卡内基英语复习资料 4
卡内基英语复习资料 七
1. musician : n 音乐家，与其同根的常见词汇：music : n 音乐；musical : a 音乐的， musically : adv 从音乐上来说的。
Please do the exercises:1). The ____ of the Beatles became very successful and famous during the 1960s.2). Although he was born in America, he could play many Chinese ____ instruments.3). Folk music, the blues and rock'n'roll remained _____ and culturally distinct in the 1960s.4). Bob Dylan, a famous folk ____ in America, was best known for his anti-war song.Answers: music, musical, musically, musician2. consciousness: n 意识、知觉，与其同根的常见词汇：conscious: a 有知觉的、有意识的 = aware，反义词：unconscious = unaware; 副词：consciously,unconsciously。
常用搭配：be aware/unaware of sth; be aware/unaware that.1). I was ____ that I had made a mistake.2). ____ did not return to the injured man for two hours.3). When a person immigrates to a new country, he should ______ adapt himself to the new environment.Answers: conscious, consciousness, consciously3. originate: v 发源、发生,与其同根的常见词汇：origin : n 起源、发源；original : a 原始的，新颖的；n 原著、原稿， originality : n 创新、创造力1). The use of steam originated many new reforms.2). I wonder the origins of life on the earth.3). The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America.4). The quarrel originated in conflicts between the two families.5). Her design is of great originality.4. imitator: n 模仿者，联想：imitate: v 模仿；imitation : n 模仿5. limitless : a 无限制的，与其同根的常见词汇：limit : n 极限，v 限定；limited ; a 有限的，limitation: n 局限1). His knowledge about insurance is rather ______.2). His energy seems to have no ____.3). A wise man knows his ____.4). In front of the ____ ocean, he found he was rather insignificant.Answers: limited, limits, limitation, limitless.6. penetrating: a 穿透的，贯穿的，动词：penetrate; 名词：penetration7. participant: n 参加者，参与者，与其同根的常见词汇：participate: v, participation : n 固定搭配：participatein sth.8. take over: 接管、接任、When he retired, his son took over business from him.9. take on : 担任，雇用1). He has taken on a new job.2). The employer takes on twenty more workers.Text B:10). composer: n 作曲家，动词compose，名词 composition11). inspire: v 鼓舞，产生灵感，inspiration : n 灵感Genius is 1% of inspiration and 99% of hard work.12. invariably: ad 不变地，同根词：variable: a 可变的；variety: n 各种各样，变化； vary : v 变化；various : a 各种各样的13. sake : n 缘故；for the sake of sth为了…的缘故，好处The company has decided foreconomy's sake to close down this department.14. harmony : n 协调， harmonize: v 使…和谐；harmonious : a 和谐的15. in a sense: 从某种意义上说。
《大学英语b复习资料》unit 4,book1 (uploaded
Paras 17-21 1. Why did Tony come to see Mr. Crawford again a year or two later? Was Mr. Crawford of help this time? How? 2. Why did Tony take home the discarded odds and ends?
11~13 Summer passed into fall 14-16 17-21 22-27 One day A year or two passed After about two years
28-33
n How Tony Fulfilled His American Dream
He’s my son after all. I can’t just turn him away when he is in trouble. 2. 请把煤气调小一些。 Please turn down the gas. 3. 把收音机关小一点好吗? Would you turn down your radio a little? 4. 演讲厅已经满了，许多学生被挡在了门外。 The lecture hall was already full and many of the students were turned away.
Para(s) 1~10 Time Expressions One evening during the Great Depression Tony’s Steps toward Success
11~13 Summer passed into fall 14-16 17-21 22-27 One day A year or two passed After about two years
大学英语4复习资料-答案
大学英语四复习资料Part 1. Communication skill.A 1. ---Would you please lend me your bike？---___________.A. SureB. No, thanksC. Never mindD. It was a pleasureD 2. --- Sorry, I can’t go shopping with you tonight.---___________.A. Why don’t you ask Bill?B. Excuse me. Which is the way to the shop?C. It’s very kind of youD. That’s OK. Maybe some other timeD 3. ---Would you do me a favor and give me a ride?---___________.A. Yes, that’s rightB. No troubleC. Never mindD. With pleasureA 4.---You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?---___________. How I wish to go there!A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I haven’tC. No, I haveD. No, I haven’tB 5. ---Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?---It___________.A. all dependB. all dependsC. is all dependedD. is all dependingD 6. ---I’11 be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? ---Not at all, ___________.A. I’ve no timeB. I’d rather notC. I’d like itD. I’d be happy toC 7. ---How often does he come here to learn lessons from you?---___________.A. Two daysB. Two days laterC. Once a weekD. In two days’ timeC 8. ---How often does he come here to learn lessons from you?---___________.A. Two daysB. Two days laterC. Once a weekD. In two days’ timeB 9. ---Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?---It___________.A. all dependB. all dependsC. is all dependedD. is all dependingD 10. ---I’11 be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? ---Not at all, ___________.A. I’ve no timeB. I’d rather notC. I’d like itD. I’d be happy toPart 2. Choose the best answer to each of the following sentences.B 1. I will give this dictionary to ________ wants to have it.A. whomeverB. whoeverC. whomD. whateverB 2. He didn’t know which room ________.A. they livedB. they lived inC. did they liveD. did they live inD 3. Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. thatD 4. Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. thatC 5. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if ________.A. breaksB. has brokenC. it were brokenD. had been brokenPart 3. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words given below (Please notice that not every one will be used). corner ambition foundation witness clarity coredecay alongside experimental minimum suspect for shortturbine rank devote dedicate keen strengthen1. He is a man of __ ambition __.2. Sugar can ___ decay ___ the teeth.3. The Congress has passed new policies to __ strengthen __ the economy.4. The _ core _ of the problem is a lack of funds.5. That boy is _ keen _ on learning to drive a car.6. He took a few __ experimental __ steps forward, then carefully took the descending steps.7. He is __ witness __ of cheating in the exam.8. Having __ devote _ all his time to work, he has made many great achievements all his life.9. He is the Chief Executive Officer of the company, or CEO __ for short _.10. We __ witness ___ the most important scientific development of the century.11. Put the cloth _ alongside __ real silk, and you will at once see the difference.12. He laid the _ foundation _of his success by studying and working hard.13. She ___ dedicate ___ her life to helping the poor.14. I remember the scene with complete___ clarity ___ .15. You must get a ___ minimum ___ of 40 questions right to pass the examination. Part 4. Reading.Task 1William (Bill) H. Gates is chairman of Microsoft Corporation, the worldwideleader in software, services and solutions that helps people and business realize their full potential. Microsoft had revenues of $44.28 billion for the fiscal year ending in June, 2006, and employs more than 71,000 people in 103 countries and regions.Born on Oct. 28th, 1955, Gates grew up in Seattle with his two sisters. Their father, William H. GatesⅡ, is a Seattle attorney. Their late mother, Mary Gates, was a schoolteacher. Gates attended public elementary school and the private Lakeside School. There, he discovered his interest in software and began programming computers at age 13.In 1973, Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman. While at Harvard, Gates developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcompute r —the MITS Altair.In his junior year, Gates left Harvard to devote his energies to Microsoft, a company he began in 1975 with his childhood friend Paul Allen. Guided by a belief that the computer would be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, they began developing software for personal computers, Gates’ forsight and his vision for personal computer have been central to the success of Microsoft and the software industry.Under Gates’leadership, Microsoft’s mission has been to continually advance and improve software technology, and to make it easier, more cost-effective and more enjoyable for people to use computers. The company is committed to a long-term view, reflected in its investment of approximately $6.2 billion on research and development in the 2005 fiscal year.In 1999, Gates wrote Business @ the Speed of Thought, a book that shows how computer technology can solve business problems in fundamentally new ways. The book was published in 25 languages and was available in more than 60 countries.Business @ the Speed of Thought has received wide critical acclaim, and was listed on the best-seller lists of the New York Times, USA Today, The Wall Street Journal. Gates’previous book, The Road Ahead, published in 1995, held the No. 1 spot on t he New York Times’bestseller list for seven weeks. Gates has donated the proceeds of both books to non-profit organizations that support the use of technology in education and skills development.In addition to his love of computers and software, Gates founded Corbis, which is developing one of the world’s largest resources of visual information—acomprehensive digital archive of art and photography from public and private collections around the globe. He is also a member of the board of directors of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. , which invests in companies engaged in diverse business activities.Gates was married to Melinda French Gates on Jan. 1st, 1994. They have three children. Gates is an avid reader, and enjoys playing golf and bridge.On June 15th, 2006, Microsoft announced that in July 2008, Gates will transit a day-to-day role in the company to spend more time on his global health and education work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.D 1. What is the purpose of the Microsoft Corporation?A. To help people and business earn more money.B. To make themselves well-known.C. To make more money for their own company.D. To help people and business realize their full potential.C 2. When did Gates leave Harvard?A. In his freshmen year.B. In his sophomore year.C. In his junior year.D. In his senior year.D 3. Why did Bill Gates leave Harvard University?A. He was not used to the circumstance there.B. He always failed in exams.C. He was sent down by the school authorities.D. He wanted to devote to Microsoft.A 4. What mainly leads to the success of Microsoft and the software industry?A. Bill Gates’ foresight and his vision for personal computer.B. Gates’ good luck.C. The fact that other industries were backward.D. Other companies were reluctant to develop software.D 5. Which of the following statements is Not right as to the commitment of Microsoft?A. To continually advance software technology.B. To continually improve software technology.C. To make it easier, more cost-effective and more enjoyable for people to use computers.D. To monopolize the software technology development and research.Part 5. Translation.1. What we need to do is to (把理论和实践结合起来）____fell theory and practice together _.2. He made （突然折回）____turn back suddenly____________________ and passed us again.3.（出现紧急情况时）____When something emergency happen ________, call the police.4.（你有什么条件）____what are your conditions____________________ to apply for this job?5. Who（有常识的人）________has common sense ____________________will do such a thing?6. The calculator is（迅速取代）__________replacing rapidly________________abacus （算盘）.7. The rumor rocks（他们信念的基础）______the basic of their faith___________________.8. The tree（投影在窗子上）______drop shadow on the window________________________.9. The calculator is（迅速取代）__________ replacing rapidly ________________abacus （算盘）.10. That building has been（改成学校了）_______ converted into a school__________________.。
综合英语4 Unit9-Unit14 课文课后翻译
Unit9一、英译汉1、It was traumatic moving from the warm,easy ways of catfish country to the harshclimate of the north,where people seemed so different.从那生活舒适而温暖的鲶鱼之乡搬到气候严酷而且人似乎也大不相同的北方，是一件令人不安的事。
2、I stood amazed and floated back to my desk in a daze,and wild applause.我惊讶地站着，然后在一片热烈的掌声中恍恍惚惚地飘回到我的座位上。
3、That awful feeling of of my voice being trapped got worse as I grew older.随着年龄的增长，我那种嗓音被卡在喉咙里的感觉变得更加糟糕了。
4、Though my mentor could no longer see,he was still living in a world vibrant withall of the beautiful treasures he had stored.尽管我的老师再也看不见了，他却依然生活在一个充满着他以前收藏的奇珍异宝的世界里。
二、汉译英1、随着经济的发展，大量农民从乡村涌进城市打工。
(flood)With the development of economy, large numbers of farmers flooded from the countryside into cities to seek a job.2、他年纪虽小，但评委们一致认为他在本次国际钢琴比赛上的表现已经接近完美。
(come close to)Young as he is, all judges share the opinion that his performance at theinternational piano competition has come close to perfection.3、也许是因为喝了烈性酒的关系，她在去伦敦的路上一直恍恍惚惚的。
卡内基名言总结（英语）
卡内基名⾔总结（英语）卡内基《⼈性的弱点》名⾔总结how to win people and influence people1. “Any fool can criticize, condemn, and complain – and most fools do. But it takes character and self-control to be understanding and forgiving.”2. Begin improvement with yourself.3. “You can make more friends in two months by becoming interested in other people than you can in two years by trying to get other people interested in you.”4. A good conversationalist is a good listener.5. “Always make the other person feel important.”6. Little courtesies go a long way. Phrases such as “I’m sorry to trouble you,” “Won’t you please,”and “Thank you” work wonders.7. When you are wrong, admit it quickly and openly.8. Sympathy is what three-fourths of the people you meet are thirsting for. “Give it to them, and they will love you.”dentist9. “Beginning [criticism] with praise is like the who begins his work with Novocain.”10. When dealing with sensitive people, call attention to their mistakes indirectly.Full Summary of How to Win Friends & Influence PeopleI. Fundamental Techniques in Handling Peoplea. If You Want to Gather Honey, Don’t Kick Over the Beehivei. Criticizing people won’t get you anywhere.Naturally, people don’t blame themselves for anything – no matter how wrong they may be. Rewarding people when they do something right is much more effective than punishment for bad behavior.ii. Begin improvement with yourself. A good example from Confucius: “Don’t complain about the snow on your neighbor’s roof when your own doorstep is unclean.”iii. Instead of condemning people, try to figure out why they do what they do. Understanding brings sympathy, tolerance, and kindness. “To know all is to forgive all.”b. The Big Secret of Dealing with Peoplei. There is one way to get anybody to do anything: make the other person want to do it. What dopeople want? Here are a few things: health, food, sleep, money, and a feeling of importance.ii. How you get your feeling of importance determines your character. This is the most significant thing about you.iii. The ability to deal with people is nearly priceless. Charles Schwab figured this out in the 1920’s. Here is a quote from him: “I consider my ability to arouse enthusiasm among my people the greatest asset I possess, and the way to develop the best that is in a person is by appreciation and encouragement… I believe in giving a person incentive to work.”iv. The difference between appreciation and flattery is sincerity. Appreciation comes unselfishly from the heart.c. “He Who Can Do This Has the Whole World with Him. He Who Cannot Walks a Lonely Way.”i.“Bait the hook to suit the fish.” I couldn’t catch a fish with ice cream, even though it is my favorite food. Think about what the fish would want – a worm or a grasshopper. Talk with people about what they want, not what you want. “The only way on earth to influence other people is to talk about what they want and show them how to get it.”ii. “Arouse in the other person an eager want.” Instead of boasting a wonderful idea as your own, let the other person kick around the idea, and then they will consider it their own. For example, if your son doesn’t want to eat healthy foods, you must show him the benefits of eating well that will benefit him, not what will benefit you. You could mention that eating his vegetables will help him grow bigger and stronger than the bully down the street, and the bully would no longer be able to take away his bicycle.II. Six Ways to Make People Like Youa. Do This and You’ll Be Welcome Anywherei.“You can make more friends in two months by becoming interested in other people than you can in two years by trying to get other people interested in you.” Real friends are not made by trying to impress people; you must have a genuine interest in them.energyii. To make friends, do things for other people that require your time and. Do things that are unselfish and thoughtful. A very simple example of this is remembering people’s birthdays. iii. Be sincere when showing interest in someone. Both parties must benefit because this is a two way street. Publilius Syrus said, “We are interested in others when they are interested in us.”b. A Simple Way to Make a Good First Impressioni. The expression you have on your face is much more important than the clothes you wear on your back. A smile says, “I like you. You make me happy. I am glad to see you.” This is the same effect that an eager dog has when you enter someone’s home – you can’t help but be glad to see the dog.ii. An insincere smile fools no one. A smile is so powerful that you can hear it when speaking to someone over the telephone, even though you can’t actually see their face. Chances are, if you smile at someone, they will smile back.iii. People rarely succeed at anything unless they have fun doing it. So be happy! Our own happiness depends on inner, not outward, conditions. Your thoughts and mental attitude affectyour happiness. A quote from Abraham Lincoln: “Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be.”c. If You Don’t Do This, You Are Headed for Troublei. Call people by their first name. Don’t use a nickname for someone just because it is difficult to pronounce their name. Practice it until you get it right. A person’s name is their favorite word to hear.ii. A good way to warm up a cold, corporate business is to remember people’s names. It makes people feel important, and all it takes is a little time and energy to fix someone’s name in your mind.d. An Easy Way to Become a Good Conversationalisti. Listen intently. A good conversationalist is a good listener. Encourage people to talk about their interests, and listen to them exclusively.ii. Listen actively with your ears and your eyes. Don’t be concerned about what you are going to say next – keep your ears open. The ability to listen is rarer than almost any other good trait. e. How to Interest Peoplei. The path to a person’s heart is to talk about the things that someone treasures most. If you know that your lunch date for tomorrow loves sail boats, do some research on it tonight.ii. People are very easy to approach if you know their interests. By beginning the previously mentioned lunch date by talking about sail boats, the person will be more open to give you a job, do you a favor, or whatever your motivation was for having lunch with them. “Talking in terms of the other person’s interests pays off for both parties.”f.How to Make People Like You Instantlyi. Do something for someone without wanting anything in return (except maybe a smile.) Compliment the bank teller or the post office worker for the sole purpose of making their day better.ii.“Always make the other person feel important.” The deepest urge in human nature is the desire to feel important.iii. Follow the golden rule: “Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.” Obey this rule all the time and everywhere you go.iv. Little courtesies go a long way. Phrases such as “I’m sorry to trouble you,” “Won’t you please,” and “Thank you” work wonders.III.How to Win People to Your Way of Thinkinga.You Can’t Win an Argumenti. To get the best of an argument, avoid the situation all together. “Nine times out of ten, an argument ends with each of the contestants more firmly convinced than ever that he is absolutely right.”ii. Suggestions for keeping a disagreement from becoming an argument:1. “Distrust your first instinctive impression.” A person’s natural reaction to an argument is to be defensive. Instead, we should keep calm and be careful about what we say.2. “Listen First.” Let the other person speak until they have no words left, then try to build bridges of understanding.3. “Be honest.” Find areas where you are wrong, and admit it.b. A Sure Way of Making Enemies – and How to Avoid Iti. Never tell someone they are wrong. That is seen as a challenge, and will make the other person want to battle with you. Lord Chesterfield once said to his son, “Be wiser than other people if you can; but do not tell them so.”ii. A positive phrase such as, “I may be wrong. I frequently am. Let’s examine the facts” will open the door for friendly discussion, instead of a bitter challenge.c. If You’re Wrong, Admit Iti. When you are wrong, admit it quickly and openly.ii. Criticize yourself before the other person can criticize you – it will take the fight right out of them.d.A Drop of Honeyi. A friendly, sympathetic approach will almost guarantee you anything you could possibly want. Gentleness and friendliness are stronger than fury and force.ii. “A drop of honey catches more flies than gall” is an old saying that remains true today. People never react positively to a negative approach.e. The Secret of Socratesi. “In talking with people, don’t begin by discussing the things on which you differ. Begin by emphasizing the things on which you agree.” Highlight that you have the same purpose in the end. ii. Ask questions that will get a “yes” response to prove your point. This leads to convincing the other person of your point of view. For example, “Would you agree that we both want what is best for the company?”Safetyf. The Valve in Handling Complaintsi. Stop talking so much. If someone is coming to you with a problem, they know much more about the problem than you do, so don’t interrupt them unless you are asking questions.ii. “Listen patiently and with an open mind.” Ask the person to express their thoughts fully. g. How to Get Cooperationi. People are much more enthused when an idea is their own. Throw out some suggestions, and let others come up with the bright idea. They will work harder and more passionately.ii. Let someone sell themselves on a product or service. Encourage them to speak with someone who is satisfied with your product rather than being a “typical salesperson” that is seen as pushy.h. A Formula That Will Work Wonders for Youi. Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Try seeing things from their perspective and don’t condemn. “Success in dealing with people depends on a sympathetic grasp of the other person’s viewpoint.”ii. Show consideration to the other person’s ideas. Let them know that their feelings are just as important to you as your own feelings.i. What Everybody Wantsi. “I don’t blame you for feeling as you do. If I were you I would feel the same way.” This simple phrase has the power to stop arguments, create good will, and make the other person listen attentively.ii. Sympathy is what three-fourths of the people you meet are thirsting for. “Give it to them, and they will love you.”j. When Nothing Else Works, Try Thisi. Stimulating competition is a great way to get things done. It is simply human nature to want to beat the other team, crew, or shift.ii. What motivates workers more than money, benefits, and good working conditions? The work itself. “If the work was interesting and exciting, the worker looked forward to doing it and was motivated to do a good job.”IV. Be a Leader: How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment a.If You Must Find Fault, This Is the Way to Begini. “It is always easier to listen to unpleasant things after we have heard some praise of our good points.” For example, before reprimanding someone for being late for work, compliment them on their shirt, new haircut, or positive attitude.ii. “Beginning with praise is like the dentist who begins his work with Novocain.” To get an employee to work more efficiently, it may be as simple as showing your confidence in that person.b. How to Criticize – and Not Be Hated For Iti. Most people say something positive, followed with the word “but,” and conclude with criticism. This makes people doubt the credibility of the positive statement. Instead, replace the word “but” with “and.” An example of parents speaking to a child: “We’re proud of you for raising your grades this semester, and by keeping up the same hard work next semester, your algebra grade will be as high as all your other grades.”ii. When dealing with sensitive people, call attention to their mistakes indirectly. This way, no one’s feelings get hurt, and they will make the proper corrections without embarrassment.c. Talk About Your Own Mistakes Firsti. If you are dealing with someone younger than you, stop and think of the mistakes you made when you were that age. Your harsh words should become much kinder.ii. Humble yourself and praise the other person. You both are only human and have made mistakes in the past and will continue to do so in the future.d. No One Likes to Take Ordersi. Rather than give commands to people, phrase your suggestions as follows: “You might consider this,” or “Do you think that would work?”ii. Give people the opportunity to do things themselves. This way, people will learn from their mistakes and give them a feeling of importance.e. Give a Dog a Good Namei. When you remind a recently lethargic employee of their previously exceptional good work, you will set the bar for them by using their own standards.ii.“Give a dog a bad name and you may as well hang him. But give him a good name – and see what happens!” I love what Carnegie goes on to say about this quotation. “If you want to improve a person in a certain respect, act as though that particular trait were already one of his or her outstanding characteristics.”f. Make the Fault Seem Easy to Correcti. Never tell a person that they are bad at a certain thing, or that they are doing something all wrong. That will destroy all of their motivation to try to improve.ii. Be liberal with encouragement and make the thing that they are attempting seem easy to do. Let the person know that you have faith in their ability and they will practice with no end.g. Making People Glad to Do What You Wanti. Instead of simply rejecting someone’s request for you to speak at their function, add the name of someone else that might be able to speak at the function in place of you.ii. Carnegie lists a few guidelines for an effective leader and what they should keep in mind when it is necessary to change someone’s attitudes or behaviors:1. Be sincere. Do not promise anything that you cannot deliver.2. Know exactly what it is you want the other person to do.3. Be empathetic. Ask yourself what the other person really wants.4. Consider the benefits that person will receive from doing what you suggest.5. Match those benefits to the other person’s wants.6. When you make your request, put it in a form that will convey to the other person the idea that he or she will personally benefit.iii. This technique will not work 100% of the time, but if it works 10% of the time, you have become a more efficient leader than you were.。
关于石油大王安德鲁卡内基Andrew Carnegie_英语作文
关于石油大王安德鲁卡内基Andrew Carnegie
安德鲁卡内基，作为钢铁大王知道，建于美国的钢铁工业，并在这个过程中，他变成了美国最富有的人之一。
他的成功，从他的能力，销售产品的一部分，并从他在经济衰退期间，当他的多数对手都在缩减投资扩张政策的一部分。
卡内基认为个人应该通过努力工作取得进展，但他也强烈地感到有钱人应该用于造福社会的财富。
他反对慈善事业，更愿意提供教育机会，让别人来帮助自己。
“谁死了丰富的，死得可耻，”他常常说。
在他对社会的较突出贡献的是那些以他的名字，包括美国匹兹堡卡内基研究所，其中有一个图书馆，一个美术馆和一个国家历史博物馆。
他还创立了一所科技学校，现在是卡内基梅隆大学的一部分。
其他philanthrophic礼物是卡内基国际和平基金会，以促进各国之间的理解，华盛顿卡内基研究所的科研基金，以及卡内基音乐厅，以提供一个艺术中心。
一些美国人已经被原封不动安德鲁卡内基的慷慨大度。
超过五百万美元的捐款，他在全国各地建立2500个小型社区图书馆，形成了公共图书馆系统的核心，我们今天还在享用。
——文章来源网，仅供分享学习参考~ 1 ~。
2025英语复习讲义选择性必修第四册Unit 1Honesty and responsibility
10 mercy
n.仁慈，宽恕 →merciful adj.仁慈的，怜悯的 →merciless adj.无情的
at the mercy of任……处置，对……无能为力 show mercy to对……怜悯/宽恕 have mercy on/upon对……怜悯/宽恕 without mercy毫不怜悯地
7 disappointed →disappointment n.[U]失望；[C]令人失望的人或事物
→disappointing adj.令人失望的 →disappoint v.使失望
·be disappointed at/by/in/with...对……失望 be disappointed to do...因做……而失望
速记 易学易记点
34 sew 35 embrace 36 phase 37 anchor
vi.& vt.(sewed，sewn)缝，做针线活；缝上 vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱 n.阶段，时期 n.锚；给以安全感的人(或物) vi.& vt.抛锚；使固定
速记 易学易记点
38 likewise 39 deadline 40 fault
adj.社会主义的 n.社会主义者 adj.社会的；社交的 n.社会 n.社会主义
速记 易学易记点
57 photographer →photography
n.摄影师，拍照者 n.摄影；摄影术
58 guidance →guide
n.指导；导航 vt.带领；引导 n.向导
under the guidance of sb 在某人的指导下
23 ward
大学英语4复习
2. Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.
7. 哈内德先生高高瘦瘦，小小的秃脑袋，尖尖的下巴，那 副眼镜奇大。我一下子害怕得哆嗦起来。他的脑袋就像 是山顶上的庙宇，就像北海公园山上的白塔。
Mr. Harned was very tall, thin, with a small bald head, a long chin, enormous glasses. I immediately began to quiver with fright. His head was like a temple on top of a mountain, like the white pagoda on the hill in the North Sea Park.的确如此。但如 今已不再是一生被聘去做一个工作了。
11
3. Don’t ever let anyone tell you that you can’t accomplish your goals. Who says you’re not tougher, harder working and more able than your competition? You see, a goal is a dream with a deadline: in writing, measurable, identifiable, attainable.
Proverbs and Quotations 1. Activity is the only road to knowledge.
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复习资料（4）Learn new words and phrases1. resolve: v 旋转，常见搭配关系为：resolve around sb/sth围绕…转。
She spends all of her time resolving around her family.The earth resolves around the sun.2. solar: a 太阳的，日光的solar energy太阳能；solar system太阳系；solar month阳历月3. concerned: a 有关的、担心的Her job is something concerned with computer.He is concerned about the result of the exam.4. colored: a 有色的，对比；colorful: a 丰富多彩的I like orange-colored coat.Everybody likes colorful life.5. religion: n 宗教，religious: a 虔诚的；请对比：region: n 地区；regional: a 地区的6. circumstance: n 情况、境遇；Under no circumstances can we waste time.7. a great many = a number of = many很多，修饰复数名词。
而a great deal of + u.nA great many students are absent today.I have wasted a great deal of time.8. above all: 首先、首要After the war, he longed above all to see his wife and family.9. as a rule: 通常、一般而言As a rule, I only watch sports news.Analyze the important sentences among the text:1. First of all, let us consider the earth as a planet revolving around the sun. (p1)译：首先，让我们把地球看作是围绕太阳运行的一颗行星。
句子分析：first of all首先，词组：consider sth as sth把…当作…，与之类似的词组还有：look up sth as sth; review sth as sth; treat sth as sth…; revolving around the sun是现在分词短语作定语修饰a planet。
2. These nine planets, together with the sun, make up what is called our solar system. (p1) 译：这九大行星和太阳一起构成我们所说的太阳系。
句子分析：该句主语为：These nine planets；谓语是make up；what is called our solar system是宾语；together with the sun是状语，而并非句子主语。
关于该语法内容请见本讲后面的grammar---主谓一致。
3. How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy is largely a mystery …… (p1)译：这个奇妙的星系是怎样起源的？什么使它保持极其精确的运转，很大程度上现在还是一个谜。
句子分析：这也是一个主语很复杂的句子：How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy是主语，它是一个主语从句。
关于该语法内容请见本讲后面的grammar---主谓一致。
4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. (p4)译：水域的总面积大约是陆地面积的三倍大。
句子分析：该句的核心句型是A + be + 倍数+ as + adj + as + B.e.g. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific Ocean.5. These currents are important because they affected the climate of the land areas close to where they flow and also because they carry large quantities of microscope animal and vegetable life which forms a large part of the food for fishes. (p5) 译：这些海洋之所以重要是因为他们影响着所流经区域的附近陆地的气候，也是因为它们携带大量的微生物，植物，而这些构成鱼类食品的一大部分。
句子分析：这是一个由because引导的主从复合句，其中close to where they flow是定语，修饰the land areas；词组：large quantities of + c.n/u.n; which forms a large part of the food for fishes是定语从句修饰animal and vegetable life。
其中life是指生命，不可数名词。
6. The circumstances under which different people live make a difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our business to try to understandthose different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands. (p8)译：不同民族的生活环境造就了他们和我们极为不同的生活方式，我们应该做的是去了解他们不同的生活环境以便可以更好理解其他地区的人们。
句子分析：该句中的under which和in which 又是介词+which的定语从句用法，修饰The circumstances和the way；so that引导的时目的状语从句。
其中：make a diference;使…不同，产生差异；business 是指责任；7. Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the kind of lives they have to live.译：其中很重要的实在没有对于与我们不同的人们和他们必须过的那种生活有大量的了解之前，我们应该避免对他们有先入为主的看法。
句子分析：Above all是状语，意思是最重要的，首先；we主语；should avoid谓语；deciding what we think about people different from ourselves宾语；without first…状语。
different fromourselves是定语，修饰people; having learned动名词的完成时态，表示这个动作早于deciding发生。
重要词组：above all; avoid doing; a great deal8. It is true to say that the more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas and as a rule, the better we like those people themselves.译：确实我们了解其他人越多，我们就越能理解他们的观点，通常我们就更喜欢那些人。
句子分析：该句的主要结构为：the more…the more…the better意思：越…就越…；如：The longer you keep this wine, the better it tastes.The busier I am, the happier I am.Grammar 主谓一致主谓一致是指句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上须保持一致。
我们一般遵从三个原则：1、语法一致的原则：是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。
2、意义一致的原则：指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志，主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。
如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。
3、就近原则：是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词。
主谓一致的热点1．由many a 或more than + 单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。
Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.More than one student has visited the exhibition.2．“……的几分之几”和“……的百分之几” 作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于of 后的名词。
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.40 percent of the students in our class are girls.3．“a number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；“ the number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。
A number of pupils like reading picture-books.The number of the students in our class is 55.4．并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词。