英语名词知识点讲解

英语名词知识点讲解
英语名词知识点讲解

Less on 1 名词

定义:名词(noun),缩写为n.是人和事物的名称,如pen(钢笔),English(英语),life(生活)。1名词的分类

名词可以分为专有名词( Proper Nou ns)和普通名词(Com mon Nou ns ),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beiji ng. Ch ina等。普通名词是一类人或东西或

是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:

1) 个体名词(In

dividual Nou ns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。

2) 集体名词

(Collective Nou ns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。

3) 物质名词(Material

Nou ns ):表示无法分为个体的实物,如: air。

4) 抽象名词(Abstract Nou ns):表

示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,女口:work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词( Cou ntable Nou ns ),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词( Uncoun table Nou ns )。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:

3、名词复数的不规则变化

1)c hild---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---me n woma n---wome n

注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。

女口:an En glishma n, two En glishme n. 但Germa n 不是合成词,故复数形式为Germa ns ;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2 )单复同形女口:

deer,sheep,fish,Chinese, Japanese

li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。女口:

a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

3 )集体名词

只在动词使用时区分,如果将名词所表示的集体是为一个整体,则位于动词用单数; 如果将名词表示的集体是为分散的个体,位于动词则用复数。如:

The class is small.这是小班。

The whole class are working very hard at English.这个班上的学生学习英语很刻苦。

4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。

b. news是不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

The Uni ted Natio ns was orga nized in 1945.联合国是1945 年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5)表示由两部分构成的东西,永远以复数形式出现如:glasses眼镜)trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,且只能在表示不同种类时采用复数,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes (各种)鱼

4、不可数名词量的表示

1)物质名词

a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。

比较:Cake isa kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)

These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)

b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。

This factory produces steel. (不可数)

We n eed various steels.(可数)

2)抽象名词有时也可数。

four freedoms 四大自由

the four modernizations 四个现代化

物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。

如:

a glass of water 一杯水

a piece of advice 一条建议

5、名词所有格

名词所有格(possessive case表示人或物的所属关系。主要有三种形式:'形式,of +名词形式和双重所有格形式

1)'形式所有格

即:表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格

表示有生命的东西的名词(人或动物)的末尾,加上's,即构成所有格,可放在另一名词

之前,作定语用。如:

Joh n's frie nd 约翰的朋友

Xiao Wan g's notebook 小王的笔记本

childre n's books 儿童读物

my father's room 我父亲的房间

注意形式1)单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag

男孩的书包,me n's room 男厕所,childre n 'book 儿童读物。

2)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加""’,如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。

2)of +名词形式

常用于没有生命的事物:the title of the song 歌的名字

3)双重所有格形式

即结合上述两种形式"of+名词所有格”,表示部分观念或感情色彩。

(1)表示部分观念:

a friend of my sister's (= one of my sister's frien ds)我妹妹的一个朋友;

a picture of Mr. Wu's 吴先生(具有的照片中)的一张照片(比较:a picture of Mr. Wu 吴先生本人的照片,即照片上是吴先生的像)。

(2)表示感情色彩:

this lovely child of your aun t's

你婶母的这个可爱的孩子

=>名词所有格所修饰的词的省略

名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到,往往可以省略,以免重复。如:

The dictio nary is not mi ne, but Xiao Wan g's. 这本词典不是我的,是小王的。名词所有格后面指地点等的名词,有的习惯上可省去不用。如:

I went to my un cle's (house) yesterday. 我昨天到我叔叔家去

I met him at the Joh nson's (shop). 我在约翰逊商店遇见了他。

I went to my un cle's (house) yesterday. 我昨天到我叔叔家去

初中英语名词知识点

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名词的所有格: 1、's 所有格: 1)构成: A. 一般词尾+ 's.:the teacher's office, Xiao Li's sister's husband's mother. B. 以s 结尾的复数名词只+"' ": workers' rest room. C. 不以s结尾的复数名词加's: children's toys. D. 复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加's:my sister-in-law's brother. E. 表示共同所有的几个名词,只在最后一个词的后面加's:This is Tom, James and Dick's room. F. 表示各个所有关系的几个名词,在每个名词后分别加's: Jenny's, Jean's and Mary's rooms face to the south. G. 名词短语只在最后一个词后加's:a quarter of an hour's talk. 2)用法: A. 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词,表示所属关系:Lei Feng's dairy. B. 用于表示时间的名词:today's paper. an hour's drive. Friday's work. C. 用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词:the country's plan. the farm's fruit. China's population. D. 用于表示由人组成的集体名词: our party's stand E. 用于表示度量、价值的名词: two dollars' worth of books. a pound's weight. 2、of所有格: 1)凡不能用's 属格的情况可用of 属格表示所属关系: the City of New York. a map of China.

初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习

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Less on 1 名词 定义:名词(noun),缩写为n.是人和事物的名称,如pen(钢笔),English(英语),life(生活)。1名词的分类 名词可以分为专有名词( Proper Nou ns)和普通名词(Com mon Nou ns ),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beiji ng. Ch ina等。普通名词是一类人或东西或 是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1) 个体名词(In dividual Nou ns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2) 集体名词 (Collective Nou ns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3) 物质名词(Material Nou ns ):表示无法分为个体的实物,如: air。 4) 抽象名词(Abstract Nou ns):表 示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,女口:work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词( Cou ntable Nou ns ),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词( Uncoun table Nou ns )。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:

3、名词复数的不规则变化 1)c hild---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---me n woma n---wome n 注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。 女口:an En glishma n, two En glishme n. 但Germa n 不是合成词,故复数形式为Germa ns ;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。 2 )单复同形女口: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese, Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。女口: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3 )集体名词 只在动词使用时区分,如果将名词所表示的集体是为一个整体,则位于动词用单数; 如果将名词表示的集体是为分散的个体,位于动词则用复数。如: The class is small.这是小班。 The whole class are working very hard at English.这个班上的学生学习英语很刻苦。 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The Uni ted Natio ns was orga nized in 1945.联合国是1945 年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

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