《给排水专业英语》
给排水专业英语(上)
1】Professional English on Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering 给水排水工程专业英语drains for water-carried wastes 污水处理(排污水的排水管道)a settling reservoir 预沉池aqueduct 渠道，导水管filtration 过滤distillation 蒸馏clarification 澄清coagulation血凝stone-grated 格栅、格网turbidity 浊度cistern 蓄水池、槽gpcd 每日每人加仑数coagulant 混凝剂combined sewers 合流制排水管道prehistoric word 石器时代rapid-sand filter 快砂滤池water supply and wastewater disposal facilities给排水处理设施per capita 按人口平均计算ferment 发酵toxic 有毒的These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about 4.2 gallons per capita per day(gpcd).这些贮水池仅能提供每人每天4.2加仑的水量The connection was established between a contaminated water supply and spread of the disease, and it was determined that the absence of effective sewerage was a major hindrance in combating the problem. 人们发现疾病的传播和饮用水受到污染有关，并由此确定缺少有效的排水系统是解决这一问题的主要障碍。
2】The exterior network 室外管网distribution systems 配水系统communication pipe引入管 a meter box 水表节点/盒pressure booster增压装置storage tank 储水箱 a piping line管道water-dispensing fixtures配水器具water meter 水表flange 法兰；阀门gate valve 闸阀deaerator除氧器incorporate 合并fixture trap 存水弯plumbing fixture 卫生器具manhole 检查井fire-protection 消防The function of a drainage system in a building is to remove safely and quickly sanitary sewage, industrial wastes, and rainwater.室内排水系统的作用是为了安全快速地排出生活污水、工业废水和雨水。
给排水专业英语翻译技巧
(给水排水专业英语)
给排水专业英语概述
Unit 1 Water and Hydrological Cycle
toxic pathogenic microorganism congregate metropolitan a. a. n. v. a. 有毒的，中毒的 致病的，病愿的 微生物 聚集 大城市的
n. a.
污染物质 水文学的
designate nutrient medium microbial algae
vt. n. n. a. n.（alga的复数）
表示，称为 养分，养科 介质，培养基 微生物的，细菌的 藻类，海藻
protozoa inorganics predominantly seep particulate
Source of water
¡ [2] All water comes in the form ofprecipitation.
The heat of the sun evaporates water from the oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. The heat also evaporates water from the ground and from plants and animals. Water vapor is formed. This rises and forms clouds in the air. When the clouds come near a mountain, they are forced to rise.
fall a prey to=suffer from
给排水专业英语
1.给水工程water supply engineering FK8G BkQ!原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
e>:bV7h j~2.排水工程sewerage,wastewater engineering 6"d^4L?收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
1b 6o x63.给水系统water supply system :OF:(,J给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
NbD 4.排水系统sewerage system ,@_$acm排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
kH!I&4d& 5.给水水源water source blwdcdh给水工程所取用的原水水体。
Su<Ggv"6.原水raw water iY =M67V由水源地取来的原料水。
TzXivE@mm7.地表水surface water G`9\v=0存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。
Bi"7FF(z8.地下水ground water G?LPj*=$?存在于地壳岩石裂缝或土壤空隙中的水。
DnA}!s9.苦咸水(碱性水)brackish water，alkaline water c9\jELO碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，pH值大于7。
OO@ (lt10.淡水fresh water 6(4FC?Y7含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
11.冷却水cooling water dzMlfJp用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
EnXNTat})12.废水wastewater bX%9'O[-居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。
它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
T+7O+X#13.污水sewage,wastewater [(U:1&x &受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
/k3v\Jq{14.用水量water consumption eO#Kn'5用水对象实际使用的水量。
给排水专业英语Unit 1
• Reading and writing papers
• Communicating and obtaining information
3. Requirements 学习要求
• Vocabulary • Reading and translation • Speaking and communication • Writing 完成毕业设计译文 能从容进行面试 会写毕业设计摘要
锁住
caps of Antarctic and Greenland )and (in deep underground aquifers),
(which remains technologically or economically beyond our reach.)
从句，指代句子主语 all of this fresh water
dwelling sanitation runoff apportion rain gauge
n. n. n. v. n.
住处，房屋，公寓，住宅 卫生, 卫生设施 溢流
分摊，分配
雨量计
temporal
static dynamic
adj.
adj. adj.
暂时的，世俗的
静态的, 静力的 static electricity 动力的, 动力学的, 动态的 reserves 保留 severe 极其恶略的，严重的 reverse 相反的；颠倒
beginning in the mid 1960’s,) was successful [in elucidating many unknown aspects of the global hydrological cycle and some of the best references on global water resources still date from the period.]
给排水专业英语词汇(上)
Trench n.沟，渠Cistern n.蓄水池，储水器Drainage n.排水，排水设备，排水的水Foul n.污浊的Siphon n.虹吸（管）；用虹吸管输送Settle n.澄清，（使）沉淀Hydraulic a.水力学的Distillation n.蒸馏（法）Still n.蒸馏器Filtration n.过滤Clarification n.澄清，净化Coagulation n.絮凝，混凝Sanitation n.（环境）卫生Sedimentation n.沉淀，沉积Grate v.装格栅于Basin n.水池，水槽Catch basin 集水池，沉水池Lagoon n.污水池Patent vt，n.为……取得专利，专利，专利品Anticipate vt.促进Turbidity n.浑浊性，浑浊度Coagulant n.混凝剂，凝结剂Modification n.改变，改进，改良Toxic a.有毒的，中毒的Pathogenic a.致病的，病原的Microorganism n.微生物Congregate v.聚集Contaminate v.污染，弄脏Precipitate v.降水，沉降Precipitation n.沉降物（如雨，雪等）Contaminant n.污染物质Hydrological a.水文学的Nutrient n.养分，养料Medium n.介质，培养基Microbial a.微生物的，细菌的Algae n.藻类，海藻Protozoa n.原生动物Inorganics n.无机物Seep vi.渗入Effluent n.污水，废水Epidemic n.流行病，时疫Trace n.痕量，微量，微量金属Monitor v.检验（放射性污染物）Bacteriology n.细菌学Discharge n.排泄（水汽），排泄物Annual a.一年一度的，每年的Typhoid n.伤寒Cholera n.霍乱Round n.循环，周期Eradicate vt.根除，杜绝Lay down 制定，提出Superimpose vt.添加，附加Distil v.蒸馏Distillation n.蒸馏法Electrodialysis n.电渗析Brackish a.稍咸的Estuary n.河口，海湾Osmosis n.渗透性Estuarine a,河口的，港湾的Barrage n.拦河坝Sterilize vt.消毒，杀菌Wholesome a.卫生的，有益于健康的Injurious a.有害的Conductive a.有助于……的，促进的Be conductive to 对……有益的Constituent n.组成物，构成物Turbid a.浑浊的，混乱的Pathogen n.病原体，病菌Sedimentation n.沉积法，沉积作用Flocculate v.絮凝，绒聚Flocculating agent 絮凝剂Settlting n.沉淀Settling out 沉淀出来Coarse a.粗粒的，大的Floc n.絮体，絮凝物体Filtration n.过滤，澄清Chlorinate vt.用氯消毒Sanitary properties 卫生系数（性能，特点等）Colloidal a.胶体（状，质）的Suspension n.悬浮（液），悬浮（体）Portability a.可饮用Detract v.降低，减损Rayon n.人造丝Cellulose n.纤维素Starch n.淀粉Odour n.气味，臭气Secretion n.分泌液Fungi n.真菌Phenol n.（苯）酚Chlorine n.氯气Malodorous a.恶臭的Chlorophenols n.氯酚Break-point chlorination 折点加氯Activated carbon 活性炭Chlorine dioxide 二氧化氯Ozone n.臭氧Silica n.二氧化硅Transparency n.透明（性，度）Mastic n.胶粘剂p.p.m=parts per million 百万分之（几）Coalesce vi.凝聚Decolorize vt.漂白Conductivity n.传导性Resistivity n.电阻性Bacteriological a.细菌学的Alkaline n./a.碱性，碱性的Acidity n.酸性（度）Alkalinity n.酸性（度）Alkalinity n.（强）碱性Corrosive a.腐蚀的Water-supply 给水的Storage reservoir 蓄水库（池）Pipeline n.管道（线）Distribution reservoir 配水库（池）Distribution pipe 配水管网High demands 高峰用水量Supply source 水源Air conditioning equipment 空调设备Water （supply）engineer 给水工程师The fire department 消防部门Catchment n.集水（量），汇水Catchment area 集水区Rainfall n.降雨量Refill v.再装满Runoff n.径流（量）Infiltration n.渗透（入）Infiltration water 渗透水Evaporation n.蒸发Evaporation water 蒸发水Impounding v.贮（水）备灌溉用Impounding reservoir 蓄水池Recharge v.再装，再补充Purify v.使纯净，使洁净Compressor n.压缩机Limestone n.石灰石Porous a.多孔的Formation n.地（岩）层Limestone formation 石灰岩层Porous formation 多空岩层Plumbing n.（自来水，卫生）管道（装置）室内给排水系统（管道，工程）System of plumbing 卫生工程系统（体系）Circulatory a.循环的，流通的Outbreak n.爆发，破裂Epidemic n.流行病，时疫Cross-connection 交叉传染Submerged a.水面下的Inlet n.进（气，水）口Submerged inlet 淹没式入口，进水口淹没Vent n.通风（排气）管（口）；排除，放气Deteriorate v.变质，损坏Appurtenance n.附属物，设备，附件，附属建筑（装置）Sanitary or storm drainage 生活用水或雨水的排放Distribution n.分布，配给Multitude n.许多，大批（量）A multitude of 许多的，众多的Uphill n.a.ad. 上坡，向上Valve n.阀门，开关Microbe n.微生物Lactic a.乳的Lactic acid 乳酸Breakdown n.分解，离解Fermentation n.发酵Equation n.反应式，公式Oxidize v.使氧化Acetic a.醋酸的，醋酸Oxidation n.氧化作用Atmospheric a.大气中的，空气的Butyric a.丁酸的，奶油的，丁酸Bacteria n.细菌Proliferate v.繁殖，繁衍Anaerobic a.厌氧的，厌气的Derivative a.转生的，派生的，衍生物Specialize v.使专门化，特殊化Attack vt.（化学）腐蚀，锈蚀Nutrition n.营养（学）Culture n.培养，养殖Media n.培养基Synthesize v.（人工）合成Preform vt.预先形成Biochemical a.生物化学的Municipal a.城市的Unsaturated a.未饱和的Suspended water 悬着水Intermolecular a.分子间的Aeration n.曝气，通气The zone of aeration 通气层Remainder n.剩余物Capillary a.n.毛细管的Fringe n.边缘，端Transpire v.蒸发，气化Compaction n.压实，压缩Pore n.小孔Intergranular a.颗粒间的Permeability n.渗透性，透气性Recharge well 回灌井Hydraulic a.水力学的Coefficient n.系数Substrate n.基质，底质Sediment n.沉积物Adjacent a.邻近的，相邻的Sodium n.钠Sodium chloride 氯化钠Ion n.离子Conduit n.导管，水管Sewerage n.下水道，污水（排水）工程（系统）Elevation n.高度，海拔Confines n.界限，范围，边界Rectangular a.矩（长方）形的Laminar a.层（式、状、流）的Turbulent a.湍流的Irrigation n.灌溉Nonuniform a.不均匀的，变化的Retard vt.延迟，减速流Retarded flow 滞流，减速流Component n.分（力，量，支）The component of the gravity 重力的分量Shear n.剪（切，力）切（变，力）Shear force 切力，剪力Spillway n.溢洪道Profile n.轮廓，断面（图）Resulting a.所引起（产生）的Resulting profile 所形成的剖面图Sanitary a.关于环境卫生的，卫生的Hydraulic a.水力的，水力学的，水压的Aqueduct n.沟渠，导水管，高架渠Reveal v.泄露，显示Archeological a.考古学的Pipeline n.管道线，输送管Cloaca n.暗渠，下水道，厕所Sewer n.污水池Cesspool n.阴沟，污水管，排水管，下水道Metropolis 首都，大城市，文化商业中心Tributary a.附属的，支流的Lawsuit n.诉讼Downstream a.ad.顺流的，在下游的Sewage n.污水，污物Range v.延伸，探寻，涉及Watershed n.流域，集水区Bedrock n.基岩Rainfall n.降雨，降水，降雨量Divert vt.转移，使转向Ecosystem n.生态系统Biosphere n.生物圈Biotope n.群落生境Inanimate a.非动物的Spatial a.空间的Biocoenosis n.生物群落Moor n.荒野，沼Savannah n.热带大草原Deciduous a.（在成熟期或一定季节）脱落的Flora n.植物群Fauna n.动物群Habitat n.栖息地Climatic a.气候的Terrestrial a.陆地的Aquatic a.水生的Abiotic a.非生物的Ecological a.生态的Autotrophic a.自养的Chloroplast a.叶绿体Herbaceous a.草本的Carbohydrate n.碳水化合物Assimilation n.吸收Heterotrophic a.异养的Herbivore a.食草的Decompose vt.分解Detritus n.腐质Invertebrate a.无脊椎的Carnivore n.食肉动物Arable a.适于耕作的Fluctuate v.波动，涨落Quantitative a.定量的Amplitude n.广大，充足Genetic a.遗传的Botanic a.植物的Compensate vt.补偿Integrated plant protection 综合植物保护Terminal community 最终群落Burgeon vt.发展，展开Deterioration n.恶化，变质Airborne a.空中的Adverse effect 反作用，不利影响Manifest a.明显的vt.表明，证明Catalytic a.催化的Copolymer n.共聚物Toxicity n.毒性，毒力Abatement n.减少，除去Emission n.散发，发射（物）Unrelenting a.不退让的，不松懈的Fusion n.合并，联合Megalopolis n.大城市（由几个城市及郊区连成者）Sparsely ad.稀疏地，稀少地Pollutant n.污染物Reside v.住（留），属于，与……靠得很近Juxtaposition n.并列，并置Severity n.严重性Intensification n.加强，强化Segment n.部分，分布Contaminant n.污染物质，杂质Internal combustion engine 内燃机Per capita 每人口Solid refuse 固体废物，固体垃圾Incinerator n.焚化炉，化灰炉Degradation n.退化，降低Originate vi.发起，发生Affluent a.富足的，丰富Dilution n.冲淡，稀释Dispersion n.分散（作用）弥散Irritation n.刺激，兴奋Hazardous a.有害的Handling characteristics 处理特性Garbage n.垃圾，废料Serve to 用于……Inoffensive a.无害的Inherent a.固有的，内在的Compost vt.把……做成堆肥Raw material 原材料Incineration n.焚化Supervision n.监督，管理Overweight vt.在重量上超过Densely ad.密集地，稠密地Landfill vi.土地掩埋Haul vt.用力拖（或拉）Option n.选择，选择权Municipal solid waste(MSW) 城市固体废物Ecological perspective 生态学观点Recoverable a.可重获的，可找到的Burial n.埋葬Pyrolysis n.热解作用Pyrolysis furnace 干馏炉，热解炉Destructive a.破坏性的Endothermic a.吸热的Exothermic a.放热的Oxygen-free environment 无氧环境Self-sustaining a.自给的Methane n.甲烷Methanol n.甲醇Tar n.焦油Combustible a.可燃的，易燃的Pose vt.造成，形成Aesthetic a.美学的Restrain…from(doing) 制止……（干）……Waste disposal 废物处理Feasibility n.可行性Enactment n.颁布Enforcement n.实施Combined sewer （system）合流制下水管（系统）Separated sewer (system) 分流制下水管（系统）Drain off 把……排除Bypass vt.越过，绕……走Minimize vt.使减少到最少Dilute vt.冲淡Settle out 沉淀出来Municipality n.市，市政府Undesirable a.讨厌的，令人不快的Inadequate a.不足的，不适当的Be acted on 受……作用Notably ad.显著地，著名地Tertiary a.第三极的Leach vt.滤去（物质）Leaching field 滤液场Septic a.引起腐烂的Septic tank 化粪池Detention n.滞留Interact vi.互相作用，互相影响Quest vi.追求，探索Biophysical a.生物物理学的Arithmetical a.算术的Coverage n.覆盖率Priority n.重点，优先Quantitative a.数量的，定量的Hygienic a.卫生的，卫生学的Indisputable a.无可争辩的，无可置疑的Programmer n.规划，订计划者Nationwide a.全国性的Criterion n.（批评，判断的）标准，准则Continuity n.连续性，持续性Forthcoming a.即将到来的，即将出现的Coherent a.一致的，粘附的Sustainable a.持续的，能忍受的Initiative n.倡议，首创精神Legislation n.立法，法规Implementation n.履行，实施Assessment n.评估，估价Underlying a.根本的，基础的Institutional a.制度上的，惯例的Undertaker n.承担者，承办人Water undertaker 自来水厂Privatization n.私有化Inspection n.检查，视察Entity n.实体，统一体。
给排水专业英语李康
给排水专业英语李康
给排水专业英语翻译为"Plumbing and Drainage Engineering"。
在给排水专业中，有一些常用的英语词汇和短语，如下所示：
1. Plumbing - 管道安装
2. Drainage - 排水系统
3. Piping - 管道
4. Sewer - 下水道
5. Water supply - 供水系统
6. Water distribution - 配水系统
7. Plumbing fixtures - 卫浴设备
8. Sanitary fittings - 卫生设备
9. Ventilation - 通风系统
10. Pumping station - 泵站
11. Sewage treatment - 污水处理
12. Stormwater management - 雨水管理
13. Plumbing code - 管道安装规范
14. Plumbing design - 管道设计
15. Plumbing installation - 管道安装
16. Plumbing maintenance - 管道维护
17. Plumbing repair - 管道维修
18. Plumbing inspection - 管道检查
19. Water conservation - 节水
20. Backflow prevention - 防止倒流
以上是一些常见的给排水专业英语词汇和短语，希望对你有帮助！。
给排水专业英语_英文1
Sewage treatmentSewage treatment, or domestic wastewatertreatment, is the process of removing contaminantsfrom wastewater and household sewage, bothrunoff (effluents) and domestic. It includesphysical, chemical, and biological processes toremove physical, chemical and biologicalcontaminants. Its objective is to produce a wastestream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste orsludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into theenvironment. This material is often inadvertentlycontaminated with many toxic organic andinorganic compounds.Origins of sewageSewage is created by residences, institutions, and commercial and industrial establishments. Raw influent (sewage) includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks, and so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and commerce. The separation and draining of household waste into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and industrial liquid waste discharges, and may include stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems or combined sewers. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby reduce the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. The variability in flow also leads to often larger than necessary, and subsequently more expensive, treatment facilities. In addition, heavy storms that contribute more flows than the treatment plant can handle may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for stormwater in areas that are developed with sewer systems.As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles and other sediment, heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include sedimentation basins, wetlands, buried concrete vaults with various kinds of filters, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).Process overviewSewage can be treated close to where it is created (in septic tanks, biofilters or aerobic treatment systems), or collected and transported via a network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant (see sewerage and pipes and infrastructure). Sewage collection and treatment istypically subject to local, state and federal regulations and standards. Industrial sources of wastewater often require specialized treatment processes (see Industrial wastewater treatment).Conventional sewage treatment may involve three stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface. The settled and floating materials are removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter. Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-bornemicro-organisms in a managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment. Tertiary treatment is sometimes defined as anything more than primary and secondary treatment. Treated water is sometimes disinfected chemically or physically (for example by lagoons and microfiltration) prior to discharge into a stream, river, bay, lagoon or wetland, or it can be used for the irrigation of a golf course, green way or park. If it is sufficiently clean, it can also be used for groundwater recharge or agricultural purposes.Process Flow Diagram for a typical large-scale treatment plantPre-treatmentPre-treatment removes materials that can be easily collected from the raw wastewater before they damage or clog the pumps and skimmers of primary treatment clarifiers (trash, tree limbs, leaves, etc).ScreeningThe influent sewage water is strained to remove all large objects carried in the sewage stream. This is most commonly done with an automated mechanically raked bar screen in modern plants serving large populations, whilst in smaller or less modern plants a manually cleaned screen may be used. The raking action of a mechanical bar screen is typically paced according to the accumulation on the bar screens and/or flow rate. The solids are collected and later disposed in a landfill or incinerated.Grit removalPre-treatment may include a sand or grit channel or chamber where the velocity of the incoming wastewater is carefully controlled to allow sand, grit and stones to settle.Primary treatmentIn the primary sedimentation stage,sewage flows through large tanks,commonly called "primary clarifiers" or"primary sedimentation tanks". The tanksare large enough that sludge can settle andfloating material such as grease and oilscan rise to the surface and be skimmed off.The main purpose of the primarysedimentation stage is to produce both agenerally homogeneous liquid capable ofbeing treated biologically and a sludgethat can be separately treated or processed.Primary settling tanks are usuallyequipped with mechanically drivenscrapers that continually drive the collected sludge towards a hopper in the base of the tank from where it can be pumped to further sludge treatment stages. Grease and oil from the floating material can sometimes be recovered for saponification.Secondary treatmentSecondary treatment is designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the sewage which are derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent. The majority of municipal plants treat the settled sewage liquor using aerobic biological processes. For this to be effective, the biota require both oxygen and a substrate on which to live. There are a number of ways in which this is done. In all these methods, the bacteria and protozoa consume biodegradable soluble organic contaminants (e.g. sugars, fats, organic short-chain carbon molecules, etc.) and bind much of the less soluble fractions into floc. Secondary treatment systems are classified as∙fixed-film or∙suspended-growth.Fixed-film OR attached growth system treatment process including trickling filter and rotating biological contactors where the biomass grows on media and the sewage passes over its surface.In suspended-growth systems, such as activated sludge, the biomass is well mixed with the sewage and can be operated in a smaller space than fixed-film systems that treat the same amount of water. However, fixed-film systems are more able to cope with drastic changes in the amount of biological material and can provide higher removal rates for organic material and suspended solids than suspended growth systems.Roughing filters are intended to treat particularly strong or variable organic loads, typically industrial, to allow them to then be treated by conventional secondary treatment processes. Characteristics include typically tall, circular filters filled with open synthetic filter media to which wastewater is applied at a relatively high rate. They are designed to allow high hydraulic loading and a high flow-through of air. On larger installations, air is forced through the media using blowers. The resultant wastewater is usually within the normal range for conventional treatment processes.Activated sludgeMain article: Activated sludgeIn general, activated sludge plantsencompass a variety of mechanisms andprocesses that use dissolved oxygen topromote the growth of biological floc thatsubstantially removes organic material.The process traps particulate material andcan, under ideal conditions, convertammonia to nitrite and nitrate and ultimatelyto nitrogen gas, (see also denitrification).Surface-aerated basinsMost biological oxidation processesfor treating industrial wastewatershave in common the use of oxygen (orair) and microbial action.Surface-aerated basins achieve 80 to90% removal of Biochemical OxygenDemand with retention times of 1 to10 days. The basins may range indepth from 1.5 to 5.0 metres and usemotor-driven aerators floating on thesurface of the wastewater.In an aerated basin system, theaerators provide two functions: they transfer air into the basins required by the biological oxidation reactions, and they provide the mixing required for dispersing the air and for contacting the reactants (that is, oxygen, wastewater and microbes). Typically, the floating surface aerators are rated to deliver the amount of air equivalent to 1.8 to 2.7 kg O2/kW·h. However, they do not provide as good mixing as is normally achieved in activated sludge systems and therefore aerated basins do not achieve the same performance level as activated sludge units.Biological oxidation processes are sensitive to temperature and, between 0 °C and 40 °C, the rate of biological reactions increase with temperature. Most surface aerated vessels operate at between 4 °C and 32 °C.Filter beds (oxidizing beds)Main article: Trickling filterIn older plants and plants receiving more variable loads, trickling filter beds are used where the settled sewage liquor is spread onto the surface of a deep bed made up of coke (carbonized coal), limestone chips or specially fabricated plastic media. Such media must have high surface areas to support the biofilms that form. The liquor is distributed through perforated rotating arms radiating from a central pivot. The distributed liquor trickles through this bed and is collected in drains at the base. These drains also provide a source of air which percolates up through the bed, keeping it aerobic. Biologica l films of bacteria, protozoa and fungi form on the media’s surfaces and eat or otherwise reduce the organic content. This biofilm is grazed by insect larvae and worms which help maintain an optimal thickness. Overloading of beds increases the thickness of the film leading to clogging of the filter media and ponding on the surface.Biological aerated filtersBiological Aerated (or Anoxic) Filter (BAF) or Biofilters combine filtration with biological carbon reduction, nitrification or denitrification. BAF usually includes a reactor filled with a filter media. The media is either in suspension or supported by a gravel layer at the foot of the filter. The dual purpose of this media is to support highly active biomass that is attached to it and to filter suspended solids. Carbon reduction and ammonia conversion occurs in aerobic mode and sometime achieved in a single reactor while nitrate conversion occurs in anoxic mode. BAF is operated either in upflow or downflow configuration depending on design specified by manufacturer.Membrane bioreactorsMembrane bioreactors (MBR) combine activated sludge treatment with a membrane liquid-solid separation process. The membrane component uses low pressure microfiltration or ultra filtration membranes and eliminates the need for clarification and tertiary filtration. The membranes are typically immersed in the aeration tank; however, some applications utilize a separate membrane tank. One of the key benefits of an MBR system is that it effectively overcomes the limitations associated with poor settling of sludge in conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes. The technology permits bioreactor operation with considerably higher mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration than CAS systems, which are limited by sludge settling. The process is typically operated at MLSS in the range of 8,000–12,000 mg/L, while CAS are operated in the range of 2,000–3,000 mg/L. The elevated biomass concentration in the MBR process allows for very effective removal of both soluble and particulate biodegradable materials at higher loading rates. Thus increased Sludge Retention Times (SRTs) — usually exceeding 15 days — ensure complete nitrification even in extremely cold weather.The cost of building and operating an MBR is usually higher than conventional wastewater treatment. Membrane filters can be blinded with grease or abraded by suspended grit and lack a clarifier's flexibility to pass peak flows. The technology has become increasingly popular for reliably pretreated waste streams and has gainedwider acceptance where infiltration and inflowhave been controlled, however, and the life-cyclecosts have been steadily decreasing. The smallfootprint of MBR systems, and the high qualityeffluent produced, make them particularly usefulfor water reuse applications.There are MBR plants being built throughout theworld, including North Librty, Iowa, Georgia, andCanada.Secondary sedimentationThe final step in the secondary treatment stage is to settle out the biological floc or filter material and produce sewage water containing very low levels of organic material and suspended matter.Rotating biological contactorsMain article: Rotating biological contactorRotating biological contactors(RBCs) are mechanical secondarytreatment systems, which arerobust and capable ofwithstanding surges in organicload. RBCs were first installed inGermany in 1960 and have sincebeen developed and refined into areliable operating unit. Therotating disks support the growthof bacteria and micro-organismspresent in the sewage, whichbreakdown and stabilise organicpollutants. To be successful, micro-organisms need both oxygen to live and food to grow. Oxygen is obtained from the atmosphere as the disks rotate. As the micro-organisms grow, they build up on the media until they are sloughed off due to shear forces provided by the rotating discs in the sewage. Effluent from the RBC is then passed through final clarifiers where the micro-organisms in suspension settle as a sludge. The sludge is withdrawn from the clarifier for further treatment.A functionally similar biological filtering system has become popular as part of home aquarium filtration and purification. The aquarium water is drawn up out of the tank and then cascaded over a freely spinning corrugated fiber-mesh wheel before passing through a media filter and back into the aquarium. The spinning mesh wheel develops a biofilm coating of microorganisms that feed on the suspended wastes in the aquarium water and are also exposed to the atmosphere as the wheel rotates. This is especially good at removing waste urea and ammonia urinated into the aquarium water by the fish and other animals.。
给排水专业英语汇总
UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 排水工程 sewage engineering市政工程 civil engineering市政工程师 civil engineer环境工程 environmental engineering 水文学 hydrology水力学 hydranlies水环境 natural aquatic environment 流域 watershed水体 waterbody地表水 surface water淡水 freshwater地下水 groundwater含水层 aquifer天然含水层 natural aquifer地下含水层 underground aquifer水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤 infiltration降水 precipitation渗入 precolation蒸发 evaporation蒸腾 transpiration城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle 水源 water source水资源 water resource取水 water withdrawal水处理 water treatment配水 water distribution用水 water use污水 sewage废水 wastewater废水收集 wastewater collection废水处理 wastewater disposal受纳水体 receiving waters污染 pollution pollute污染物 pollutant玷污、污染 contamination致污物 contaminant未污染 uncontaminated水污染 water pollution水污染控制 water pollution control水污染防治 water pollution prevention污水回用 wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺 water scarcity地表水资源 surface water resource管网 Pipe Network供水系统 water supply system市政配水系统 municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system分区供水系统 dual distribution system小区 micro district小社区 small community冷水供水系统 cold water supply system热水供水系统 hot water supply system消防系统 fire protection system喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓 hydrant排水系统 drainage system生活排水系统 sanitary system工业排水系统 industrial system雨水排水系统 stormwater system合流制 combined sewers分流制 separate sewers建筑排水系统 building drainage system卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures输水系统 water transmission system漏水率 leakage rate配水系统 water distribution system环状管网 grid (looped)system支状管网 branching(branched) system下水管道 sanitary sewer污水节流管 intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统 intercepting sewer system污水节流井 sewage intercepting well支管 collection (目的：收集)sewer collectorsewer生活污水 sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水 industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes农业用水 agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水 rainwater stormwater水位 waterlevel海拔、标高 elevation坡度 grade倾斜度 slope明渠 Open channel开挖 ex cava tion深度 excavation depth水力分析 hydraulic analysis水头 pressure head总水头 total headUnit 3水头损失 Head loss速度头动压头 Velocity head静压 Static head摩擦水头 Friction head水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line 重力流 Gravity flow水塔 Water castle贮水箱 Cistern泵站 Pump station给水泵站 Water pump station污水泵站 Sewage station提升泵站 Lift pumping plant增压泵 Booster pump离心泵 Centrifugal pump潜水泵 Submer sible pump潜水艇 Submerine深井泵 Well pump虹吸虹吸管 Siphon人孔 Manhole法兰 Flange阀门 Valve闸阀 Gate valve泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate流速 Fluid velocity层流 Laminar flow滞流粘性流 viscous flow过渡流 Transitional flow湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow涡流 Eddying flow雷诺数 Teynolds number 水质 Water guality水源 Water sources供水水源 Water supples原水 Raw water未处理水 Untreated water出水 Finished water原水水质 Raw-water quality水质标准 Water quality standards水质要求 Water quality requirements饮用水 Drink water\potable water自来水 Tap water纯水 Pure water饮用水标准 Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物 Primary contaminants有机化合物 Organic chemicals合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals无机化合物 Inorganic chemical微生物 Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染 Microbial contaminants病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms病原体 Pathogenic病毒 Pathogenic bacterin细菌 Bacteria大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria病毒 Viruses藻类 Algae浊度 Turbidity放射性 Radionuclide感官性状 Esthetic qualities审美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colour变色 Discolouration变色 Discolor水质物理参数 Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质 Physical quality of water浊度值 Turbidity values浊度单位 Turdidity unit浑浊单位 Turdid嗅阈值 Threshold odor number化学性质 Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度 Do level溶解氧平衡 Do balance氧损 Oxygen depletion有机污染物 Organic pollutant生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体 Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解 Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolved iron and manganese硬度 Hardness碱度 Alkalinity盐度 Salinity有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity慢性毒性 Chronic toxity基因毒性 Genetic toxicity基因 Gene难降解有机化合物 Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes卤素 Halogen甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichloromethane三氯甲烷 Chloroform杀虫剂农药 Pesticide害虫 Pest杀虫剂 Insecticide除草剂 Herbicide杀菌剂 Germicide细菌 Germ防腐剂 Preservative保证 Preserve清洗剂 Cleaning agent洗涤剂 Detergent发泡剂 Foaming agent泡沫 Foam化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile富营养化 Eutrophication营养的 Trophic营养水平 Trophic level生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage 原废水 Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水处理过程 Water processing收集 Collect处置 Dispose处理方法 Treatment method处理费用 Treatment costs处理单元 Treatment process运行模式 Operational mode间歇处理方式 Batch treatment approach均匀均化 Equalization均匀 Equalize调蓄水池 Equalization storage调节池 Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分离 Separate隔离 Separation物理法 Physical process物理处理 Physical treatment物理处理过程 Physical treatment process一级处理 Primary treatment初步处理 Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤 Screening格栅 Screen格栅 Bar screen栅条 Bars钢栅条 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清池 Clarifier初澄清池 Primary clarifier初沉池 Primary settling tank一级出水 Primary effluent二级处理 Secondary treatment二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process生物处理 Biological treatment二澄清池 Secondary clarifier二沉池 Secondary settling tank最终澄清池 Final clarifier最终沉淀池 Final settling tank二级出水 Secondary effluent三级处理 Tertiary treatment深度处理 Advanced treatment废水消毒 Waste disinfection出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels优异出水 High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering土木工程 Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity电容 Capacitance污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility处理池 Treatment tank负荷 Load负荷 Loadings水力负荷 Hydrautic loading污染负荷 Pollutant load有机负荷 Organic load无机负荷 Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝 n. coagulation混凝过程 coagulation process化学混凝 chemical coagulation凝聚 n. aggregation絮凝 n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂 n. coagulant混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage烧杯实验 jar test最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage 助凝剂 coagulant aid助凝剂 flocculation aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes快速混合 flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池 mixer tank快速混合池 flash-mix tank絮凝器 n. flocculator絮凝池 flocculation tank固体接触池 solids-contact tank澄清 n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池 n. clarifier高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier澄清水 clarifying water2．沉淀 n. sedimentation沉降 n. sedimentation自由沉降 plain settling拥挤沉降 hindered settling重力沉降 gravity settling沉淀池 settling tank沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank管式沉淀池 tube settler斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池 plate separator气浮 n. floatation泡沫分离 foam separation溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device撇去 v. skim浮渣 n. scum浮渣槽 scum trough刮泥机 sludge scraper排泥 sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀 n. presedimentation预沉淀池 presedimentation basin3．过滤 n. filtration滤池 n. filter慢滤池 slow filter快滤池 rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池 high rate filter砂滤池 sand filter慢砂滤池 slow sand filter快砂滤池 rapid sand filter重力滤池 gravity filter压力滤池 pressure filter过滤介质，滤料 filter medium石英砂 silica sand无烟煤 n. anthracite硅藻土 diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds多层滤料 multilayered media混合滤料 mixed media双层滤料滤池 dual media filter双层滤池 two-layer filter粗滤料 coarse media细滤料 fine media助滤剂 filter aid滤后水，滤出水 filtered water滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough过滤周期 filter cycle清洗周期 cleaning cycle刮砂法 scraping method表面刮砂 surface scraping反冲洗 backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash水力分级 hydraulic grading4．消毒 n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂 n. germicide消毒过程 disinfection process消毒副产物 disinfection by-products氯化 n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water预氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物 by-products of chlorination 化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants液氯 liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines次氯酸盐 hypochlorites次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线 gamma radiation 灭活 n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间 contact time需氯量 chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯 combined chlorine剩余保护 residual protection余氯 residual chlorine余氯量 chlorine residual自由余氯 free residual chlorine自由氯余量 free chlorine residual化合余氯 combined residual chlorine化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法） breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage氯折点 chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器 ozone generator需臭氧量 ozone demand剩余臭氧量 ozone residual剩余臭氧 residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌 n. bacteria大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢 n. spores病毒 n. viruses藻类 n. algae原生动物 n. protozoa5．氧化 n. oxidation还原 n. reduction氧化剂 n. oxidant强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术 (AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附 n. adsorption活性炭 (AC) activated carbon粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber再生 n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂 n. adsorbent吸附质 n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column吸附床 adsorption bed空床接触时间 empty bed contact time吸附带 mass transfer zone快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon7．离子交换 n. ion exchange离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger离子交换柱 ion exchange column硬度 n. hardness除硬 hardness removal软化 n. softeningv. soften化学软化 chemical softening沉淀软化 precipitation softening除盐，脱盐 n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化 n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process 离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 复床 combined bed混合床 mixed bed8．膜分离 membrane separation微滤 n. microfiltration超滤 n. hyperfiltration纳滤 n. nanofiltration反渗透 reverse osmosis渗透 n. osmosis半透膜 semipermeable membrane电渗析 n. electrodialysis渗析 n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和 n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes化学沉淀 chemical precipitation沉淀软化 precipitation softening电解 n. electrolysis电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping冷却 n. cooling冷却水 cooling water冷却塔 cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器 n. bioreactor微生物 n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群 microbial population混合群落 mixed communities细菌 n. bacteria原生动物 n. protozoa真菌 n. fungi轮虫 n. rotifers生长 n. growth繁殖 n. reproduction世代时间 generation time生长速率 growth rates环境因子 environmental factors生态因子 ecological factors微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期 lag phase2.对数生长期 exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期 decling growth phase稳定期 stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage内源生长期 endogenous growth phase内源呼吸 endogenous respiration底物，基质 n. substrate底物（基质）利用 substrate utilization生物量 n. biomass生物反应 biological reaction生物氧化 biological oxidation生物降解 n. biodegradation生物降解性 n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理 biological treatment废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewatertreatment system污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatmentsystem生物处理法 biological treatment process生物处理装置 biological treatment unit串联 in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatmentprocesses生物固体 biological solids活性污泥 activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatmentprocesses附着的微生物 attached microbes微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth生物膜 n. biofilm代谢 n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢 biological metabolism微生物代谢 microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌 facultative bacteria好氧环境 aerobic environment厌氧环境 anaerobic environment营养物 n. nutrients无机营养物 inorganic nutrients营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化 biological nitrification硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法 activated sludge process微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌 n. bacteria生物絮体 biological floc微生物絮体 microbial floc活性污泥 activated sludge絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge 回流污泥 returned sludge回流污泥 recycled sludge剩余污泥 excess sludge 废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge废污泥 waste sludge曝气池 aeration tank曝气池 aeration basin曝气池 aeration chamber完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池 activated sludge tank曝气 n. aeration混合 n. mixing曝气系统 aeration system曝气器 n. aerator压缩空气 compressed air空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor鼓风机，风机 n. blower循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器 air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器） bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器） fine-bubble diffuser扩散板 plate diffuser扩散管 tube diffuser扩散罩 dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡 fine-bubble大气泡 coarse-bubble静态混合器 static mixer机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems机械曝气 mechanical aeration表面曝气 surface aeration表面曝气器 surface aerator需氧量 oxygen demand供气量 air supply氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体 settleable solids挥发性固体 volatile solids非挥发性固体 nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspendedsolids混合液 mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspendedsolids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquorvolatile suspended solids污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数 (SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率 (SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄 sludge age曝气池容积 aeration tank volume曝气时间 aeration period曝气时间 aeration time水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷 hydraulic loadingBOD负荷 BOD loading普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludgeprocess传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludgeprocess标准活性污泥法standard activated sludgeprocess传统活性污泥厂 conventional activated sludgeplant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludgeprocess分段 v. step进水负荷 influent load分段进水 step loading渐减 v. taper渐减曝气 tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process 再曝气 n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process延时曝气 extended aeration氧化沟 oxidation ditch水平转刷 horizontal rotor转刷曝气 rotor aeration笼型转刷 caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉 primary clarification曝气 n. aeration二沉 secondary clarification初沉池 primary clarifier二沉池 secondary clarifier泵送系统 pumping system活性污泥法 activated sludge process变体 n. variantSBR运行周期 SBR cycle处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase进水阀 influent valve反应阶段 react phase沉淀阶段 settle phase清水，上清液 clear water上清液 n. supernatant排水阶段 draw phase滗水阶段 decant phase滗水装置 decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal碳源 carbon source硝化 n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria反硝化 n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器 (MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜 n. biofilm生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor生物滤池 n. biofilter生物过滤 n. biofiltration旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler填料 n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular orhoneycomb-shaped packings滴滤池 trickling filter普通生物滤池 trickling filter高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter生物转盘法 biodisc process生物转盘 rotating biological contactor生物转盘 n. biodisc塑料盘片 plastic discs轻质盘片 lightweight discs水平轴 horizontal shaft生物粘液 biological slime粘液层 slime layer生物流化床 biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor 移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵 n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌 n. acidogens产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens产酸阶段 acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase水解 n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸 H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷 methanogenesis产酸菌 acid formers产甲烷菌 methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria 上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobicbiotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobicbiotreatment产酸相 acidogenic phase产甲烷相 methanogenic phase消化 n. digestionv. digest消化池 n. digestor厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion污泥消化 sludge digestion厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统 natural purification system稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater净化过程 purification process自然净化 natural purification污水塘 sewage lagoon稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultative pond好氧生化反应 aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization细菌 n. bacteria藻类 n. algae微型植物 microscopic plants出流，出水 effluent flow光合作用 n. photosynthesis厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气塘 aerated pond修饰塘 polishing pond熟化塘 maturation lagoon深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程） land treatment processes关键因素 critical factors土壤类型 soil type气候 n. climate土地处理系统 land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system 低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system 三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level灌溉 n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil投配的废水 applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method过滤作用 filtering action吸附作用 adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流 overland flow径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes 湿地 n. wetland天然湿地 natural wetland人工湿地 constructed wetlandman-made wetland 第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥 n. sludge生活污水污泥 sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥 digested sludge混合污泥 mixed sludge污泥处理 sludge treatment污泥处置 sludge disposal最终处置 ultimate disposal填埋 n. landfill污泥减量 sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩 n. thickening污泥浓缩 sludge thickening稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge调理（调节） n. conditioningv. condition脱水 n. dewateringv. dewater干化 n. drying污泥干化场 sludge drying bed污泥干燥 heat drying干燥器 n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator污泥浓缩 sludge thickening物理过程 physical process含水过多的污泥 watery sludge稀污泥 thin sludge处理装置 treatment unit浓缩池 n. thickener重力浓缩 gravity thickening重力浓缩池 gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机 sludge scraper搅拌作用 stirring action底流 n. underflow浓缩的底流 thickened underflow浓缩污泥 thickened sludge出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant溢流 v. overflow堰 n. weir气浮浓缩 floatation thickening溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank入流污泥 influent sludge污泥絮体 sludge flocs撇去 v. skim漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer污泥消化 sludge digestion消化池 n. digester消化池装置 digester unit消化 n. digestionv. digest有机固体 organic solids生化分解 biochemical decomposition好氧消化 aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process活性污泥池 activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or 延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass内源衰亡 endogenous decay厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank消化过程 digestion process厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process生化反应 biochemical reactions有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气 methane gas末端产物 end product指示剂 n. indicator污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas污泥沉淀 sludge settling污泥储存 sludge storage消化污泥 digested sludge充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge消化池上清液 digester supernatant中温消化 mesophilic digestion高温消化 thermophilic degestion污泥脱水 sludge dewatering混合堆肥 co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源 surface water resource地下水资源 groundwater resource水短缺 water scarcity回用 n. , v. reuse废水回用 wastewater reuse直接回用 direct reuse直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse间接回用 indirect reuse间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse出水处理 effluent treatment回用水 reclaimed water排放 n. , v. discharge保留 n. retention循环 n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理 n. partial treatment最终用途 end use城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse灌溉 n. irrigation景观灌溉 landscape irrigation地下水回灌 groundwater recharge市政回用 municipal reuse直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment分质供水系统 dual-distribution system间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统 water supply system取水口 n. intake天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity人工回灌 artificial recharge深井注射 deep-well injection浅表布水 shallow surface spreading渗透 n. percolation工业回用 industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水 process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeupwater冷却塔水 cooling tower water选择性处理 optional treatment水费 water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程 industrial processes冷却水 cooling water锅炉给水 boiler feedwater灌溉回用 irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatmentsystem间接灌溉回用 indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放 wastewater discharge雨水回用 storm water reuse可回用水 reusable waterPart Ⅸ: 第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用） capital costs建设成本，建设费（用） construction costs运行成本，运行费（用） operating costs 能耗成本 energy costs运行维护 operation and maintenance运行控制 operational control控制系统 control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。
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《给排水专业英语》
课程代码：0801889 开课学院：土木建筑工程学院
开课学期：第6学期授课对象：给排水科学与工程本科生学分： 1.5 课程负责人：周道周毅
课程简介：
本课程是一门专业基础选修课，课程教学目的是指导学生阅读相关的英语文献进行有针对性的学习，在有限的时间内，增加学生专业英语的词汇量，熟悉科技英语的特点，提高其阅读技巧与实际应用英语的能力，使学生能顺利阅读、翻译专业文献资料并具备初步的科技英语写作能力。
主要教学内容包括水资源与立法、给水工程、废水处理3个部分，共15个单元。
每个单元包括课文、生词及注释、阅读材料与练习。
内容注重专业领域的宽覆盖面与知识的新颖性相一致，语言文字的规范性与风格的多样化相结合，难度上的循序渐进与教学需要相统一。
教学方法上采取灵活多样的互动性教学手段，鼓励学生积极参与课堂教学活动，提高学生的学习积极性和主动性，从而提高学习效率达到教学目的。
课程在第六学期开设。
课程考核：课堂作业、课后习题、期末考试相结合。
教材：《大学专业英语阅读教程》第一版，同济大学出版社，李田编著，2001年
参考书目：《建筑类专业英语》（给排水与环境保护）1-3册（第一版）中国建筑工业出版社，傅兴海主编，1992。