大学英语四级考试资料很详细

大学英语四级考试资料很详细
大学英语四级考试资料很详细

英语四级复习大全

第一章听力理解

第一节听力题型改革概述

听力比例由原来的20%提升到35%:短对话部分由原来的10题减至8题;增加两篇长对话,题量在3至4题每篇,一共7题;短文(俗称“段子题”)仍为3篇,题量在3至4题每篇,一共10题;复合式听写保持不变。以上4个听力部分中,短对话和长对话的分值一共占15%,而短文和复合式听写的分值一共占20%。听力题材涉及的范围更加广泛,形式灵活多样,包括对话、讲座、广播电视节目等等。

第二节听力题型概述及应试策略

一、关于对话题

(一) 长短对话听力题改革与分析

1. 听力短对话部分虽然由原先的10题改为8题,但就其题目特点与解题思路而言与以往的老题型没有太大的差异。这些题目一如既往地贯彻了以往的几大常见考点:

·转折引起的作者态度及谈论重点的变化;

·对现象原因的阐述与补充;

·反问句式、反意疑问句式的考察:反问和反意疑问在四级考试中永远以一种无疑而问的形式出现,这次依然用了这样的一个形式。因此,只要能很好把握其“无疑而问”的特点,就能方便解题。当然也应该注意到,反问句往往作为加强语气的建议句型出现的这一考点。

·建议句型的考察:建议句型往往是比较复杂的考点之一,因为句型相对比较多,而且隐蔽性比较强。

·场景、人物关系的推测;

·语音语调的考察。

综上所述,试点考试将依然遵循以往的考试规律和特点,一脉相承。但所谓的短对话却也越来越长,这也体现了现在考试在句型句式、言外之意和内容复杂化三个方面的发展趋势。

2. 听力长对话并不可怕,它结合了短对话对问答句式,建议请求,和关键场景赐予的考察和长段子对文章层次和理解能力的要求。所以做这样的题目往往需要具备综合的素质,既要注意其中的细节,又要注意整体的把握,还要能够应付7道题目的题量,这比以往的四级题目对综合能力的要求显著提高了。

(二) 长短对话听力技巧

应注意以下几点:

1. 提前阅读选项,判断问题所属,从而集中精力于有关信息。

2. 注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等。

当同学们看到四个地点和职业名词时,大脑中就应该马上出现与这些地点或职业相关的一系列词语,在听的过程中注意提到了什么信息词语,这样就可轻松地判断谈话发生的地点,说话人的职业或身份,以及谈话双方的关系。

为此,同学们有必要了解与各种职业和地点行业有关的信息词汇,如:

饭店:menu, order, waitress, waiter, take order, go Dutch, It's my treat等;

旅馆:check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk等;

医院:physician, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, visiting hours, prescribe等;

银行:open an account, withdraw, deposit, saving, cash a check等;

飞机/机场:safety-belt, boarding card, captain, airhostess, airline, take off, land, crash等。

3. 注意加减运算,听到的不是答案

在涉及时间、距离、金钱等数量概念的听力中,一般都要求同学们进行加减方面的运算,很少是听到什么就是什么。有时,计算可能会麻烦些,同学们可以先将听到的时间等记下,等有时间在计算。在计算题中应特别注意以下数字的读音差别:

13---30;14-40;15 --- 50;16 --- 60;17 -70;18 -80;19 -90

选项中会有这种数字读音差别的考查。如:

W: when does the next train leave?

M: You have just missed one by 5 minutes. Trains leave every 50 minutes, so you'll have to wait for a while.

Q: How long does the woman have to wait for the next train?

A. 45 minutes

B. 50 minutes

C. 10 minutes

D. 5 minutes

如果把50minutes 听成了15 minutes,就会误选C。

4. 注意记笔记,将人物、地点、时间等对号入座

听力测试中的另外一种现象就是,四个选项中的人物、地点、时间或事件等在对话中可能都有提及。在这种情况下,同学们所需要的不是寻找信息词,而是注意将四个选项与对话中提及的信息对号入座。如:

(1) W: Do you enjoy life in Washington?

M: Yes, indeed. I'm planning to move to New Y ork or Boston. Anyway, I've never regretted my earlier decision.

Q: Where does the man live now?

A. In New York

B. In boston

C. In New port

D. In Washington

四个地点对话中提到了三个,具体是哪一个,同学们在听的时候应注意分辨。

(2) M: Please buy two packs of cigarettes for me while you are at the store.

W: I am not going to any store. I'm going to see Aunt Mary. But I will get them for you at the gas station.

Q: Where will the woman stop on her way?

A. At a cigarette store.

B. At a bus station.

C. At a gas station.

D. At Aunt Mary's

如果地点不含职业性的对比,一般就很可能属于这里所介绍的类型,那么同学们所做的就是分别。

5. 从语法入手、从短语含义入手,判断隐含之意

四级听力中常考查的语法是建议和虚拟语气。要求同学们判断建议是什么,虚拟中含义是什么。就建议而言,同学们只需注意建议的各种表达方式,就可解答这类听力题;至于虚拟语气,我想同学们可以记住这样一条规律:与所听到的相反的就是答案。

6. 概括与具体,具体与抽象相对,概括的、抽象的是解

这类题主要是话题的选择,也包括一些对整个事件的评价等。如:

(1) W: We all talk about how liberated we are, but in fact woman are still not treated equally.

M: I don't think so. You've got the vote, you've got your careers I think you've got everything important.

Q: What are they talking about?

A. The woman's job as a librarian.

B. Woman's rights in society.

C. An important election.

D. Career planning.

谈论的话题应是一个抽象的概括性的东西,所以答案是B。

(2) M: This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years. It has caused much damage and destruction. W: Look at the price of fruits and vegetables. No wonder they are expensive.

Q: What are they talking about?

A. The effects of the flood.

B.The heroic fight against flood.

C. The cause of the flood.

D.Floods of the past twenty years.

能够概括对话中物价上涨的应该是A。

7. 肯定与不肯定相对,含义不肯定的是解

这一技巧用于解答说话者言外之意的听力题。如:

(1) W: I intend to buy some fruits for the children. These apples and pears seem to be in season. I'll get

two dozen of each.

M: I hope they're as good as they look.

Q: What does the man mean?

A. The apples and pears might no be so good.

B. The apples are not as good as the pears.

C. The apples and pears are very good.

D. The apples and pears are as good as they look.

hope的使用说明答案应该是不太可能的选项,自然是A。

(2) W: If this weather keeps up, I'm going to have to buy a warmer coat.

M: Sounds like a good idea. Spring is still a long way off, you know.

Q: What does the man mean?

A. The woman should wait to buy new clothes.

B. The cold weather will probably continue.

C. The weather will warm up soon.

D. He already has a warm coat.

Sounds like a good idea说明了语气的不可能,答案应该是B。

8. “同意”是解

一般情况下,如果四个选项中有一个表示“同意”的概念,那么,此选项就是正确选项。如:

(1) W: It's a wonderful film, isn't it?

M: You can say that again.

Q: What does the man mean?

A. He agrees with the woman.

B. He didn't hear what the woman said.

C. He is surprised by her opinion.

D. He thinks she should look at it again.

请同学们注意以下表示同意对方观点的常用语。如果听到这些,就可以选择含有“同意”的选项:

You said it.

You can say that again.

You are telling me.

You may/might well say so.

I'll say.

I couldn't agree more.

二、关于段子题

改革与分析:从出题的形式,考察的重点,以及题目的数量来看都和原来考察的题目一模一样。

(一) 短文听力的体裁和题材

从历年四级听力短文题材体裁分布情况看,四级听力短文的体裁主要是记叙文和说明文,而题材出现频率最高的是小故事,几乎每年都有一篇。幽默小故事一般以记叙文的方式出现,这类文章有一定的情节,比较有趣,浅显易懂。应该特别注意人物的语言,同时捕捉并记录可以回答who, what, when, where, how and why等问题的有关信息,从而抓住故事发展的脉络,理解全文。人物传记属于记叙文,一般是对真人真事的记叙,大多记叙中外历史上一些杰出的政治家、科学家、文艺家的生平事迹或事业上的成就,也可以继续普通人物的特殊经历和业绩。应该特别注意人物的生卒年月地点、主要业绩年代,以及对人物的社会评价,这些一般都是明显的考点。

说明文也是常见的体裁。它通常是用来说明一些科普知识、生活常识或社会问题。说明文中科普短文比较多,不像小故事,缺乏趣味性,一般比较难懂。有时短文的句子结构较为复杂,有时会夹杂一些专业术语,这都增添了短文的难度。

风土人情类文章包括对英美等西方国家的机构设施介绍以及西方文学艺术的说明,真题中涉及过的主题多种多样,如英国监狱介绍、伦敦出租车司机情况、吉普赛人的历史、美洲农作物历史、著名作家及其作品等。而学校教育类文章也着重于英美教育体系的介绍,如英语学习和教育情况、美国学校教育制度、图书馆使用介绍等。

日常生活类文章包括以说明文形式描述的日常使用的生活用品,如电脑、服饰、书籍等,以及以议论文形式表述的日常生活中经常谈论的话题和活动,如家庭生活、独生子女、税收等。

(二) 短文听力提问方式及应试策略

短文听力的提问方式最常见的有4种类型。

1. 中心思想题。这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。

提问方式有:What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this passage?

What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about? 等等。

做这一类题时一定要注意集中精力听好短文的开头,因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山,把中心思想置于文章的开头。另外,如果文中反复出现同一词汇或同一类词汇,同样也值得我们特别注意,因为包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地体现中心思想,通常就是正确答案。

2. 事实细节题。所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等,问题一般

为wh-question的形式。

这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感,及时做好笔记;另外,文中一旦出现以因果连词(如because, so, due to等)和转折连词(如but, however, though等)引导的句子也要格外留心,这些地方往往就是考点。

3. 对错判断题。这类题常用以下提问方式:Which of the following is true/not true, according to the

passage? Which of the following is not mentioned? 等等。

听到这类题时,一定要听清提问,对于有没有not一词要弄清楚。一般情况下,not一词会重读。

4. 推理推测题。这类题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断,才能做出正确的选择。提问方式

有:What can be inferred from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem…? What does the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about…?等等。

做这类题时一定要注意与短文内容一样的不是推断,而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来推断。

(三) 短文听力答题步骤

先浏览分析选择项,在此基础上猜测测试的内容及题型;然后带着问题去认真聆听材料,并有针对性地记录题目中涉及到的信息点;最后根据所给的提问,快速选择答案,其中考生一定要注意跟上录音节奏,决不可出现为了某一个词而停下来揣摩许久的情况。因此听的时候,即使遇到生词听不懂意思,或者是“似曾相识”但一时想不起来的词,一定不要停下来,而是必须继续往后听,或许听到后面,一下会恍然大悟,即使某一个或几个词听不懂,大多数情况也无大碍。

下面以实例具体说明做题步骤:

第一步:浏览分析选项,抓住高频词,概括文章梗概。(预测法)

1.A. The silk T-shirt in white color

B. The cotton T-shirt with a slogan on picture

C. The nylon T-shirt worn on playground

D. The wool T-shirt worn for work

2. A. T-shirts feel soft and wash well

B. T-shirts are smart and comfortable

C. T-shirts go well with trousers

D. T-shirts are suitable for evening

3. A. New technology is being employed

B. Advertisements are being widely used

C. New designs are being adopted

D. More synthetic materials are being introduced

我们可以在听录音读Section B前一大段答题要求时快速浏览一下此题各选项。很显然,T-shirt 是出现最多的一个词,这样我们就能大致预测出短文的大意:介绍T恤衫。再具体地看各题的选项。

第一题的四个选择项分别是“白色丝织T恤”,“有文字和图案的棉T恤”,“运动场上穿的尼龙T恤”,“工作时穿的羊毛面料的T恤”。说的是各种T恤的质地,材料,图案及用途。因此,听材料时需要留意相关部分。

第二题四个选项都说的是T恤的特点,如“感觉柔软,洗涤方便”,“美观舒适”,“便于搭配裤装”,“适于晚上穿着”。那么材料中究竟提到哪几项或者会在怎样的情况下提到哪几项呢,需要到时仔细听并稍作归纳和总结。另外,可能还要特别注意一下提问,因为提问方式也许会是:“Which of the following is NOT mentioned?”

第三题四个选项分别是“采用了新技术”,“大量的广告宣传”,“采用新的设计”,“引入更多的合成材料”,对于这些选项,较为合理的提问方式也许是:T恤的发展状况如何,为什么T恤会更受欢迎等。这样我们就基本能预测出文章大致讲了哪几部分内容了。

第二步:仔细听录音,注意记录相关信息。(笔记法+模糊法)

下面是原文材料:

For many years T-shirts were simple short-sleeved undershirts for men and boys. T-shirts used to be of one color —white. Today the T-shirt has become fashionable. It can be seen everywhere and on anyone. Women and little children wear T-shirts, so do teenagers, university students and men from all walks of life. T-shirts are worn on the playground, at the beach or in town. They can also be worn for work. Yet, T-shirts remain relatively inexpensive and long wearing as well as easy to care for: smart but comfortable and convenient to wear, they have become one of America’s newest ideas on fashion.

Although T-shirts are now available in wide variety of bright materials and styles, the most popular kind is the traditional cotton T-shirts with a slogan on picture printed on the front. A T-shirt may bear a simple word, a popular phrase, and pictures of popular singers or an advertisement. As T-shirts are becoming more and more popular, new designs are coming up all the time.

第三步:听清提问,确定答案。(预测法+排除法)

以下是三个问题:

1. What’s the most popular kind of T-shirt?

2. Why do people like to wear T-shirts so much today?

3. What’s being done to make T-shirts more attractive?

在听的过程中通过不数地核实信息,再根据后面的提问,我们就能很快地选出各题正确答案,文章倒数第3句是与第1个问题直接对应的信息,并且还有很明显的most popular kind语句,只要在听的过程中听懂了这一句,就能马上选出B为正确答案。而且,倒数第2句还具体讲了这种T恤的款式,可以帮助确认信息。smart but comfortable and convenient to wear, they have become one of America’s newest ideas on fashion是对第2个问题的直接回答,听清了这一句,就能选出B为正确答案。第3题,文章最后一句直接与提问对应。正确答案为C。

(四) 短文听力备考训练方法

一般说来,短文听力备考训练必须抓住竖听和横听两点结合来进行。所谓竖听,是指一套题目从头听到尾,从第一题听到最后一题。所谓横听,是指把相同题材和体裁的文章放在一块

对照比较着听,从而迅速抓住同类型文章的规律,真正做到以不变应万变。

考生可以在历年考题中选取10-20篇不同题材和不同体裁的文章,依据以下几个步骤,横竖结合来进行精听训练。

Step 1:第一遍听磁带时认真做题,对所选取的每段文章都认真仔细,注意时间,模拟考场氛围。做完以后还需注意统计对错个数,并分析选项设置特点,练习快速扫描选项的能力。

Step 2:脱离文字材料再听4-5遍磁带。此时绝对不允许照着文字材料听,应该反复使用录音机上的重复键,尽最大努力听懂全文内容。听第5遍或第6遍的时候,可以一边听一边将全文笔录下来,然后对照文字材料,看看笔录有什么问题,分析听不懂的原因,是语音、词汇还是语法?然后有的放矢地加以解决。

Step 3:在足够熟悉此段落中的内容后,打开文字材料,一边听录音一边看,并在段落中相应考点和问题答案,仔细体会,分析自己为什么被某些干扰项误导。

Step 4:跟着磁带大声朗读,以提高自己的语速。如果自己的语速能基本跟上听力材料的语速,再做同类型题目,困难就不大了。

另外,大家在练习中一定要养成良好的习惯,尽量避免:

1. 鸵鸟式听法。很多同学听力过程中没有动手的习惯,听就是听,在做题时才努力回忆与该题

有关的信息。甚至有同学喜欢闭着眼睛听或者把头低下来,伏在桌子上听,并认为这样注意力更集中,但这样往往容易走神,听的效率非常低。

2. 多而不精。对于已经听过的材料,很多同学都很少再听,这是一个错误的观念。片面追求练

习的量,并不能有效提高做听力题时的悟性,必须用心去感受才能收到显著的效果。

3. 不愿对着文字材料大声朗读,认为听力就是听力,没有必要和朗读口语联系起来。其实听力

考的是口头语言,口语提高了,听力也就自然而然上去了。同时朗读可以培养正确的语音语调,可以加强我们对文章的领悟力。

4. 训练时间安排不得当。听力训练需要思想高度集中,故时间安排以每天精神最佳时候为宜。

时间不宜过长,每次连续听半小时到一小时就可。另外,由于听力是一种习惯成自然的技巧训练,所以最好每天安排一段时间,切忌三天打鱼,两天晒网。

总之,四级短文听力并不可怕,如果我们能够宏观把握,平时坚持"用心去听",我们肯定能够从不同角度、不同层次提高自己的英语语言能力。

三、关于复合式听写

(一) 改革与分析

复合式听写就其本身形式与考点而言没有作太大改变,尤其是词汇听写部分,秉承了以往一贯的考试特点与出题作风:

·词汇类型:

历年来复合式听写中词汇部分基本为实词。除1998年1月考过一个despite以外到目前为止都是对实词的考察。

·名词的单复数:

名词的单复数问题一直是复合式听写考察名词的一个重点。其问题不仅出现在听力上,也考察考生的语法功底,因为单复数问题往往是听写检查工作中至关重要的一个部分,语法功底薄弱的考生往往在检查时将正确答案改错,这样的例子屡见不鲜。

·同音、近音词分辨:

同音词一直是听写部分最大的障碍之一。同音词涉及的范围很广,很多时候是考生无法想象得到的。

·难词考察:

四级词汇从广义上来说包括了四级本身以及四级前所有词汇,所谓难词一般是指在四级内而不属于四级前的词汇或四级考生一般不太熟悉的词汇,这些词往往是四级考试词汇部分的重点考察对象,而听力中也时不时涉及一些来考察考生对这些单词的掌握能力,当然,这里所说的掌握是从听力角度而言的,而不是仅仅停留在认知或理解层面的,至少是在听到后第一时间能反应出该词的一种能力的体现。

·容易拼写错误的单词:

拼写错误在复合式听写中自然是不被允许的,所以一些拼写比较奇怪,或者容易拼写错误的词汇也常常成为我们的考点,虽然不是很突出,但也不容忽视。

·词性变换使用:

利用考生对词汇使用和理解的片面性,考察考生对词汇的全面运用的把握。这类词往往以考生所不熟悉的用法出现,从而体现考生的真实能力。

复合式听写的句子部分仍为3句,长度仍然没有超过25词,样卷中最长一句为23词,而最短一句为16词,可以说与以往考试相仿,但句子本身难度有所提升,当然,这与文章本身难度的提升是不可分割的。

总之,复合式听写完全是体现考生真实水平的一个项目,需通过广泛涉猎各类体裁内容文章(以说明、议论文为主,记叙文为辅,结合新闻题材)经过日积月累的听写训练后方可收放自如,VOA、BBC、VOA Special甚至历年考题中的短文和复合式听写内容都不失为相当优秀的训练素材。

(二)“复合式听写”应试方法

1. 通过卷面文字捕捉信息,找出线索、了解大意

“复合式听写”材料多为说明文(Exposition),这一体裁的文章具有主题突出,条理分明,层次清楚、语言简洁、逻辑性强的特点。文章的开头或段首多半有主题句(topic sentence),之后的段、句进一步具体扩展、说明或论证主题句。根据“复合式听写”样题,听写第二部分二、三自然段首和段尾均有完整的主题句。考生应利用一切机会,如考前空隙或播放考试指令时间,浏览试卷该项下文字部分,尤其是主题句,根据主题句预测文章发展线索和大意。

以四级改革样题为例,根据第二段未题句“Often people like to take with them a gift for the host's wife of a party they have been invited to.”及"Again, you may choose something for the host's wife alone or for the entire family." 考生不难推测所记要点应是做客时,客人应带些什么礼品及所赠对象,而决不会涉及做客时应穿什么样的服装或到、离主人家时间等方面的内容,这样便增强了考生对文章的认知度)熟悉感。缩小了内容范围,考生听音时更具针对性和准确性,心理放松,更为自信,使自己在考试中处于主动地位。

即使“复合式听写”材料为其它体裁的文章,听音前浏览下试题也大大有裨益。因为文章具有一致性和连贯性的特点,从试题中我们总会搜索到一些有参考价值的材料。

2、听写结合,双管齐下

根据“复合式听写”新题型通知说明,第一遍是全文朗读,要求考生注意听懂全文内容。由于听音前考生已浏览了卷面文字,对听力材料有了大致的了解,因此听读第一遍时,考生可以适当地填写些单词和做些笔记,听为主,记为辅。要做好“复合式听写”,考生需多多实践,获

取较强的边听边记能力。听音贯穿着期待、预知、分析、综合、推理和判断等一系列过程,考生应同时快速记下几个关键词,专注地去听,获取信息理解全文。

听写中边听边记具有必要性;听和记两种不同的语言技能在“复合式听写”中有着紧密的联系,相互促进。第一遍记下关键词有助于第二遍听写时启发记忆,提示要点,同时也减轻了第二遍笔记的任务,使笔记更加充实、完整,依次与出的内容要点才会更加全面、准确。另一方面,边听边记也具有可行性。只要多加练习,其实也不难做到。

3. 提高记笔记的效率

一般考生听完两遍基本可听懂句意;但只凭记忆写要点,往往容易有疏漏和错误。足够信息量的笔记是写好要点的重要条件;如何在有限的时间内记下更多的内容?

首先,使用缩略语。如,用esp. 代especially,sth代something, apprec代appreciation等。

没有缩略语的词汇,如字母较少的单词,可完整写出该词,如gift,take,字母较多的单词(只写该词前几个字母)。缩略语不一定要求规范,甚至可用些符号,所记内容不一定要求完整,只要能起到提示的作用,自己能看懂就行。

其次,由于“复合式听写”第二部分朗读时没有停顿,即使用缩略语也难记下全文,因此考生应有选择地记笔记。英语中实词具有表意功能,所记词应以实词为主。

另外,因为“复合式听写”第二部分只要求写出内容要点,这样考生应重点记下句中的中心词。(同样以样题为例)短语a thank-you gift,greatly appreciated和quite acceptable中的定、状语便可略去不记。

通过这几种方法,考生压缩了所记的词语,赢得了时间,精练了内容,增大了笔记的信息量,为写好内容要点创造了条件。

4. 书面表达内容要点

“复合式听写”全文朗读两遍后停顿五分钟,让考生根据所听和所记内容写出第二部分主要意思。答题时,考生应针对以上内容及第一部分和第二部分的主题句进行诊折、判断、概括。

文章要点显然不可缺漏,但也无需有闻必录,多多益善,考生应分清主次,有所取爱。从这个意义上说,“复合式听写”还要求考生具有一定的逻辑分、归纳能力。文字表达应简洁、通顺、准确。

5. 检查、核对内容要点

“复合式听写”第三遍朗读供考生进行核对,核对是最后必不可少的环节,考生应抓住时机弥补前两遍听音时所忽略或遗漏的内容,进一步修改和完善答案。

听写第一部分要求考生填入所缺单词,有时考生只凭辩音仍难以准确地判断出应为何词,此时考生可运用自己的语言知识,修正听力细节上的不足。主要从语法结构、词语搭配、意义连贯、上下文等多角度去推测、分析和判断;并正确拼写出单词。而在核对听写第二部分内容要点表达时、则应注意力求要点完整、准确,尽量减少语言中语法、拼写等错误。

总之,听写是一种有效的综合性测试,它不仅考查学生词汇量、拼写、句法、听力、理解、记笔记和一定的书面表达等方面的要素和技能,还考验学生的心理素质。所以考生在加强自己英语水平的同时,还应该本着沉着应战的状态去应试。

第二章阅读理解

第一节阅读理解十大解题技巧

根据四级英语大纲的阅读技能要求和文章的特点以及题目设置的方式,可以将阅读理解的题型分为以下十种类型,针对不同题目类型总结出十大解题技巧:

(一)细节事实题

这是四级英语阅读中数量最多、也最重要的一种题型,可以从下列几个方面把握:

1. 题型特点

根据文章中具体细节信息做出提问。细节事实题的考查内容和形式可以归纳为二种类型:

(1)According型:题干一般围绕5W和1H而展开。即who,what,where,when,why,how;

(2)隐含的事实和细节型:需要在读懂全文的基础上,综合概括作者展示的各种细节。

2. 标志

(1)题干中明确提到人名、地名、数字时间等细节性信息;

(2)往往针对文章中可以定位的一句话或几句话设计问题;

(3)题干和选项之间有时是因果关系。

3. 关键词

包括数字、时间、专有名词——如人名、地名、学科名词或带引号的词。

4. 命题模式

According to the passage / the author,who(what, where, which, when, why, how etc。)

5. 做题关键:准确定位、返回原文。

(1)根据题干中的明确关键词返回原文;

(2)根据题干中的重点词或其同义词(如名词、动词、形容词等)返回原文;

(3)根据原文中的特殊语言现象,要善于利用因果、类比、时间、空间的关系将零碎的细节组成

一个逻辑分明的有机体。如转折词but、however、yet等定位。

6. 做题步骤

(1)根据段落中主题句的名词粗略确定段落内容方向;

(2)利用题干提问的内容,大致定位对应的段落;

(3)利用题干中的重要信息词准确确定相关信息句,进行判断并确定细节题的正确答案。

7. 注意事项

干扰选项的特征:

(1) 正反混淆选项的内容和作者在原文中提到的信息相反。

(2)偷换概念选项提到了原文的内容,但是却将原文对应部分中的另一个关键词或短语换成了意思不同的其他词汇。

(3) 无中生有就是说选项中出现了原文没有提到或推导不出的形容词或名词。

(4) 因果倒置选项中涉及的两部分之间的因果关系与原文所说的因果关系正好相反,将原文的因换成了果或者将原文的果换成了因。

(5) 扩大范围将原文的特指(只适用于部分的情况)变为泛指(适用于全部的情况)。例如,

在选项中出现表示泛指的复数名词作主语时,要注意该名词在原文的范围。如果选项中所说的情况只适用于主语所指的一部分,那么这一选项就是干扰选项。注意,上述干扰选项的特征也适用于判断其他题型的干扰选项。

(二)中心主旨题

该类题型考查了考生综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力,要求考生通过对文章的阅读,迅速

把握文章或段落的中心主旨。该类题型在历年题型中出现的频率极高,每年必出。中心主旨题可以分为文章主旨和段落主旨两种。

1. 题型特点

命题方式中含有“main idea,subject,purpose”等词。

2. 标志

题干中出现下列词之一:best title,main idea,main problem,mainly about,mainly discuss,mainly deal with或问本文的写作目的的词(purpose,the author intends to…)。

3. 关键句

文章首段的句子以及各段的首末句。

4. 命题模式

(1) The passage is mainly about。

(2) Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the passage ?

(3) The best title for this passage might be。

(4) What is the main idea of the passage ?

5. 做题关键

这种题目应主要看篇章中的主题句或者是从篇章的结构入手,利用推理能力,对文章信息进行系统分析,归纳总结,从而得出主题。

6. 做题步骤

(1) 运用宏观阅读技巧做题,就是根据文章结构判断主题。

(2) 运用首段和首末句信息做题。就是说综合各段的首末句的内容,可以得出主题。注意:只看首段有时容易以偏概全,因为首段有时只是在引出文章主体之前起抛砖引玉的作用。

(3) 运用写作方法做题。2003年以后的文章,以报刊文章为主,文章首段常以类比、故事、今昔对比等方式引出主题。问文章使用的写作方法时,正确答案一般是类比等;问使用类比、故事、今昔对比等写作方法的目的时,正确答案是引出主题。

(4) 运用快速构思成文法进行判断。在两个选项难以分辨时可以分别以它们为题,在脑海中快速构思两个写作提纲,若所构思提纲与原文内容大致吻合者为正确答案,否则为干扰选项。

(三)词汇题

1. 题型特点

词义题的考查有两种:一是超纲词含义的推断,另一个是熟词僻义或是在特定场合的意思。

2. 标志

题干中具体给出原文中某处的单词或短语,要求推测其意思。

3. 关键词

能帮助读者猜测词义的上下文线索通常有定义、重述、解释、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词或标点符号等等。如通常使用信号词,如is,are,is(are) called,mean,refer to,known as 等来引导定义。

4. 命题模式

(1) The word “…”(in line…)most probably means 。

(2) From the passage, we can infer that the word “…”is 。

(3) From the first paragraph, we learn that。

5. 做题关键

注意单词所在的上下文,尤其是上下句。假如所考单词是常见词汇,那么其字面意思一定不是正确答案,要根据上下文得出其在特定场合更深刻的意思,该含义也许和其字面意思没有任何的关系。

猜测词义的方法:(1)构词法:根据词根,词缀判断词义;(2)词性加搭配:先判断生词在文章中

大学英语四级试卷)

大学英语四级期末试卷 Part I: Multiple choice 20% Directions:For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet. 1. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially _____. A. constructive B. feasible C. favorable D. stiff 2. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is ____ from the list for promotion. . A. eliminated B. retreated C. pried D. wrenched 3. We need someone really ____ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.. A. crucial B. realistic C. essential D. efficient 4. I am pleased to hear of your job offer-all that hard work at school has obviously __. A. paid off B. taken its toll C. made a difference D. shown up 5. As a reporter, I was paid to __ into other people’s lives. A. pry B. convert C. blurt D. carve 6. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting ___ services. . A. essential B. appropriate C. equivalent D. lucrative 7. The doctor ___ Billy’s operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger. A. went after B. followed up C. started up D. took on 8. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and__ increase its market power. A. therefore B. thereby C. hence D. further 9. You can ___ the video camera on a tripod (三脚架),so that you don’t have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions. A. withstand B. mount C. implement D. dwell 10. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s ___process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases. A. efficient B. stagnant C. intricate D. appropriate 11.___ students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.. A. prospective B. responsible C. ethnic D. realistic 12.However, the new law, once passed, will ___ the Bridlintong agreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions of their choice.. A. convert B. render C. cancel D. eliminate 13.This course focuses on the ____ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behaviour. A. conception B. combination C. application D. introduction 14.The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to ___ ground and air attacks. A. launch B. withstand C. contest D. contend

大学英语四级复习资料·整理版

实用文档 文案大全 大学英语四级 复习资料 Mr.Cp

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