Chapter6 of THE GREAT GATSBY 发送
TheGreatGatsby英语简介
TheGreatGatsby英语简介The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》英语简介The character relation of the story is very complicated.Nick is the narrator of the story. He is Gatsby’s neighbor and good friend. And he is Daisy’s cousin,he is Daisy’s husband Tom’s college classmate too. Gatsby was still a very poor major many years ago and at that time he fell in love with a beautiful girl named Daisy, but when he came back with a huge fortune,Daisy had married a rich man,Tom.Gatsby wanted to retrieve the lost love,so Nick helped him to invite Daisy to have afternoon tea together.Gatsby had a firm belief that Daisy kept on loving him,and he believed the reason why Daisy didn’t wait him just because of money.One day,Daisy accidently knocked down and killed the mistress of Tom. Daisy pinned everything on Gatsby, and Gatsby determined to protect Daisy at any cost. The last, Gatsby was killed by Myrtle Wilson’s husband and only Nick attended his funeral.The story happened between 1919 to 1929,and this period was called Roaring Twenties or Jazz age. Economic boom made every Americans retrust The American Dream. At that time,people were confident and cheerful,hoping that they could realize their dreams and live a better life. The Roaring Twenties were years of revolution in social values among some Americans, esspecially people’s value in money.The Roaring Twenties ended with the coming of The Great Depression.It ended with a crash.The American Dream is an important theme of The Great Gatsby.The Great Gatsby is a realistic novel of a bell that tolls for theAmerican Dream,truthfully represents the spirit and features of the"Jazz Age".Through the glittering world of The Great Gatsby runs the themes of moral waste and decay and the lack of personal responsibility which is characteristic of the Jazz Age.The Great Gatsby is a general critique of the American dream.。
《高中英语课件：《The Great Gatsby》小说研究》
大卫·希尔德风格的分析
1
神秘主义
小说使用神秘主义的笔法，通过象征和暗示，将视角直接落在现实生活中的事件 与叙述背后。
2
挑战现实主义
小说用现实主义手法讲述故事情节，但多个变幻莫测的人物关系和情感变化所构 成的剧情，偏离了现实主义的逻辑。
3
瑰丽而又忧郁的文笔
菲茨杰拉德以他那瑰丽而又忧郁的文笔，为小说增添了迷人的色彩和强烈的个性 特征，成为小说的另一大亮点。
1 记事本
象征着盖茨比对心灵中的那个在他青春期年少时流逝的身影，也表示着他对过去时光的 美好回忆。
2光
象征着梦想、不打折扣的爱情和荣誉、嫉妒和犬儒主义。《The Great Gatsby》表现的即 是人们在偏执的城市生活中追寻着那个虚幻而光明的灯塔。
3 眼镜
象征着权力底层的人们，他们的相对贫穷却信仰坚定，在经济、社会阶层中保持独立的 生活态度，这是小说中的一种批评意味。
从意识形态的视角来分析，该小说是现代社会期望突破 的代表。随着人们日益富裕，有关快乐、幸福的愿望成 为社会关注的核心，而其中最重要的主题则是对于自由 和自我价值的追求。
读后感与思考
1 对人生的思考
2 人性本质的反思
3 对美好未来的信仰
该小说揭示了人们对恋爱、 金钱、物质的狂热追求，对 幸福的渴求和对自我的寻求。
音乐与文化背景的呈现
1 爵士乐
2 文化思潮
3 音乐之魂
小说中爵士乐作为新世纪的 代表音乐在整个小说中扮演 了重要的角色，是对美国文 化的传达，展示了那个时代 的哲学价值。
小说几乎囊括了所有当时的 文化思潮和作风，是美国文 化中的一份重要遗产。
音乐在小说中显现出同样意 义深远的力量：它是存在于 浪漫，存在于多元性格的坚 定之中，存在于社会文化信 任体系之下。
The Great Gatsby》
Impression
Movie Photos
The novel described for the 20's through the perfect artistic form to sell "the American dream" which liquor nouveau riche Gates compared pursues vanishing, has promulgated the American society's tragedy. Gates and bids good-bye compared to and the black eyebrow coloring alizarin red love originally is the very ordinary love story. But Gates compares in order to pursue the black eyebrow coloring alizarin red to exhaust own sentiment and the ability and wisdom, finally ruined own life. After Gates compared to dies, former days guest did not make an appearance, the black eyebrow coloring alizarin red accompanied the husband to depart by far, Nick pertinent had pointed out society's false and the heartlessness, caused the reader compared to the American dream necessity which pursued to be disillusioned regarding Gates had the profound impression.
经典解读汇报-TheGreatGatsby
THE GREAT GATSBY F. Scott FitzgeraldKey FactsF U L L T I T L E·The Great GatsbyA U T H O R· F. Scott FitzgeraldT Y P E O F W O R K· NovelG E N R E· Modernist novel, Jazz Age novel, novel of mannersT I M E A N D P L A C E W R I T T E N· 1923–1924, America and FranceD A TE OF F I R S T P U B L I C A T I O N· 1925N A R R A T O R· Nick Carraway; Carraway not only narrates the story but implies that he is the book’s authorP O I N T O F V I E W· Nick Carraway narrates in both first and third person, presenting only what he himself observes. Nick alternates sections where he presents events objectively, as they appeared to him at the time, with sections where he gives his own interpretations of the story’s meaning and of the motivations of the other characters.T O N E· Nick’s attitudes toward Gatsby and Gatsby’s story are ambivalent and contradictory. At times he seems to disapprove of Gatsby’s excesses and breachesof manners and ethics, but he also romanticizes and admires Gatsby, describing the events of the novel in a nostalgic and elegiac tone.T E N S E· PastS E T T I N G(T I M E)· Summer 1922S E T T I N G S(P L A C E)· Long Island and New York CityP R O T A G O N I S T· Gatsby and/or NickM A J O R C O N F L I C T· Gatsby has amassed a vast fortune in order to win the affections of the upper-class Daisy Buchanan, but his mysterious past stands in the way of his being accepted by her.R I S I N G A C T I O N· Gatsby’s lavish parties, Gatsby’s arrangement of a meeting with Daisy at Nick’sC L I M A X· There are two possible climaxes: Gatsby’s reunion with Daisy in Chapters 5–6; the confrontation between Gatsby and Tom in the Plaza Hotel in Chapter 7.F A L L I NG A C T I O N· Daisy’s rejection of Gatsby, Myrtle’s death, Gatsby’s murderT H E M E S· The decline of the American dream, the spirit of the 1920s, the difference between social classes, the role of symbols in the human conception of meaning, the role of the past in dreams of the futureM O T I F S· The connection between events and weather, the connection between geographical location and social values, images of time, extravagant parties, the quest for wealthS Y M B O L S· The green light on Daisy’s dock, the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg, the valley of ashes, Gatsby’s parties, East Egg, West EggF O R E S H A D O W I N G· The car wreck after Gatsby’s party in Chapter 3, Owl Eyes’s comments about the theatricality of Gatsby’s life, the mysterious telephone calls Gatsby receives from Chicago and Philadelphia1. Analysis of Major CharactersJay GatsbyThe title character of The Great Gatsby is a young man, around thirty years old, who rose from an impoverished childhood in rural North Dakota to become fabulously wealthy. However, he achieved this lofty goal by participating in organized crime, including distributing illegal alcohol and trading in stolen securities. From his early youth, Gatsby despised poverty and longed for wealth and sophistication—he dropped out of St. Olaf’s College after only two weeks because he could not bear the janitorial job with which he was paying his tuition. Though Gatsby has always wanted to be rich, his main motivation in acquiring his fortune was his love for Daisy Buchanan, whom he met as a young military officer in Louisville before leaving to fight in World War I in 1917. Gatsby immediately fell in love with Daisy’s aura of luxury, grace, and charm, and lied to her about his own background in order to convince her that he was good enough for her. Daisy promised to wait for him when he left for the war, but married Tom Buchanan in 1919, while Gatsby was studying at Oxford after the war in an attempt to gain an education. From that moment on, Gatsby dedicated himself to winning Daisy back, and his acquisition of millions of dollars, his purchase of a gaudy mansion on West Egg, and his lavish weekly parties are all merely means to that end.Fitzgerald delays the introduction of most of this information until fairly late in the novel. Gatsby’s reputation precedes him—Gatsby himself does not appear in a speaking role until Chapter 3. Fitzgerald initially presents Gatsby as the aloof, enigmatic host of the unbelievably opulent parties thrown every week at his mansion. He appears surrounded by spectacular luxury, courted by powerful men and beautiful women. He is the subject of a whirlwind of gossip throughout New York and is already a kind of legendary celebrity before he is ever introduced to the reader. Fitzgerald propels the novel forward through the early chapters by shrouding Gatsby’s background and the source of his wealth in mystery (the reader learns about Gatsby’s childhood in Chapter 6 and receives definitive proof of his criminal dealings in Chapter 7). As a result, the reader’s first, distant impressions of Gatsby strike quite a different note from that of the lovesick, naive young man who emerges during the later part of the novel.Fitzgerald uses this technique of delayed character revelation to emphasize the theatrical quality of Gatsby’s approach to life, which is an important part of hispersonality. Gatsby has literally created his own character, even changing his name from James Gatz to Jay Gatsby to represent his reinvention of himself. As his relentless quest for Daisy demonstrates, Gatsby has an extraordinary ability to transform his hopes and dreams into reality; at the beginning of the novel, he appears to the reader just as he desires to appear to the world. This talent for self-invention is what gives Gatsby his quality of “greatness”: indeed, the title “The Great Gatsby”is reminiscent of billings for such vaudeville magicians as “The Great Houdini”and “The Great Blackstone,”suggesting that the persona of Jay Gatsby is a masterful illusion.Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us.(See Important Quotations Explained)As the novel progresses and Fitzgerald deconstructs Gatsby’s self-presentation, Gatsby reveals himself to be an innocent, hopeful young man who stakes everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him. Gatsby invests Daisy with an idealistic perfection that she cannot possibly attain in reality and pursues her with a passionate zeal that blinds him to her limitations. His dream of her disintegrates, revealing the corruption that wealth causes and the unworthiness of the goal, much in the way Fitzgerald sees the American dream crumbling in the 1920s, as America’s powerful optimism, vitality, and individualism become subordinated to the amoral pursuit of wealth.Gatsby is contrasted most consistently with Nick. Critics point out that the former, passionate and active, and the latter, sober and reflective, seem to represent two sides of Fitzgerald’s personality. Additionally, whereas Tom is a cold-hearted, aristocratic bully, Gatsby is a loyal and good-hearted man. Though his lifestyle and attitude differ greatly from those of George Wilson, Gatsby and Wilson share the fact that they both lose their love interest to Tom.Nick CarrawayIf Gatsby represents one part of Fitzgerald’s personality, the flashy celebrity who pursued and glorified wealth in order to impress the woman he loved, then Nick represents another part: the quiet, reflective Midwesterner adrift in the lurid East. A young man (he turns thirty during the course of the novel) from Minnesota, Nick travels to New York in 1922 to learn the bond business. He lives in the West Egg district of Long Island, next door to Gatsby. Nick is also Daisy’s cousin, which enables him to observe and assist the resurgent love affair between Daisy and Gatsby. As a result of his relationship to these two characters, Nick is the perfect choice to narrate the novel, which functions as a personal memoir of his experiences with Gatsby in the summer of 1922.Nick is also well suited to narrating The Great Gatsby because of his temperament. As he tells the reader in Chapter 1, he is tolerant, open-minded, quiet, and a good listener, and, as a result, others tend to talk to him and tell him their secrets. Gatsby, in particular, comes to trust him and treat him as a confidant. Nick generally assumes a secondary role throughout the novel, preferring to describe andcomment on events rather than dominate the action. Often, however, he functions as Fitzgerald’s voice, as in his extended meditation on time and the American dream at the end of Chapter 9.Insofar as Nick plays a role inside the narrative, he evidences a strongly mixed reaction to life on the East Coast, one that creates a powerful internal conflict that he does not resolve until the end of the book. On the one hand, Nick is attracted to the fast-paced, fun-driven lifestyle of New York. On the other hand, he finds that lifestyle grotesque and damaging. This inner conflict is symbolized throughout the book by Nick’s romantic affair with Jordan Baker. He is attracted to her vivacity and her sophistication just as he is repelled by her dishonesty and her lack of consideration for other people.Nick states that there is a “quality of distortion”to life in New York, and this lifestyle makes him lose his equilibrium, especially early in the novel, as when he gets drunk at Gatsby’s party in Chapter 2. After witnessing the unraveling of Gatsby’s dream and presiding over the appalling spectacle of Gatsby’s funeral, Nick realizes that the fast life of revelry on the East Coast is a cover for the terrifying moral emptiness that the valley of ashes symbolizes. Having gained the maturity that this insight demonstrates, he returns to Minnesota in search of a quieter life structured by more traditional moral values.Daisy BuchananPartially based on Fitzgerald’s wife, Zelda, Daisy is a beautiful young woman from Louisville, Kentucky. She is Nick’s cousin and the object of Gatsby’s love. As ayoung debutante in Louisville, Daisy was extremely popular among the military officers stationed near her home, including Jay Gatsby. Gatsby lied about his background to Daisy, claiming to be from a wealthy family in order to convince her that he was worthy of her. Eventually, Gatsby won Daisy’s heart, and they made love before Gatsby left to fight in the war. Daisy promised to wait for Gatsby, but in 1919 she chose instead to marry Tom Buchanan, a young man from a solid, aristocratic family who could promise her a wealthy lifestyle and who had the support of her parents.After 1919, Gatsby dedicated himself to winning Daisy back, making her the single goal of all of his dreams and the main motivation behind his acquisition of immense wealth through criminal activity. To Gatsby, Daisy represents the paragon of perfection—she has the aura of charm, wealth, sophistication, grace, and aristocracy that he longed for as a child in North Dakota and that first attracted him to her. In reality, however, Daisy falls far short of Gatsby’s ideals. She is beautiful and charming, but also fickle, shallow, bored, and sardonic. Nick characterizes her as a careless person who smashes things up and then retreats behind her money. Daisy proves her real nature when she chooses Tom over Gatsby in Chapter 7, then allows Gatsby to take the blame for killing Myrtle Wilson even though she herself was driving the car. Finally, rather than attend Gatsby’s funeral, Daisy and Tom move away, leaving no forwarding address.Like Zelda Fitzgerald, Daisy is in love with money, ease, and material luxury. She is capable of affection (she seems genuinely fond of Nick and occasionally seems tolove Gatsby sincerely), but not of sustained loyalty or care. She is indifferent even to her own infant daughter, never discussing her and treating her as an afterthought when she is introduced in Chapter 7. In Fitzgerald’s conception of America in the 1920s, Daisy represents the amoral values of the aristocratic East Egg set.2. Themes, Motifs & SymbolsThemesThemes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Decline of the American Dream in the 1920sOn the surface, The Great Gatsby is a story of the thwarted love between a man and a woman. The main theme of the novel, however, encompasses a much larger, less romantic scope. Though all of its action takes place over a mere few months during the summer of 1922 and is set in a circumscribed geographical area in the vicinity of Long Island, New York, The Great Gatsby is a highly symbolic meditation on 1920s America as a whole, in particular the disintegration of the American dream in an era of unprecedented prosperity and material excess.Fitzgerald portrays the 1920s as an era of decayed social and moral values, evidenced in its overarching cynicism, greed, and empty pursuit of pleasure. The reckless jubilance that led to decadent parties and wild jazz music—epitomized in The Great Gatsby by the opulent parties that Gatsby throws every Saturday night —resulted ultimately in the corruption of the American dream, as the unrestraineddesire for money and pleasure surpassed more noble goals. When World War I ended in 1918, the generation of young Americans who had fought the war became intensely disillusioned, as the brutal carnage that they had just faced made the Victorian social morality of early-twentieth-century America seem like stuffy, empty hypocrisy. The dizzying rise of the stock market in the aftermath of the war led to a sudden, sustained increase in the national wealth and a newfound materialism, as people began to spend and consume at unprecedented levels. A person from any social background could, potentially, make a fortune, but the American aristocracy—families with old wealth—scorned the newly rich industrialists and speculators. Additionally, the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, which banned the sale of alcohol, created a thriving underworld designed to satisfy the massive demand for bootleg liquor among rich and poor alike.Fitzgerald positions the characters of The Great Gatsby as emblems of these social trends. Nick and Gatsby, both of whom fought in World War I, exhibit the newfound cosmopolitanism and cynicism that resulted from the war. The various social climbers and ambitious speculators who attend Gatsby’s parties evidence the greedy scramble for wealth. The clash between “old money”and “new money”manifests itself in the novel’s symbolic geography: East Egg represents the established aristocracy, West Egg the self-made rich. Meyer Wolfshiem and Gatsby’s fortune symbolize the rise of organized crime and bootlegging.As Fitzgerald saw it (and as Nick explains in Chapter 9), the American dream was originally about discovery, individualism, and the pursuit of happiness. In the 1920s depicted in the novel, however, easy money and relaxed social values have corrupted this dream, especially on the East Coast. The main plotline of the novel reflects this assessment, as Gatsby’s dream of loving Daisy is ruined by the difference in their respective social statuses, his resorting to crime to make enough money to impress her, and the rampant materialism that characterizes her lifestyle. Additionally, places and objects in The Great Gatsby have meaning only because characters instill them with meaning: the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg best exemplify this idea. In Nick’s mind, the ability to create meaningful symbols constitutes a central component of the American dream, as early Americans invested their new nation with their own ideals and values.Nick compares the green bulk of America rising from the ocean to the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock. Just as Americans have given America meaning through their dreams for their own lives, Gatsby instills Daisy with a kind of idealized perfection that she neither deserves nor possesses. Gatsby’s dream is ruined by the unworthiness of its object, just as the American dream in the 1920s is ruined by the unworthiness of its object—money and pleasure. Like 1920s Americans in general, fruitlessly seeking a bygone era in which their dreams had value, Gatsby longs to re-create a vanished past—his time in Louisville with Daisy—but is incapable ofdoing so. When his dream crumbles, all that is left for Gatsby to do is die; all Nick can do is move back to Minnesota, where American values have not decayed.The Hollowness of the Upper ClassOne of the major topics explored in The Great Gatsby is the sociology of wealth, specifically, how the newly minted millionaires of the 1920s differ from and relate to the old aristocracy of the country’s richest families. In the novel, West Egg and its denizens represent the newly rich, while East Egg and its denizens, especially Daisy and Tom, represent the old aristocracy. Fitzgerald portrays the newly rich as being vulgar, gaudy, ostentatious, and lacking in social graces and taste. Gatsby, for example, lives in a monstrously ornate mansion, wears a pink suit, drives a Rolls-Royce, and does not pick up on subtle social signals, such as the insincerity of the Sloanes’invitation to lunch. In contrast, the old aristocracy possesses grace, taste, subtlety, and elegance, epitomized by the Buchanans’tasteful home and the flowing white dresses of Daisy and Jordan Baker.What the old aristocracy possesses in taste, however, it seems to lack in heart, as the East Eggers prove themselves careless, inconsiderate bullies who are so used to money’s ability to ease their minds that they never worry about hurting others. The Buchanans exemplify this stereotype when, at the end of the novel, they simply move to a new house far away rather than condescend to attend Gatsby’s funeral. Gatsby, on the other hand, whose recent wealth derives from criminal activity, has asincere and loyal heart, remaining outside Daisy’s window until four in the morning in Chapter 7 simply to make sure that Tom does not hurt her. Ironically, Gatsby’s good qualities (loyalty and love) lead to his death, as he takes the blame for killing Myrtle rather than letting Daisy be punished, and the Buchanans’bad qualities (fickleness and selfishness) allow them to remove themselves from the tragedy not only physically but psychologically.MotifsMotifs are recurring structures, contrasts, and literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes.GeographyThroughout the novel, places and settings epitomize the various aspects of the 1920s American society that Fitzgerald depicts. East Egg represents the old aristocracy, West Egg the newly rich, the valley of ashes the moral and social decay of America, and New York City the uninhibited, amoral quest for money and pleasure. Additionally, the East is connected to the moral decay and social cynicism of New York, while the West (including Midwestern and northern areas such as Minnesota) is connected to more traditional social values and ideals. Nick’s analysis in Chapter 9 of the story he has related reveals his sensitivity to this dichotomy: though it is set in the East, the story is really one of the West, as it tells how people originally from west of the Appalachians (as all of the main characters are) react to the pace and style of life on the East Coast.WeatherAs in much of Shakespeare’s work, the weather in The Great Gatsby unfailingly matches the emotional and narrative tone of the story. Gatsby and Daisy’s reunion begins amid a pouring rain, proving awkward and melancholy; their love reawakens just as the sun begins to come out. Gatsby’s climactic confrontation with Tom occurs on the hottest day of the summer, under the scorching sun (like the fatal encounter between Mercutio and Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet). Wilson kills Gatsby on the first day of autumn, as Gatsby floats in his pool despite a palpable chill in the air—a symbolic attempt to stop time and restore his relationship with Daisy to the way it was five years before, in 1917.SymbolsSymbols are objects, characters, figures, and colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.The Green LightSituated at the end of Daisy’s East Egg dock and barely visible from Gatsby’s West Egg lawn, the green light represents Gatsby’s hopes and dreams for the future. Gatsby associates it with Daisy, and in Chapter 1 he reaches toward it in the darkness as a guiding light to lead him to his goal. Because Gatsby’s quest for Daisy is broadly associated with the American dream, the green light also symbolizes that more generalized ideal. In Chapter 9, Nick compares the green lightto how America, rising out of the ocean, must have looked to early settlers of the new nation.The Valley of AshesFirst introduced in Chapter 2, the valley of ashes between West Egg and New York City consists of a long stretch of desolate land created by the dumping of industrial ashes. It represents the moral and social decay that results from the uninhibited pursuit of wealth, as the rich indulge themselves with regard for nothing but their own pleasure. The valley of ashes also symbolizes the plight of the poor, like George Wilson, who live among the dirty ashes and lose their vitality as a result.The Eyes of Doctor T. J. EckleburgThe eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are a pair of fading, bespectacled eyes painted on an old advertising billboard over the valley of ashes. They may represent God staring down upon and judging American society as a moral wasteland, though the novel never makes this point explicitly. Instead, throughout the novel, Fitzgerald suggests that symbols only have meaning because characters instill them with meaning. The connection between the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg and God exists only in George Wilson’s grief-stricken mind. This lack of concrete significance contributes to the unsettling nature of the image. Thus, the eyes also come to represent the essential meaninglessness of the world and the arbitrariness of themental process by which people invest objects with meaning. Nick explores these ideas in Chapter 8, when he imagines Gatsby’s final thoughts as a depressed consideration of the emptiness of symbols and dreams.3.Important Quotations Explained1.I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.Daisy speaks these words in Chapter 1 as she describes to Nick and Jordan her hopes for her infant daughter. While not directly relevant to the novel’s main themes, this quote offers a revealing glimpse into Daisy’s character. Daisy is not a fool herself but is the product of a social environment that, to a great extent, does not value intelligence in women. The older generation values subservience and docility in females, and the younger generation values thoughtless giddiness and pleasure-seeking. Daisy’s remark is somewhat sardonic: while she refers to the social values of her era, she does not seem to challenge them. Instead, she describes her own boredom with life and seems to imply that a girl can have more fun if she is beautiful and simplistic. Daisy herself often tries to act such a part. She conforms to the social standard of American femininity in the 1920s in order to avoid such tension-filled issues as her undying love for Gatsby.2.He had one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life. It faced, or seemed to face, the whole external world for an instant and then concentrated on you with an irresistible prejudice in your favor. It understood you just as far as you wanted to be understood, believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself.This passage occurs in Chapter 3 as part of Nick’s first close examination of Gatsby’s character and appearance. This description of Gatsby’s smile captures both the theatrical quality of Gatsby’s character and his charisma. Additionally, it encapsulates the manner in which Gatsby appears to the outside world, an image Fitzgerald slowly deconstructs as the novel progresses toward Gatsby’s death in Chapter 8. One of the main facets of Gatsby’s persona is that he acts out a role that he defined for himself when he was seventeen years old. His smile seems to be both an important part of the role and a result of the singular combination of hope and imagination that enables him to play it so effectively. Here, Nick describes Gatsby’s rare focus—he has the ability to make anyone he smiles at feel as though he has chosen that person out of “the whole external world,”reflecting that person’s most optimistic conception of him- or herself.3.The truth was that Jay Gatsby, of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God—a phrase which, if it means anything, means just that—and he must be about His Father’s business, the service of a vast,vulgar, and meretricious beauty. So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen year old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end.In Chapter 6, when Nick finally describes Gatsby’s early history, he uses this striking comparison between Gatsby and Jesus Christ to illuminate Gatsby’s creation of his own identity. Fitzgerald was probably influenced in drawing this parallel by a nineteenth-century book by Ernest Renan entitled The Life of Jesus.This book presents Jesus as a figure who essentially decided to make himself the son of God, then brought himself to ruin by refusing to recognize the reality that denied his self-conception. Renan describes a Jesus who is “faithful to his self-created dream but scornful of the factual truth that finally crushes him and his dream”—a very appropriate description of Gatsby. Fitzgerald is known to have admired Renan’s work and seems to have drawn upon it in devising this metaphor. Though the parallel between Gatsby and Jesus is not an important motif in The Great Gatsby, it is nonetheless a suggestive comparison, as Gatsby transforms himself into the ideal that he envisioned for himself (a “Platonic conception of himself”) as a youngster and remains committed to that ideal, despite the obstacles that society presents to the fulfillment of his dream.4.That’s my Middle West . . . the street lamps and sleigh bells in the frosty dark. . . . I see now that this has been a story of the West, after all—Tom and Gatsby, Daisyand Jordan and I, were all Westerners, and perhaps we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life.This important quote from Nick’s lengthy meditation in Chapter 9 brings the motif of geography in The Great Gatsby to a conclusion. Throughout the novel, places are associated with themes, characters, and ideas. The East is associated with a fast-paced lifestyle, decadent parties, crumbling moral values, and the pursuit of wealth, while the West and the Midwest are associated with more traditional moral values. In this moment, Nick realizes for the first time that though his story is set on the East Coast, the western character of his acquaintances (“some deficiency in common”) is the source of the story’s tensions and attitudes. He considers each character’s behavior and value choices as a reaction to the wealth-obsessed culture of New York. This perspective contributes powerfully to Nick’s decision to leave the East Coast and return to Minnesota, as the infeasibility of Nick’s Midwestern values in New York society mirrors the impracticality of Gatsby’s dream.5.Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter—tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. . . . And then one fine morning—So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.。
The Great Gasby
中文简介《了不起的盖茨比》（英语：The Great Gatsby，又译《大亨小传》），出版于1925年，是美国作家弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德所写的一部以20世纪20年代的纽约市及长岛为背景的短篇小说，被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征。
它在初出版时并不受欢迎——菲茨杰拉德在世时的总销量只有少于二万四千本。
在大萧条以及二战时被忽略，直至20世纪50年代再版时才受到广泛注目。
其后的数十年它更成为高中、大学文学课的标准教材。
经常有人把它称为20世纪最伟大的英文小说之一[1]。
杰·盖茨比是一个年轻的百万富翁，他过去的名声并不十分好，他本人也相当可疑。
他与他交往的社会阶层并没有什么太多的联系，而且没人知道他是怎样发财的。
有人说他在禁酒期间非法酿酒发财。
还有传说说他杀过人，或者他在战争中是德国间谍。
有人甚至说他是德皇威廉二世的侄子。
无论如何，虽然他举办众多的豪华的宴会，而且有许多人到他那里去吃喝，他始终是一个孤独的人。
他所想要的仅仅是“重复过去”：与他一生的爱人黛西在一起。
但黛西现在已经和一个稳重的、受人尊敬的百万富翁汤姆·布卡南结婚了，两人还有一个女儿。
对盖茨比来说，这并不妨碍他争取黛西的爱，而黛西觉得她被她的婚姻束缚，对她的婚姻不满，喜欢盖茨比的主意。
小说的主人公尼克·卡拉威（第一人称）是一个华尔街的股票商，他是盖茨比的邻居。
后来卡拉威体会到不论外表上多么尊严，这些巨富们实际上是非常淡漠的人，汤姆和黛西也不例外。
汤姆有一个情人默尔特，她是长岛和纽约市的高楼大厦之间的不毛之地上的一个加油站主的妻子。
一天，盖茨比与汤姆因为黛西产生争执后，黛西因为神经紧张，为了平息情绪，驾着盖茨比的车返回，盖茨比同坐。
在交通事故中黛西意外地将默尔特碾死了，默尔特是汤姆的情妇。
为了保护黛西，盖茨比说是他驾的车。
痛恨盖茨比的汤姆，说服默尔特的丈夫，是盖茨比勾引了默尔特并且故意将她杀死。
美国文学选读 The Great Gatsby 分析
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1890 - 1940)II. His masterpiece: The Great Gatsby1.The story summary:The entire story takes place in one summer in 1922.The novel describes the life and death of Jay Gatsby, as seen through the eyes of a narrator who does not share the same point of view as the fashionable people around him.The narrator learns that Gatsby became rich by breaking the law. Gatsby pretends to be a well-educated war hero, which he is not, yet the narrator portrays（描绘）him as being far more noble than the rich, cruel, stupid people among whom he and Gatsby live.Gatsby’s character is purified by a deep, unselfish love for Daisy, a beautiful, silly woman who, earlier, married a rich husband instead of Gatsby and moved into high society.Gatsby has never lost his love for her and, in an era when divorce has become easy, he tries to win her back by becoming rich himself. He does not succeed, and in the end he is killed by accident because of his determination to shield Daisy from disgrace.None of Gatsby’s upper class friends come to his funeral. The narrator is so disgusted that he leaves New York and returns to his original home.Chapter NineNick makes plans for the funeral.Gatsby's Funeral, three people show up.Nick returns to the west.Nick meets with Tom BuchananNick gets a last view of Gatsby's house.小说表面上是一个爱情故事，但实际却是对社会现状的讽刺批判。
The great Gatsby
• Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no matter --to-morrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. . . . And one fine morning----
人物结局
• 盖茨比：被枪杀 • 威尔逊：杀了盖茨比之后吞枪自杀 • Nike：回到了中西部
Chapter 9
• 大意：时隔两年，Nike回忆起了盖茨比死 后的一切，那些淡漠的不愿来参加盖茨比 葬礼的有以前来参加聚会的人，有盖茨比 以前的生意伙伴。 • 葬礼上只有看到报纸报道之后闻讯而来的 盖茨比的爸爸，葬礼结束后，Nike便离开 了这个让他感到无比失望的地方。 • Nike和乔丹终于结束了那一段不清不楚的 关系，Nike也在一次偶遇Tom的时候，证 实了威尔逊错杀盖茨比的原因。
The Great Gatsby
group 8
Chapter 8
• 大意：黛西开车撞死了威尔逊太太，Nike整夜辗转难眠
找到了盖茨比，盖茨比把他跟丹· 科迪度过的年轻时代的 离奇故事告诉了Nike，也回忆了他跟黛西的过往，既有他 们的相识相爱，也有战争结束后他回来寻找黛西时他们的 擦肩而过。早饭过后，Nike磨蹭了许久错过了好几班车之 后告别了盖茨比不情不愿的去工作了，而盖茨比准备游泳 等待黛西的电话，无法静下心工作的Nike途中接到了 Jordan的电话，他们不欢而散。 • 乔治· 威尔逊在威尔逊太太死后便疯疯癫癫，一根小小的 贵重的狗皮带让他觉得他太太一定是出轨了然后被其情夫 杀死了，于是他走遍了大大小小的车行，知道了那是属于 盖茨比的车，于是一场杀戮开始了，Nike回到盖茨比家， 看到的只有在游泳池里冰冷的盖茨比和草丛里自杀的威尔 逊。
The great gatsby
“They're no good, any of them! You are better than all of them added together!”在布置阅读作业之前，早已听说过这本书的大名，却次次与之擦肩而过，未有缘一睹。
这次借着写读书报告的机会，与主人公尼克一起认识盖茨比比。
听到书名，便有一个疑惑，为什么说盖茨比是了不起的？他了不起在哪儿呢？这个问题伴随着我整整两个chapters，甚至更久。
当我阅读这本书时，便融入进去，跟着尼克认识汤姆、黛西、乔丹等人，对于这几个人物，我感到厌恶，无论是崇尚金钱、奢侈虚伪的黛西；感情不贞、高傲粗鲁的汤姆或者是盖茨比生前那些趋炎附势、无情自私的“朋友”。
相比起来盖茨比简直善良天真地令人心痛。
单纯地以为能重回当年的美好爱情，为了黛西发奋致富，甚至为了保护黛西，承认自己开车撞人。
文中一开始提到盖茨比家夜夜笙歌，上流人士在此尽情享乐，而盖茨比总是远远地看，他的财富只为了引起黛西的注意，换回黛西的爱，他本人的内心始终都是单纯天真的。
在他死后，黛西居然可以平静地外出度假；而盖茨比的生前朋友竟然以种种借口连葬礼都不来参加，更不要说那些往日频繁参加他宴会的宾客。
一些都是那么冷漠无情，人走茶凉。
如此的世态炎凉让人为之心寒。
为什么盖茨比伟大、了不起，不是因为他有钱，他上过牛津名牌大学，身世迷离，而是因为他有一颗纯洁善良的心，他有爱，有情有义，是个活生生有血有肉有灵魂的人，比起那些充满铜臭味，游荡在上流社会的行尸走肉来说，盖茨比实在是有如一颗明媚无暇的玉石，美好地令人心酸。
在社会发展，经济繁荣的时代，保持一份纯真，拥有一份坚定的信仰追求。
少一些冷漠，多一些真诚。
不要被金钱，物欲蒙蔽心灵。
This is the first time that I read this book.But I had already heard about this famous book before.I am glad to take this opportunity to get to know Gatsby with the protagonist Nick.At first,I was confused about the title of this book——"The Great Gatsby".Why does the author use the word "great"?How does Gatsby be great?I began to read this book with these problems.There are many characters in this book,such as Daisy,T om,Jordan and,of course,Gatsby."I" am Nick.In the book,Gatsby is introduced from the perspective of Nick.Through this technique of expression,the whole story becomes more reliable.The story is about the tragedy of the person Gatsby who devoted himself to love a woman.At first Gatsby was a poor man,he loved Daisy very much but he could not marry with Daisy because of his poverty.When the war started,he joined the army.It was a long period of time before he returned from the army.Daisy had already married with the millionaire Tom.However,Gatsby didn't give up;he tried his best to become rich and hoped that Daisy would noticed him;he wanted to redeem his first love.Some day after reunion,he pushed Daisy to recognize the relationship with him and to say goodbye with Tom.Daisy hesitated because she had already been content with her pleased life and she didn't want to change anything.After quarreling,Gatsby left with Daisy first;Tom and"I" went after them.On their way home,Daisy ran over Tom's lover.Gatsby decided to be the rap to protect Daisy.T om abetted the lover's husband to kill Gatsby,but he didn't know the murder was Daisy!What a poor Gatsby!During the process of reading,I knew more and more about Gatsby.In the beginning of the story,it mentioned that Gatsby held big parties in his elite housing every night.The guests came from everywhere,every field and,even more,they have no idea about each other or about Gatsby.Gatsby is always warm and kind to his guests,but to some degree,he was incompatible with those upper class.In the first part of the story,the author introduced all the characters to readers and described them in details.While in the second part of the story,I started to realize why Gatsby be incompatible with the highest social class and why the author regarded him as a great man.According to the book,Gatsby did his best to love Daisy,to protect his love,even sacrificed himself to achieve his dream of love.!At last,my heart ached unbearably,I want to cry,for Gatsby's innocence and pared with Daisy,Tom or the other people else,Gatsby was too simple and good that he could not bring himself into the high class.From my view of point,he was a great man not because of his being well-educated in Oxford University,not for his wealth but because that Gatsby had a pure and kind heart;he loved other people and was human,having affection and faith.Indeed,he could be called as a great human!I respect his pursuit of Platonic love.At that time,people were all blinded by greed,only Gatsby insisted his pursuit of love with a halcyon heart.That is worthy of us learning.Besides,I do not like Daisy and Tom at all.Daisy was a woman of vanity who was extremely selfish,worldly and hypocritical.What's more,her husband——Tom wholeft me a deep impression of insolence and rudeness was adulterous.Neither of them was a good guy.Not only this couple,but also Gatsby's old friends as well as the guests.Before Gatsby's death,every night the elite housing is full of guests,like a sleepless metropolis.People regarded being invited to the party as a honour.But after the accident,they even didn't want to attend his funeral.How indifferent they were!His friends did the same thing!None of them was good.Just like the words that Nick said to Gatsby:"They're no good, any of them! You are better than all of them added together!"In this sentence,the author expressed the strong emotions of indignation and dissatisfaction.Finally,only two people attended Gatsby's funeral:Nick and Gatsby's father.The past friends and guests did not appear;T om and Daisy,to Nick's surprise,traveled to someplace at ease!It was a funeral which was full of feeling of forlorn.Gatsby's death just like a ripple of wind on water,having no effect on other people,even no one would like to remember him.That made me feel bitterly disappointed.Yes,all the characters,except Gatsby,were lost in the money and fame.From them,I can't smell anything of warmth or anything of human. They reminded me of the social class in China.With the development of science and technology,people's living standards have improved a lot.Thus,people are content with the life of pleasure and advocate money and interests.They value sincere friendship less than money.I am on the side of the author and would like to condemn the highest society people like Daisy and Tom.For those people like Gatsby,I feel sincerely sympthy. Living a luxury and dissipation life,people become dull,callous,impersonaland inward emptiness.In their heart ,even virtuous love is not worth them ——fame,money and authority. Under this society morality,many society problems appears,such as food security,medical security and bureaucratic corruption.But these lead to social instability.Thus,I think everyone should have a dream,a goal,not touch economic.We should try our best to build up a harmonious society in which we can live equally,happily and safely.There is an old saying goes:"Money is a thing outside of our body/Money will come and go."It makes sense.So,we should learn from Gatsby to be a person who has ideals and faith and won't be drown in the money.。
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Chapter6 of THE GREAT GATSBY
★substance
at the beginning of this chapter,a young report called on Gatsby and wanted to inquired more about his life.By the chance,we can know a great deal of Gatsby through Nick,which helped clean the set of misconceptions away.Then the following party had different atmosphere due to the attendence of Tom.It was also the first time that they three(Gatsby,Daisy and Tom)had the first formal contact. Tom realized the hostility of Gatsby,Dasiy expressed her infatuation for money and luxcury..And Gatsby also felt far away from Daisy,but he still held on his dream instead of accepted the fact..He also told a lot about their past to confirm they loved each other deeply,which made Nick be not hardhearted enough to refute.
★Detail
1.the story of Gatsby.There are several parts in the book which refered to his paring with the first meet between Gatsby and Nick (C4 P54),there are some differences and writter used much more words to introduce.There I want to prove 3 points about the past of him in the chapter are right.
(1).James Gatz was his original name. (C9P133)after the death of Gatsby ,his father came and told that “Gatz is my name”.
(2).About Gatsby and Oxford.In fact,he just had educated there in a short time, not graduated from there..we can find in P102,he said”I only stuayed 5 months. That’s why I can’t really call myshef an Oxford man”.
(3).Gatsby really had a friend called “Cody”,who also had a great influence on Gatsby’s life..For there was a portrait in his bedroom, and he had said”That’s Mr Dan Cody,he used to be my best friend years ago.(P74).
2.The conversation between Gatsby and Tom.Gatsby was hostlie and even hated Tom,for he was the guy who had robbed his goddness---Dasiy.Actually they had met before (page).but Tom hadn’t noticed and accepted the introduction of Gatsby as a stranger.While Gatsby was profoungly affected by Tom’s arrival.What’s more ,Gatsby reminded Tom that “I know your wife”,which was so aggressive and provicative that drawed Tom’s attention .So Tom said to Dasiy “I’d like to know who he is and what he does’’ lately.(P87)
3.The change of Daisy and invariable Gastby.In the C5,Dasiy had lost her manner several times ,such as “cried pointing,sobbed,muffled,cried”when seeing the splendid house,luxcurious life and delicate objects.in the C6,she even said “these things excite me so”.That to say ,what she had seen were juest money and luxcury,not the love of Gatsby.Actually,Gatsby had also realized and interrputed her exclamation twice in P8
4.He even said “I feel far away from her.It’s hard t make her understand.(P87).However,Gatsby is a man longing for love and dream.So he chose to live in the memory,ignore the change of Dasiy and reduce the distance between them.. 4.The question that whether Dasiy loved Tom.It’s an improtant plot in the chapter.(P88) “He wanted nothing less of Dasiy than that she should go to Tom and say:I never loved you”.But Nick know the fact.(P61)“”.It is also a clue for for the climax of confrontation among they three.
5.The song <3 o’clock in the morning>.It seemed that the song has appeared twice in the book.”I n a real dark night of the soul,it is always 3 o’clock in the morning day after day.That to say,Gatsby was always surrounded by dark,without bright.it is said that 3 is the darkest time among 24 hours,when is full of despair and sadness.
★feeling
Actually what moved me most is the green light which was waited for by Gatsby every everning(P74).Maybe your are facing or have faced love,many things are experienced or have been experienced.happiness,sadnedd,hope and hopeless.In the process,have you ever changed your original intention of love?Are you still able to wait and receive the pure love?Love and dreams always have to struggle with the cruel fact anf usually lose,but Gatsby give me the strength to keep in faith, belief and illusion.Gatsby look his love as the the most valuable thing,which is a kind of eternity.(永恒)。
And it is also the thing which I want to hunt for~~~。