B6M1 period1
利用六进制触发器的阶梯波发生器的设计与实现
利用六进制触发器的阶梯波发生器的设计与实现首先，让我们清楚地定义一下要解决的问题。
我们想设计一个利用六进制（十六进制）触发器的阶梯波发生器。
在这种情况下，我们通常指的是一种可以生成一系列电平（在这种情况下，有16个可能的电平）的电路。
这种电平逐渐上升，直到达到最大值，然后又返回最小值，形成一种阶梯波形。
在数字电路设计中，这通常是用一个计数器实现的，该计数器可以连续计数，然后在达到最大值时回到零。
对于此任务，我们可以使用集成电路（IC）如74HC193。
74HC193 是一个四位二进制可上下计数器，由四个翻转触发器和相应的控制电路组成，可以在正脉冲或负脉冲到来时进行加一或减一操作。
这是一个基本的电路设计，用于生成十六个电平的阶梯波形：1. 首先，将74HC193的四个数据输入（D0，D1，D2和D3）全部接地。
2. 然后，使用一个时钟信号（例如555计时器产生的方波）驱动74HC193的UP计数输入。
3. 当计数器计数到15（十六进制的F）时，用输出Q0至Q3来驱动一个四位到十六线优先编码器（如74HC154）。
这样，每一个计数都会产生一条选通线（Y0到Y15）。
4. 然后，将这些选通线连接到一个电阻分压器网络，以生成不同的电平。
例如，可以将电阻与VCC和地线之间连接，然后在每个连接点取电压。
这样，每次选通线激活时，都会在输出端得到不同的电压。
5. 这个电压就是你的阶梯波形。
当计数器达到最大计数值（十六进制的F）时，它将自动复位为0，并开始新的计数周期，从而生成一个重复的阶梯波形。
请注意，此设计仅是一种可能的实现方式。
具体的电路设计可能会根据你的具体需求而有所不同，包括所需的电压范围、阶梯的数量、步进速度等因素。
根据你的需求，我会假设你可能需要一些具体的步骤来创建这个电路。
下面是一些详细步骤：1. 获取所需的组件: 你需要一块面包板，一片74HC193 IC，一个555计时器IC，一片74HC154 IC，各种电阻器，一些跳线，一个电源和一个示波器或多用表以检查输出。
第05章思考题和习题解答
第5章思考题和习题解答5.1 什么叫中断源？8031单片机有几个外部中断源？几个内部中断源？答：引起中断的原因，或能发出中断请求的来源，称为中断源。
MCS-51单片机有5个中断源，其中外部中断0（INT0）和外部中断1（INT1）是外部中断源，定时器∕计数器0（T0）、定时器∕计数器1（T1）和串行口的中断是内部中断源。
5.2 8031单片机5个中断源的中断程序入口地址分别是多少？8031响应中断的最短时间是多少？答：8031单片机5个中断源的中断入口地址是固定的，如下所列：中断源中断入口地址外中断0 0003H定时器0 000BH外中断1 0013H定时器1 001BH串口中断0023H8031在响应中断过程中，对中断请求标志位的查询需要1个机器周期；子程序调用指令LCALL 以转到相应的中断服务程序入口需要2个机器周期，因此外部中断响应的最短时间为3个机器周期。
5.3 说明什么情况下可在中断入口地址开始直接编写中断服务程序，而不需要跳转。
答：由于MCS-51单片机各中断源入口地址之间只相隔8个字节，因此，当中断服务程序不超过8个字节时，就可以在中断入口地址开始直接编写中断服务程序，而不需要跳转。
5.4 试写出设定INT0和定时器0的中断请求为高优先级和允许它们中断的程序。
如果INT0和定时器0同时有中断请求时，试问MCS-51先响应哪个中断请求？为什么？答：可用字节操作指令对IE和IP进行设置：MOV IE，#83H ；同时置位EA、ET0和EX0MOV IP，#03H ；置位PX0和PT0也可用位操作指令进行设置，此处从略。
因为本题中外中断0和定时器0同为高优先级，当它们同时发中断请求时，系统则按硬件设定的自然优先级顺序响应中断，因此MCS-51先响应外中断0的中断请求。
5.5 MCS-51单片机外部中断申请有几种方式？为什么外部中断一般不用电平触发方式？答：MCS-51单片机外部中断请求申请信号可以是低电平触发方式，也可以是负脉冲触发方式。
英隨頓公司PL6型号微型电路保护器产品说明说明书
SG62211Description• H igh-quality miniature circuit breakers for commercial and residential applications • Contact position indicator red - green• Guide for secure terminal connection• 3-position DIN rail clip, permits removal from existing busbar system• C omprehensive range of accessories can be mounted subsequently• Rated currents up to 63 A• Tripping characteristics B, C, D• R ated breaking capacity 6 kA according to IEC/EN 60898-1Rated current I n (A)TypeDesignationArticle No.Units perpackage6 kA, Characteristic BSG454111PL6-B1/116474012/1201.5PL6-B1,5/116473612/1201.6PL6-B1,6/116473712/1202PL6-B2/128651612/1202.5PL6-B2,5/116474112/1203PL6-B3/116474312/1203.5PL6-B3,5/116474212/1204PL6-B4/128651712/1205PL6-B5/116474412/1206PL6-B6/128651812/1208PL6-B8/116474512/12010PL6-B10/128651912/12012PL6-B12/116473812/12013PL6-B13/128652012/12015PL6-B15/116473912/12016PL6-B16/128652112/12020PL6-B20/128652212/12025PL6-B25/128652312/12032PL6-B32/128652412/12040PL6-B40/128652512/12050PL6-B50/128652612/12063PL6-B63/128652712/1201-poleSG514111PL6-B1/1N1649038/801.5PL6-B1,5/1N1649018/801.6PL6-B1,6/1N1649028/802PL6-B2/1N1649078/802.5PL6-B2,5/1N1649068/803PL6-B3/1N1649118/803.5PL6-B3,5/1N1649108/804PL6-B4/1N1649138/805PL6-B5/1N1649148/806PL6-B6/1N1060258/808PL6-B8/1N1649158/8010PL6-B10/1N1060268/8012PL6-B12/1N1649048/8013PL6-B13/1N1060278/8015PL6-B15/1N1649058/8016PL6-B16/1N1060288/8020PL6-B20/1N1649088/8025PL6-B25/1N1649098/8032PL6-B32/1N1649128/801+N-poleRated current I n (A)TypeDesignationArticle No.Units perpackage SG515111PL6-B1/21648036/601.5PL6-B1,5/21648016/601.6PL6-B1,6/21648026/602PL6-B2/22865506/602.5PL6-B2,5/21648066/603PL6-B3/21648086/603.5PL6-B3,5/21648076/604PL6-B4/22865516/605PL6-B5/21648096/606PL6-B6/22865526/608PL6-B8/21648106/6010PL6-B10/22865536/6012PL6-B12/21648046/6013PL6-B13/22865546/6015PL6-B15/21648056/6016PL6-B16/22865556/6020PL6-B20/22865566/6025PL6-B25/22865576/6032PL6-B32/22865586/6040PL6-B40/22865596/6050PL6-B50/22865606/6063PL6-B63/22865616/602-poleSG622111PL6-B1/31648684/401.5PL6-B1,5/31648664/401.6PL6-B1,6/31648674/402PL6-B2/32865844/402.5PL6-B2,5/31648714/403PL6-B3/31648734/403.5PL6-B3,5/31648724/404PL6-B4/32865854/405PL6-B5/31648744/406PL6-B6/32865864/408PL6-B8/31648754/4010PL6-B10/32865874/4012PL6-B12/31648694/4013PL6-B13/32865884/4015PL6-B15/31648704/4016PL6-B16/32865894/4020PL6-B20/32865904/4025PL6-B25/32865914/4032PL6-B32/32865924/4040PL6-B40/32865934/4050PL6-B50/32865944/4063PL6-B63/32865954/403-poleRated current I n (A)TypeDesignationArticle No.Units perpackage SG647111PL6-B1/3N1650023/301.5PL6-B1,5/3N1650003/301.6PL6-B1,6/3N1650013/302PL6-B2/3N1650073/302.5PL6-B2,5/3N1650063/303PL6-B3/3N1650093/303.5PL6-B3,5/3N1650083/304PL6-B4/3N1650103/305PL6-B5/3N1650113/306PL6-B6/3N1060353/308PL6-B8/3N1650123/3010PL6-B10/3N1060363/3012PL6-B12/3N1650033/3013PL6-B13/3N1650043/3015PL6-B15/3N1650053/3016PL6-B16/3N1060373/3020PL6-B20/3N1060383/3025PL6-B25/3N1060393/3032PL6-B32/3N1060403/3040PL6-B40/3N1060413/3050PL6-B50/3N1069033/3063PL6-B63/3N1069043/303+N-poleSG266121PL6-B1/41664893/301.5PL6-B1,5/41664873/301.6PL6-B1,6/41664883/302PL6-B2/41664963/302.5PL6-B2,5/41664953/303PL6-B3/41664993/304PL6-B4/41665013/305PL6-B5/41665033/306PL6-B6/41665053/308PL6-B8/41665073/3010PL6-B10/41664903/3012PL6-B12/41664913/3013PL6-B13/41664923/3015PL6-B15/41664933/3016PL6-B16/41664943/3020PL6-B20/41664973/3025PL6-B25/41664983/3032PL6-B32/41665003/3040PL6-B40/41665023/3050PL6-B50/41665043/3063PL6-B63/41665063/304-poleRated current I n (A)TypeDesignationArticle No.Units perpackage6 kA, Characteristic CSG454110.16PL6-C0.16/116474612/1200.25PL6-C0,25/116474712/1200.5PL6-C0,5/116474812/1200.75PL6-C0,75/116474912/1201PL6-C1/116475412/1201.5PL6-C1,5/116475012/1201.6PL6-C1,6/116475112/1202PL6-C2/128652812/1202.5PL6-C2,5/116475512/1203PL6-C3/116475712/1203.5PL6-C3,5/116475612/1204PL6-C4/128652912/1205PL6-C5/116475812/1206PL6-C6/128653012/1208PL6-C8/116475912/12010PL6-C10/128653112/12012PL6-C12/116475212/12013PL6-C13/128653212/12015PL6-C15/116475312/12016PL6-C16/128653312/12020PL6-C20/128653412/12025PL6-C25/128653512/12032PL6-C32/128653612/12040PL6-C40/128653712/12050PL6-C50/128653812/12063PL6-C63/128653912/1201-poleSG514110.16PL6-C0.16/1N1649168/800.25PL6-C0,25/1N1649178/800.5PL6-C0,5/1N1649188/800.75PL6-C0,75/1N1649198/801PL6-C1/1N1649228/801.5PL6-C1,5/1N1649208/801.6PL6-C1,6/1N1649218/802PL6-C2/1N1060298/802.5PL6-C2,5/1N1649258/803PL6-C3/1N1649298/803.5PL6-C3,5/1N1649288/804PL6-C4/1N1060308/805PL6-C5/1N1649318/806PL6-C6/1N1060318/808PL6-C8/1N1649328/8010PL6-C10/1N1060328/8012PL6-C12/1N1649238/8013PL6-C13/1N1060338/8015PL6-C15/1N1649248/8016PL6-C16/1N1060348/8020PL6-C20/1N1649268/8025PL6-C25/1N1649278/8032PL6-C32/1N1649308/801+N-poleRated 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SG515110.16PL6-C0.16/21648116/600.25PL6-C0,25/21648126/600.5PL6-C0,5/21648136/600.75PL6-C0,75/21648146/601PL6-C1/21648176/601.5PL6-C1,5/21648156/601.6PL6-C1,6/21648166/602PL6-C2/22865626/602.5PL6-C2,5/21648206/603PL6-C3/21648226/603.5PL6-C3,5/21648216/604PL6-C4/22865636/605PL6-C5/21648236/606PL6-C6/22865646/608PL6-C8/21648246/6010PL6-C10/22865656/6012PL6-C12/21648186/6013PL6-C13/22865666/6015PL6-C15/21648196/6016PL6-C16/22865676/6020PL6-C20/22865686/6025PL6-C25/22865696/6032PL6-C32/22865706/6040PL6-C40/22865716/6050PL6-C50/22865726/6063PL6-C63/22865736/602-poleSG622110.16PL6-C0.16/31648764/400.25PL6-C0,25/31648774/400.5PL6-C0,5/31648784/400.75PL6-C0,75/31648794/401PL6-C1/31648824/401.5PL6-C1,5/31648804/401.6PL6-C1,6/31648814/402PL6-C2/32865964/402.5PL6-C2,5/31648854/403PL6-C3/31648874/403.5PL6-C3,5/31648864/404PL6-C4/32865974/405PL6-C5/31648884/406PL6-C6/32865984/408PL6-C8/31648894/4010PL6-C10/32865994/4012PL6-C12/31648834/4013PL6-C13/32866004/4015PL6-C15/31648844/4016PL6-C16/32866014/4020PL6-C20/32866024/4025PL6-C25/32866034/4032PL6-C32/32866044/4040PL6-C40/32866054/4050PL6-C50/32866064/4063PL6-C63/32866074/403-poleRated 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SG647110.16PL6-C0.16/3N1650133/300.25PL6-C0,25/3N1650143/300.5PL6-C0,5/3N1650153/300.75PL6-C0,75/3N1650163/301PL6-C1/3N1650193/301.5PL6-C1,5/3N1650173/301.6PL6-C1,6/3N1650183/302PL6-C2/3N1069053/302.5PL6-C2,5/3N1650223/303PL6-C3/3N1650243/303.5PL6-C3,5/3N1650233/304PL6-C4/3N1069063/305PL6-C5/3N1650253/306PL6-C6/3N1069073/308PL6-C8/3N1650263/3010PL6-C10/3N1069083/3012PL6-C12/3N1650203/3013PL6-C13/3N1069093/3015PL6-C15/3N1650213/3016PL6-C16/3N1069103/3020PL6-C20/3N1069113/3025PL6-C25/3N1069123/3032PL6-C32/3N1069133/3040PL6-C40/3N1069143/3050PL6-C50/3N1069153/3063PL6-C63/3N1069163/303+N-poleSG266120.16PL6-C0.16/41665083/300.25PL6-C0,25/41665093/300.5PL6-C0,5/41665103/300.75PL6-C0,75/41665113/301PL6-C1/41665143/301.5PL6-C1,5/41665123/301.6PL6-C1,6/41665133/302PL6-C2/41665213/302.5PL6-C2,5/41665203/303PL6-C3/41665253/303.5PL6-C3,5/41665243/304PL6-C4/41665273/305PL6-C5/41665293/306PL6-C6/41665313/308PL6-C8/41665333/3010PL6-C10/41665153/3012PL6-C12/41665163/3013PL6-C13/41665173/3015PL6-C15/41665183/3016PL6-C16/41665193/3020PL6-C20/41665223/3025PL6-C25/41665233/3032PL6-C32/41665263/3040PL6-C40/41665283/3050PL6-C50/41665303/3063PL6-C63/41665323/304-poleRated current I n (A)TypeDesignationArticle No.Units perpackage6 kA, Characteristic DSG454110.5PL6-D0,5/116476012/1201PL6-D1/116476512/1201.5PL6-D1,5/116476112/1201.6PL6-D1,6/116476212/1202PL6-D2/128654012/1202.5PL6-D2,5/116476612/1203PL6-D3/116476812/1203.5PL6-D3,5/116476712/1204PL6-D4/128654112/1205PL6-D5/116476912/1206PL6-D6/128654212/1208PL6-D8/116477012/12010PL6-D10/128654312/12012PL6-D12/116476312/12013PL6-D13/128654412/12015PL6-D15/116476412/12016PL6-D16/128654512/12020PL6-D20/128654612/12025PL6-D25/128654712/12032PL6-D32/128654812/12040PL6-D40/128654912/1201-poleSG514110.5PL6-D0,5/1N1649338/801PL6-D1/1N1649368/801.5PL6-D1,5/1N1649348/801.6PL6-D1,6/1N1649358/802PL6-D2/1N1649438/802.5PL6-D2,5/1N1649428/803PL6-D3/1N1649478/803.5PL6-D3,5/1N1649468/804PL6-D4/1N1649488/805PL6-D5/1N1649498/806PL6-D6/1N1649508/808PL6-D8/1N1649518/8010PL6-D10/1N1649378/8012PL6-D12/1N1649388/8013PL6-D13/1N1649398/8015PL6-D15/1N1649408/8016PL6-D16/1N1649418/8020PL6-D20/1N1649448/8025PL6-D25/1N1649458/801+N-poleRated current I n (A)TypeDesignationArticle No.Units perpackage SG515110.5PL6-D0,5/21648256/601PL6-D1/21648286/601.5PL6-D1,5/21648266/601.6PL6-D1,6/21648276/602PL6-D2/22865746/602.5PL6-D2,5/21648316/603PL6-D3/21648336/603.5PL6-D3,5/21648326/604PL6-D4/22865756/605PL6-D5/21648346/606PL6-D6/22865766/608PL6-D8/21648356/6010PL6-D10/22865776/6012PL6-D12/21648296/6013PL6-D13/22865786/6015PL6-D15/21648306/6016PL6-D16/22865796/6020PL6-D20/22865806/6025PL6-D25/22865816/6032PL6-D32/22865826/6040PL6-D40/22865836/602-poleSG622110.5PL6-D0,5/31648904/401PL6-D1/31648934/401.5PL6-D1,5/31648914/401.6PL6-D1,6/31648924/402PL6-D2/32866084/402.5PL6-D2,5/31648964/403PL6-D3/31648984/403.5PL6-D3,5/31648974/404PL6-D4/32866094/405PL6-D5/31648994/406PL6-D6/32866104/408PL6-D8/31649004/4010PL6-D10/32866114/4012PL6-D12/31648944/4013PL6-D13/32866124/4015PL6-D15/31648954/4016PL6-D16/32866134/4020PL6-D20/32866144/4025PL6-D25/32866154/4032PL6-D32/32866164/4040PL6-D40/32866174/403-poleRated current I n (A)TypeDesignationArticle No.Units perpackage SG647110.5PL6-D0,5/3N1650273/301PL6-D1/3N1650303/301.5PL6-D1,5/3N1650283/301.6PL6-D1,6/3N1650293/302PL6-D2/3N1650373/302.5PL6-D2,5/3N1650363/303PL6-D3/3N1650413/303.5PL6-D3,5/3N1650403/304PL6-D4/3N1650433/305PL6-D5/3N1650453/306PL6-D6/3N1650463/308PL6-D8/3N1650473/3010PL6-D10/3N1650313/3012PL6-D12/3N1650323/3013PL6-D13/3N1650333/3015PL6-D15/3N1650343/3016PL6-D16/3N1650353/3020PL6-D20/3N1650383/3025PL6-D25/3N1650393/3032PL6-D32/3N1650423/3040PL6-D40/3N1650443/303+N-poleSG266120.5PL6-D0,5/41665343/301PL6-D1/41665373/301.5PL6-D1,5/41665353/301.6PL6-D1,6/41665363/302PL6-D2/41665443/302.5PL6-D2,5/41665433/303PL6-D3/41665483/303.5PL6-D3,5/41665473/304PL6-D4/41665503/305PL6-D5/41665523/306PL6-D6/41665533/308PL6-D8/41665543/3010PL6-D10/41665383/3012PL6-D12/41665393/3013PL6-D13/41665403/3015PL6-D15/41665413/3016PL6-D16/41665423/3020PL6-D20/41665453/3025PL6-D25/41665463/3032PL6-D32/41665493/3040PL6-D40/41665513/304-poleSpecifi cations | Miniature Circuit Breakers PL6Description• High selectivity between MCB and back-up fuse due to low let-throughenergy• Compatible with standard busbar• T win-purpose terminal (lift/open-mouthed) above and below• B usbar positioning optionally above or below• M eets the requirements of insulation co-ordination, distance between con-tacts ≥ 4 mm, for secure isolation• S uitable for applications up to 48 V DCAccessories:Auxiliary switch for subsequent installation ZP-IHK286052ZP-WHK286053 Tripping signal switch for subsequent installation ZP-NHK248437 Remote control and automatic switching device Z-FW/LP248296Shunt trip release ZP-ASA/..248438, 248439 Undervoltage release Z-USA/..248288-248291 Compact enclosure KLV-TC-2276240KLV-TC-4276241 Additional terminal 35 mm2Z-HA-EK/35263960 Switching interlock Z-IS/SPE-1TE274418Technical DataPL6ElectricalIEC/EN 60898-1Design according toCurrent test marks as printed onto the deviceRated voltage U n AC: 230/400 VDC: 48 V (per pole, max. 2 poles)Rated frequency50/60 HzRated breaking capacity according to IEC/EN 60898-1I cn 6 kACharacteristic B, C, DBack-up fuse max. 100 A gLSelectivity class3Rated impulse withstand voltage U imp 4 kV (1.2/50 μs)Enduranceelectrical components≥ 10,000 switching operationsmechanical components≥ 20,000 switching operationsLine voltage connection at will (above/below)Minimal voltage12 V AC/DCMechanicalFrame size45 mmDevice height80 mmDevice width17.5 mm per pole (1MU)Mounting quick fastening with 3 lock-in positions on DIN rail IEC/EN 60715 Degree of protection IP20Upper and lower terminals open mouthed/lift terminalsTerminal protection fi nger and hand touch safe, DGUV VS3, EN 50274Terminal capacity1-25 mm2Terminal torque2-2.4 NmBusbar thickness 0.8 - 2 mmMounting independent of positionConnection diagramsDimensions (mm)Tripping Characteristics (IEC/EN 60898-1)Quick-acting (B), slow (C), very slow (D)Tripping characteristic BTripping characteristic CTripping characteristic DTRIPPING CURRENTTRIPPING CURRENTTRIPPING CURRENT1-pole1+N-pole2-pole3-pole3+N-pole4-pole1P2P3P+N4P1P+N3PEffect of the Ambient Temperature on Thermal Tripping Behaviour Effect of Power FrequencyEffect of power frequency on the tripping behaviour I MA of the quick releaseLoad Capacity of Series Connected Miniature Circuit BreakersPower frequency f [Hz]162/35060100200300400I MA (f)/I MA (50 Hz) [%]91100101106115134141Adjusted rated current values according to the ambient temperatureNumber of devices (n) 1-poleLet-through Energy PL6Let-through Energy PL6, Characteristic B, 1-pole Let-through Energy PL6, Characteristic C, 1-poleLet-through Energy PL6, Characteristic D, 1-poleProspective short-circuit current [A]L e t t h r o u g h e n e r g y I 2t [A 2 s e c ]Prospective short-circuit current [A]L e t t h r o u g h e n e r g y I 2t [A 2 s e c ]Prospective short-circuit current [A]L e t t h r o u g h e n e r g y I 2t [A 2 s e c ]Short Circuit Selectivity PL6 towards DII-DIV fuse linkIn case of short circuit, there is selectivity between the miniature circuit breakers PL6 and the upstream fuses up to the specifi ed values of the selectivity limit current I s [kA] (i. e. in case of short-circuit currents I ks under I s only the MCB will trip, in case of short circuit currents above this value both protective devices will respond).*) basically in accordance with EN 60898-1 D.5.2.bShort circuit selectivity Characteristic B towards fuse link DII-DIV *)Short circuit selectivity Characteristic C towards fuse link DII-DIV *)Short circuit selectivity Characteristic D towards fuse link DII-DIV *)1) Selectivity limit current I s under 0.5 kA 2) S electivity limit current I s = rated breaking capacity I cn of the MCBDarker areas: no selectivityPL6DII-DIV gL/gG I n [A]10162025355063801002<0.51)<0.51)0.8 1.6 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)4<0.51)<0.51)0.6 1.0 3.6 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)1)1)2)2)2)PL6DII-DIV gL/gG I n [A]10162025355063801002<0.51)<0.51)0.8 1.6 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)4<0.51)<0.51)0.60.8 1.8 3.6 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)1)1)2)2)2)PL6DII-DIV gL/gG I n [A]10162025355063801001)<0.51)0.6 1.0 2.8 5.8 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)Short Circuit Selectivity PL6 towards D01-D03 fuse linkIn case of short circuit, there is selectivity between the miniature circuit breakers PL6 and the upstream fuses up to the specifi ed values of the selectivity limit current I s [kA] (i. e. in case of short-circuit currents I ks under I s only the MCB will trip, in case of short circuit currents above this value both protective devices will respond).*) basically in accordance with EN 60898-1 D.5.2.bShort circuit selectivity Characteristic B towards fuse link D01-D03*)Short circuit selectivity Characteristic C towards fuse link D01-D03*)Short circuit selectivity Characteristic D towards fuse link D01-D03*)1) Selectivity limit current I s under 0.5 kA 2) S electivity limit current I s = rated breaking capacity I cn of the MCBDarker areas: no selectivityPL6D01-D03 gL/gG I n [A]10162025355063801002<0.51)<0.51)0.6 1.0 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)1)1)2)2)2)2)PL6D01-D03 gL/gG I n [A]10162025355063801002<0.51)<0.51)0.50.7 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)1)1)1)2)2)2)PL6D01-D03 gL/gG I n [A]10162025355063801001)<0.51)0.60.8 2.2 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)Short Circuit Selectivity PL6 towards NH-00 fuse linkIn case of short circuit, there is selectivity between the miniature circuit breakers PL6 and the upstream fuses up to the specifi ed values of the selectivity limit current I s [kA] (i. e. in case of short-circuit currents I ks under I s only the MCB will trip, in case of short circuit currents above this value both protective devices will respond).*) basically in accordance with EN 60898-1 D.5.2.bShort circuit selectivity Characteristic B towards fuse link NH-00*)Short circuit selectivity Characteristic C towards fuse link NH-00*)Short circuit selectivity Characteristic D towards fuse link NH-00*)1) Selectivity limit current I s under 0.5 kA 2) S electivity limit current I s = rated breaking capacity I cn of the MCBDarker areas: no selectivityPL6NH-00 gL/gG I n [A]1620253235405063801001251602<0.51)0.5 1.0 2.5 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)4<0.51)<0.51)0.8 1.3 2.3 4.3 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)5<0.51)<0.51)0.7 1.1 1.6 2.2 3.6 4.8 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)6<0.51)<0.51)0.7 1.1 1.5 2.0 3.3 4.3 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)1)1)2)2)2)PL6NH-00 gL/gG I n [A]1620253235405063801001251602<0.51)0.6 1.0 2.5 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)4<0.51)<0.51)0.7 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.6 5.0 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)5<0.51)<0.51)0.60.8 1.2 1.7 2.8 3.8 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)6<0.51)<0.51)0.50.8 1.2 1.5 2.5 3.3 5.7 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)1)1)2)2)2)PL6NH-00 gL/gG I n [A]1620253235405063801001251602<0.51)<0.51)0.8 1.3 2.1 3.1 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)1)<0.51)0.71.0 1.62.23.8 5.2 6.02) 6.02) 6.02) 6.02)。
单片机课堂例题
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
GATE
C/T
M1
M0
GATE
C/T
M1
M0
T1控制
TMOD＝10H
T0控制
中断方式：
ORG 0000H
LJMP MAIN
ORG 001BH
AJMP LOOP
MAIN: MOV TMOD，＃10H
MOV TH1，＃0FFH
MOV TL1，＃083H
SETB EA
SETB ET1
sbit K3=P1^6;
code uchar
seg7code[10]={0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,
0x80,0x90};
code uchar seg7bit[6]={0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20};
main()
{
KEY3接P1.6。KEY0按下个位显示“1”，KEY1按下
十位显示“2”， KEY2按下百位显示“3” KEY3按
下千位显示“4”
C4
C1
C2
30PF
30PF
X1
R14
R15
R16
R17
R18
R19
R20
R21
10k10k10k10k10k10k10k10k
U1
10uF
19
XTAL1
CRYSTAL
VREF--标准电压, DAC0832:-10V~+10V
• 分析：
DELAY: MOV
• 1VDx=51；2VDx=102
R7,#N
上升段：
单片机原理及应用课后习题答案、很全的张毅刚主编
“单片机原理及应用”习题解答第一章2－4：在MCS－51单片机中，如果采用6MHz晶振，1个机器周期为（）。
答：2us。
析：机器周期为振荡周期的1/6。
2－6：内部RAM中，位地址为30H的位，该位所在字节的字节地址为（）。
答：26H2－7：若A中的内容为63H，那么，P标志位的值为（）。
答：0析：P为偶校验位，因为A中1的个数为偶数，所以P=0。
2－8：判断下列说法是否正确：A、8031的CPU是由RAM和EPROM所组成。
B、区分片外程序存储器和片外数据存储器的最可靠的方法是看其位于地址范围的低端还是高端。
C、在MCS-51中，为使准双向的I/O口工作在输入方式，必须保证它被事先预置为1。
D、PC可以看成使程序存储器的地址指针。
答：错、错、对、对2－9：8031单片机复位后，R4所对应的存储单元的地址为（），因上电时PSW=（）。
这时当前的工作寄存器区是（）组工作寄存器区。
答：04H、00H、02－11：判断以下有关PC和DPTR的结论是否正确？A、DPTR是可以访问的，而PC不能访问。
B、它们都是16位的存储器C、它们都有加1的功能。
D、DPTR可以分为两个8位的寄存器使用，但PC不能。
答：对、对、对、对2－13：使用8031芯片时，需将/EA引脚接（）电平，因为其片内无（）存储器。
答：低、程序2－14：片内RAM低128个单元划分为哪3个主要部分？各部分的主要功能是什么？答：工作寄存器区、位寻址区、数据缓冲区2－15：判断下列说法是否正确A、程序计数器PC不能为用户编程时直接使用，因为它没有地址。
B、内部RAM的位寻址区，只能供位寻址使用，而不能供字节寻址使用。
C、8031共有21个特殊功能寄存器，它们的位都是可以用软件设置的，因此，是可以进行位寻址的。
答：对、错、错2－16：PC的值是A、当前正在执行指令的前一条指令的地址B、当前正在执行指令的地址C、当前正在执行指令的下一条指令的地址D、控制器中指令寄存器的地址答：C2－17：通过堆栈操作实现子程序调用，首先就要把（）的内容入栈，以进行断点保护。
OASIS-E Manual
OASIS-EPART ONETHANK YOU TO OUR SPONSOR!12Objectives•Connect the IMPACT Act of 2014 with the evolution ofOASIS•Compare and contrast measures for ReconciledMedication List to Provider and Reconciled MedicationList to Patient•List three best practice strategies to prepare for successin transfer of health information3OASIS Evolution and the IMPACT Act of 2014Data collected is used for:•Quality improvement initiatives•Payment reform•Quality reporting•Public reportingStandardized data:•Improves communication between post-acute care settings•Helps to coordinate care between settings•Facilitates discharge planning•Improves patient outcomesOASIS Evolves•To comply and facilitate with items above4OASIS-E ManualTable of ContentsCHAPTER 1:OASIS GUIDANCE MANUAL INTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 2:DATA ACCURACY AND CORRECTION OF THE OASIS ASSESSMENTS CHAPTER 3:ITEM ‐BY ‐ITEM GUIDE TO THE OASIS ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT Section A:ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION ‐PATIENT TRACKING Section A:ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION Section B:HEARING, SPEECH, AND VISION Section C:COGNITIVE PATTERNS Section D:MOOD Section E:BEHAVIORSection F:PREFERENCES FOR CUSTOMARY ROUTINE ACTIVITIES Section G:FUNTIONAL STATUSSection GG:FUNTIONAL ABILITIES AND GOALS Section H:BLADDER AND BOWEL Section I:ACTIVE DIAGNOSES Section J:HEALTH CONDITIONSSection K:SWALLOWING/NUTRITIONAL STATUS Section M:SKIN CONDITIONS Section N:MEDICATIONSSection O:SPECIAL TREATMENTS, PROCEDURES, AND PROGRAMS Section Q:PARTICIPATION IN ASSESSMENT AND GOAL SETTING Appendix A:GLOSSARY AND COMMON ACRONYMS Appendix B:OASIS ‐E ITEMS, TIMEPOINTS, AND USES Appendix C:OASIS ‐E INSTRUMENTSAppendix D:DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES FROM OASIS ‐D TO OASIS ‐E Appendix E:REFERENCES AND RESOURCESAppendix F:OASIS AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENTOASIS-E Layout of Chapter Three•Item Intent•Time Points Item(s) Completed •Response-Specific Instructions •Coding Instructions •Coding TipsData Sources moved hereParts of Response-Specific Instructions moved hereOASIS-D LayoutItem Intent Time PointsResponse-Specific Instructions Data Sources/Resources56OASIS-E Glossarydefinitions fromitem instructions•New item terms(e.g.,DisorganizedThinking,Category Cue,Health InformationExchange)7OT and OASIS Manual Update•Effective January 1, 2022, OTs may conduct the SOCcomprehensive assessments including OASIS for Medicare patientswhen the physician’s referral order does not include skilled nursing,but does include PT and/or SLP, along with OT. Any disciplinequalified to perform OASIS assessments (RN, PT, SLP, OT) maycomplete subsequent OASIS assessments (e.g., transfers,recertifications, resumptions of care, discharge) after the SOC.8Retired Static Q&AsQ6. Does information documented in OASIS have to be backed up with documentation elsewhere in the patient's records? [Q&A EDITED 10/18;Q&A EDITED 12/12]A6. There is no regulatory requirement that OASISassessment data be duplicated elsewhere in the patient record.[Q&A RETIRED 05/22]OASIS-D to OASIS-E•Standardization across PAC settings touniformly collect SDoH items and to enable calculation of standardized, cross-setting quality measures, pursuant to the provisions of IMPACT Act •Standardized assessment data elements are assessment items and response options that are harmonized across four PAC assessment instruments, and to which aligned standards and definitions apply.OASIS-D Revision: Main reason for revising OASIS is to increase standardization across PAC settings to enable calculation ofstandardized, cross-setting QMs, pursuant to the provisions of the IMPACT Act✓New sections and items ✓Different time point versions ✓Removal of some items ✓Revision of some items ✓Updated skip patterns91011New IMPACT items added for OASIS-E:A1005 –A2124: New Identification Information itemsB0200Hearing and B1300Health Literacy added; M1200 changes to B1000-Vision with revised responses C0100 –C1310: New Cognitive Patterns items; BIMS and CAM used for assessmentD0150 –D0160 New/revised Mood items; PHQ 2-9 added replacing M1730 with D0150. D0700Social Isolation item addedJ0510 -J0520: New Health Conditions items for effect of pain on sleep and therapy. M1242 changes to J0530with revised responses and time period for considerationK0520: New Swallowing and Nutritional Status items. M1030 Parenteral nutrition changes to K0520 and is revised N0415: New Medication items to identify specific high risk drug classes patient is takingO0110: Identifies special treatments, procedures, and programs patient uses (i.e. chemotherapy, radiation, oxygen, suction, trach care, ventilator/BiPAP/CPAP , IV meds, transfusions, dialysis, etc.)OASIS-E Items RemovedItems RemovedM2016Patient/CG Drug Education Intervention M0140Race/Ethnicity M1200VisionM1730Depression Screening M1910Falls Risk AssessmentM1242Frequency of Pain Interfering M1051Pneumococcal VaccineM1056Reason Pneumococcal Vaccine not Received M2401 Row ADiabetic Foot Care1112Removed From Follow-upNo Longer Collected at Follow-upM1610Urinary Incontinence or Urinary Catheter Presence M1620Bowel Incontinence FrequencyM1630Ostomy for Bowel EliminationM1021Primary DiagnosisM1023Other DiagnosesM1400When is patient dyspneic or SOBM1311Current Number of Unhealed PU at Each StageM1322Current Number of Stage 1 PUM1324Stage of Most Problematic Unhealed PU that is Stageable M1330Stasis UlcerM1332Current Number of Stasis UlcersM1334Status of Most Problematic Stasis Ulcer ObservableM1340Surgical WoundM1342Status of Most Problematic Surgical Wound Observable M2030Management of Injectable MedicationsM2200Therapy Need •D1 Optional items at Follow-up are now removed in OASIS-EFollow-up Item Removal and Best Practice•Primary and secondary diagnoses‒Diagnosis alignment with continued care delivery/POC‒Communication process for claim update•M1400 Dyspnea/SOB –Star, VBP‒‘Pulse check’‒Re-evaluate interventions (e.g., Is therapy needed for breathsupport?)•M13xx Wound items –PAC cross-setting measure, PAEs‒‘Pulse check’‒Evaluate wound care effectiveness1314Transfer of Health InformationQuality Process MeasureTransfer of Health Information•Meets the mandate of the Improving Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014 (IMPACT Act)•Improve:‒Care coordination ‒Quality of care •Aid in med reconciliation •Help subsequent providers•Mitigate adverse outcomes related to meds •Critical for safe and effective transitions and DCsRationaleA ccurately communicatingthe existence of and providing for the transfer of health information and carepreferences of an individual to the individual, familycaregiver of the individual, and providers of services furnishing items and services to the individual when the individual transitions from a PAC provider to anotherapplicable setting, including a different PAC provider, a hospital, a critical access hospital, or the home of the individual.1516Transfer of Health InformationW h e n•Begins withDCs andTransfers on or after January 1, 2023W h a t•Identify if the HHA provided a current reconciled med list to specificproviders/ to patientH o w•OASIS-E data set –Transfer and Discharge data set •Not risk adjusted •Public reporting quarterlyReconciled Medication List to Provider Reconciled Medication List to PatientReconciled Medication List at Transfer•TOH measure captured at the end of a quality episode •RFA 6 and RFA 7 triggers A2120Gateway1718Reconciled Med List to at TransferCode 0, No, if at transfer or discharge to a subsequent provider, your agency did not provide the patient’s current reconciled medication list to the subsequent provider.Code 1, Yes, if at transfer or discharge to a subsequent provider, your agency did provide the patient’s current reconciled medication list to the subsequent provider.A2120 only : Code 2, NA, if at transfer to a subsequent provider, your agency was not made aware of the transfer timely and was, therefore, unable to provide the patient’s current reconciled medication list to the subsequent provider.Dash is not a valid response for this item.At TransferReconciled Medication List at Discharge•TOH measure captured at the end of a quality episodeGateway One M0100 Reason for Assessment1920M2420 Discharge DispositionReview of New Guidance•Code 1: Choose when Codes 2, 3, 4, and UK do not apply•Code 2: Another MCR certified HHA•Code 3:Non-institutional hospice•Code 4: Unknown because moved to another geographic location •Code UK: Unknown but not due to geographic location21Reconciled Med List at DischargeGateway Two M2420 Discharge Disposition22Reconciled Med List at DischargeGateway Two M2420 Discharge DispositionRoute of Transmission•Guidance is the same2324Route GuidanceCode A. Electronic Health Record•Both discharging and receiving provider have direct access to acommon EHR system•Patient has direct access to their med information through a patientportal•Checking this route does not require confirmation that provider orpatient has accessed the med list25Route GuidanceCode B. Health Information Exchange•HIE is used to electronically exchange the current reconciled list toprovider or patient•HIE may be a regional health data system•An EHR may generate and exchange a med list through a HIE ‒Select both Code A and Code B in this instance•Direct Messaging (Direct Exchange) by a health information serviceprovider (HISP) that ‘pushes’ information to an HER‒Select both Code A and Code B in this instance26Route Guidance Code C. Verbal •Verbally communicated (e.g., in-person, telephone, videoconference)Code D. Paper Based•Paper based method (e.g., printout, fax, e-fax)•An interface that allows documents from agency EHR to be electronically faxed to the subsequent providerCode E. Other Methods•Method not listed in the above (e.g., texting, email, CDs)Calculation Reconciled Med List to Provider Quality episodes that at the time ofDC/Transfer, the agency provided a currentreconciled med to the subsequent providerNumber of traditional (MCR Part A, Part B), MCR Advantage and MCD covered HH quality episodes ending in DC/Transfer to specified providers •Short-term general hospital•SNF •Intermediate care •Home under care of another organized HH or hospice •Hospice in an institutional facility•Swing bed•IRF•LTCH•MCD nursing facility•Inpatient psych•Critical access hospitalDenominator Numerator2728Calculation Reconciled Med List to Patient Quality episodes that at the time of DC/Transfer, the agency provided a currentreconciled med to the patient, family, and/orcaregiverNumber of traditional (MCR Part A, Part B),MCR Advantage and MCD covered HH quality episodes ending in DC to a private home/apartment, board/care, assisted living, group home, or transitional living •Private home/apartment •Board/care•Assisted living•Group home•Transitional livingDenominatorNumeratorMeans of Providing a Current Reconciled Med List •Providing the current reconciled medication list at the time of transfer or discharge can be accomplished by any means, including active means (e.g., by mail, electronically or verbally) and more passive means (e.g., a commonelectronic health record (EHR), giving providers access to the portalDefinition2930Contents of a Reconciled Med List•List of the patient’s current medications at the time of discharge that was reconciled by the agency prior to the patient’s discharge•Be guided by current standards of care and any applicable regulations and guidelines (e.g., CoPs) in determining what information should be included in a current reconciled medication list•Defining the completeness is left to the discretion of the providers and patient who are coordinating this careCoding TipsContents of a Reconciled Med List•Current prescribed and over-the-counter medications•Nutritional supplements,vitamins, and/or homeopathicand herbal products•Administered by any route at thetime of discharge or transfer*This information serves as guidance and asstated prior, the completeness of themedication list is left to the discretion of the providers and patient ExamplesDemographics: name, DOB, active diagnosesKnown allergies, sensitivities, and reactionsMedications: name, strength, dose, route, frequency, purpose, special instructions For patient: consumer‐friendly terminology and plain language31 32Item/Measure Coding•Patients that are not taking any prescribed or OTC medsat the time of DC‒Clearly document patient is taking no meds at time of DC‒Clearly communicate and document to the patient, family,and/or CG that the patient is taking no medications at DC •At the time of transfer/discharge: Period of time as closeto the actual time of transfer or discharge as possible(may be based on agency, State, or Federal guidelinesfor data collection)33CoPs for Home HealthInterpretive Guidelines•Transfer and Discharge §484.50(d)(1) The HHA must ensure timelytransfer of patient information to the alternate entity to facilitate continuityof care, i.e., the HHA must ensure that patient information is provided tothe alternate entity prior to or simultaneously with the initiation of patientservices at the new entity•Coordination of Care, Written information to the patient §484.60(e)(2) TheHHA must prepare and provide to the patient and his or her caregiver (ifany) written information regarding the patient’s medication regimen asbased on the results of the medication review conducted at §484.55(c)(5).The medication administration instructions must be written in plainlanguage that does not use medical abbreviations34Accuracy Strategies•Review current policies and procedures•Develop and revise transfer and discharge processes‒Is your current medication reconciliation process effective? Areyour clinicians compliant with this process?•Educate on best practice to reconcile medications‒Med reconciliation should be a top priority‒Develop clinician habits now!•Assess OASIS competency•Monitor compliance35Scenarios36Scenario One Mrs. Sparrow is discharged from an acute hospital following a right hip fracture with a home health referral for skilled nursing, physical therapy, and occupational therapy. On Day 7, the patient experiences an additional fall and sustains a right arm fracture. She is readmitted to the acute hospital, transferred to SNF three days later, and remains inpatient until the end of her episode. On Day 8, the clinician is notified of the transfer, updates the patient’s reconciled medication list in the patient portal, and completes RFA 6Transfer to an inpatient facility –patient not discharged from agency .6Scenario One (continued)M0100 Response 6 will require the completion of the Transfer data set timepoint that includes M2120 Provision of Current Reconciled Medication List to Subsequent Provider at Transfer .What is the appropriate code for M2120?Rationale: The reconciled medication list was updated in the patient portal. Code 1 requires provision of the list to the subsequent provider .3738Scenario One with Different Clinician Action On Day 8, the clinician is notified of the transfer, updates the patient’s reconciled medication list in the patient portal and the shared organizational EHR, and completes RFA 6 Transfer to an inpatient facility –patient not discharged from agency .1Code 1 for A2120requires the clinician tocode A2122 Route of Current ReconciledMedication List to Subsequent ProviderScenario TwoMr. Ross is discharged from skilled nursing April 8th. The nurse reconciles the medication list and updates the medication chart in the home. Physical therapy continues to see the patient and discharges the patient to home with goals met on April 29th . One day prior, the PTA had visited the patient, reconciled and updated the patient medication chart in the home. On the day of discharge, the PT reconciles and updates the med list in the patient portal.93940Scenario Two (continued)M0100 Code 9 will require the completion of the Discharge data settimepoint that includes M2420 Discharge Disposition1Rationale: Discharge disposition is not another skilled HHA or non-institutional hospice, and is known to the clinician, therefore Code 1 is appropriate.41Scenario Two (continued)Code 1 for M2420 will require the clinician to respond toA2123 Provision of Current Reconciled Medication List toPatient at Discharge1Rationale: PT reconciled and updated the med list on day of DC. PTAreconciled and updated the med list the day prior to DC.42Scenario Two (continued)Code 1 for M2123 will require the clinician to respond to A2124 Route of Current Reconciled Medication List Transmission to PatientRationale: The med list was reconciled and updated in the home by the PTA and within the patient EHR portal by the PT. Additional What if Scenarios•Patient is discharged to home. Eight days after DC, the patient is mailed a reconciled med list.•Patient’s med list reconciled and updated in the home one week prior to discharge to home. No additional reconciliation is performed at DC visit.What is the definition of at the time of transfer/discharge foryour agency ?4344QUESTIONS? 45。
数据手册_HR6P72L_Datasheet_C V2.1
海尔 MCU 芯片使用注意事项
关于芯片的上/下电 海尔 MCU 芯片具有独立电源管脚。当 MCU 芯片应用在多电源供电系统时，应先对 MCU 芯片上电，再 对系统其它部件上电；反之，下电时，先对系统其它部件下电，再对 MCU 芯片下电。若操作顺序相反则
可能导致芯片内部元件过压或过流，从而导致芯片故障或元件退化。具体可参照芯片的数据手册说明。
关于芯片的 ESD 防护措施
海尔 MCU 芯片具有满足工业级 ESD 标准保护电路。建议用户根据芯片存储/应用的环境采取适当静电防护 措施。应注意应用环境的湿度；建议避免使用容易产生静电的绝缘体；存放和运输应在抗静电容器、抗静 电屏蔽袋或导电材料容器中；包括工作台在内的所有测试和测量工具必须保证接地；操作者应该佩戴静电 消除手腕环手套，不能用手直接接触芯片等。
关于芯片的初始化
海尔 MCU 芯片具有各种内部和外部复位。对于不同的应用系统，有必要对芯片寄存器、内存、功能模块 等进行初始化，尤其是 I/O 管脚复用功能进行初始化，避免由于芯片上电以后，I/O 管脚状态的不确定情况 发生。
关于芯片的管脚
海尔 MCU 芯片具有宽范围的输入管脚电平，建议用户输入高电平应在 VIHMIN 之上，低电平应在 VILMAX 之 下。避免输入电压介于 VIHMIN 和 VILMAX 之间，以免波动噪声进入芯片。对于未使用的输入管脚，应通过电 阻上拉至电源电平或下拉至地。对于未使用的管脚，建议用户设为输出状态，并通过电阻接至电源或地。 对未使用的管脚处理因应用系统而异，具体遵循应用系统的相关规定和说明。
上海海尔集成电路有限公司
HR6P72L 数据手册
目录
内容目录
第 1 章 芯片简介 .................................................................................................... 10
5.IFS新加坡
Exchange Rates Singapore Dollars per SDR: End of PeriodMarket Rate....................................aa 2.3608 2.5273 2.5373 2.3786 2.3071 2.2775 2.2168 2.2913 2.3228 2.3208 2.2775 2.2692Singapore Dollars per US Dollar: End of Period (ae) Period Average (rf)Market Rate....................................ae 1.7365 1.7008 1.6338 1.6642 1.5336 1.4412 1.4392 1.5172 1.5326 1.4909 1.4412 1.3799 Market Rate....................................rf 1.7906 1.7422 1.6902 1.6644 1.5889 1.5071 1.4149 1.5322 1.5245 1.5174 1.4542 1.4093Index Numbers (2000=100): Period AveragesMarket Rate....................................ahx96.398.9102.0103.6108.5114.4122.0112.5113.1113.6118.5122.3 Nominal Effective Exchange Rate.....nec100.898.497.998.7102.8104.7108.3105.0104.3103.8105.8106.7 Real Effective Exchange Rate............rec97.994.393.392.194.295.7101.395.494.795.397.599.7 Fund Position Millions of SDRs: End of Period Quota..............................................2f.s862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5 SDRs...............................................1b.s130.2139.6188.9199.6210.3221.7240.2213.1215.8219.1221.7224.0 Reserve Position in the Fund............1c.s351.3379.3283.4121.886.456.7113.075.859.558.356.755.1 of which: Outstg.Fund Borrowing...2c————————————Total Fund Cred.&Loans Outstg........2tl————————————International Liquidity Millions of US Dollars Unless Otherwise Indicated: End of PeriodTotal Reserves (see notes)................1l.d82,22196,245112,579116,172136,260162,957174,193137,728144,056152,450162,957177,462 SDRs.............................................1b.d177207293285316350370322327341350368 Reserve Position in the Fund..........1c.d4785644401741309017411590919091 Foreign Exchange..........................1d.d81,56795,474111,846115,712135,814162,517173,649137,291143,639152,018162,517177,003 Monetary Authorities: Other Liabs.... 4..d7147419171,0881,1981,2941,2041,2101,2401,2771,2941,353 Deposit Money Banks: Assets...........7a.d53,50152,82761,84870,717109,779128,498154,866120,583118,505121,085128,498152,505 Deposit Money Banks: Liabs.............7b.d58,28759,84067,69669,56498,773124,645145,00999,255104,950111,792124,645145,671 Other Banking Insts.: Assets.............7e.d431617312445362442424544 Other Banking Insts.: Liabs...............7f.d2115910109891011 ACU: Foreign Assets........................7k.d346,865359,009403,436440,483478,485610,448595,005506,014518,120567,565610,448652,559 Foreign Liabilities........................7m.d387,285404,383464,025490,509534,585711,836667,884572,266589,367645,450711,836775,914 Monetary Authorities Millions of Singapore Dollars: End of PeriodForeign Assets.................................11142,721163,190183,844193,601209,747235,692251,318209,813221,484227,446235,692246,045 Claims on Central Government.........12a5,8086,3957,0397,0106,6086,5026,8606,4096,4067,0016,5026,702 Reserve Money................................1419,96420,65321,83523,39625,75728,06134,12325,52726,59226,93528,06128,733 of which: Currency Outside DMBs..14a12,36012,83813,69414,58515,28516,66918,99715,74516,07816,19416,66917,356 Foreign Liabilities.............................16c1,2401,2611,4981,8111,8371,8651,7321,8361,9011,9051,8651,866 Central Government Deposits...........16d94,40494,39198,497107,772108,712108,948132,711107,749102,213104,566108,948112,997 Other Items (Net).............................17r32,92153,28069,05367,63280,050103,31989,61281,11197,184101,040103,319109,151 Deposit Money Banks Millions of Singapore Dollars: End of Period Reserves..........................................207,6337,7988,1738,81310,46311,29815,2029,73310,56310,79211,29811,360 Foreign Assets.................................2192,90589,848101,048117,688168,357185,191222,883182,949181,621180,526185,191210,442 Claims on Central Government.........22a42,62145,55645,05843,75050,73859,93466,69655,05257,79063,49459,93464,202 Claims on Private Sector..................22d169,048178,253186,128189,798199,051232,752268,094205,031212,269220,093232,752245,143 Demand Deposits.............................2423,46825,88430,46831,50136,95847,27056,70639,70343,68344,74747,27051,520 Time and Savings Deposits...............25144,480156,106162,816173,712210,127233,620257,707224,396233,852233,198233,620244,405 Foreign Liabilities.............................26c101,215101,776110,602115,768151,479179,639208,697150,589160,847166,670179,639201,011 Central Government Deposits...........26d1,7681,8131,8473,0803,1234,1642,0993,3673,0613,1764,1643,506 Other Items (Net).............................27r41,27635,87634,67435,98826,92224,48147,66534,71020,80027,11224,48130,705 Monetary Survey Millions of Singapore Dollars: End of PeriodForeign Assets (Net).........................31n133,172150,001172,792193,710224,787239,379263,772240,337240,357239,397239,379253,610 Domestic Credit...............................32121,310134,001137,881129,707144,563186,076206,840155,377171,192182,845186,076199,545 Claims on Central Govt. (Net)........32an–47,743–44,253–48,247–60,092–54,488–46,676–61,255–49,655–41,078–37,248–46,676–45,599 Claims on Private Sector................32d169,052178,254186,129189,799199,051232,752268,094205,031212,269220,093232,752245,143 Money.............................................3435,82838,72244,16246,08652,24363,93975,70355,44859,76160,94163,93968,876 Quasi-Money...................................35144,480156,106162,816173,712210,127233,620257,707224,396233,852233,198233,620244,405 Other Items (Net).............................37r74,17389,173103,696103,619106,981127,895137,200115,870117,936128,102127,895139,873 Money, Seasonally Adjusted.............34..b35,58738,61444,27446,45552,91164,92076,96455,14659,21861,94164,92068,594 Money plus Quasi-Money.................35l180,308194,828206,978219,798262,370297,559333,410279,844293,613294,139297,559313,281 Other Banking Institutions Millions of Singapore Dollars: End of PeriodFinance CompaniesCash................................................401,6084756226519691,1601,2701,2051,0518361,1601,163 Foreign Assets (41752728513765513765626560)Claims on Private Sector..................42d10,7526,6326,8547,8257,96610,1309,7138,3628,7379,56110,13010,221 Time and Savings Deposits...............459,8535,5285,6666,3567,13610,0739,9617,8928,4769,11510,07310,298 Foreign Liabilities.............................46c32291415151412131515 Capital Accounts..............................47a2,1111,4061,4441,6581,6931,7351,7221,7281,7011,7271,7351,774 Other Items (Net).............................47r468198392502128–468–663–30–337–396–468–642 Nonbank Financial Institutions Millions of Singapore Dollars: End of Period Cash................................................40..s4,0814,0494,3754,5335,0214,4136,1396,6055,0215,7134,4135,072 Foreign Assets.................................41..s12,88016,80917,779. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Claims on Central Government.........42a.s8,28010,24713,068. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Claims on Private Sector..................42d.s25,59229,35433,888. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Fixed Assets.....................................42h.s2,3422,3442,1722,0812,3663,4513,1692,3582,4092,2543,4513,455 Incr.in Total Assets(Within Per.)........49z.s6,0989,5958,21711,7399,30915,206–15,7745,0546,4493,305398–5,641 Money (National Definitions)Millions of Singapore Dollars: End of PeriodM1..................................................59ma35,82838,72344,16246,08652,24363,93975,70455,44859,76160,94163,93968,876 M2..................................................59mb180,308194,829206,978219,798262,370297,559333,411279,844293,613294,139297,559313,280 M3..................................................59mc188,815200,044212,183225,700268,749306,755342,388286,754301,275302,682306,755322,708 Interest Rates Percent Per AnnumMoney Market Rate.........................60b.96.74 1.04 2.28 3.46 2.72 1.31 3.23 2.50 2.65 2.48 1.48 Treasury Bill Rate.............................60c.81.64.96 2.04 2.95 2.34.87 2.92 2.07 2.24 2.14 1.24 Eurodollar Rate in Singapore............60d 1.80 1.22 1.67 3.63 5.23 5.27 2.81 5.36 5.36 5.40 4.97 3.02 Savings Rate....................................60k.61.28.23.24.26.25.23.25.25.25.25.24 Deposit Rate....................................60l.91.51.41.44.57.53.42.57.52.52.51.45 Lending Rate...................................60p 5.37 5.31 5.30 5.30 5.31 5.33 5.38 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.382.2243 2.2290 2.2168 2.2243 2.2167 2.2230 2.2290 2.2037 2.2427 2.2168 2.2713 2.2615Market Rate....................................aa 1.3616 1.4314 1.4392 1.3616 1.3676 1.4160 1.4314 1.4807 1.5072 1.4392 1.5082 1.5412Market Rate....................................ae 1.3662 1.3968 1.4872 1.3676 1.3588 1.4029 1.4287 1.4772 1.5067 1.4778 1.4880 1.5178Market Rate....................................rf 126.2123.5115.9126.0126.9122.9120.7116.7114.4116.6115.8113.6Market Rate....................................ahx 109.3109.3107.9110.0110.3108.6108.9108.1107.9107.9105.5. . . .Nominal Effective Exchange Rate.....nec 102.2101.6101.8102.3102.3100.9101.5101.6102.0102.0100.0. . . .Real Effective Exchange Rate............rec 862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5862.5Quota..............................................2f.s 225.7228.3240.2225.7225.7228.3228.3228.3240.2240.2240.2241.0SDRs...............................................1b.s 65.663.0113.065.665.662.263.063.0113.0113.0111.0111.2Reserve Position in the Fund............1c.s ———————————— of which: Outstg.Fund Borrowing...2c ————————————Total Fund Cred.&Loans Outstg........2tl 176,651168,803174,193176,651174,964170,100168,803162,174165,676174,193167,094. . . .Total Reserves (see notes)................1l.d 369356370369366358356340357370362354 SDRs.............................................1b.d 10798174107106989894168174167163 Reserve Position in the Fund..........1c.d 176,175168,349173,649176,175174,492169,644168,349161,740165,151173,649166,565. . . . Foreign Exchange..........................1d.d 1,3221,2611,2041,3221,3171,2781,2611,2211,1511,2041,155. . . .Monetary Authorities: Other Liabs.... 4..d 160,073152,662154,866160,073160,611157,397152,662142,225140,534154,866145,664. . . .Deposit Money Banks: Assets...........7a.d 148,458141,141145,009148,458146,878148,626141,141132,861133,840145,009134,552. . . .Deposit Money Banks: Liabs.............7b.d 3735363735353534353634. . . .Other Banking Insts.: Assets.............7e.d 1111101111111111131010. . . .Other Banking Insts.: Liabs...............7f.d 633,421645,177595,005633,421651,754631,087645,177638,573597,333595,005578,292. . . .ACU: Foreign Assets........................7k.d 750,288744,614667,884750,288763,533739,734744,614723,154674,878667,884643,641. . . . Foreign Liabilities........................7m.d 241,455243,288251,318241,455240,314242,326243,288241,662251,634251,318253,532. . . .Foreign Assets.................................116,9866,6626,8606,9866,7666,8626,6626,8606,8606,8606,669. . . .Claims on Central Government.........12a 29,32732,53534,12329,32729,58431,13232,53533,18632,34934,12334,867. . . .Reserve Money................................1417,56218,19618,99717,56217,65017,97618,19618,59718,76318,99720,204. . . . of which: Currency Outside DMBs..14a 1,8001,8051,7321,8001,8011,8101,8051,8081,7361,7321,743. . . .Foreign Liabilities.............................16c 122,778122,926132,711122,778120,982124,947122,926122,303127,355132,711130,001. . . .Central Government Deposits...........16d 94,53692,68489,61294,53694,71291,30092,68491,22497,05489,61293,591. . . .Other Items (Net).............................17r 11,73112,91015,20211,73111,98613,08412,91014,03013,35015,20214,527. . . .Reserves..........................................20217,956218,521222,883217,956219,652222,874218,521210,593211,813222,883219,690. . . .Foreign Assets.................................2165,15560,89766,69665,15562,20764,02960,89760,50764,16166,69665,036. . . .Claims on Central Government.........22a 254,388264,632268,094254,388258,420260,601264,632268,670267,360268,094267,073. . . .Claims on Private Sector..................22d 55,45457,72856,70655,45455,43155,55257,72856,65455,62856,70663,017. . . .Demand Deposits.............................24242,684249,051257,707242,684247,401244,257249,051256,334257,418257,707254,692. . . .Time and Savings Deposits...............25202,141202,029208,697202,141200,870210,455202,029196,728201,724208,697202,931. . . .Foreign Liabilities.............................26c 3,2642,5362,0993,2642,9742,5332,5362,6052,1422,0992,199. . . .Central Government Deposits...........26d 45,68745,61647,66545,68745,58947,79145,61641,47939,77247,66543,487. . . .Other Items (Net).............................27r 255,470257,975263,772255,470257,294252,936257,975253,719259,987263,772268,548. . . .Foreign Assets (Net).........................31n 200,487206,730206,840200,487203,438204,013206,730211,129208,884206,840206,579. . . .Domestic Credit...............................32–53,902–57,902–61,255–53,902–54,983–56,589–57,902–57,542–58,476–61,255–60,495. . . . Claims on Central Govt. (Net)........32an 254,388264,632268,094254,388258,420260,601264,632268,670267,360268,094267,073. . . . Claims on Private Sector................32d 73,01675,92475,70373,01673,08173,52875,92475,25174,39175,70383,221. . . .Money.............................................34242,684249,051257,707242,684247,401244,257249,051256,334257,418257,707254,692. . . .Quasi-Money...................................35140,256139,729137,200140,256140,250139,163139,729133,263137,062137,200137,214. . . .Other Items (Net).............................37r 72,24577,18076,96472,24573,06574,22177,18075,77975,64476,96481,992. . . .Money, Seasonally Adjusted.............34..b 315,700324,975333,410315,700320,482317,785324,975331,585331,809333,410337,913. . . .Money plus Quasi-Money.................35l9511,2751,2709511,2271,3781,2751,4451,4141,2701,301. . . .Cash................................................405151515148495150525151. . . .Foreign Assets.................................4110,0909,9019,71310,09010,0479,9459,9019,8359,8309,7139,621. . . .Claims on Private Sector..................42d 10,04310,1099,96110,04310,13410,22310,10910,19510,1869,9619,838. . . .Time and Savings Deposits...............451516151515161616191515. . . .Foreign Liabilities.............................46c 1,6971,7201,7221,6971,7141,7051,7201,7331,7401,7221,726. . . .Capital Accounts..............................47a –663–618–663–663–541–572–618–614–649–663–606. . . .Other Items (Net).............................47r 5,1596,2506,1395,159. . . .. . . .6,250. . . .. . . .6,139. . . .. . . .Cash................................................40..s . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Foreign Assets.................................41..s . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Claims on Central Government.........42a.s . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Claims on Private Sector..................42d.s 3,4463,4473,1693,446. . . .. . . .3,447. . . .. . . .3,169. . . .. . . .Fixed Assets.....................................42h.s –611–3,823–5,698. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Incr.in Total Assets(Within Per.)........49z.s 73,01775,92575,70473,01773,08073,52875,92575,25174,39175,70483,221. . . .M1..................................................59ma 315,700324,976333,411315,700320,481317,785324,976331,584331,809333,411337,913. . . .M2..................................................59mb 325,082334,097342,388325,082329,677326,919334,097340,622340,866342,388346,732. . . .M3..................................................59mc 1.29 1.44 1.04 1.25 1.13 1.19 2.00 1.25.81 1.06.69.69Money Market Rate.........................60b .72.89.63.47.35.87 1.46.87.57.44.34.34Treasury Bill Rate.............................60c 2.83 3.15 2.26 2.82 2.83 2.83 3.78 3.09 2.22 1.47 1.18 1.26Eurodollar Rate in Singapore............60d .24.23.23.23.23.23.23.23.23.22.22.21Savings Rate....................................60k .41.40.41.41.40.39.41.43.41.39.38.37Deposit Rate....................................60l 5.385.385.385.385.385.385.385.385.385.385.385.38Lending Rate...................................60pPercent Per AnnumInterest RatesMillions of Singapore Dollars: End of PeriodMoney (National Definitions)Millions of Singapore Dollars: End of PeriodNonbank Financial Institutions Finance CompaniesMillions of Singapore Dollars: End of PeriodOther Banking Institutions Millions of Singapore Dollars: End of PeriodMonetary SurveyMillions of Singapore Dollars: End of PeriodDeposit Money BanksMillions of Singapore Dollars: End of PeriodMonetary AuthoritiesMillions of US Dollars Unless Otherwise Indicated: End of PeriodInternational LiquidityMillions of SDRs: End of PeriodFund PositionIndex Numbers (2000=100): Period AveragesSingapore Dollars per US Dollar: End of Period (ae) Period Average (rf)Singapore Dollars per SDR: End of PeriodExchange RatesPrices, Production, Labor Index Numbers (2000=100): Period AveragesShare Prices.....................................6276.673.093.5108.7125.9168.5128.9154.3169.9173.6176.2147.0 Wholesale Prices..............................63† 97.098.9104.0† 114.0119.7120.1129.1114.3119.1121.5125.4127.6 Consumer Prices..............................64100.6101.1† 102.8103.2104.3106.5113.4104.5105.0107.2109.1111.4 Manufacturing Production................66ey96.0† 98.5112.2122.8137.4† 145.4139.4† 135.3141.3156.6148.5151.9Number in Thousands: Period AveragesLabor Force......................................67d1,6681,7061,733. . . .1,8811,918. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Employment....................................67e1,5741,6051,632. . . .1,7971,842. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Unemployment................................67c941610. . . .8476. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .5 Unemployment Rate (%)..................67r 5.6 5.9 5.8. . . . 3.6 3.0. . . . 3.4 4.0 2.1 2.3 2.6 Intl. Transactions & Positions Millions of Singapore Dollars Exports............................................70223,901251,096335,615382,532431,559450,587476,798106,430110,199116,848117,110118,687 Imports, c.i.f....................................71208,324222,819276,894333,191378,924395,980450,89390,51497,629100,169107,668109,9422000=100Volume of Exports...........................72† 100.1116.5155.4† 173.5191.8207.9217.2198.5203.3215.0214.5218.2 Volume of Imports...........................73† 90.196.0117.4† 134.3148.5158.1174.7148.1156.5158.7168.6171.8 Export Prices (Survey).......................76† 94.090.690.8† 92.794.691.192.390.291.291.491.891.5 Import Prices (Survey)......................76.x† 99.6100.0101.6† 106.9109.9107.9111.1105.3107.4108.8110.0110.3 Balance of Payments Millions of US Dollars: Minus Sign Indicates DebitCurrent Account, n.i.e......................78ald11,17021,59318,25622,22329,80039,106. . . .9,7269,81012,0367,490. . . . Goods: Exports f.o.b......................78aad140,776161,702199,393232,512275,288303,136. . . .70,15773,20878,04881,723. . . . Goods: Imports f.o.b......................78abd–121,972–132,266–168,330–195,477–231,855–254,036. . . .–57,736–61,660–63,580–71,060. . . . Trade Balance..............................78acd18,80429,43631,06337,03643,43349,099. . . .12,42011,54814,46810,663. . . . Services: Credit..............................78add29,52536,28846,80452,94061,10069,829. . . .16,01716,95717,72319,131. . . . Services: Debit...............................78aed–33,436–40,081–50,143–55,630–63,744–72,419. . . .–17,082–17,791–18,052–19,493. . . . Balance on Goods & Services.......78afd14,89325,64327,72534,34540,78946,510. . . .11,35610,71414,13810,301. . . . Income: Credit...............................78agd14,17517,42121,53527,23932,20042,982. . . .10,00611,40910,84610,724. . . . Income: Debit................................78ahd–16,445–20,064–29,663–38,097–41,780–48,690. . . .–11,242–11,920–12,516–13,060. . . . Balance on Gds, Serv. & Inc.........78aid12,62322,99919,59723,48731,20840,802. . . .10,12010,20412,4697,965. . . . Current Transfers, n.i.e.: Credit......78ajd127131136138145152. . . .37383839. . . . Current Transfers: Debit.................78akd–1,581–1,538–1,477–1,402–1,553–1,847. . . .–431–432–470–514. . . . Capital Account, n.i.e......................78bcd–160–168–184–202–231–259. . . .–60–63–72–63. . . . Capital Account, n.i.e.: Credit........78bad. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Capital Account: Debit...................78bbd. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Financial Account, n.i.e....................78bjd–10,304–17,815–8,516–12,673–14,105–18,388. . . .–8,562–2,448–7,313162. . . . Direct Investment Abroad...............78bdd–2,329–2,695–10,803–6,943–12,241–12,300. . . .–1,692–3,778–2,968–3,907. . . . Dir. Invest. in Rep. Econ., n.i.e........78bed7,20011,66419,82813,93024,74324,137. . . .8,6696,3825,0343,937. . . . Portfolio Investment Assets............78bfd–13,363–14,346–7,050–8,335–17,795–22,600. . . .–3,180–6,495–4,852–8,200. . . . Equity Securities...........................78bkd–6,069–7,356–5,658–10,467–9,029–19,425. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Debt Securities.............................78bld–7,295–6,990–1,3932,132–8,767–3,175. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Portfolio Investment Liab., n.i.e......78bgd2194,3061,5865,0408,8546,007. . . .4,2495,6542,657–6,952. . . . Equity Securities...........................78bmd–4422,1392,3833,8386,8396,743. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Debt Securities.............................78bnd6612,167–7971,2022,015–736. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Financial Derivatives Assets............78bwd. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Financial Derivatives Liabilities.......78bxd. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Investment Assets................78bhd–8,539–21,058–28,276–32,221–53,370–67,704. . . .–23,548–18,519–18,555–6,579. . . . Monetary Authorities...................78bod——. . . .—. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . General Government....................78bpd——. . . .—. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Banks..........................................78bqd1,18510,657–5,288–9,233–28,928–9,046. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Sectors...............................78brd–9,724–31,716–22,988–22,988–24,441–58,658. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Investment Liab., n.i.e..........78bid6,5084,31416,20015,85735,70454,072. . . .6,94014,30811,37021,862. . . . Monetary Authorities...................78bsd——————. . . .————. . . . General Government....................78btd——. . . .—. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Banks..........................................78bud–349–9,0094,4193,01423,43320,859. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Sectors...............................78bvd6,85713,32211,78112,84212,27133,212. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Net Errors and Omissions.................78cad5513,0932,6362,9661,543–818. . . .–117–1,302–6781,096. . . . Overall Balance............................78cbd1,2566,70312,19312,31517,00719,640. . . .9865,9953,9748,685. . . . Reserves and Related Items..............79dad–1,256–6,703–12,193–12,315–17,008–19,640. . . .–986–5,995–3,974–8,685. . . . Reserve Assets...............................79dbd–1,256–6,703–12,193–12,315–17,008–19,640. . . .–986–5,995–3,974–8,685. . . . Use of Fund Credit and Loans........79dcd——————. . . .————. . . . Exceptional Financing....................79ded——————. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . International Investment Position Millions of US Dollars Assets.............................................79aad415,026472,931551,616608,014753,460879,864. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Direct Investment Abroad...............79abd90,80697,140117,510126,304147,931169,862. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Portfolio Investment.......................79acd69,49491,109105,337130,725172,780196,673. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Equity Securities...........................79add32,63542,99953,15974,321103,388120,641. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Debt Securities.............................79aed36,85948,11052,17856,40469,39276,032. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Financial Derivatives......................79ald——————. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Investment...........................79afd172,594188,813216,477235,125296,474350,585. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Monetary Authorities...................79agd. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . General Government....................79ahd. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Banks..........................................79aid. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Sectors...............................79ajd. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Reserve Assets...............................79akd82,13195,869112,293115,859136,275162,743. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Liabilities.........................................79lad333,278374,726439,039464,787592,663725,181. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Dir. Invest. in Rep. Economy...........79lbd135,720153,120182,255186,948210,775232,818. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Portfolio Investment.......................79lcd45,70461,05973,52986,400133,094173,112. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Equity Securities...........................79ldd33,85447,71959,94372,715113,621153,857. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Debt Securities.............................79led11,85013,34013,58613,68619,47319,255. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Financial Derivatives......................79lld——————. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Investment...........................79lfd151,853160,546183,254191,439248,794319,250. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Monetary Authorities...................79lgd. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . General Government....................79lhd. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Banks..........................................79lid. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Sectors...............................79ljd. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .151.4130.986.2144.2143.3134.0115.487.884.786.285.478.0Share Prices.....................................62137.0140.1111.8142.6145.1140.5134.7122.7109.7103.1104.3. . . .Wholesale Prices..............................63112.9114.3115.0112.8114.1114.3114.3115.5115.2114.4114.3. . . .Consumer Prices..............................64133.4139.4132.9142.7135.5132.8149.8132.2138.3128.3103.8. . . .Manufacturing Production................66ey . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Labor Force......................................67d . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Employment....................................67e 55. . . .5556. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Unemployment................................67c 4.0 2.8. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Unemployment Rate (%)..................67r 124,777130,232103,10342,13845,16841,83643,19639,10734,02929,95826,427. . . .Exports............................................70118,500122,405100,04640,26443,13438,15641,11538,56232,51428,97025,637. . . .Imports, c.i.f (71)221.4228.0199.7219.5232.8220.5230.4219.1198.6179.9160.3. . . .Volume of Exports...........................72178.8180.4166.8177.6187.6168.1185.7183.5164.0151.5132.9. . . .Volume of Imports...........................7394.896.186.896.997.995.794.690.186.584.083.2. . . .Export Prices (Survey).......................76114.2116.9103.3117.2118.8117.3114.4108.6102.598.899.7. . . .Import Prices (Survey)......................76.x . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Current Account, n.i.e......................78ald . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Goods: Exports f.o.b......................78aad . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Goods: Imports f.o.b......................78abd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Trade Balance..............................78acd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Services: Credit..............................78add . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Services: Debit...............................78aed . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Balance on Goods & Services.......78afd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Income: Credit...............................78agd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Income: Debit................................78ahd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Balance on Gds, Serv. & Inc.........78aid . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Current Transfers, n.i.e.: Credit......78ajd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Current Transfers: Debit.................78akd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Capital Account, n.i.e......................78bcd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Capital Account, n.i.e.: Credit........78bad . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Capital Account: Debit...................78bbd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Financial Account, n.i.e....................78bjd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Direct Investment Abroad...............78bdd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Dir. Invest. in Rep. Econ., n.i.e........78bed . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Portfolio Investment Assets............78bfd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Equity Securities...........................78bkd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Debt Securities.............................78bld . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Portfolio Investment Liab., n.i.e......78bgd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Equity Securities...........................78bmd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Debt Securities.............................78bnd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Financial Derivatives Assets............78bwd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Financial Derivatives Liabilities.......78bxd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Investment Assets................78bhd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Monetary Authorities...................78bod . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . General Government....................78bpd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Banks..........................................78bqd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Sectors...............................78brd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Investment Liab., n.i.e..........78bid . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Monetary Authorities...................78bsd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . General Government....................78btd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Banks..........................................78bud . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Sectors...............................78bvd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Net Errors and Omissions.................78cad . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Overall Balance............................78cbd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Reserves and Related Items..............79dad . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Reserve Assets...............................79dbd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Use of Fund Credit and Loans........79dcd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Exceptional Financing....................79ded . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Assets.............................................79aad . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Direct Investment Abroad...............79abd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Portfolio Investment.......................79acd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Equity Securities...........................79add . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Debt Securities.............................79aed . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Financial Derivatives......................79ald . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Investment...........................79afd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Monetary Authorities...................79agd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . General Government....................79ahd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Banks..........................................79aid . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Sectors...............................79ajd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Reserve Assets...............................79akd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Liabilities.........................................79lad . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Dir. Invest. in Rep. Economy...........79lbd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Portfolio Investment.......................79lcd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Equity Securities...........................79ldd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Debt Securities.............................79led . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Financial Derivatives......................79lld . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Other Investment...........................79lfd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Monetary Authorities...................79lgd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . General Government....................79lhd . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . Banks..........................................79lid . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Other Sectors...............................79ljdMillions of US DollarsInternational Investment Position Millions of US Dollars: Minus Sign Indicates DebitBalance of Payments2000=100Millions of Singapore DollarsIntl. Transactions & Positions Number in Thousands: Period AveragesIndex Numbers (2000=100): Period AveragesPrices, Production, Labor。