Collagen
胶原蛋白短肽（Collagenpeptide）
胶原蛋白短肽（Collagen peptide）Collagen peptideDirectory [hide]Collagen peptideOriginality of collagen peptideTen advantages of collagen peptideTen wonders of collagen peptideCollagen peptideCollagen short peptide is a cosmetic anti-aging product provided by AC Marketing Department of Shanghai Ya Xi (International) - Connaught - Beauty - granted rights biomedical technology service center. Collagen and collagen peptides common fundamental difference: the collagen molecules usually consists of 3000 amino acids (molecular weight 3000) which is difficult to be absorbed by the body of stomach, but can not be absorbed by the skin directly. Provide Shanghai, collagen peptide - Nobel - Beauty - Biomedical Technology Service Center is 3000 amino acids in accordance with 1/1000 cut, the smallest molecular structure of functional collagen, which is combined with the 3 amino acids of the body. Three peptide collagen has more excellent absorption than ordinary collagen, which can directly penetrate into the dermis layer, and bring better moisturizing effect.Originality of collagen peptide1. source: Alaska deep sea cartilage, pure natural, no added;2. production process: the use of high-tech enzyme cutting technology.3. up to now, 280 Dalton small molecule collagen peptide with very small molecular weight, high absorption, water solubility is very strong, quickly penetrate into the dermis layer, completely absorbed.4. pure Japanese imports, quality 100% guarantees.Health food can only 5. breasts, and fat.6. international medical experts authority certification, beneficial to human body hydroxyproline and proline content is the highestTen advantages of collagen peptide1. aging article - collagen can increase the elasticity of the skin, tight, so that every inch of the body on the skin to get newCollagen is an indispensable part of the body, bones, blood vessels, muscles, viscera and other parts of the body. Dermal dermis 75% consists of collagen, fibrous collagen network structure, to maintain the elasticity and toughness of the skin; at the same time, for the skin to transport moisture, keep theskin supple. As you age, your body's ability to synthesize collagen decreases, and your skin loses luster, elasticity, roughness, and even wrinkles. The dermal collagen content reduction is one of the main reasons of elasticity and wrinkles; whether male or female, of small molecular collagen peptide can make skin tension and elasticity, firmness, and anti-oxidation, prevent aging and wrinkles.The 2. vascular section - collagen is the main component of blood vesselThere is a close relationship between the content of collagen and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Collagen deficiency can lead to poor vascular elasticity, and affect the stability of blood pressure, and even lead to a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. And supplement small molecule collagen polypeptide, can accelerate the metabolism of the vascular wall, increase vascular elasticity, strengthen the strength and toughness of the blood vessel. Reduce the blood glycerin three fat, drink cholesterol, make blood flow. And can effectively improve hypertension, arteriosclerosis and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.3. skeleton chapter - about 80% of proteins in bones are collagenAt the age of 20, the collagen began to aging and lost, and the content decreased year by year; the 25 year old entered the peak of the loss; at the age of 40, the content of collagen was less than half of the age of 18! Due to menstrual, reproductive andother physiological factors, the loss of collagen is 2.5 times as much as that of males. With the growth of age, the most likely to lead to osteoporosis, bone aging phenomenon. The content of bone collagen to total protein in bone volume 80%, collagen and collagen is maintaining bone structure, prevent osteoporosis, bone marrow kept flexible, intake of small molecule collagen polypeptide enough, can guarantee the normal body calcium intake, collagen like full of small hole in the net, will live the loss of calcium from the body firmly, once the lack of collagen, even with enough will lost the!4. of the bone and joint sections - 59% of the cartilage in the joint is collagenUncomfortable symptoms or chronic pain caused by joints and bones can be improved with the addition of small molecule collagen peptides. Articular cartilage and lubrication at the ends of the bone can provide a smooth surface, minimizing friction in the joint movement and avoiding direct friction between the bone and the bone. 59% of the articular cartilage is collagen, and when the collagen is less, it will make the collagen and glycoprotein mesh link loose, make the articular cartilage force easily deformation and aggravate wear, and thus lead to joint disease. Collagen has the effect of prevention and improvement on knee pain, lumbago and shoulder pain. When the collagen is insufficient, the calcium of the skeleton can not be retained, which can easily lead to osteoporosis; in Germany and France hospitals, even small molecular collagen peptides are used as therapeutic agents for arthritis and rheumatism.5. skin chapter - 70% of the protein in the skin is collagenWomen over the age of 25, the original skin will be a gradual loss of collagen, the skin becomes dry under water shortage, lack of flexibility, collagen and skin affinity and good compatibility, can penetrate into the skin, and the formation of skin, protect skin, give skin moisture and elasticity, to shrink pores compact; and water synthesis in the horny layer, the formation of network structure, effectively lock the moisture and play the role of moisture, make the skin plump, stretch wrinkles, maintain elasticity and moisture, keep skin smooth and delicate.The biological activity of ISWIA small molecule collagen peptide can increase the metabolism of the basal layer of skin, block the source of the formation of pigmentation, and decompose and eliminate the original stain. And can inhibit the formation of new stains. In addition to collagen, the skin pores become more delicate, white, non greasy, and can quickly repair damaged cells. Solve the problem of sore, acne, acne, and can eliminate scars, promote wound healing.6. hair - collagen in the hair, mainly control the thickness of the hair, elastic moistureThe key to the hair health lies in the nutrition of the basal hair subcutaneous tissue, and the collagen in the dermis is the nutrition supply station of the dermis and epidermis appendages. Lack of collagen, hair will dry bifurcation. Like the skin, the hair is also collagen. Cross cut a hair, you can see under the microscope; the most central hair marrow, the middle iscollagen, and the outermost layer is the hair scale. Collagen mainly controls the thickness, elasticity and wetness of hair. Cuticle is a very fragile tissue, friction will be heated to wear, and the inner layer of collagen will be stimulated and decomposed.Do you want to have a hair? Supplement small molecule collagen polypeptide, nutrition subcutaneous tissue, so as to promote hair health, maintain the soft and glossy hair.7. fat article - sleep can lose weight, the dream of easy weight loss has become a realityWeight loss requires burning fat (metabolic breakdown), collagen can make this catabolism process increase and prolong, burning more fat, so as to achieve weight loss purposes. And the repair function of collagen on cell will consume a large amount of heat, this function must be carried out during sleep after dinner, not to eat any food, drink 8 grams of small molecular collagen polypeptide, after go to bed immediately, so that the collagen peptide can activate fatty acid, so as to achieve significant weight loss, therefore, taking collagen polypeptide go to sleep, you can lose weight.The acid in ISWIA small molecule collagen peptide is a kind of amino acid with many important physiological functions and unique biological activity, which exists only in collagen. The principle of reducing weight and reducing blood lipids is that it can activate lipase activity and increase and prolong the metabolic process of this decomposed fat. The higher the hydroxyproline content is, the stronger the splitting abilityof adipocytes is. Hydroxyproline can significantly reduce nutritional obesity, reduce body fat, and this effect is not caused by appetite inhibition, reduce the amount of eating. This is obviously different from the current weight-loss drugs on the market, can be taken for a long time.EightBreast section - collagen supports human curve, straight and plump breastsThe interaction between collagen is a ubiquitous component of connective tissue, and it is an essential structural skeleton of organs and tissues. Collagen can promote in vivo, or to induce ISWIA small molecule collagen peptide with biological activity and biological function is very strong, it is involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, metastasis, skin, bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament and blood vessels to maintain a certain mechanical strength and elasticity.The female breast is mainly composed of glandular and connective tissue (collagen is the main component of connective tissue and adipose tissue composition) and breast full upright largely depend on the supporting connective tissue, connective tissue collagen and proteoglycans often intertwined into a network structure, supporting the body curve, reflecting the material basis of upright posture.9. muscle chapters -- shaping a strong and handsome bodySupplementation of small molecule collagen peptides promotesgrowth hormone secretion and muscle growth in adolescents at the growth stage. And for adults who want to keep shape, shape a firm, compact skin also need to add collagen peptide.10. othersCollagen can relieve all kinds of allergic symptoms, improve immunity, and prevent cancer. Taking collagen polypeptide every day, can promote health and prevent aging, allergies, obesity, thin drink infirmity can also be improved; on pollinosis, allergic dermatitis. Obesity, underweight, autonomic disorders, arrhythmia, gastrointestinal diseases, constipation, physical pain and so on, have good results.The long-term use of ISWIA small molecular collagen peptide can promote pancreatic insulin secretion and intestinal and gastric secretion of digestive enzymes, and can be used to chew cell and immunoglobulin in immune function overall enhance the human immune system can be increased at least 100 times.Human skin dermis 80% is composed of collagen, after 20 years of age, the body is no longer the synthesis of collagen (the key is the inability to synthesize hydroxyproline in collagen). Human body collagen can only continue to drain, especially in plateau areas of women, strong ultraviolet radiation, air drying and other direct reasons leading to loss of skin collagen faster, easier to aging.Ten wonders of collagen peptide1. compact skin, repair fine lines2. shrink pores, moisturizing replenishment3. beautiful skin, reversing aging4. firm bones to improve vision5. natural breast augmentation, sleep weight loss6. inhibit melanin, whitening the skin7. repair dermis, delay aging8. improve microcirculation, freckle lifting9. get rid of dark circles, eliminate bags under the eyes10. scavenging free radicals。
鱼类胶原蛋白及胶原活性多肽的研究进展
不具备原有胶原蛋白的功能，不能用于医用生物
材料［５】。许庆陵等人探索了热水法从鱿鱼皮中提 取胶原蛋白的制备技术，结果发现此方法提取胶 原蛋白最佳工艺的温度为８０℃【６ Ｊ。 １．１．４酸法提取胶原蛋白 酸法提取是利用一定浓度的酸溶液在一定的 条件下提取胶原蛋白，主要低离子浓度酸性条件 破坏分子间的盐键和希夫碱，而引起纤维膨胀、 溶解，溶剂使用的酸，主要有醋酸、盐酸、柠檬 酸等，采用酸法提取的胶原通常成为酸溶性胶原 蛋白（ａｃｉｄ—ｓｏｌｕｂｉｌｉｚｅｄ
ｃｏｌｌａｇｅｎ
ＡＳＣ）。酸溶解法
可将交联的胶原分子溶解出来，也可溶解含有醛 胺类交联键的胶原，但不适合从酮亚胺交联键 较为丰富的组织提取胶原，例如骨、软骨或来 自于年代较老动物的组织等。酸法是提取胶原 蛋白比较常用和有效的方法，用酸法提胶原最 大程度的保持了其三螺旋结构，适用于医用生 物材料及原料的制备。Ｔａｋｅｓｈｉ Ｎａｇａｉ等人利用 ０．５Ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的醋酸从金枪鱼、海鲈鱼、鲷等鱼皮、 鱼骨及鱼翅中提取胶原蛋白，并对其胶原蛋白 的性质进行了研究川。张培丽等研究了乙酸和 柠檬酸提取罗非鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼和鲫鱼鱼皮胶 原蛋白的工艺¨１。
鱼类胶原蛋白及胶原活性多肽的研究进展
郭玉华，刘扬瑞，李钰金
（泰祥集团，荣成２６４３０９）
摘要：胶原蛋白（Ｃｏｌｌａｇｅｎ）是一种高分子蛋白质，丝状的胶原蛋白纤维，能使皮肤保持结实而有弹 性。胶原蛋白由于其特有的生理活性及物理和化学特性，在医药、食品、化妆品等高附加值领域中得到广泛 应用。从水产品中获取胶原蛋白或制备胶原活性肽成为国内外研究的热点。随着我国渔业的发展，水产品的 综合利用也越来越引起人们的重视。在加工时产生出占鱼体总重约４０％～５５％的下脚料（包括鱼头、鱼皮、 鱼鳍、鱼尾、鱼骨及其残留鱼肉），而这些废弃物是制备胶原蛋白的优良原料，对这些废弃物的再利用，不 仅保护了环境还可提高水产品的附加值。本文简要介绍了来源于鱼类胶原蛋白的制备方法、种类、性质、鱼 类胶原蛋白的研究现状、鱼类胶原蛋白水解物中的活性肽、鱼类胶原蛋白及其肽的应用，并分析了鱼类胶原 蛋白开发前景。 关键词：鱼类；胶原蛋白；活性；肽 中图分类号：ＴＳ２０２．３ 文献标识码：Ａ 文章编号：１００６—２５１３（２０ｌＯ）０３一０１７５一０５
collagen
1.Collagens—general introduction
• The most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix are members of the collagen family. Collagens were once considered to be a group of proteins with a characteristic molecular structure with their fibrillar structures contributing to the extracellular scaffolding. Thus, collagens are the major structural element of all connective tissues and are also found in the interstitial tissue of virtually all parenchymal organs, where they contribute to the stability of tissues and organs and maintain their structural integrity.
2.Collagens—the basic structural module
• A structural prerequisite for the assembly into a triple helix is a glycine residue, the smallest amino acid, in every third position of the polypeptide chains resulting in a (Gly-X-Y)n repeat structure which characterizes the ‘‘collagenous’’ domains of all collagens. • The X and Y position is often occupied by proline and hydroxyproline.
胶原蛋白资料
胶原蛋白——人体皮肤的“骨架”胶原蛋白是人体皮肤的主要成分，英文学名Collagen，皮肤中胶原蛋白占了72％，真皮中80％是胶原蛋白，胶原蛋白在皮肤中构成了一张细密的弹力网，锁住水分，如支架般支撑着皮肤，承托着乳房，它使细胞胞浆丰满、水分充盈，皮肤充满弹性、润泽、细腻、光滑。
胶原蛋白的化学组成、结构赋予了它是美容的基础。
它具有美白、保湿、防皱、修复、营养、减肥等美容美体作用。
皮肤衰老过程，就是胶原蛋白流失的过程25岁以后，人体每日自身合成的胶原蛋白已无法补充当天的流失量，到40岁时，胶原蛋白含量不到18岁时的一半。
胶原蛋白的流失导致支撑皮肤的弹力网慢慢断裂，皮肤组织逐渐萎缩、塌陷，肌肤就会显现干燥、粗糙、松弛、皱纹、毛孔粗大、暗淡、色斑等衰老现象，及时补充胶原蛋白，是阻止肌肤衰老的制胜法宝，所以美容从补充胶原蛋白开始hever胶原蛋白的特点1）、对皮肤的作用：防止皮肤老化、润泽、平皱、美白肌肤的作用，使皮肤白晰紧致，水润饱满。
2）、对乳房的作用：胶原蛋白中独有的羟脯氨酸具能收紧结缔组织，使得松弛下垂的乳房变得丰满，挺拔和充满弹性。
3）、对骨骼的作用：使骨骼坚硬且柔韧，保持骨骼健康，有助于保持挺拔俊秀的身材和体态。
4）、对头发的作用：补充胶原蛋白能改善发质，使头发具有弹性，滋润和秀美。
5）、对眼睛的作用：胶原蛋白使眼睛清澈透亮，眼角膜保持透明，视力提高。
6）、提高免疫机能：增强免疫机能的方法很多，而其中一项有效方式是让免疫蛋白与胶原蛋白结合，当这项结合完成时，可增强人体的免疫力。
1、由于工作劳累，睡眠不足形成的皮肤晦暗无光、发黄、皮肤弹性差等皮肤衰老表现。
2、由于年龄、阳光照射因素引起的皮肤松弛、下垂、皱纹、干燥等皮肤衰老现象。
3、由于体内异常黑色素分泌旺盛，大量沉积于皮肤表面，肌肤不能及时代谢出异常黑色素，形成各种色斑。
如色斑、黄褐斑、雀斑、早期老年斑等。
4、由于长期户外活动及皮肤保养不当使肤质受到损伤，过早出现细纹、皮肤干燥、脱皮、红肿、毛孔粗大等不良状况。
小鼠中提collagen i蛋白方法-概述说明以及解释
小鼠中提collagen i蛋白方法-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述Collagen I是一种重要的结构蛋白，广泛存在于动物体内的各种组织中，包括皮肤、骨骼、肌肉和血管等。
它不仅在维持组织的结构完整性和稳定性方面起到关键作用，还参与许多生物过程，如细胞迁移、细胞黏附和组织修复等。
因此，对Collagen I的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。
目前，提取和纯化Collagen I蛋白的方法有很多种，但由于其在细胞外基质中的高丰度和结构上的复杂性，这些方法往往具有一定的复杂性和挑战性。
本文将重点介绍一种利用小鼠作为研究模型，成功提取和纯化小鼠中的Collagen I蛋白的方法。
本文将首先介绍提取小鼠中Collagen I蛋白的方法。
这涉及到从小鼠组织中获取Collagen I蛋白的样品，并对其进行初步的处理和纯化。
接下来，我们将详细介绍分离和纯化Collagen I蛋白的步骤。
这些步骤将包括多级的色谱层析和电泳技术，以确保最终获得高纯度的Collagen I蛋白样品。
通过采用上述方法，我们成功地提取和纯化了小鼠中的Collagen I蛋白，并经过进一步的分析和鉴定证实了其纯度和结构的正确性。
这一研究成果将有助于我们更深入地了解Collagen I蛋白的功能和作用机制，为相关疾病的治疗和组织工程领域的应用提供重要的基础。
综上所述，本文将介绍一种成功提取和纯化小鼠中Collagen I蛋白的方法。
通过这一方法，我们将为进一步的研究和应用提供有力的支持，推动Collagen I蛋白领域的深入发展。
1.2文章结构1.2 文章结构本文主要包括引言、正文和结论三个部分。
引言部分将概述研究背景和意义，介绍小鼠中Collagen I蛋白的研究现状，并指出本文的研究目的。
正文部分将分为两个主要方法进行阐述。
首先，方法一将详细介绍如何从小鼠身体中提取Collagen I蛋白，包括所需试剂和操作步骤等内容。
其次，方法二将详细介绍如何对提取的Collagen I蛋白进行分离和纯化的过程，包括采用的分离技术和纯化方法等。
胶原蛋白collagen
膠原蛋白是一種品質差的醣蛋白
其所含氨基酸主要為甘氨酸、脯氨酸及巠脯氨酸 等之非必需氨基酸，而後一氨基酸僅含於膠原蛋 白中，在一般動物性蛋白中並不存在，故定量巠 脯氨酸之含量可測知肉中之膠原蛋白含量。 含有較多膠原蛋白的結締組織會影響肉之好吃與 否，如結締組織含量多，則難咬，較不好吃，但 在年幼動物，雖亦含較多膠原蛋白，唯吃起來卻 較年老的動物嫩，此乃因年紀愈老，其膠原蛋白 分子中之交錯聯結愈多，在結構上比較堅固，吃 起來比較硬之故
膠原蛋白的結構
膠原的肽鏈，其胺基酸序列非常有特色。首先， 它富含甘氨酸和脯氨酸殘基，前者的含量達到總 胺基酸殘基的1/3後者則接近1/4；其次，序列 中含有不由DNA鹼基三聯密碼子編碼的羥丁氨酸 和羥脯氨酸，這兩種胺基酸是在蛋白質一級結構 序列形成之後由特定的酶作用於序列中的羥丁氨 酸和脯氨酸形成的；最後，它的序列中只含有很 少的酪氨酸殘基;並且不含有色氨酸和半胱氨酸 殘基。膠原蛋白一級結構的另一個特點是它的胺 基酸的排列。這些胺基酸一般以-甘氨酸-脯氨酸羥脯氨酸-三聯交替出現的順序排列。只有很少 的蛋白質有這樣規則的胺基酸排列。
膠原蛋白肽鏈的三股螺旋結構不同於普 通的α螺旋結構
在空間結構上，膠原蛋白顯示出特殊的三 股螺旋纏繞的結構，三條相互獨立的膠原 蛋白肽鏈依靠甘氨酸之間形成的氫鍵維繫 三股螺旋相互纏繞的結構。膠原蛋白肽鏈 的三股螺旋結構不同於普通的α螺旋結構， 它的螺距更大，但每一圈螺旋所包含的胺 基酸殘基數卻很小，僅為3.3個，因此膠 原蛋白的三股螺旋顯得細而長，螺旋中間 的空間很小，僅能容納一個氫原子，只有 甘氨酸能夠勝任這個位置。
甘氨酸-脯氨酸-羥脯氨酸
另外脯氨酸所特有的肽平面夾角也是形成 這種特殊螺旋結構的必須因素。這也是膠 原蛋白肽鏈中-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-羥脯氨酸三聯序列交替出現的原因。膠原蛋白這種 特殊的三股螺旋結構保證了它的機械強度。 這種三股螺旋被稱為原膠原。
collagen
在食品包装材料应用
• 胶原蛋白因其具有紧密的螺旋结构，从而显示出很强的韧 性和强度；氨基酸组成又使其具有优良的成膜能力，这些 有利条件都促使了其在食品包装材料中的应用。 • 胶原蛋白可制成的香肠肠衣、肉类、鱼类的包装纸、涂 抹层及可食包装膜，具有良好的杭拉强度、热封性、较高 的阻气、阻油、阻湿性能，可防止食品吸潮及干缩变形， 还可携带抗氧化剂和除菌剂，保证食品的新鲜度和天然风 味。用胶原蛋白制成的香肠肠衣、肉类包装纸等，有别的 包装材料不可比拟的特性:胶原蛋白与肉制品的热收缩率 基本一致，因此在加热处理过程中，能够有效避免肉制品 发生涨袋破裂的现象;同时，胶原蛋白还具有良好的染色 性，可用天然食用色素染成近似肌肉的颜色，增加了产品 的可接受性。
胶原蛋白是很多脊椎动物和无脊椎动物 体内含量最丰富的蛋白质。（约占体内蛋白质重量的25% 到30%，相当于体重的6%）胶原蛋白富含除色氨酸和半 胧氨酸外的18种氨基酸，其中维持人体生长所必需的氨基 酸有7种。所以胶原蛋白的来源和营养十分丰富。同时它 还有“骨中之骨，肤中之肤”之称，可提高免疫力，活化 细胞机能，止血等功能。
在饮料中的应用
• 目前鱼和猪的胶原蛋白是应用最为普遍的，将 其添加到食品中，有很多的保健功效和作用。并 且此种饮料往往走高端市场，特别针对需要补充 胶原蛋白的特殊人群和女性群体。例如:FANCLE 的Deluxe Tense up果味饮料(含有胶原蛋白)和纽 崔莱的胶原蛋白片。除此之外，鱼胶是国际上公 认的最高级的胶澄清剂，在啤酒和葡萄酒行业， 鱼胶和明胶作为沉降、澄清剂，可以取得十分好 的效果，产品质量也非常稳定。在果酒酿造过程 中也起到增稠剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、澄清剂等作 用。
胶原蛋白在食品行业中的应用
• 胶原蛋白含有除色氨酸之外的所有氨基酸， 具有很高的营养价值;胶原蛋白具有天然的 紧密的纤维结构，显示出很强的韧性和强 度；胶原蛋白是强力的保护胶体，乳化力 强，既有助于食物消化，又可抑制牛奶、 豆浆等蛋白质因胃酸而引起的凝聚作用， 这些特性使其能很好的应用于食品工业中。
胶原蛋白定义
胶原蛋白的定义范围原蛋白（也称胶原）是细胞外基质的一种结构蛋白质，英文名"collagen”，由希腊文演化而来，多糖蛋白，呈白色，含有少量的半乳糖和葡萄糖，是细胞外基质（ECM）的主要成分，约占胶原纤维固体物的85%。
胶原蛋白是动物体中普遍存在的一种大分子蛋白，主要存在于动物的结缔组织（骨、软骨、皮肤、腱、韧等）中，占哺乳动物体内蛋白质的25%〜30%,相当于体重的6%。
在很多海洋生物，如鱼类的皮，占其蛋白质含量甚至高达80%以上。
对机体和脏器起着支持、爱护、结合以及形成界隔等作用。
除了生物力学方面的以外，还具有诸如信号转导、生长因子与细胞因子的运输等功能。
畜禽源动物组织始终是人们猎取自然胶原蛋白及其胶原肽的主要途径，但由于疯牛病（BSE）、口蹄疫（FMD）、禽流感等疾病的发生，使人们对陆生哺乳动物胶原蛋白及其制品的平安性产生了质疑，此外来源于牲畜的胶原蛋白在信仰伊斯兰教等地区的应用受到了限制。
正在逐步转向海洋生物中开发胶原蛋白。
虽然欧洲食品平安局（EFSA）已证明了即使是动物骨骼来源的胶原蛋白也是平安的，不存在感染疯牛病和其它相关疾病的可能。
由于氨基酸组成和交联度等方面的差异，使得水产动物尤其是其加工废弃物一皮、骨、鳞中所含有的丰富的胶原蛋白具有很多牲畜胶原蛋白所没有的优点，如肯定的凝胶性、高度的分散性、低粘度性、吸水性、持水性以及乳化性等，此外人们发觉来源于海洋动物的胶原蛋白在一些方面明显优于陆生动物的胶原蛋白，比如具有低抗原性、低过敏性、变性温度低、可溶性高、易被蛋白酶水解等特性。
因此水产胶原蛋白可能逐步替代陆生动物胶原蛋白。
胶原蛋白种类较多，常见类型为I型、11型、In型、V型和XI型，胶原蛋白因具有良好的生物相容性、可生物降解性以及生物活性，比如低抗原性、在体内易被人体汲取、能促进细胞成活与生长、促进血小板分散等在食品、医药、组织工程、化妆品等领域获得广泛的应用。
它不仅可以作为保健食品、美容产品、包装材料，还可以作为食品添加剂应用在肉制品改良、冷冻食品、饮料、糕点以及乳制品等中。
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Figure 1. collagen
1.1 Characteristics of collagen
• Collagen has very good tensile strength - it is one of the long fibrous structural proteins that gives cells structure from the outside, as well as supporting the majority of the body's tissues. • Collagen contains three-stranded helical segments of similar structure. The rare abundance of the three amino acids glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, give collagen its triple-helical structure.
Collagen
College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Jilin Univቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrsity guopeng
1 What is collagen? 2 How to use collagen? 3 How to extract collagen?
1 What is collagen?
• Collagen is a type of protein. Fibrous in nature, it connects and supports other bodily tissues, such as skin, bone, tendons, muscles, and cartilage. It also supports the internal organs and is even present in teeth. There are more than 25 types of collagens that naturally occur in the body. • Collagen is one of the most plentiful proteins present in the bodies of mammals, including humans. In fact, it makes up about 25 percent of the total amount of proteins in the body. Some people refer to collagen as the glue that holds the body together. Without it, the body would, quite literally, fall apart.
methods
• Salt precipitation method One of the procedures of salt extractions based on the treatment of tendon pieces with neutral salt solutions, as 0.05 M Na2HPO4, pH = 8.7-9.1. Afterwards collagen was isolated by the gradual increase of the sodium chloride concentration by the addition of 4M NaCl, 50C. The supernatant, contained the salt-soluble fraction of collagen, was dialyzed vs 0.01M Na2HPO4 .
2 Uses of Collagen
• Cosmetic procedures • Heart valves • Collagen skin creams • Gelatin ……
3 Collagen extraction
Materials
Figure 3. Striped catfish (Pangasianodonhypophtalmus)
• Method of acid isolation The procedure is based on the extraction of tendon pieces with organic acid, with 0.5M CH3COOH in the presence of 35mM EDTA, pH = 2.5-3 for 48-96 h at 40C. The supernatant, that contained acid-soluble fraction of collagen, was dialyzed vs 0.05M Na2HPO4.
Fig 4. Phases of collagen isolation from tendon
Thank you
• Method of enzyme isolation The procedure is based on the extraction of tendon pieces in organic acid (0.5M CH3COOH) in the presence of 5mM EDTA and pepsin with concentration 0.05 g per 100g of tissue, pH = 2.5-3.0 for 48-96 h at 40C.
Figure 2. Structure of Collagen (Bella et al., 1994)
1.2 Functions of Collagen
• There are over 28 different types of collagen. Collagen fibers give strength and structure to many different parts of the body. It is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix, which is the defining feature of connective tissues in humans and other mammals. • Collagen is necessary for conserving the youthfulness of skin and attenuating wrinkles, it is also essential for the elasticity of the connective tissue of the skin, allowing it to expand and contract without damaging any tissue.