英语四种基本句式

英语四种基本句式：述、疑问、祈使和感叹句 一：肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 例句：I am a student.He goes to school. I am not a boy. He does not go to school.Are you a stude nt?Do you / Does she like En glish What time （is it ）,please ? which is your pen?What day today ? 问星期 what date is it today? 问日期 含 be/am is are was were:This is a book.Is this a book? __ yes, it is / no, it isn This is not a book.What is this ? what this is ? 不含be 的，借助do/does: like ?提问例词:how long 问时间 how soon 问时间 how often 肯定句转否定句中特殊用法：1. some 变为 any 。

如：There are some birds in the tree. — There aren't any birds in the tree.但是，若在表示邀请、请求的句子中，some 可以不变。

女口： Would you like some orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如 somethi ng, somebody 等也要进行相应变化。

2. and 变为 or 。

如：I have a knife and a ruler. — I don't have a knife or a ruler.You needn ' t worry about the job and pay._ You needn' t worry about the job or pay. （Don ' t need to ）3. a lot of （=lots of ） 变为many （修饰可数n ）或much （修饰不可数n ）。

如：They have a lot of frie nds. （可数名词）— They don't have many frien ds.There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）—There isrnttch orange in the bottle. 4. already 变为 yet 。

如：I have bee n there already.— I have n't bee n there yet. I have sent you the mail already. — I haven ' t sent you the mail yet.二：疑问句questios 分类：一般疑问、特殊疑问、反意疑问、选择疑问II. 一般疑问句的基本结构：A . be/助/情态动词(be can do have will 等)+主语+谓语/表语+(其他)，句子要读升调; I like En glish. I do no t like En glish.Do you like En glish? What do you like? She likes En glish.She does not like En glish. Does she like En glish. What does she When 问时间who 问人 whose 问主人 where 问地点 which 问选择 why 问原因 whatday 问星期 how old 问年龄 what time 问时间 what date 问日期 how many/much what color 问颜色 what about 问意见 what place 问具体地点 How 问情况问数量、价 how about 问意见 how far 问路程问频率Eg: Are they your friends ? Can you play basketball ? Can you swim to the other side ?Does he go to school on foot ? Do you like En glish?Have you locked the door ? Will you be free tonight ? 以上均可用yes、no 来回答。

B:述句亦可用作一般疑问句，多用在非正式文体中，句末有问号，用升调；Eg: Somebody is with you ？He didn ' t finish the work You arefresh from America ，Isuppose ？22.一般疑问句的回答：除yes、no 夕卜，也可用certainly , probably , perhaps , of course , all right ，withpleasure 等代替yes，用never，not at all 等代替no ；Eg: —Can you help me ? —Certai nly.—Could you please make less noise ? —All right ，sir.—Have you bee n there ? —Never.33.一般疑问句的否定式：A. 一般结构：系/助/情态动词+not+主语;也可为：系/助/情态动词+主语+not。

Eg: Do you not/DonAre you not / ArenIs he not / Is n Does Hele n not /Does n ? t you believe me? Is it not / Isn ? t it a lovely day?? t you coming?Will you not /Won ? t you sit down? ? t he a doctor? Will he not /Won ? t he go with you?? t Helen like chocolate海伦不喜欢巧克力吗？B.否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问，它常常带有感情色彩；否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些；惊异、赞叹或责难等语气；暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答；表示邀请或建议；Eg：Haven ' t you read the newspaper Wor? t he come ?他不来了啊？Shouldn ' t we start now Wasn ' t it an interesting film ?Wouldn ' t you like to go with me Won'? t you have a cup of coffee _____ ?44.一般疑问句否定式的回答：否定的一般疑问句的答语中，yes的含义为“不”，no的含义为“是”，但在回答这类句子时，应该注意yes后接肯定结构，no后接否定结构，这和汉语习惯不同。

Eg：—Are you n ot Mr Smith ? —Yes，I am.丕，我是//—No，I am not.是的，我不是—Haven ? t you read this book before Yes，l?have.不，我读过// —No，I haven ? t. 是的,我没有Don ? you play chess ? —Yes ，I do.不，我下棋//—No ,1 don ? t.是我不下棋。

教你一招：在这样的答语中，只要根据实际情况来判断，如果事实上是，就用肯定的结构，前面接yes;如果事实上不是，就用否定结构，前面接no ；但此时的yes、no应翻译成反义的中文。

2. 特殊问句special questions : wh-questions 型问句，when. where. what. who. why. which.A .特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句；即特殊疑问词+be/助/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+（其他）.Eg: Who is it on the phone ?谁来的？How many oran ges can you see in the picture ?Where did you last see it ? What did you eat yesterday ? How do you usually go to school ?What can be done about it ? Which are yours ? What did you say ?Who would like to come for a game of football ? Why didn ' t you tell me ?B:特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词；Eg: Which prese nt did you give to whom ? Whe n and where did you meet ?C:特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首；Eg : By whom is the book written ? Since when have you lived here ？D:疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，与述句的语序相同 ；Eg: Who is in the room ?谁在房间里？E: “ why+ 一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等，而不能归为特殊问句Eg: Why don ' t you come earlier Which girls will be in the sports meet ing ？ Which hat is lilyWhat can you see in the picture ？ What is in the teacher B. 疑问畐寸词： when/where/ why /how /how old /how many/much/how often /soon/far/long问 时间 地点 原因式 年龄 多少 频率 速度 距离Eg ： When will she return ？ Where do you come from ？Why are you late for school ？ How do you usually go to school ？How old is Jim ' s little brother How many friends do you have?How far is it from your home to school ？ How long will you stay in Beiji ng ？How ofte n do you go to see your gran dpare nts ？ How soon will you come back ？33.特殊疑问句的回答：简略/整句回答，不用yes 、noEg ： Who has borrowed my bike ？ Jack. // Jack has borrowed your bike.When did he borrow my bike ？ This morning . // He borrowed your bike this morning.Where is he ？ At the office. // He is at the office.What is he doing there ？ Work ing. // He is worki ng.Whose bike is this ？ Mr. Smith ' //s. It ' s Mr. Smith ' s bike.3. 选择疑问句：alternative questions 提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对选择哪一种。