-10 CDCCA 11-15 CADCB（五）翻译练习1.我们应该养成饭前洗手的习惯。
高中英语Unit9 Health care文章 Basic Facts About HIV 1人教版第三册
Basic Facts About HIV/AIDSWhat is HIV?HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. A member of a group of viruses called retroviruses, HIV infects human cells and uses the energy and nutrients provided by those cells to grow and reproduce.What is AIDS?AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disease in which the body's immune system breaks down and is unable to fight off certain infections, known as "opportunistic infections," and other illnesses that take advantage of a weakened immune system.When a person is infected with HIV, the virus enters the body and lives and multiplies primarily in the white blood cells. These are the immune cells that normally protect us from disease. The hallmark of HIV infection is the progressive loss of a specific type of immune cell called T-helper or CD4 cells.As the virus grows, it damages or kills these and other cells, weakening the immune system and leaving the individual vulnerable to various opportunistic infections and other illnesses, ranging from pneumonia to cancer. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines someone as having a clinical diagnosis of AIDS if they have tested positive for HIV and meet one or both of these conditions:•They have experienced one or more AIDS-related infections or illnesses;•The number of CD4 cells has reached or fallen below 200 per cubic millimeter of blood (a measurement known as T-cell count).In healthy individuals, the CD4 count normally ranges from 450 to 1200.How quickly do people infected with HIV develop AIDS?In some people, the T-cell decline and opportunistic infections that signal AIDS develop soon afterinfection with HIV. Most people remain asymptomatic for 10 to 12 years, and a few for much longer. As with most diseases, early medical care can help prolong a person's life.How many people are affected by HIV/AIDS?The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that there are now over 40 million people living with HIV or AIDS worldwide. Most of them do not know they carry HIV and may be spreading the virus to others. Here in the U.S., nearly one million people have HIV infection or AIDS, or roughly one out of every 250 people. At least 40,000 Americans become newly infected with HIV each year, and it is estimated that half of all people with HIV in the U.S. have not been tested and do not know they are carrying the virus.Since the beginning of the epidemic, AIDS has killed more than 30 million people worldwide, including more than 500,000 Americans. AIDS has replaced malaria and tuberculosis as the world's deadliest infectious disease among adults and is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Over 13 million children have been orphaned by the epidemic.How is HIV transmitted?A person who is HIV-infected carries the virus in certain body fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. The virus can be transmitted only if such HIV-infected fluids enter the bloodstream of another person. This kind of direct entry can occur (1) through the linings of the vagina, rectum, mouth, and the opening at the tip of the penis; (2) through intravenous injection with a syringe; or (3) through a break in the skin, such as a cut or sore. Usually, HIV is transmitted through:•Unprotected sexual intercourse (either vaginal or anal) with someone who is HIV infected. Women are at greater risk of HIV infection through vaginal sex than men, although the virus can also be transmitted from women to men. Anal sex (whether male-male or male-female) poses a high risk mainly to the receptive partner, because the lining of the anus and rectum are extremely thin and filled with small blood vessels that can be easily injured during intercourse.•Unprotected oral sex with someone who is HIV infected.There are far fewer cases of HIV transmission attributed to oral sex than to either vaginal or anal intercourse, but oral-genital contact poses a clear risk of HIV-infection, particularly when ejaculation occurs in the mouth. This risk is increased when either partner has cuts or sores, such as those caused by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), recent tooth-brushing, or canker sores, which can allow the virus to enter the bloodstream.•Sharing needles or syringes with someone who is HIV infected.Laboratory studies show that infectious HIV can survive in used needles for a month or more. That is why people who inject drugs should never reuse or share syringes, water, or drug preparation equipment. This includes needles or syringes used to inject illegal drugs such as heroin, as well as steroids. Other types of needles, such as those used for body piercing and tattoos, can also carry HIV. •Infection during pregnancy, childbirth, or breast-feeding (mother-to-infant transmission).Any woman who is pregnant or considering becoming pregnant and thinks she may have been exposed to HIV even if the exposure occurred years ago should seek testing and counseling. Mother-to-infant transmission has been reduced to just a few cases each year in the U.S., where pregnant women are tested for HIV, and those who test positive are provided with drugs to prevent transmission and counseled not to breast-feed.How is HIV not transmitted?HIV is not an easy virus to pass from one person to another. It is not transmitted through food or air (for instance, by coughing or sneezing). There has never been a case where a person was infected by a household member, relative, co-worker, or friend through casual or everyday contact such as sharing eating utensils and bathroom facilities, or hugging and kissing. (Most scientists agree that while HIV transmission through deep or prolonged "French" kissing may be possible, it would be extremely unlikely).Here in the U.S., screening the blood supply for HIV has virtually eliminated the risk of infectionthrough blood transfusions. (And you cannot get HIV from giving blood at a blood bank or other established blood collection center.) Sweat, tears, vomit, feces, and urine do contain HIV, but have not been reported to transmit the disease (apart from two cases involving transmission from feces via cut skin). Mosquitos, fleas, and other insects do not transmit HIV.How can I reduce my risk of becoming infected with HIV through sexual contact?If you are sexually active, protect yourself from HIV infection by practicing safer sex. Whenever you have sex, use a condom or "dental dam" (a square of latex recommended for use during oral-genital and oral-anal sex). When used properly and consistently, condoms are extremely effective. But remember:•Use only latex condoms (or dental dams). Lambskin products provide little protection against HIV.•Use only water-based lubricants. Latex condoms are virtually useless when combined with oil- or petroleum-based lubricants such as Vaseline or hand lotion. (People with latex allergies can use polyethylene condoms with oil-based lubricants.)•Use protection each and every time you have sex.•If needed, consult a nurse, doctor, or health educator for guidance on the proper use of latex barriers.How can I avoid acquiring HIV from a contaminated needle?If you are injecting drugs of any type, including steroids, do not share syringes or other injection equipment with anyone else. (Disinfecting previously used needles and syringes with bleach can reduce the risk of HIV transmission). If you are planning to have any part of your body pierced or to get a tattoo, be sure to see a qualified professional who uses sterile equipment. Detailed HIV prevention information for drug users who continue to inject is available from the CDC's National Prevention Information Network at 1-800-458-5231 or online.Is there a link between HIV and other STIs?Having a sexually transmitted infection can increase your risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. This is true whether you have open sores or breaks in the skin (as with syphilis, herpes, chancroid) or not (as with chlamydia and gonorrhea). Where there are breaks in the skin, HIV can enter and exit the body more easily. Even when there are no breaks in the skin, STIs can cause biological changes that may make HIV transmission more likely. Studies show that HIV-infected individuals who are infected with another STI are three to five times more likely to contract or transmit the virus through sexual contact.Are there other ways to avoid getting HIV through sex?The male condom is the only widely available barrier against sexual transmission of HIV. Female condoms are fairly unpopular in the U.S. and still relatively expensive, but they are gaining acceptance in some developing countries. Efforts are also underway to develop topical creams or gels called "microbicides," which can be applied prior to sexual intercourse to kill HIV and block other STIs that facilitate HIV infection.Are some people at greater risk of HIV infection than others?HIV does not discriminate. It is not who you are, but what you do that determines whether you can become infected with HIV. Worldwide, sexual intercourse is by far the most common mode of HIV transmission, but in the U.S., as many as half of all new HIV infections are now associated either directly or indirectly with injection drug use, i.e., using HIV-contaminated needles to inject drugs or having sexual contact with an HIV-infected drug user. Overall, HIV infection is spreading fastest in this country among young people, women, African Americans, and Hispanics.Are women especially vulnerable to HIV?。
高中英语Unit9 Health care文章 Basic Facts About HIV 2人教版第三册
Basic Facts About HIV/AIDSIn western countries, women are four times more likely to contract HIV through vaginal sex with infected males than vice versa. This biological vulnerability is worsened by social and cultural factors that often undermine women's ability to avoid sex with partners who are HIV infected or to insist on condom use. In the U.S., the proportion of AIDS cases among women more than tripled from 7% in 1985 to 25% in 1999. African American and Hispanic women, who represent less than one-quarter of U.S. women, represent nearly 80% of AIDS cases reported among American women to date.Are young people at significant risk of HIV infection?Nearly half of the roughly 40,000 Americans newly infected with HIV each year are under the age of 25. Approximately two young Americans become infected with HIV every hour of every day, and about 25% of the people now living with HIV in this country became infected when they were teenagers. Statistics show that by the age of 19, at least half of females and 60% of males in this country have engaged in sexual intercourse, and two-thirds of STIS affect people under age 25. Many young people also use drugs and alcohol, which can increase the likelihood that they will engage in high-risk sexual behavior.Are there treatments for HIV/AIDS?For many years, there were no effective treatments for AIDS. Today, people in the United States and other developed countries can use a number of drugs to treat HIV infection and AIDS. Some of these are designed to treat the opportunistic infections and illnesses that affect people with HIV/AIDS. In addition, several types of drugs seek to prevent HIV from reproducing and destroying the body's immune system:• Reverse transcriptase inhibitors attack an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. They include abacavir, delavirdine, didanosine (ddI), efavirenz, emtricitabine( FTC), lamivudine (3TC), nevirapine, stavudine (d4T), tenofovir, zalcitabine (ddC), and zidovudine (AZT);• Protease inhibitors attack the HIV enzyme protease and include amprenavir, atazanavir, fosamprevavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir.• Fusion inhibitors stop virus from entering cells. To date, there is only one fusion inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration, enfuvirtide.Many HIV patients take these drugs in combination in a regimen known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). When taken as directed, these drugs can reduce the level of HIV in the bloodstream to very low levels and enable the body's CD4 immune cells to rebound to normal levels.Researchers are continuing to develop new drugs that act at critical steps in the life cycle of the virus. Efforts are also underway to identify new targets for anti-HIV medications and to discover ways of restoring the ability of damaged immune systems to defend against HIV and the many illnesses that affect people with HIV. Ultimately, advances in rebuilding the immune system in HIV patients will benefit people with a number of serious illnesses, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and immune deficiencies associated with aging and premature birth.Is there a cure for AIDS?There is still no cure for AIDS. And while new drugs are helping many people with HIV/AIDS live longer, healthier lives, there are many problems associated with them:• Anti-HIV drugs are highly toxic and can cause serious side effects, including heart damage, kidney failure, and osteoporosis. Many (perhaps even most) patients cannot tolerate long-term treatment with HAART.• HIV mutates quickly. In as many as 50% of people on HAART, HIV mutates into new viral strains that have become highly resistant to current drugs, and as many as 10% of newly infected Americans are acquiring drug-resistant strains of the virus.• Because treatment regimens are unpleasant and complex, many patients miss doses of their medication. Failure to take anti-HIV drugs on schedule and in the prescribed dosage encourages the development of new viral strains that are resistant to current HIV drugs.• Even among those who do respond well to treatment, HAART does not eradicate HIV. The virus continues to replicate at low levels and often remains hidden in "reservoirs" in the body, such as the lymph nodes and brain.In the U.S., the number of AIDS-related deaths has decreased dramatically because of widely available potent treatment. But more than 95% of all people with HIV/AIDS live in the developing world, where access to treatment may be limited at best.Is there a vaccine to prevent HIV infection?Despite continued intensive research, experts believe it will be at least a decade before we have a safe, effective, and affordable AIDS vaccine. And even after a vaccine is developed, it will take many years before the millions of people at risk of HIV infection worldwide can be immunized. Until then, other HIV prevention methods, such as using condoms and avoiding needle-sharing, will remain essential.Can you tell whether someone else has HIV or AIDS?You cannot tell by looking at someone whether he or she is infected with HIV or has AIDS. An infected person can appear completely healthy. But anyone infected with HIV can infect other people, even if no symptoms are present. How do I know if I'm infected?Immediately after infection, some people may develop mild, temporary flu-like symptoms or persistently swollen glands. Even if you look and feel healthy, you may be infected. The only way to know your HIV status for sure is to be tested for HIV antibodies, that is, proteins the body produces in an effort to fight off infection. This usually requires a blood sample. If your blood has HIV antibodies, that means you are infected.Should I get tested?If you think you might have been exposed to HIV, you should get tested as soon as possible. Here's why:• Even in the early stages of infection, you can take concrete steps to protect your long-term health. Many physicians still recommend a "hit early and hit hard" approach to anti-HIV therapy.• But even if you don't begin taking medications right away, regular check-ups with a doctor who has experience with HIV/AIDS will enable you (and your family members or loved ones) to make the best decisions about how and when to begin treatment, without waiting until you get sick.• Taking an active approach to managing HIV may give you many more years of healthy life than you would otherwise have.• If you are HIV positive, you will be able to take the precautions necessary to protect others from becoming infected.• If you are HIV positive and pregnant, you can take medications and other precautions to significantly reduce the risk of infecting your infant,including refraining from breast-feeding.How can I get tested?Most people are tested by private physicians, at local health department facilities, or in hospitals. In addition, many states offer anonymous HIV testing. It is important to seek testing at a place that also provides counseling about HIV and AIDS. Counselors can answer questions about high-risk behavior and suggest ways you can protect yourself and others in the future. They can also help you understand the meaning of the test results and refer you to local AIDS-related resources.Though less readily available, there is also a viral load test that can reveal the presence of HIV in the blood within three to five days of initial exposure, as well as highly accurate saliva tests that are nearly equivalent to blood tests in determining HIV antibody status. You can also purchase a kit that allows you to collect your own blood sample, send it to a lab for testing, and receive the results anonymously. Only the "Home Access" brand kit is approved by the Food and Drug Administration. It can be found at most drug stores.Keep in mind that while most blood tests are able to detect HIV infection within four weeks of initial exposure, it can sometimes take as long as three to six months for antibodies to reach detectable levels. The CDC currently recommend testing six months after the last possible exposure to HIV. The CDC's National AIDS Hotline can answer questions about HIV testing and refer you to testing sites in your area. Operators are available toll-free, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, at:1-800-342-2437 (English)1-800-344-7432 (Spanish)1-800-243-7889 (TTY/deaf access)Where can I get more information about HIV and AIDS?There are many valuable sources of HIV/AIDS information, including your state or local health department and local AIDS service organizations. You can also access resources over the internet.How can I help fight HIV/AIDS?Everyone can play a role in dealing with this epidemic. Here are just a few suggestions for how you can make a difference in the fight against HIV/AIDS: • Volunteer with your local AIDS service organization.• Talk with the young people you know about HIV/AIDS.• Sponsor an HIV/AIDS education event or fund-raiser with your local school, community group, or religious organization.• Urge government officials to provide adequate funding for AIDS research, prevention education, medical care, and support services.• Speak out against AIDS-related discrimination.• Support continued research to develop better treatments and a safe and effective AIDS vaccine by making a donation to amfAR.。
【精品】高中英语(人教大纲)第三册Unit9 Health care(第一课时)
Unit 9 Health careⅠHealth care,the topic of this unit,is connected with our daily life closely.The improvement of health care is not only an assurance of people’s health,but also a sign of the society’s development,so the students’ interest in it can easily be aroused.Thus,their integrating skills to useBy finishing the tasks of Warming up,Speaking,Writing and Grammar,the students not only practise expressing opinions,but also practise using the Subjunctive Mood to talk about things that are imaginary or unreal events and situations.By listening,the students learn something about the WHO and the outbreaking and controlling of the SARS.By reading one passage,the students learn that the government and some international organizations are making efforts to improve the weakest members’ health care situations in order to reduce poverty.By reading another passage,the students learn something about Fleming—the penicillin discoverer and the great contributions made by him to health care.At the same time,the students learn some useful words and expressionsⅡ4ⅢSir Alexander Fleming was born at Lochfield near Darvel in Ayrshire,Scotland on August 6th,1881.He attended Louden Moor School,Darvel School,and Kilmarnock Academy before moving to London where he attended the Polytechnic.He spent four years in a shipping office before entering St.Mary’s Medical School,London University.He qualified with distinction in 1906 and began research at St.Mary’s under Sir Almroth Wright,a pioneer in vaccine therapy.He gained M.B.,B.S.,(London),with Gold Medal in 1908,and became a lecturer at St.Mary’s until 1914.He served throughout World War Ⅰas a captain in the Army Medical Corps,being mentioned in dispatches,and in 1918 he returned to St.Mary’s.He was elected Professor of the School in 1928 and Emeritus Professor of Bacteriology,University of London in 1948.He was elected Fellow ofSir Alexander wrote numerous papers on bacteriology,immunology and chemotherapy,including original descriptions of lysozyme and penicillion.They have been published in medEarly in his medical life,Fleming became interested in the natural bacterial action of the blood and in antiseptics.He was able to continue his studies throughout his military career and ondemobilization he settled to work on antibacterial substances which would not be toxic to animal tissues.In 1921,he discovered in tissues and secretions an important bacteriolytic substance which he named Lysozyme.About this time,he devised sensitivity titration methods and assays in human blood and other body fluids,which he subsequently used for the titration of penicillin.In 1928,while working on influenza virus,he observed that mould had developed accidently on a staphylococcus culture plate and that the mould had created a bacteria-free circle around itself.He was inspired to further experiment and he found that a mould culture prevented growth ofFleming,a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons(England),1909,and a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians(London),1944,has gained many awards.They include Hunterian Professor (1919),Arris and Gale Lecturer(1929) and Honorary Gold Medal(1946) of the Royal College of Surgeons;Williams Julius Mickle Fellowship,University of London(1942);Charles Mickle Fellowship,University of Toronto(1944);John Scott Medal,City Guild of Philadelphia(1944);Cameron Prize,University of Edinburgh(1945);Moxon Medal,Royal College of Physicians(1945);Cutter Lecturer,Harvard University(1945);Albert Gold Medal,Royal Society of Arts(1946);Gold Medal,Royal Society of Medicine(1947);Medal for Merit,U.S.A.(1947);andHe served as President of the Society for General Microbiology.He was a member of the Pontifical Academy of Science and Honorary Member of almost all the medical and scientific societies of the world.He was Rector of Edinburgh University during 1951-1954,Freeman of many boroughs and cities and Honorary Chief Doy-gei-tau of the Kiowa tribe.He was also awardedIn 1915,Fleming married Sarah Marion McElroy of Killala,Ireland,who died in 1949.TheirFleming married again in 1953,his bride was Dr.Amalia Koutsouri-V oureka,a Greek colleague at St.Mary’In his younger days he was a keen member of the Territorial Army and he served from 1900Dr Fleming died on March 11th in 1955 and is buried in St.Paul’Ⅳ2.Train the students’3.Train the students’speaking ability and practise expressing opinions using the Subjunctive1.Train the students’1.Help the studen2.Individul,pair or group work to make every student active inStep Ⅰ GreetingsGreet the whole class as usual.Step Ⅱ Warming UpT:Today,we’ll begin to learn Unit 9 Health care(Bb:Unit 9Health care).Let’s begin our class with a question—What do you think is the most important in your life and why?Think for a whileS1:I think jobs are the most important.Without jobs,life is meaningless.What’s more,you’ll beS2:In my opinion,money is the most important.Though money doesn’t mean everything,you can do nothing without money,even you can lose your life without money’s help.(Bb:In myS3:I believe knowledge is the most important,because knowledge is power and knowledge canS4S5:Personally speaking,friends are the most important.With friends,with help.(Bb:PersonallyS6T:Well,all your opinions sound reasonable.I think all of them are important,as all of them are closely related to each other.OK.Now,please look at the four pictures in your books and find outSs:It seems that they all have some difficulty with health.Of course,health is the most important toSs:MediSs:I would try my best to change the situation.If I couldn’t do that,I would ask for help fromT:OK.Now,please open your books at Page 73.Look at Ex.1 in Warming up and finish it in three minutes.Then I’ll ask some students to answer them using the sentence structure “If...did/were...,I(Three minutes later,teacher asks·If someone in my family got seriously ill,I would send him/her to the best hospital for·If an accident destroyed my family home,I would ask for help from the government to rebuild·If I were sick but could not pay for medical treatment,I would turn to sT:It’s clever of you to be able to overcome difficulty.Next,look at Ex.2.Work in pairs and make a list of situations where a person would need help from the people around him or her.After finishing it,hand your papers in.(The teacher collects the students’ papers.)Step Ⅲ Preparation for ListeningT:Well,so much for Warming up.We all know there is a national organization which is devoted to improving people’s health.Which organization is it?What’Ss:The World Health OrganizatioS7:It is the United Nations’ specialized agency for health.It was established on 7 April,1948.TheT:Well.Thank you.Who’d like to say anything elS8:The WHO is governed by 192 member states through the World Health Assembly.The Health Assembly is composed of representatives from the WHO’s member states.The main tasks of the World Health Assembly are to approve the WHO programme and the boudget for the followingT:Thank you.Sit down,please.Do you think the WHO plays an important role in improving the world’S9:Yes.Because its goal is the attainment by all peoples ofT:Then,do you know the reason why the WHO was created and its functions in defeatingT:So,let’s listen to the tape and get more information about the WHO.Step Ⅳ ListeningT:Now,please turn to Page 74.First,go through the questions of Ex.2 as quickly as possible.Then I’ll play the tape of the first part for you to find out the answers.Be sure to write some key words(Teacher plays the tape at least twice.Then check the answers.After that,teacher goes on to dealT:Now,look at the questions of Ex.3.From the questions we can learn that the second part of the tape must be about the SARS.It will tell about the outbreaking and the controlling of the SARS.DoT:Well,now please listen to the tape and answer the questions.If necessary,I’ll play it moreStep Ⅴ SpeakingT:From the listening activity,we’ve learnt that both the government and the WHO played important roles in controlling the SARS.Actually,as the government develops the economy,it is also making efforts to improve health care.Now,imagine that a government programme has given your town 2 000 000 yuan to improve health care in your area.How should the money be used?AT:Good idea.Well,please look at the role cards in Speaking and prepare for the discussion.Work in(Teacher divides the students into groups of five and gives them enough time to discuss theMayor:Today,we’re here to attend this meeting,mainly discussing how to make reasonable use of the 2 000 000 yuan health care funds given by our government.Would you please give your ownStudent A:The equipment for the hospital in our town are so relatively backward that it directly affects the improvement of health care.Therefore,I think we’d better use this sum of money toStudent B:I think that,currently,people are short of some basic common knowledge of health care.Moreover,enough work on the awareness and precaution of illness has not been done yet,so,from my point of view,more work should be done on the prevalence of health care.It isStudent C:At present,it is a common phenomenon that ordinary people fear to see a doctor just because they cannot afford the expenditure of health care,so I think it’ll be more suitable to useStudent D:Presently,compared with doctors,patients are much more.It is the unproportionate number between doctors and patients that makes it difficult for the ordinary people to get necessary health care,so,what is more important now is to use this sum of money to hire moreMayor:All that you’ve suggested sounds reasonable to me,but the money is really pared to the other suggestions,the one made by student D seems to be more practical,because this is the most urgent situation we are facing.Only if we have enough doctors first can we build up a new modern hospital.Then the health care can be greatly improved in ourStep Ⅵ Summary and HomeworkT：In this class,we’ve mainly talked about health care.Centering on this topic,we’ve learnt something about the WHO and society.Health care is very important for all of us,especially those in need of help.Besides,we’ve practised expressing opinions using “I think....”,and “If...,I would....”.After class,practise them again and use the Internet to learn more about health care and society.In addition,remember to preview the reading pStep ⅦBlackboardThe First PeriodI think...I believe....If...did/were....Step Ⅷ Record after Teaching_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________。
高中英语Unit9 Health care文章 如何防治非典人教版第三册
如何防治非典防治非典型肺炎的关键是要做到早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗。
为了使大家了解和掌握这方面的基本知识，本版选择了一些重要常识并配以漫画，希望这种通俗、生动的形式有助于您的理解。
早发现●何谓非典型肺炎？病人的主要症状和体征是什么非典型肺炎实际是与由细菌引起的所谓典型肺炎不同的一组肺炎。
相对于经典的大叶性肺炎而言，早年支原体肺炎病原体尚未完全明确时，因其表现不够典型亦称非典型肺炎。
非典型肺炎现在主要指由支原体、衣原体、军团菌、立克次体、腺病毒以及其他一些不明微生物引起的急性呼吸道感染伴肺炎。
非典型肺炎主要通过近距离空气飞沫和密切接触传播，是一种呼吸道急性传染病，其临床表现为肺炎，在家庭和医院有聚集感染现象，有比较强的传染力。
病人通常以发热(体温38℃以上)为首发症状，多为高热，并可持续1至2周以上，可伴有寒战或其他症状，包括头痛、全身酸痛和不适、乏力，部分病人在早期也会有轻度的呼吸道症状(如咳嗽、咽痛等)。
发病2至7天后，病人会有干咳、少痰、呼吸困难，少数进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征，约10%的病人需要机械性通气。
血液化验时白细胞数大多正常或降低，胸部X线片显示出不同程度的肺炎改变。
早报告●非典型肺炎的诊断标准●接触“非典〞病人后如何断定是否会发病根据中国疾病预防控制中心公布的《非典型肺炎病例的临床诊断标准(试行)》，非典型肺炎的诊断标准为：1、流行病学史：发病前2周曾密切接触过同类病人或者有明确的传染给他人的证据；生活在流行区或发病前2周到过非典型肺炎正在流行的地区。
2、症状与体征：发热38℃以上、咳嗽、呼吸急速、气促或呼吸窘迫综合征，肺部罗音或有肺实变体征。
3、实验室检查：早期血WBC计数不升高或降低。
4、肺部影像学检查：X线胸片显示肺部不同程度的片状、斑片状浸润性阴影或呈网状样改变。
5、抗菌药物治疗无明显效果。
临床上要结合以上情况进行综合判断。
新华社北京4月18日电(记者田雨张景勇)一些与非典型肺炎病人有过接触的人非常担心：自己是否被染上非典型肺炎？为此，专家们提醒要注意以下事项：非典型肺炎病人潜伏期一般在2至12天之间，大多数在4至5天内发病。
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SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus, called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS was first reported in Asia in February 2003. Over the next few months, the illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained. This fact sheet gives basic information about the illness and what CDC has done to control SARS in the United States. To find out more about SARS, go to CDC's SARS website and WHO's SARS website.
The SARS outbreak of 2003
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a total of 8,098 people worldwide became sick with SARS during the 2003 outbreak. Of these, 774 died. In the United States, only eight people had laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV infection. All of these people had traveled to other parts of the world with SARS. SARS did not spread more widely in the community in the United States. For an update on SARS cases in the United States and worldwide as of December 2003, see Revised U.S. Surveillance Case Definition for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Update on SARS Cases --- United States and Worldwide, December 2003.
Symptoms of SARS
In general, SARS begins with a high fever (temperature greater than 100.4°F [>38.0°C]). Other symptoms may include headache, an overall feeling of discomfort, and body aches. Some people also have mild respiratory symptoms at the outset. About 10 percent to 20 percent of patients have diarrhea. After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry cough. Most patients develop pneumonia.
How SARS spreads
The main way that SARS seems to spread is by close person-to-person contact. The virus that causes SARS is thought to be transmitted most readily by respiratory droplets (droplet spread) produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet spread can happen when droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person are propelled a short distance (generally up to 3 feet) through the air and deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of persons who are nearby. The virus also can spread when a person touches a surface or object contaminated with infectious droplets
and then touches his or her mouth, nose, or eye(s). In addition, it is possible that the SARS virus might spread more broadly through the air (airborne spread) or by other ways that are not now known.
What does “close contact” mean?
In the context of SARS, close contact means having cared for or lived with someone with SARS or having direct contact with respiratory secretions or body fluids of a patient with SARS. Examples of close contact include kissing or hugging, sharing eating or drinking utensils, talking to someone within 3 feet, and touching someone directly. Close contact does not include activities like walking by a person or briefly sitting across a waiting room or office。