China's Big-Three Oil Companies Restructured for Higher Competitiveness
大庆的英文介绍
7/8/2014
7/8/2014
Daqing is China‘s largest oil field and an important petrochemical base. Oil production 50 years ago, accumulatively countries to contribute 2 billion tons of crude oil, profits and taxes turned over 1.7 trillion yuan and exports worth 50 billion U.S. dollars; dynamic farming, animal husbandry and high-tech industries are also the local pillar industries. Daqing ranks No. 19 at the national competitions in the city ’ s comprehensive strength which was announced by the National B u 国家统计局 r e a u o f Statistics( ).
7/8/2014
7/8/2014
Daqing’s Own Nest
Daqing is a young city,where is filled lively and vibrant from a wasteland to the charming new city today.It including three venues:Comprehensive Hall,Swimming Hall,Speed 2014
The name means “Great Celebration ” , for it is discovered on 1959.9.26, just before the day commemorated our country established for 10 years. Daqing is an oil, petrochemical and high-tech industry city, it is a shining pearl in the north country, known as the "green oil-based capital, natural 100 Lake Springs township" . City, the North Hot
大专a级英语考试真题
大专a级英语考试真题1)、He _______ in jail because he broke the traffic law last night. [单选题]A、was put(正确答案)B、drankC、was drinkingD、put2)、They must try to _______ the boundaries of knowledge. [单选题]A、extend(正确答案)B、increaseC、enrichD、develop3)、He did not _______ on my proposal about the new project. [单选题]A、recommendB、comment(正确答案)C、commandD、mount4)、He _______ to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago. [单选题]A、can’t goB、can’t have gone(正确答案)C、didn’t goD、couldn't go5)、As a result of his hard work, he has gained _______ to the Beijing University. [单选题]A、admission(正确答案)B、rewardC、opportunityD、achievement6)、I many projects and gained skills in this area . [单选题]A、joined(正确答案)B、rewardedC、recognizedD、played7)、Listen! The baby _______ in the next room. [单选题]A、criesB、criedC、is crying(正确答案)D、has cried8)、I enjoy _______ books in the library. [单选题]A、readB、reading(正确答案)C、to readD、have read9)、They work in the same company and they are _______ with each other. [单选题]A、goodB、familiar(正确答案)C、interestedD、sad10)、I would like to do the job _______ you don’t force me to study. [单选题]A、in caseB、althoughC、as long as(正确答案)D、even if11)、_______ he left school at 16, he still managed to become a great writer. [单选题]A、Even though(正确答案)B、Even ifC、Even althoughD、But12)、Many western festivals are _______ at the very beginning. [单选题]A、traditionalB、religious(正确答案)C、originalD、interesting13)、Kids must _______ when they walk to school. [单选题]A、on guardB、be on their guard(正确答案)C、on their guardD、been on their guard14)、Bankers were __________ of a world banking crisis. [单选题]A、fearful(正确答案)B、fearC、tiedD、tired15)、This is not like him. Something _______ be wrong. [单选题]A、must(正确答案)B、canC、mayD、might16)、The novel I bought last week is _______ of reading I think. [单选题]A、worthy(正确答案)B、worthC、that worthD、that is worth17)、The police saw him _______ on the ground when they arrived. [单选题]A、to lieB、layC、lying(正确答案)D、lain18)、The gunman stood _______ the theatre and shoot at the audience inside. [单选题]A、at front ofB、at the front of(正确答案)C、on front ofD、front of19)、-Which is the _______ season in Shanghai? [单选题]- I think it’s autumn.A、goodB、betterC、best(正确答案)D、fine20)、I am very familiar with him, so I recognized his voice _______. [单选题]A、particularlyB、especiallyC、immediately(正确答案)D、finally21)、The air in Beijing is getting much _______ now than a few years ago. [单选题]A、cleanB、more cleanerC、cleaner(正确答案)D、most clean22)、Everything in it _______ that Jacob is a Christian. [单选题]A、suggests(正确答案)B、celebratesC、yieldsD、makes23)、- _______ do you usually travel abroad? [单选题]- Once a year.A、How often(正确答案)B、How longC、How much timeD、How many years24)、The _______ were shocked to see the workers pulling the car along the street. [单选题]A、passers-by(正确答案)B、passer-bysC、passers-bysD、passer-by25)、_______ day of June is International Children's Day. [单选题]A、The first(正确答案)B、FirstC、OneD、One first26)、There are some visitors _______ to our marketing department next week. [单选题]A、comeB、coming(正确答案)C、to comingD、came27)、She is _______ General Manager of _______ big company. [单选题]A、a, anB、the, a(正确答案)C、a, theD、the, the28)、I am very pleased to be a member of the _______. [单选题]A、houseB、household(正确答案)C、homeD、mansion29)、I hope our plan will _______ by the board. [单选题]A、approveB、be approvingC、be approved(正确答案)D、been approved30)、You’d better _______ at home and _______ your homework. [单选题]A、to stay, doB、stay, do(正确答案)C、stay, to doD、to stay, to do31)、I thought you _______ like something to read. So I have brought you some books. [单选题]A、willB、might(正确答案)C、canD、shall32)、People can't live without _______ sun. [单选题]A、aB、anC、the(正确答案)D、/33)、_______ she wins _______ loses, this is her last chance. [单选题]B、Whether…or(正确答案)C、Whether…or notD、If...or not34)、Jack _______ his mobile phone at home this morning. [单选题]A、leaveB、left(正确答案)C、leavedD、have left35)、Tom is good at playing _______ piano. [单选题]A、aB、anC、the(正确答案)D、/36)、The light is still on. He _______ in the office now. [单选题]A、must workB、must be working(正确答案)C、can’t be workingD、can work37)、I’d like to know what time we can get the container _______ it is in the port. [单选题]B、when(正确答案)C、whereD、what38)、We lived in the same village then and had an amazing _______ together. [单选题]A、childhood(正确答案)B、shareC、hardshipD、parenthood39)、It’s 8 o’clock. The students _______ an English class. [单选题]A、haveB、havingC、are having(正确答案)D、will have40)、The train is running fifty miles _______. [单选题]A、an hour(正确答案)B、the hourC、a hourD、an hours41)、They _______ some social work at the weekends. [单选题]A、do(正确答案)C、didD、done42)、I saw him _______，and afterwards he was caught by the police. [单选题]A、steal(正确答案)B、stoleC、stolenD、been stolen43)、She also suggests that foreign students ____ housing with American students. [单选题]A、share(正确答案)B、will shareC、sharedD、shares44)、John _______ three bottles of beer just now, so he can’t drive himself home now. [单选题]A、does drinkB、did drink(正确答案)C、do drinkD、done drink45)、Peter _______ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure. [单选题]B、may(正确答案)C、canD、shall46)、Social workers should learn how to _______ people. [单选题]A、look atB、look intoC、look after(正确答案)D、look up47)、It's been a(n) _______ tradition ever since. People celebrate it every year. [单选题]A、annual(正确答案)B、deliciousC、crowdedD、biannual48)、They often saw me _______. [单选题]A、in and aboutB、about and outC、out and about(正确答案)D、in and out49)、We can’t afford a bicycle, _______ a car. [单选题]A、even ifB、let alone(正确答案)C、let outD、though50)、The old lady _______ Tom for breaking the window. [单选题]A、blamed(正确答案)B、praisedC、askedD、inquired51)、Bai Mei doesn't know Liu Hui, so Zhuang Hua _______ her to Liu Hui. [单选题]A、introduces(正确答案)B、speaksC、talksD、tells52)、The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month. It is the time when the moon is said to be ____ its brightest and fullest. [单选题]A、at(正确答案)B、inC、onD、for53)、The street is _______ for five cars to go side by side. [单选题]A、wideC、enough wideD、wider enough54)、_______ students are playing on the ground. [单选题]A、The number ofB、A number of(正确答案)C、A numberD、The number55)、Well, I heard him _________ he'd cover the afternoon shift. [单选题]A、say(正确答案)B、saidC、to sayD、to have said56)、We stopped _______ when the teacher asked us to be quiet. [单选题]A、talkB、talking(正确答案)C、to talkD、talked57)、Jim is one of the most popular ________ in my company. [单选题]A、classmatesB、citizensD、students58)、I _______ an Open University student. [单选题]A、am(正确答案)B、areC、isD、been59)、Tom is a worker. He _______ in a factory and his sisters _______ in a hospital. [单选题]A、work, workB、works, work(正确答案)C、work, worksD、works, works60)、The police asked the driver to _______ the car to have an alcohol test. [单选题]A、pull over(正确答案)B、pull outC、pull onD、pull down61)、The government _______ them with accommodation. [单选题]A、offersB、givesD、makes62)、I would _______ any weakness and any fear. [单选题]A、comeB、overcome(正确答案)C、throwD、give in63)、They have lived next to this mountain for _________. [单选题]A、circumstancesB、occasionsC、generations(正确答案)D、celebration64)、The case happened _______ Tuesday afternoon. [单选题]A、inB、on(正确答案)C、atD、/65)、Is Sunday the _______ day of the week? [单选题]A、oneB、first(正确答案)C、onceD、only66)、The CEO _______ that Tony was appointed as the manager of the marketing department in today's meeting. [单选题]A、announced(正确答案)B、declinedC、attendedD、guessed67)、He _______ be over 40 years old. He looks so young! [单选题]A、may notB、can not(正确答案)C、need notD、shoud not68)、China is _______ country in the world. [单选题]A、the third largest(正确答案)B、the largest thirdC、the third largeD、the large thrid69)、He is respected as a very aggressive and ________ executive. [单选题]A、competitive(正确答案)B、completedC、complicatedD、charitable70)、Tom is considered to be _______ the other students in her class. [单选题]A、less intelligentB、the most intelligentC、as intelligent as(正确答案)D、more intelligent71)、John _______ go to the concert tomorrow because of a serious cold. [单选题]A、mightB、can’t(正确答案)C、mustD、should72)、He usually _______ from headache. [单选题]A、enduresB、suffers(正确答案)C、receivesD、hears73)、They got there an hour __________ than the others. [单选题]A、earlyB、much earlyC、earlier(正确答案)D、more earlier74)、_______ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speakers by _______ year 2090. [单选题]A、A, the(正确答案)B、A, /C、The, /D、/, /75)、Well, I hope you _______ coming to the party tomorrow afternoon. [单选题]A、are all(正确答案)B、all areC、allD、all will76)、He _______ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. [单选题]A、givesB、is going to give(正确答案)C、gaveD、is given77)、You are _______ to finish your homework on time. [单选题]A、supposingB、supposed(正确答案)C、not supposedD、been supposed78)、A student will probably attend four or five courses during each _______. [单选题]A、seminarB、semester(正确答案)C、seasonD、school79)、You’d better _______ the car because you are drunk. [单选题]A、let me drive(正确答案)B、let me to drive toC、to let me driveD、not let me drive80)、It was raining hard when he _______ home. [单选题]A、got(正确答案)B、getsC、is gettingD、getting81)、They _______ some social work at the weekends last year. [单选题]A、doB、doesC、did(正确答案)D、have done82)、He gave no _______ of being a suspect. [单选题]A、accidentB、incidentC、indication(正确答案)D、imagination83)、Joan has been charged ____ a misdemeanor by asking her 13-year-old son to drive, putting her child in a dangerous situation. [单选题]A、ofB、with(正确答案)C、forD、in84)、The _______ driver was seriously hurt in the traffic accident. [单选题]A、40-years-oldB、40-year-old(正确答案)C、40 year oldD、40 years old85)、He suggested that the drunk driver _______. [单选题]A、be punished(正确答案)B、to be punishedC、punishedD、been punished86)、The schools informed the parents _______ the case immediately. [单选题]A、inB、toC、of(正确答案)D、for87)、The girl _______ the case to the staff when her parents arrived. [单选题]A、was reporting(正确答案)B、reportedC、were reportingD、has been reported88)、The pace of _______ growth is picking up. [单选题]A、economyB、economicalC、economic(正确答案)D、econimics89)、Don’t forget to _______ your seat belt when you 're driving. [单选题]A、put upB、put offC、put on(正确答案)D、put away90)、May is _______ of the year. [单选题]A、the fifth month(正确答案)B、the five monthsC、the five monthD、the fifth months91)、The higher the temperature，_______ the liquid evaporates. [单选题]A、the faster(正确答案)B、fasterC、the slowerD、slower92)、If it rains tomorrow, we _________ to picnic. [单选题]A、wouldn't go toB、can't goC、won't go(正确答案)D、should go93)、He made up a good _______ for staying at home. [单选题]A、reasonB、explanationC、excuse(正确答案)D、precondition94)、Many people live in large families. In a big family, all the people share one _______. [单选题]A、roomB、familyC、household(正确答案)D、building95)、The couple was _______ that they couldn’t drive home. [单选题]A、so drunk(正确答案)B、too drunkC、drunk enoughD、such drunk96)、When you feel _______, you should go to see a doctor. [单选题]A、sick(正确答案)B、safeC、sadD、sullen97)、The little girl was _________ that she could not utter a sound. [单选题]A、so scared(正确答案)B、too scaredC、scared enoughD、such scared98)、The firefighters are going to _______ the cause of the fire. [单选题]A、look into(正确答案)B、look upC、look downD、look around99)、The traffic accident _______ three days ago. [单选题]A、happensB、took place(正确答案)C、was occurredD、took100)、Our classroom is _______ beautiful than theirs. [单选题]A、more(正确答案)B、veryC、muchD、most。
中石化职称英语(高级含教授级)汉译英复习材料(通用+炼化工程)
U1 How to be happy1、吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和有很大影响。
Noisy neighbors are one of the major causes of domestic upset.2、在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪。
A colleague at work who bullies or dismisses us creates untold wretchedness.3、我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。
We can never fully adapt to hostile relationships, which inevitably damage our wellbeing.4、如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。
If this bad mood stays inside our mind, it will lead us to an unresolved destructive depression.5、我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。
We should not avoid these problems but face them instead.U21、随着大量市民被迫迁到遥远的效外，汽车的需求量正在飞涨。
The demand for cars is soaring as growing numbers of citizens are pushed into distant suburbs.2、生态城市将把传统设计要素同最先进的绿色技术相结合。
The eco-city will combine elements of traditional design with the latest green technologies.3、预计到2010年将有一千辆燃料电池车投入使用，而到2012年将增至一万辆。
CHINA’S CARBON NEUTRALITY PLEDGE
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of our times. Global warming has causedextreme weather events, losses of species and their habitats, rising sea levels, and a range ofother impacts. These pose fundamental threats to the livelihood of humans. “The speed at which temperatures are increasing is alarming,” said Pascal Peduzzi, director of GRID-Geneva at the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). To fight climate change, all the countries must take action and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.China aims to peak its CO2 emissions CHINA’S CARBON NEUTRALITY PLEDGE12before 2030 and achieve carbonneutrality before 2060, according to an announcement from Chinese President Xi Jinping at the general debate of the 75th session of the United NationsGeneral Assembly via video in September 2020.Since then, vigorous policies have been rolled out in addition to already hefty input in green development. At a March meeting of the Central Committee for Financial and Economic Affairs, Xi called for incorporating the carbon emissions peaking and carbon neutrality into the overall blueprint for building an ecological civilization.“Peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality is a tough battle and also a major test of the Party’s capabilities in governing the country,the meeting stressed.While China’s economic rise over theChina’s ambitious plan to reach carbon neutrality represents a “game-c hanger” for global climate actionFEATURESCopyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.。
油砂资源分布及开采技术综述
油砂资源分布及开采技术综述摘要：油砂是一种重要的非常规石油资源，世界油砂资源折算为油砂稠油约4000×108t，大于天然石油探明储量。
世界上最大的油砂矿在加拿大西部的沉积盆地，总储量约占世界储量的50%。
委内瑞拉也拥有巨大的油砂稠油资源，其次为俄罗斯和美国等，中国的油砂资源尚未经详细勘察。
油砂的结构可以分为亲水性和亲油性两类，亲水性油砂较易将稠油与固体颗粒分开，而亲油性油砂则较难将稠油与固体颗粒开。
油砂开发、稠油提取以及油砂干馏主要有露天开发和稠油提取、油砂干馏、地下就地提取稠油三类工艺。
工业上油砂露天开采、经热碱水抽提制取的稠油了直接出售，也可加工改质制成合成原油或轻质油品出售，加工改质主要有延迟化和流化焦化两种工艺流程。
目前世界上只有加拿大有大规模的油砂开发和提取油及稠油加工工业，阿尔伯达省油砂稠油等油品的总产量达到130×104bbl/d，占加拿大总原油产量的45%，盈利较丰厚。
美国有几家公司正在进行美国油砂的提取研究和中型试验，尚无工业生产。
中国石油大学等进行了中国及其他一些国家砂的抽提和干馏研究；中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院等进行了中国油砂抽提和干馏等研究及中试。
中国三大石油公司都涉足加拿大油砂工业的开发利用。
本文论述了油砂资源的分布、开采方法和油砂的分离方法，可为我国油砂的和利用提供有益的信息，促进油砂开采及加工分离技术的发展。
关键词:油砂；循环蒸汽刺激法(CSS)；蒸汽辅助重力泄油法(SAGD)；露天开发；就地开采；油砂分离技术Resource distribution and exploitation of oil sandstechnology ReviewAbstract：The oil sands is an important unconventional oil resources, the world's oil sands resources are converted into oil sands, heavy oil of about 4000 × 108t, greater than the natural oil proved reserves. The world's largest oil sands in western Canada sedimentary basin, the total reserves of about 50 percent of world reserves. V enezuela has huge resources of oil sands, heavy oil, followed by Russia and the United States, China's oil sands resources has not been a detailed investigation. The structure of the oil sands can be divided into hydrophilic and lipophilic two types of hydrophilic oil sands easier to separate heavy oil and solid particles, lipophilic oil sands is more difficult to open the heavy oil and solid particles. Oil sands development, the dry distillation of heavy oil extraction and oil sands open development and heavy oil extraction, the dry distillation of oil sands underground, in situ extraction of heavy oil three types of technology. Industrial oil sands open pit mining, sold directly by the hot alkaline extraction preparation of heavy oil can be processed, but also made of modified synthetic crude oil or light oil for sale, processing modified delay and fluidized coking two kinds of process. World, only Canada has a large-scale oil sands development and extraction of oil and heavy oil processing industry, the Alberta oil sands heavy oil production reached 130 × 104bbl / d, accounting for 45% of Canada's total crude oil production , the more profitable lucrative. The United States there are a few ongoing oil sands extraction research and medium-sized trial, there is no industrial production. China Petroleum University of China and some other countries of sand extraction and the dry distillation of research; Langfang Branch of China Petroleum Exploration and Development Institute, Chinese oil sand extraction and distillation of such as research and pilot. China's three major oil companies are involved in the development and utilization of the Canadian oil sands industry. This paper discusses the distribution of oil sands resources, mining methods a nd the separation of the oil sands can provide useful information for China's oil sands and utilization to promote the development of oil sands mining and processing of separation technology.Key words：Oil sands;Cyclic steam stimulation;Steam assisted gravity drainage method；Open development；In situ mining；Oil sands separation technology目录1绪论 (1)1.1本文研究的目的及意义 (1)1.2国内外现状 (2)1.3本文研究的主要内容 (10)2国内外油砂的资源量，埋藏地点和矿藏特征 (11)2.1加拿大油砂资源量，埋藏地点和矿藏特征 (12)2.2其他国外油砂资源量，埋藏地点和矿藏特征 (13)2.3国内油砂资源量，埋藏地点和矿藏特征 (13)3世界油砂资源主要的开采技术 (16)3.1国外油砂资源开采技术 (16)3.2国内油砂资源开采技术 (21)3.3国内外油砂资源与开采技术对比 (24)4我国油砂资源开发技术展望 (26)4.1我国目前油砂资源开发程度 (26)4.2我国油砂资源开发技术的发展现状 (26)4.3我国油砂资源开发面临的困难 (26)5结论和建议 (28)5.1结论 (28)5.2建议 (28)参考文献 (30)致谢 (31)1绪论1.1本文研究的目的及意义油砂是一种含有天然沥青的砂岩或其他岩石，是由砂、沥青、矿物质、粘土和水组成的混合物。
中国公司在环境保护方面取得的成就英语作文
中国公司在环境保护方面取得的成就英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1China's Companies Going Green!Do you know what pollution is? It's when there are too many yucky things in the air, water, and land that can make people and animals sick. Pollution is a really big problem, but Chinese companies are working super hard to help fix it!In China, there are lots of big factories that make all sorts of cool things like toys, electronics, clothes, and furniture. But factories can create a lot of pollution if they aren't careful. The good news is that more and more Chinese companies are putting a huge focus on being environmentally friendly and protecting nature.One way they are doing this is by using renewable energy sources like solar power, wind power, and water power instead of fossil fuels like coal that cause air pollution. Companies are building huge solar panel farms and wind turbine fields to capture energy from the sun and wind. It's so amazing to see these massive spinning windmills and fields covered in shinysolar panels! The renewable energy they produce doesn't release nasty gases and chemicals into the air.Another way Chinese companies are going green is by improving their manufacturing processes to reduce waste and use fewer natural resources like water, metals, and plastics. They have engineers who design fancy new machinery and systems to recycle materials over and over instead of just throwing them away after one use. Isn't that smart?Companies are also coming up with amazing inventions to turn waste products into useful things instead of just letting them pollute the environment. For example, some are taking food waste and plant scraps and turning them into plant-based plastic bottles, packaging, and even construction materials! Others are capturing methane gas from landfills and farms and using it as fuel to generate electricity. It's like they are turning trash into treasure!Of course, it's not just about having green factories and production. Chinese companies have to think green for their whole business. That means using less paper, water, and electricity in offices. It means cutting down on packaging waste from shipping products. And it means investing in eco-friendly company vehicles likes hybrid and electric cars and trucks.Leaders of these Chinese companies realize that going green is not just good for the planet, it's good for their bottom line too! Green practices help them save tons of money by using less energy and fewer raw materials. Plus, customers these days really value and want to support businesses that care about sustainability.I think it's so cool that China is a world leader in renewable energy and green technology manufacturing. We can already see the positive impacts it's having on reducing emissions and cleaning up polluted cities. The air quality in major cities like Beijing has improved a lot over the past decade thanks to companies switching to cleaner production methods.Chinese companies aren't just focused on being green in China either. They are sharing knowledge and exporting green technologies all around the world to help other countries too. It's amazing to see wind turbine farms built by Chinese companies in places like the United States, Spain, and Australia! Talk about going global while going green!There's still a lot of work to do, but I'm really proud of how hard Chinese businesses are working to protect the environment. They are proving that you can have economic growth and be a manufacturing powerhouse while still being eco-friendly. Mydream is to one day work for a green energy or environmental technology company in China!Every day I learn about some new cool invention or program that companies in China are doing to tackle pollution, conserve resources, and protect plants and animals. I can't wait to see what other amazing green breakthroughs they come up with in the future! I bet China will keep leading the way in renewable energy, sustainable manufacturing, and all sorts of othereco-friendly innovations to build a cleaner, greener world for everyone.篇2China's Green Heroes: How Chinese Companies are Saving Our PlanetHi there! My name is Xiaoming and I'm a 10-year-old student from Beijing. Today, I want to tell you all about the amazing work Chinese companies are doing to protect the environment. Get ready to be impressed!We all know that pollution and climate change are huge problems facing the world today. The skies are often gray from smog, the air is hard to breathe, and climate disasters like floods, droughts, and heatwaves are becoming more common. It can allseem pretty scary. But you know what? Chinese companies have been working super hard to turn things around and make our planet greener and cleaner. They are true environmental heroes!Let me give you some examples of the incredible things they've achieved:Clean and Renewable EnergyOne of the biggest ways companies in China are helping the environment is by developing loads of clean, renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower. This means we can make electricity without burning nasty fossil fuels like coal that pollute the air and cause climate change.Did you know that China is now the global leader in renewable energy? Chinese companies have built enormous wind farms with thousands of huge turbines capturing energy from the wind across the country. They've also constructed gigantic solar farms that use panels to absorb energy from the sun. China is even working on ambitious new technologies like nuclear fusion which could provide virtually unlimited clean energy in the future! How awesome is that?A lot of big Chinese companies like Huawei, Tencent, and Alibaba have also installed solar panels and wind turbines attheir offices and facilities. Some companies generate so much renewable energy that they actually send extra clean electricity back to power other homes and businesses. They're like real-life superheroes fighting climate change with sun and wind power!Green TransportationAnother major way Chinese companies are protecting the environment is by developing environmentally-friendly transportation systems. They know that gas-guzzling cars and smoky trucks are choking our cities with pollution, so they're finding greener ways to get people and goods moving.A great example is the electric car company BYD which is one of the largest electric vehicle makers in the world. Their sleek and modern electric cars don't need gas at all - they run completely on rechargeable batteries! That means no smelly exhaust fumes polluting our air. So cool!China also now has the longest network of high-speed electric trains in the world. These bullet trains can travel at super fast speeds while producing way less pollution than planes or cars. Just last year, I got to ride one from Beijing to Shanghai and it was such an amazing experience zooming through the countryside.Lots of big cities in China like Shenzhen have also built huge networks of rented public bicycles and electric scooters. This gives people an easy way to get around town without needing to drive a car that creates emissions. You just pick one up from the nearest station, ride to your destination, and drop it off again! It's so convenient and environmentally-friendly.Green Buildings and InfrastructureWhile we're on the topic of cities, let me tell you about all the incredible green buildings and infrastructure Chinese companies have been constructing. They understand that our homes, offices, and public spaces need to be designed to protect nature as much as possible.More and more skyscrapers and shopping malls in China are now being built with eco-friendly designs that use less energy and water. Things like solar panels, green roofs with plants and gardens, smart heating and cooling systems, and recycling centers for waste are becoming standard in new construction projects across the country.Entire cities are even being master-planned from the ground up with sustainability in mind! I recently learned about the Xiongan New Area that's being built near Beijing. It will use cutting-edge technologies like AI systems to carefully managethings like energy usage, traffic, and pollution levels. Trees and parks will be woven throughout to create a balance between urban life and nature. It's being called a model for cities of the future.Chinese construction companies are also using more environmentally-friendly materials like recycled concrete and steel, sustainable wood products, and non-toxic paints. My dad is an engineer and he tells me about all the new green innovations his company is using on major infrastructure projects like dams, bridges, and public transit systems too. The focus everywhere is on doing things the sustainable way.Protecting Habitats and WildlifeAs Chinese companies work hard on renewable energy, green transportation, and eco-cities, they're also making major efforts to protect the natural environment around us. Conserving habitats for endangered plants and animals is a huge priority.Companies have partnered with the government and environmental groups on initiatives to establish new national parks, wildlife reserves and marine protected areas across the country. This creates safe havens where rare and threatened species like giant pandas, golden monkeys, red-crowned cranes,and Chinese sturgeon can live and thrive without being disturbed.Chinese companies like China Mobile and Sinopec have adopted specific endangered species like the crested ibis as mascots. They fund research, anti-poaching efforts, habitat restoration and public education programs to save these precious animals from going extinct. I absolutely love learning about all the unique and amazing creatures we're working to conserve.Corporations in China are also heavily involved in huge tree planting and reforestation projects to expand and connect green spaces across the country. They organize events where thousands of their employees go out and help plant tree seedlings in areas that have lost forests due to wildfires, farming, or urban development. The goal is to bring back lush, healthy forests that provide homes for wildlife.Reducing Waste and PollutionThe last way I'll mention that Chinese companies are environmental champions is through their work to reduce waste and pollution of all kinds - from plastics to chemical contaminants. They know that trash and pollutants are really badfor the health of both people and nature, so they're using smart practices to cut way down on these problems.Loads of companies have policies to reduce paper use, phase out single-use plastics, cut down on food waste from cafeterias, and generally make operations more efficient with less wasted resources. Many have big recycling programs for separating out and processing materials like metal, glass, ande-waste so they don't end up in landfills. Some are even developing fancy new recycling technologies that can break waste down into reusable chemical components!Factories and manufacturers have been redesigning their production processes to generate less hazardous waste, air pollution, and water contamination using techniques like waste treatment systems, smokestack filters, and closed-loop recycling. It's an ongoing process, but the trends are going in a much greener direction!On the consumer side, Chinese companies offer apps and services to make it easier for households like mine to reduce and properly recycle all our garbage. We can schedule pickups for recyclable materials, get reminders about waste sorting, learn about ways to cut down on single-use plastics, and much more. It's awesome how everyone is working together on this.In ConclusionSo those are just some of the incredible ways Chinese companies have become environmental heroes working hard to protect our planet. From renewable energy to eco-cities, from wildlife conservation to zero waste, they are really leading the charge to build a cleaner, greener and more sustainable future for us all.It fills me with so much hope and excitement to think about where all these green innovations might take China and the world in the years ahead. I can't wait to grow up and join the fight against climate change and pollution myself one day! Maybe I'll be an engineer designing the next generation of high-speed electric trains and solar power plants. Or perhaps I'll dedicate my career to preserving habitats and endangered species. So many possibilities!In the meantime, I'll do my part by learning everything I can, recycling diligently, and treating nature with respect and care. I hope that you are inspired to make green choices too after hearing about all the great work Chinese companies are doing. Together, we can all be environmental champions and build a healthy planet for ourselves and generations to come!篇3Protecting Our Beautiful Planet: Chinese Companies Going GreenHi there! My name is Xiaoming and I'm a 4th grader at Beijing Elementary School. Today I want to talk to you about something really important - how Chinese companies are helping to protect our amazing planet Earth.You've probably heard about things like air pollution, climate change, and plastic waste in the oceans. Those are really big problems that can harm the environment and all the animals and plants that live on Earth. But you know what? Chinese companies have been working super hard to become more environmentally friendly and reduce their impact on nature. Isn't that great?Let me tell you about some of the cool things they've been doing. First up, let's talk about reducing air pollution from factories and cars. Chinese companies have been installing fancy new equipment to trap harmful gases and particles before they can go into the air we breathe. They've also been making more electric vehicles that don't release any emissions at all! My dadjust got an electric car and it's so quiet and smooth. Maybe one day all our cars will be zero-emission.Next, let's look at renewable energy like solar and wind power. You've definitely seen those huge windmills with the long blades spinning around? Those generate clean electricity without burning any coal or oil. Well, Chinese companies have been building massive wind farms and covering deserts and fields with solar panels. All that renewable energy means we don't have to burn as many fossil fuels which is better for the planet.Protecting forests is another big way companies are going green. Trees are so important for absorbing carbon dioxide and providing homes for wildlife. Some Chinese companies have created huge tree planting programs and invested in sustainable forest management. They make sure that for every tree they cut down, they plant several more. My family went to a national park last year and it was full of beautiful, lush forests thanks to these conservation efforts.Reducing plastic waste is a tough challenge, but Chinese businesses are working on it. Many companies have stopped using as much single-use plastic packaging and are switching to eco-friendly materials instead. And get this - some are even turning used plastics into brand new products through a processcalled recycling! It's like giving plastic waste a second life. So cool, right?Those are just a few examples, but there's so much more happening across China's industries. From making biodegradable products to conserving water to tracking their carbon footprints, companies are really making an effort. Of course, there's still more progress to be made, but it makes me really proud to see my country's businesses being leaders in environmental protection.Why is this so important? Well, Earth is the only planet we've got and we all need to work together to take care of it. By going green, Chinese companies are helping to reduce pollution, fight climate change, and preserve natural habitats for all the cute animals. After all, this beautiful planet is their home too!I'm just a kid, but I know how crucial it is to protect the environment today so that my generation and future generations can live in a clean, healthy world tomorrow. Every little action we take adds up to something big. So let's follow the example of these awesome Chinese companies and do our part - recycle, save energy, and cherish nature. Together we can build a better, greener future!What do you think? I hope you found this interesting and that it inspires you to go green as well. We're all Earthlings on this pale blue dot floating through space. It's the only homewe've got, so we need to take good care of it! Let me know if you have any other questions. Reducing our environmental footprint can seem hard, but I know we can do it one step at a time.。
上海版小学(1-5年级)牛津英语全部单词分类
-牛津版小学英语课本 (1-5 年级 ) 全部单词分类学校 Schoolshool 学校 [sku:l] n. uniform 制服；军服 ['ju:ni fɔ :m] n. term 学期；期限 [tə:m] n class 班级 [klɑ:s] n.b ook 书 [buk] n. pencil 铅笔 ['pensəl] n.bag 书包 [bæɡ ] n. pen 钢笔 [pen] n.ruler 尺子 ['ru:lə] n. pencil-case 铅笔盒 ['penslkeis] n. eraser 橡皮 [i'reizə] n. crayon 蜡笔 ['kreiən] n.sharpener 卷笔刀 [' ʃɑ: pənə] n. ink 墨水[iŋk] nlesson 功课；课程 ['lesən] n. paper 纸 ['peipə] n.text 课文；文本 [tekst] n brush 毛笔 [brʌʃ] n.have a lesson 上课Chinese book 语文书have lessons 上课young pioneer 少年先锋队员eye-exercises 眼保操s tudent （大中学）学生 ['stju:dənt] n classmate 同学 ['kl ɑ :smeit] n homework 家庭作业 ['həumwə:k] npupil 小学生 ['pjupəl] n. blackboard 黑板 ['blækb ɔ :d] nred scarf 红领巾playground 操场 ['plei ɡ raund] n exercise-book 练习本have English class 上英语课begin classes 开始上课talk in English 用英语讲paint 颜料 [peint] n morning exercises 早操timetable 课程表 ['taim,teibl] n teacher 教师 ['ti:tʃə] n.break 课间休息；休息 [breik] n felt pen 毡头笔 [felt] nnote 纸币；笔记 [nəut] n teacher’s desk 讲台seat 座位 [si:t] n class is over 下课了-go home 回家school is over. 放学了课程 Subjectsubject 科目 [' sʌbdʒikt ] n. Chinese 语文 ['t ʃ ai'ni:z] n. English 英语['iŋgli ʃ] n. math 数学[mæ θ ] nscience 科学；技术 ['saiəns] n physical education 体育课['fizikəl] [,edjukei ʃ n] nart 美术 [ɑ:t] n. music 音乐 ['mju:zik] ntext 课文；文本 [tekst] n书 Bookpoem 诗 ['pəuim] n module 单元；组件 ['m ɔ dju:l] n unit 单元；单位 ['ju:nit] n word 单词；言辞；歌词 [wə:d] n page 页 [peid ʒ ] n letter 字母；文字 ['letə] nsheet 印刷品；表格 [ ʃ i:t] n vocabulary 词汇 [və'kæbjuləri] n grammar 语法 ['græmə] n dictionary 字典 ['dik ʃəneri]b ook 书 [buk] n. content 目录；容 [kən'tent] n身体 Bodybody 身体 ['b ɔ di] n. hair 头发[hεə] n.head 头 [hed] n. face 脸 [feis] n.hand 手 [hænd] n. mouth 嘴[mauθ] n.n ose 鼻子 [nəuz] n. ear 耳朵 [iə] n.eye 眼睛 [ai] n. finger 手指['fiŋ ɡə] n.a rm 胳膊 [ ɑ: m] n. feet 脚（复数） ['fi:t] n.foot 脚 [fut] n. stomach ['stʌmək] n.throat 喉咙[θrəut] n. teeth 牙 ( 复数) [ti:θ] ntooth 牙齿[tu:θ] n.toe 脚趾 [təu] n.-leg 腿 [le ɡ ] n. knee 膝盖 [ni:] n.back 后背 [bæk] n bone 骨头 [bəun] n颜色 colourcolour 颜色 ['kʌlə] n. red 红色的 [red] adj. yellow 黄色的 ['jeləu] adj. green 绿色的 [ ɡ ri:n] adj. blue 蓝色的 [blu:] adj. purple 紫色的 ['pə:pl] adj. white 白色的 [hwait] adj. black 黑色的 [blæk] adj. orange 橙色的 [ 'ɔ rin dʒ ] adj. pink 粉色的[piŋk] adj.b rown 棕色的 [braun] adj. grey 灰色的 [ɡrei] adj. 动物 Animalanimal 动物 ['æniməl] n dog 狗 [dɔɡ] n. cat 猫；猫科动物 [kæt] n. kitty 小猫 ['kiti:] n.puppy 小狗 ['p ʌ pi] n rabbit 兔子 ['ræbit] n.duck 鸭子 [dʌk] n. hare 野兔[h εə ] nduckling 小鸭 ['d ʌkliŋ] n pig 猪 [pi ɡ ] n.parrot 鹦鹉 ['pærət] n bear 熊[bεə] n.bird 鸟；禽 [bə:d] n. bee 蜜蜂，勤劳的人 [bi:] n. elephant 大象 ['elifənt] n. mouse 老鼠 [maus] n.squirrel 松鼠 ['skwə:rəl] n. monkey 猴子；顽童 ['m ʌŋki] n. swan 天鹅 [sw ɔ n] n giraffe 长颈鹿 [dʒi'rɑ:f] n. zebra 斑马；有斑纹的 ['zi:brə] n lizard 蜥蜴 ['lizəd] nfox 狐狸；狡猾的人 [f ɔ ks] n panda 熊猫 ['pændə] n. crocodile 鳄鱼 ['krɔkə,dail] n. chick 小鸡 [tʃik] n.cow 母牛 [kau] n chicken 鸡 ['tʃikin] n. dinosaur 恐龙 ['dainəs ɔ :] n donkey 驴；傻瓜 ['d ɔŋki] n-dragon 龙 ['dræɡən] n. snake 蛇 [sneik] nlion 狮子；勇敢的人 ['laiən] n tiger 老虎；凶残的人 ['tai ɡə] n owl 猫头鹰 [aul] n fish 鱼 [fiʃ] n.sheep 羊；害羞的人 [ ʃ i:p] n tortoise 乌龟 [ 'tɔ: təs] npet 宠物；宝贝 [pet] n kangaroo 袋鼠[,kæŋgə'ru:] n caterpillar 毛虫；蝶 ['kætə,pilə] n butterfly 蝴蝶 ['bʌtəflai] n. dolphin 海豚 ['d ɔ lfin] n moth 蛾；蛀虫 [m ɔθ] ngoose 鹅 [ ɡ u:s] n frog 青蛙 [fr ɔɡ ] ntadpole 蝌蚪 ['tædpəul] n geese 鹅 ( 复数 ) [ ɡ i:s]wolf 狼 [wulf] n seal 海豹 [si:l] nhorse 马 [h ɔ :s] n shark 鲨鱼 [' ʃɑ: k] ncocoon 茧；卵袋 [kə'ku:n] n 食物 Food feeler 触角；触须 ['fi:lə] n insect 昆虫 ['insekt] nfood 食物 [fu:d] n. vegetable 蔬菜 ['vedʒitəbl] n. fruit 水果 [fru:t] n. drink 饮料[driŋk] nbread 面包 [bred] n cake 蛋糕 [keik] nBigMac 巨无霸 n. hot dog 热狗McChicken 麦香鸡 n sausage 香肠 ['s ɔ :sid ʒ ] n hamburger 汉堡包 ['hæmbə: ɡə] n chicken 鸡肉 ['t ʃ ikin] n French fries 榨薯条 [frent ʃ fraiz] n. chocolate 巧克力 ['t ʃɔ kəlit] n crisp 松脆饼干；薯片 [krisp] n. Coke 可乐 [kəuk] nwater 水 ['w ɔ :tə] n tea 茶 [ti:] n milk 牛奶 [milk] njuice 果汁；汁 [d ʒ u:s] ncoffee 咖啡 ['k ɔ fi] n egg 蛋 [e ɡ ] nrice 米饭 [rais] n jam 果酱 [d ʒ æm] n.-noodles 面条（通常复数 ['nu:dl] n carrot 胡萝卜；红头发 ['kærət] n tomato 番茄 [ tə'mɑ:təu] n. potato 马铃薯 [pə'teitəu] n cabbage 卷心菜 ['kæbid ʒ ] n honey 蜂蜜 ['h ʌ ni] napple 苹果 ['æpl] n bean 豆 [bi:n] n.pear 梨[pεə] n pineapple 菠萝；凤梨 ['pain,æpl] n orange 橘子 ['ɔrindʒ ] n banana 香蕉 [bə'nɑ:nə] n . watermelon 西瓜 ['w ɔ :tə,melən] n grape 葡萄；葡萄酒 [greip] nlime 酸橙；菩提树 [laim] n plum 梅子；洋 [pl ʌ m] abutter 黄油；奶油 ['b ʌ tə] n durian 榴莲 ['djuəriən] nsugar 糖 [' ʃ ugə] n flour 面粉；粉状物质 [flauə] n corm 谷物 [k ɔ :m] n salt 盐 [s ɔ :lt] n数字 Numbernumber ['nʌmbə] n. one 一 [w ʌ n] num.two 二 [tu:] num. three 三[θri:] num.four 四 [f ɔ :] num. five 五 [faiv] num.six 六 [siks] num. seven 七 ['sevən] num.eight 八 [eit] num. nine 九 [nain] num.ten 十 [ten] num. eleven 十一 [i'levən] num.twelve 十二 [twelv] num. thirteen 十三['θə:'ti:n] num. fourteen 十四 ['fɔ:'ti:n] num. fifteen 十五 ['fifti:n] num. sixteen 十六 ['siks'ti:n] num. seventeen 十七 [,sevən'ti:n] num. eighteen 十八 ['ei'ti:n] num. nineteen 十九 [,nain'ti:n] num. twenty 二十 ['twenti] num. thirty 三十['θə:ti] num.forty 四十 ['fɔ:ti] num. fifty 五十 ['fifti] num.sixty 六十 ['siksti] num. seventy 七十 ['sevənti] num.-eighty 八十 ['eiti] num. ninety 九十 ['nainti] num.hundred 一百 ['hʌndrəd] num. thousand 一千['θauzənd] num.twenty-five 二十五 numfirst 第一；首先 [fə:st] num second 第二 ['sekənd] numthird 第三[θə:d] num fourth 第四 [f ɔ:θ] numfifth 第五[fif θ ] num sixth 第六[siks θ ] numseventh 第七['sevn θ ] num eighth 第八[eit θ ] numninth 第九[nain θ ] num tenth 第十[ten θ ] numeleventh 第十一[i'levn θ ] num twelfth 第十二[twelf θ ] numtwentieth 第二十['twentii θ ] num thirtieth 第三十['θə:tii θ ] numtwenty-first 第二十一 [,twenti'fə:st] num 冠词 Articlea 一 [ei] art. an 一 [ən] artthe 这，那 [[ði]] art.Be 动词am ( 我 ) 是 [æm] v.is （他，她，它）是 [ iz ] v. 主格 NominativeI 我 [ai] pron.he 他 [hi: ] pron.we 我们 [wi:] pron.宾格 O bjective Caseme 我 [mi:] pronhim 他 [him] pronus 我们 [ʌs] pron are ( 你，你们，我们，他们，她们，它们 ) 是 [ ɑ :] v.you 你，你们 [ju:] pron.she 她 [ʃi:] pron.they 他 ( 她；它 ) 们 [ðei] pron. it 它 [it] pron.you 你，你们 [ju:] pron.her 她 [hə:] pronthem 他 ( 她；它 ) 们 [ðem] pron it 它 [it] pron.-形容词性物主代词my 我的 [mai] pronhis 他的 [hiz] pronour 我们的 ['auə] pron名词性物主代词mine 我的 [main] pronhis 他的 [hiz] pronours 我们的 ['auəz] pron反身代词myself 我自己 [mai'self] pron.itself 它自己 [it'self]pron. herself 她自己 [hə:'self] pron.himself 他自己 [him'self] pron. 介词 prepositionrom 从……[fr ɔ m] prep.about 关于 [ə'baut] prep.above 在…… 上方 [ə'b ʌ v] prep. behind 在…… 后面 [bi'haind] prep. down 向下 [daun] prep. 或 ad. after 在… 后面 [' ɑ :ftə] prep. before 在…… 之前 [bi'fɔ:] prep. like 像 [laik] prep.beside 在…… 旁边 [bi'said] prep. your 你的；你们的 [jɔ: ] pronher 她 ( 宾格 ) [hə:] prontheir 他 ( 她；它 ) 们的[ðεə] pronits 它的 [its] pronyours 你的；你们的 [juəz] pronhers 她的 [hə:z] prontheirs 他 ( 她；它 ) 们的[ðєəz] pron its 它的 [its] pronyourself 你自己 [jɔ:'self] pron.yourselves 你们自己 [jɔ:'selvz] pron. themselves 他们自己 [ðəm'selvz] pron. ourselves 我们自己 [,auə'selvz] pron. self 自己；自我；本质 [self] nin 在…… 之 [in] prep.into 到…… 里 ['intu: ] prep.at 在 ... ；在…… 时 [æt] prep.to 到；向 [tu: ] prep.by 在… 旁；靠近 prep.on 在…… 之上（时候） [ɔn ] prep. under 在…… 下面 [' ʌ ndə] prepplus 加 [plʌs ] prep.minus 减 'mainəs] prep.inside 在…… 里面 [in'said] prep outside 在…… 外面 ['aut'said] prep away 离…… ；外出 [ə'wei]-between 在 ( 两者 ) 之间 [bi'twi:n] prep up 向上；上升；在…… 上面[ ʌ p] prep. 或 ad.come in. 进来 ['k ʌ m in]out 向外 [aut] prep.out 通过…… 而出 [aut] prep介词短语from beijing 从来的over there 在那边go to the door 到门那儿去in front of 在… 前面out of 向 ( 在)… 外面wait for 等候it's time for 是… 的时候了play with 玩…be afraid of 害怕so much like 很像at the back 在后面pick up 拾起next to 与…… 相邻 [nekst]地点 Placesshool 学校 [sku:l]n.park 公园 [pɑ:k] nhome 家 [həum]n.house 房屋 [haus]n. near 靠近 [niə] prepover 越 ( 过 ) ['əuvə] prep.for 为；代替；因为；为得到 [ f ɔ :] prep with . 用；和… 在一起 [wið ] prep. through 穿过[θru:] prepat the zoo 在动物园里at three 在三时；在三点at home 在家look at 看……a lot of 许多…a pair of trousers 一条裤子of course 当然 [k ɔ :s]look for 寻找hurry up! 快点！run away 跑掉by underground 乘地铁try on 试穿put into 放到… 里listen to 听……library 图书馆 ['laibrəri] nzoo 动物园 [zu:] ncinema 电影院 ['sinəmə] nfactory 工厂 ['fæktəri] nsquare 广场[skwεə] ncrossing 十字路口 ['kr ɔ:siŋ] n-room 房间 [ru:m] n.classroom 教室 ['kl ɑ : srum] n bathroom 浴室['bæθrum] n kitchen 厨房 ['kit ʃ in] n bookstore 书店 ['bukst ɔ :] n sitting room 起居室study 书房 ['st ʌ di] ntheatre 剧场['θiətə] n restaurant 餐厅 ['restər ɔ nt] n road 路；街道 [rəud] nbeach 海滩 [bi:t ʃ ] nfarm 农场 [fɑ:m] njungle 丛林 ['d ʒʌŋgl] nblock 大楼；大厦 [bl ɔ k] n palace 宫殿 ['pælis] n国家 Nationnation 国家 ['neiʃən]n.China 中国 ['t ʃai nə] n America 美国；美洲 [ə'merikə] n England 英国 ['inglənd] nRussia 俄罗斯 ['rʌʃə]n. motherland 祖国 ['m ʌ ðəlænd] n 星期 Weekweek 周，星期 [wi:k]n. Tuesday 星期二 ['tju:zdi ] n bedroom 卧室 ['bedrum] nliving room 客厅dining room 餐室；餐厅 nhall 食堂，会堂 [hɔ:l]n.supermarket 超市 ['sju:pə,mɑ:kit]police station 警署；派出所station 车站；电台；基地 ['stei ʃən] n tower 塔；高楼 ['tauə] ntemple 庙宇；圣堂；寺院 ['templ] n country park 乡村公园 ['k ʌ ntri]garden 花园；菜园；游乐场 ['gɑ:dn] n castle 城堡 ['kɑ:sl] ncage 笼子；监牢 [keid ʒ ] nnational 国家的 ['næʃənəl] adj.Chinese 中国的；汉语；中国人 ['t ʃ ai'ni:z] Amercian 美国的；美国人 [ə'merikən] English 英国的；英语；英国人['iŋgli ʃ ] Russian 俄语 , 俄国人 ['r ʃən]capital 首都 ['kæpitəl] nthe capital of China 中国首都national flag 国旗 [flæɡ]Monday 星期一 ['m ʌ ndi] nWednesday 星期三 ['wenzdei ] nFriday 星期五 ['fraidi] nSunday 星期天 ['s ʌ ndi] n-Thursday 星期四['θə:zdi] n Saturday 星期六 ['sætədi] n月份 Monthmonth 月 [mʌnθ] n.February 二月 ['februəri] nApril 四月 ['eiprəl] nJune 六月 [d ʒ u:n] nAugust 八月 [ ɔ :'g ʌ st] n October 十月 [ ɔ k'təubə] n季节 Seasonseason 季节 ['si:zn] nsummer 夏天 ['sʌmə]n.fall 秋天 [f ɔ :l] n衣服 Clothesclothes 衣服 [klɔθ ] ncap 帽子 [kæp] nshirt ( 男式 ) 衬衫 [ ʃə:t] nscarf 围巾，领巾 [skɑ:f] nT-shirt T 恤衫pants 长裤 [pænt] nsize 大小；尺寸； [saiz] n trousers 裤子；长裤 ['tr au zəz] n glove 手套 [g lʌ v] n职业 Jobjob 职业 [dʒɔb]n. January 一月 ['d ʒ ænjueri] n March 三月 [mɑ:t ʃ ] nMay 五月 [mei]n.July 七月 [d ʒ u:'lai] nSeptember 九月 [sep'tembə] n November 十一月 [nəu'vembə] n December 十二月 [di'sembə] n spring 春天[spriŋ] nautumn 秋天 ['ɔ:təm]n.winter 冬天 ['wintə]n.wear 穿戴[wεə] n. 或 v.coat 上衣 [kəut] nblouse ( 女式 ) 衬衫 [blauz] nskirt 裙子；边缘；外围 [skə:t] n jacket 外衣；夹克；皮 ['d ʒ ækit] n dress 连衣裙 [dres] njeans 牛仔裤；斜纹棉布 [ dʒi :n] n sock(s) 袜子（复数） [ sɔk ] nmask 面具；遮蔽物；口罩 [ mɑ: sk] n shoe(s) 鞋子（复数） [ ʃ u:] nwork 工作 [wə:k] n. 或 v.farmer 农民 ['fɑ:mə] nartist 画家；艺术家 ['ɑ:tist] n teacher 教师 ['ti:t ʃə] nstudent 学生 ['stju:dənt]n.-peasant 农民 ['pezənt] ndoctor 医生；博士 ['d ɔ ktə] n scientist 科学家 ['saiəntist] n nurse 护士 [nə:s] nwriter 作家 ['raitə] nengineer 工程师 [,end ʒ i'niə] n policeman 男警察 [pə'li:smən] n cleaner 清洁工 ['kli:nə] n accountant 会计 [ə'kauntənt] n driver 司机 ['draivə] ndentist 牙医 ['dentist] ncook 厨师 [kuk] npostman 邮递员 ['pəustmən] n waiter 服务员（男） ['weitə] n diver 跳水者；潜水员 ['daivə] n soldier 士兵；兵蚁 ['səuld ʒə] n 家庭 Familyfamily 家庭；家族 ['fæmili] n family tree 家谱 [tri:]mother 母亲 ['mʌðə]n.dad 爸爸（口语） [dæd] n father 父亲 ['fɑ:ðə]n.son 儿子；女婿 [s ʌ n] naunt 姑姑；婶；姨 [ɑ:nt] n sister 姐妹 ['sistə] n model 模型；模特；模 ['m ɔ dl] n actress 女演员 ['æktris] nactor 男演员 ['æktə] npolicewoman 女警 [pə'li:s,wumən] n salesperson 销售员 ['seilz,pə:sən] nTV reporter 电视台记者 [ri'p ɔ :tə] fireman 消防员 ['faiəmən] nsinger 歌唱家；歌手 ['sind ʒə] npilot 飞行员；舵手 ['pailət] nwaitress 女服务员 ['weitris] nzoo keeper 饲养员 ['ki:pə] nshop assistant 营业员 [ə'sistənt] n ambulance (man) 急救员 ['æmbjuləns] n love 爱 [l ʌ v] nfamily member 家庭成员 ['membə] n parents 父母['pєərənts] nmum 妈妈（口语） [m ʌ m] ngrandpa 爷爷；外公 ['grændpɑ:] n grandma 奶奶；外婆 ['grændmɑ:] n daughter 女儿；媳妇；妇女 ['d ɔ :tə] n uncle 叔叔舅舅姨夫姑父 [' ʌŋkl] n brother 兄弟 ['brʌðə] n.nephew 侄子；外甥 ['nefju:]n.man 男子 [mæn] nmen 男子（复数） [ men] n-cousin 堂兄弟姐妹 ['kʌzən]n. niece 侄女；外甥女 [ni:s]n.人 Peoplepeople 人 ( 复数 ) ['pi:pl]n. friend 朋友 [frend] nchild 小孩 [t ʃ aild] nchildren 小孩（复数 ['tʃildrən]n. baby 婴儿；幼畜 ['beibi] nMiss 女士；小姐；少女 [mis] n Mr. 先生 (mister 缩写 ) ['mistə] n Mrs. 太太，夫人 ['misiz]n.运动 Sportsports 体育运动 [sp ɔ :ts] n basketball 篮球 ['bæskitb ɔ :l] n volleyball 排球 ['vɔlibɔ:l]n. soccer 英式足球 ['sɔkə]n.bat 球拍 ; 击球 [bæt] n天气 Weatherweather 天气 ['weðə] n.sun 太阳 [s ʌ n] nsky 天空 [skai] nstar 星星 [stɑ:] ncloud 云 [klaud] nrain 雨；下雨 [rein] n raindrop 雨点 ['reindr ɔ p] n woman 妇女 ['wumən] nwomen 妇女 ['wimin]n.boy 男孩；儿子；小儿子 [b ɔ i] n girl 女孩；女儿 [ɡə:l] nMr. and Mrs. white 怀特先生和夫人lady 女士；夫人；小姐 ['leidi] n gentleman 先生，绅士 ['dʒentlmən]n tennis 网球 ['tenis]n.tabletennis 乒乓球pingpong 乒乓球；桌球['piŋp ɔŋ] n badminton 羽毛球 ['bædmintən]n. football 足球；橄榄球 ['futb ɔ :l] n earth 地球 [ə:θ]n.air 空气；天空；气氛[εə] nmoon 月亮；月光 [mu:n] nsunny 晴朗的 ['s ʌ ni] adj.moon 月亮 [mu:n]n.cloudy 多云的 ['klaudi]n.rainy 雨天；多雨的 ['reini] adj. rainbow 彩虹 ['reinbəu] nsnowy 下雪的 ['snəui] adj.windy 有风的；风大的 ['windi] adj. stormy 暴风雨的 ['stɔ:mi]n. lightning 闪电['laitniŋ]n.lunch 午餐 [l ʌ nt ʃ ] n-snow 雪；下雪 [snəu]n.wind 风 [wind]n.storm 暴风雨 [st ɔ :m] n thunder 雷；雷声['θ ʌ ndə] n餐 Mealmeal 一餐 [mi:l]n.breakfast 早餐 ['brekfəst] n supper 晚饭；晚餐会 ['s ʌ pə] n dessert 甜点；餐后甜点 [di'zə:t] n have breakfast 吃早饭家具 Furniturefurniture 家具 ['fə:nitʃə]n.wall 墙 [w ɔ :l] nchair 椅子 [t ʃɛə] ndoor 门；出口 [d ɔ :] nsofa 沙发；长椅 ['səufə] nroof 屋顶；车顶 [ru:f] n一些名词box 盒子 [b ɔ ks] numbrella 伞 [ ʌ m'brelə] nbottle 瓶；酒 ['b ɔ tl] n newspaper 报纸 ['nju:s,peipə] n key 钥匙 [ki:] nspoon 勺子 [spu:n] nplate 盘子 [pleit] n dinner 晚餐 ['dinə]n.dish 碟子；盘子 [di ʃ ] ndining 进餐['dainiŋ] neat breakfast 吃早饭 [i:t] ['brekfəst] bench 长凳 [bent ʃ ] nfloor 地板 [fl ɔ :] nwindow 窗 ['windəu] ncupboard 小厨；碗柜 ['k ʌ bəd] n shelf 书架 [ ʃ elf] ntable 桌子 ['teibl] nknife 小刀；手术刀；匕首 [naif] n glass 玻璃杯 [ɡlɑ:s] ncup 杯子；奖杯 [k ʌ p] nboard 写字板；牌子；伙食 [b ɔ :d] n chopsticks 筷子（复数） ['t ʃɔ pstik] n fork 叉子；岔口 [f ɔ :k] nbrush 刷 ( 子 ) [br ʌʃ ] ncushion 靠垫；坐垫 ['ku ʃən] n scissors 剪刀 ['sizəz] nglue 胶水 [glu:] nshaker 搅拌器 [' ʃ eikə] nglasses 眼镜；双筒望远镜 ['gl ɑ :siz] n packet 小包 ['pækit] nsunglasses 太阳镜 ['s ʌ nglɑ:siz] n sketchbook 写生簿 ['sket ʃ buk] n-screwdriver 螺丝刀 ['skru:,draivə] bell 铃 , 铃声 [bel] n.bin 垃圾箱；容器 [bin] n hammer 锤子；链球 ['hæmə] n mirror 镜子；榜样 ['mirə] nphone [fəun]n.hoop 呼啦圈；戒指 [hu:p] n telephone ['telifəun] n.watch 手表； [w ɔ t ʃ ] nbasket 筐 ['bɑ:skit] ntoy car 玩具车clock 钟 [kl ɔ k] nparty 聚会；党派 ['pɑ:ti] n skateboard 滑板 ['skeitb ɔ :d] n puppet 木偶；傀儡 ['p ʌ pit] n parcel 小包；包裹 ['pɑ:sl] ntape 胶带；带子；磁带 [teip] n swing 荡；荡秋千[swiŋ] vdrill 钻头钻床 [dril] nbell 铃；门铃 [bel] nrope 绳子 [rəup] nname 名字 [neim] nnew 新的；新闻 [nju:] nmoney 钱；收入 ['m ʌ ni] n picture 图画；照片 ['pikt ʃə] n doll 玩具娃娃 [d ɔ l] nmap 地图 [mæp] nmodel plane 模型飞机model ship 模型轮船toy 玩具；玩物 [t ɔ i] nrug 小地毯 [r ʌ g] npuzzle 拼图板；猜谜 ['p ʌ zl] nbar 栅栏 [bɑ:] nstring 绳子；线[striŋ] ndiary 日记；日记簿 ['daiəri] nballoon 气球 [bə'lu:n] ntype 类型；样式；榜样 [taip] nexpression 表达；表现力；表情 [iks'preʃən] n project 方案；计划 [prə'd ʒ ekt] nriver 河流；巨量 ['rivə] nmountain 山；山脉 ['mauntin] nlight 灯；光；火花；眼神 ['lait] nlamp 灯 [læmp]n.robot 机器人 ['r ɔ bət] npool 池 [pu:l] nswimming-pool 游泳池ground 地面 [gra ʊ nd] nbasin 盆；脸盆 ['beisən] nchess 西洋棋 [t ʃ es] nbirthday 生日 ['bə:θdei] n-lake 湖 [leik] nway 路；路程 [wei] nletter 信 ['letə] nMatch 比赛；对手 [mæt ʃ ] n game 游戏 [ɡeim] nquestion 问题 ['kwest ʃən] n news 消息；新闻 [nju:z] nnest 鸟巢 [nest] nrace 比赛 [reis] nfun 乐趣；娱乐 [f ʌ n]group 组；小组 [gru:p] nskate 滑冰（鞋） [skeit] n hiking 徒步旅行['haikiŋ] n vshell 贝壳；果壳 [ ʃ el] n computer game 电脑游戏number 号； ['n ʌ mbə] nphoto 照片 ['fəutəu] nfront 前面；前部；正面 [fr ʌ nt] n pioneer 先锋 [,paiə'niə] n stream 河；溪 [stri:m] naviary 鸟巢禽舍 ['eiviəri] n stone 石头 [stəun] nhole 洞；孔眼 [həul] nrock 石头；磐石 [r ɔ k] nisland 岛；安全岛 ['ailənd] n hobby 爱好 ['h ɔ bi] ncomic book 漫画 ['k ɔ mik] [buk]noise 噪声 [n ɔ iz] nlife 生命；生活 [laif] npicture-book 图画书post card 明信片 [pə u st] [kɑ:d] n matter 事情；麻烦 ['mætə] ncomic 连环图画；喜剧的 ['k ɔ mik] n wave 浪；波浪 [weiv] nfire 火 [faiə] nfountain 喷水池；泉水 ['fauntin] n rubbish 垃圾；废话 ['r ʌ bi ʃ ] npen friend 笔友thing 东西；事情[θiŋ] ntop 顶部；头顶；山顶 [t ɔ p] nbottom 底部 ['bɔtəm]n.aquarium 水族馆；鱼缸 [ə'kw ɛəriəm] n way(= method) ['meθəd] 方法 ngoal 得分；守门员 [gəul] nscore 得分；起跑线；终点线 [sk ɔ :] n elf 小精灵；顽皮的孩子 [elf] npop 流行；流行音乐 [p ɔ p] ngrass 草；草坪 [grɑ:s] nlawn 草坪 [lɔ:n]n.painting 绘画['peintiŋ]n-picnic 野餐 ['piknik] nwing 翅膀[wiŋ] npond 水池；池塘 [p ɔ nd] n millimeter 毫米；公厘 ['mili,mi:tə] a shadow 影子；阴影 [' ʃ ædəu] n wood 木材 [wud]n.hay 干草 [hei] nlog 原木；木材 [l ɔ g] nroom 房间 [ru:m] nrule 规则 [ru:l] n植物 Plantplant 植物 [plɑ:nt]n.branch 树枝 [brɑ:nt ʃ ] nstalk 主茎 [st ɔ :k] nseed 种子 [si:d] n家用电器computer 计算机 [kəm'pju:tə] nTV 电视radio 收音机；电台 ['reidiəu] n乐器 Instrumentinstrument 乐器 ['instrumənt] violin 小提琴 [vaiə'lin] ndrum 鼓 [dr ʌ m] n交通 Traffictraffic 交通 ['træfik] n ocean 海洋 ['əu ʃən] nsale 打折销售；出售 [seil] n invitation 请帖 [,invi'tei ʃən] n flower 花 ['flauə] ntree 树 [tri:] ntrunk 树干；大皮箱 [tr ʌŋk] n sprout 苗；芽 [spraut] nsoil 土壤 [s ɔ il] nfan 扇子；电扇；螺旋桨 [fæn] n fridge 冰箱 [frid ʒ ] nvideo 录像机 ['vidiəu]n.triangle 三角铁['traiæŋgl] npiano 钢琴 [pi'ænəu] nrecorder 八孔直笛 [ri'k ɔ :də] n guitar 吉他 [gi'tɑ:] ntraffic light 红绿灯 [lait]traffic rule 交通规则 ru:l]traffic jam 塞车 [dʒæm]rolley-bus 无轨电车 ['tr ɔ lib ʌ s] n underground. 地铁 [' ʌ ndəgraund] n spaceship 宇宙飞船 ['speis ʃ ip] n bike 自行车 [baik]n.bicycle 自行车 ['baisikl]n.boat 小船 [bəut] nbus 公交车 [bʌs]n.-stop 停车站 [st ɔ p] nsign 指示牌；手势 [sain] aeroplane 飞机 [' ɛərəplein] n motorbike 摩托车 ['məutəbaik] n tram （有轨）电车 [træm] n plane 飞机 [plein] ncar 小汽车 [kɑ:] nship 轮船 [ʃip]n.bus stop 公共汽车站 [st ɔ p] ferry 摆渡 ['feri]n.lorry 卡车 ['l ɔ :ri] n一些形容词long 长的 [l ɔŋ] atall 高的 [t ɔ :l] ayoung 年轻的 [j ʌŋ] aold 年老的 [əuld] agood 好的 [ɡud] nbad 坏的 [bæd]n.right 对的 ; 右边的 [rait] a nfat 胖的；厚的 [fæt] athick 厚的 [θik]n.open 开；开阔的 ['əupən] v quiet 安静的 ['kwaiət] anoisy 嘈杂的 ['nɔizi]a.heavy 重的；沉重的 ['hevi] a wheel 轮子；车轮 [hwi:l] n engine 引擎；发动机 ['end ʒ in] n short 短的；矮的 [ ʃɔ :t] ahigh 高的 [hai] abig 大的 [biɡ] asmall 小的 [sm ɔ :l] aclean 清洁的 [kli:n] adirty 脏的 ['də:ti]n.wrong 错误的 [rɔŋ]n.left 左边的thin 瘦的；薄的[θin]n.strong 健壮的；坚固的 [str ɔŋ] a cold 寒冷的 [kəuld] ahot 热的 [hɔt]a.warm 暖和的 [w ɔ :m] acool 凉爽的 [ku:l] alate 晚的 [leit]a.close 近的 [kləuz]a.full 满的，饱的 [ful]a.thirsty 口渴的['θə:sti]a.excited 兴奋的 [ik'saitid] a bored 无聊的；烦人的 [b ɔ :d] a angry 生气的['æŋgri] ahard 硬的 [hɑ:d]a.low 轻声的，低的 [ləu]a.-early 早 , 早的 ['ə:li] afar 远的 [fɑ:] aempty 空的 ['empti] ahungry 饿的 ['hʌŋɡri]a.tired 疲劳的；累的 ['taiəd] a happy 高兴的 ['hæpi] asad 忧伤的；悲伤的 [sæd] a bright 明亮的；开朗的 [brait] a dark 黑暗的 ['dɑ:k]a.soft 柔软的 [s ɔ ft] aloud 响的 [laud] asweet 甜的；悦耳的 [swi:t] a bitter 苦的 ['bitə]a.dry 干的，干旱的 [drai] a brave 勇敢的 [breiv] nlarge 大的 [lɑ:d ʒ ] abig 大的 [biɡ]a.giant 巨人的，巨人 ['d ʒ aiənt] n blind 瞎的 [blaind] nround 圆的 [raund] ablunt 钝的 [bl ʌ nt] aclever 聪明的 ['klevə]wise 聪明的 [waiz]smart 聪明的young 年轻的 [jʌŋ]sour 酸的 ['sauə]a.salt 咸的 [sɔ:lt]a.wet 潮湿的 [wet]a.dear 亲爱的；可爱的 [diə] a small 小的 [smɔ:l]a.deaf 聋的 [def]a.dumb 哑的 [dʌm]busy 忙 ['bizi] asharp 锋利的 [ʃɑ:p]foolish 愚蠢的，傻的 ['fu:liʃ] stupid 愚蠢的 ['stju:pid]old 旧的，老的 [əuld] anew 新的 [nju:]nice 美好的 [nais]beautiful 漂亮的 ['bju:tiful] dangerous 危险的 ['deind ʒərəs] a safe 安全的 [seif]same 相同的 [seim] adifferent 不同的 ['difərənt] a favorite 特别喜爱 ['feivərit] a oral 口试 [' ɔ :rəl] nshiny 光亮的；闪耀的 [' ʃ aini] a healthy 健康的['helθi]a.slow 慢的 [sləu]a.quick 快的 [kwik]a.-ugly 丑的 [' ʌ gli] acheap 便宜的 [t ʃ i:p] adear 昂贵的；珍贵的 [diə] a asleep 睡着的 [ə'sli:p] aawake 醒着的 [ə'weik]rough 粗糙的 [r ʌ f] asmooth 光滑的 [smu:ð]sore 疼的 [s ɔ ] adaily 每日的；日常的 ['deili] a sure 当然；一定 [ ʃ uə] awell 健康的 [wel] aafraid 害怕的 [ə'freid] afast 快 [fɑ:st] alittle 少许；一点点；幼小 ['litl] a only 只有；仅仅 ['əunli] a much 大量的 [mʌtʃ]a.some 一些 [səm]a.fluffy 蓬松的 ['fl ʌ fi] a病痛 Illnesshurt 疼痛 [hə:t] n vhave a fever 发烧 [hæv] ['fi:və] have a headache 头疼 ['hedeik] 形状 Shapeshape 形状 [ʃeip]n.circle 圆 ['sə:kl]n. every 每个的 ['evri] astraight 成直线的 [streit] amany 大量的 [mʌtʃ]a.any 任何的，所有的 ['eni]a.sick 有病的 [sik] aill 生病的，坏的 [il]a.last 上一个的；仅余的；最后的 [lɑ:st] musical 音乐的 ['mju:zikəl] ahave a cold 感冒 [kəuld]have a toothache 牙疼['tu:θeik]have a stomachache 胃疼 ['stʌməkeik] have a sore throat 喉咙疼 [s ɔ:] [θrəut] oval 椭圆形 ['əuvəl]n.star 星 [stɑ:]n.triangle 三角形['traiæŋɡl]n.angle 角度，角['æŋɡl]n.date 日期 [deit] nseason 季节 ['si:zən]n.month 月 [m ʌnθ] nday 一天，白天 [dei]n.today 今天 [tə'dei] ntomorrow 明天 [tə'mɔrəu]n.the day after tomorrow 后天noon 中午 [nu:n]n.evening 傍晚；晚上['i:vniŋ] n-square 正方形[skwεə]n. rectangle 长方形['rek,tæŋɡl]n. 时间 Timetime 时间，次数 [taim]n.yaer 年 [jə:]n.week 周，星期 [wi:k]n.weekend 周末 ['wi:kend] n yesterday 昨天 ['jestədei]n.the day before yesterday 前天morning 早晨 ['m ɔ:niŋ] n afternoon 下午 [,ɑ:ftə:'nu:n]n. night 晚上 [nait]n.bright 明亮的 [brait] ahalf past eight 八点半past 过 [pɑ:st] vclock 钟 [kl ɔ k] no'clock 点钟 [ə' kl ɔ k] sometimes 有时候 [' sʌ mtaimz] ad usually 通常 ['ju:ʒuəli]ad.never 从不 ['nevə]ad.yet 已经，还 ; [jet]ad. 或 conj. now 现在 [nau]n.good morning! 早上好this afternoon 今天下午next Saturday 下个周六midnight 午夜 ['midnait]n.dark 黑暗（的） [dɑ:k] n 或 aa quarter to nine 八点四十五half 半 [hɑ:f] n adquarter 四分之一；一刻 ['kw ɔ :tə] n often 经常；常常 [' ɔ :fən] ad always 一直 ['ɔ:lweiz]ad.seldom 不常 ['seldəm]ad.ever 曾经 ['evə]ad.all the time 一直just now 刚才next week 下周last month 上个月once a week 每周一次once 一次 [w ʌ ns] adtouch 摸 [t ʌ t ʃ ] vsound 听 [saund]v.look 看，注意 [luk]vwatch 看，观看 [wɔtʃ]see 看见 [si:]vskate 滑冰 [skeit ] vstudy 学习；研究；学问 ['st ʌ di] n sweep 扫 [swi:p] vshow 展示；演出 [ ʃəu] npass 传递；经过；度过 [pɑ:s] v-right now 立刻一些动词taste 尝 [teist] vtsmell 嗅闻 [smel] vtfeel 感觉 ['fi:l]v.hear 听 [hiə]v.play 玩；演奏；表演 [plei] v n ski 滑雪 , 雪橇 [ski] nrow 划；划船 [rau] vwrite 写 [rait] vmop 擦；抹；拖 [m ɔ p] veat 吃 [i:t] vdrink 喝[driŋk]v.shine 照耀；发光 [ ʃ ain] vi dance 跳舞；舞蹈 ['dɑ:ns] v sing 唱；唱歌[siŋ] vjoin 参加 [d ʒɔ in] vhave 有 [hæv] vhas 有，第三人称单数 [hæz] v do 做 [du:] vcan 能够；可以；究竟 [kæn] want 要；想见；追捕 [w ɔ nt] v close 关；结账 [kləuz] vlet 让；出租 [let] vask 问；提问 [ɑ:sk] v Try 试；试一下 [trai] vwalk 走路；步行 [w ɔ :k] v take 拿；乘 [teik] vswim 游泳 [swim] vspeak 说 [spi:k] vguess 猜 [ɡes] vthank [θæŋk] v nplease 请 [pli:z] vgo 去 [ɡəu] vclean 把… 弄干净 [kli:n] v like 喜欢；愿意；希望 [laik] v think 想；认为[θiŋk] vgive 给；生产；出售 [ɡiv] v wait 等待 [weit] vpick 采；摘 [pik] vfight 打架 [fait] vclimb 往上爬 [klaim] vturn 转弯 [tə:n] vpeel 剥（皮） [pi:l] nshout 叫喊 [ ʃ aut] vsmoke 抽烟 [sməuk] vspell 拼；拼写 [spel] v show 出示 [ ʃəu] vtdraw 画 [dr ɔ :] vtell 告诉；吩咐 [tel] n-help 帮助；治疗 [help] v win 赢；获胜 [win] vsleep 睡觉 [sli:p] vneed 需要 [ni:d] vmean 意指 [mi:n] vtvisit 游览 ['vizit] vwear 穿；佩戴 [w ɛə] v hide 把…… 藏起来 [haid] vt rise 升起 [raiz] visit 坐 [sit] vread 读；察觉 [ri:d] vstop 停止 [st ɔ p] v nget 得到 [ɡet] nanswer 回答 ['ɑ:nsə] vwait 等 [weit] vuse 使用 [ju:z] vtbegin 开始 [bi'gin] welcome 欢迎 ['welkəm]fly 飞 [flai] vdig 挖 [dig] vsail 驾驶（船只） [seil] n live 居住；生活 [liv] v become 变成 [bi'k ʌ m] v cross 穿过度过 [kr ɔ :s] v plant 种植 [plɑ:nt] vt stand 站；站立 [stænd] vnod 点头 [n ɔ d] vtshake 摇动 [ʃeik]vsay 说 [sei] vwash 洗 [w ɔʃ ] vbuy 买 [bai]vget 到达 [get] vthrow 扔；转动（开关）[θrəu] v shake 摇；抖动 [ ʃ eik] nbake 烤；烘 [beik] vdrink 喝；饮；举杯祝贺[driŋk] vlay （ eggs ）下（蛋）；产卵 [lei] v cook 烹调；煮 [kuk] vcut 切；割；砍 k ʌ t] vfeed 喂养；饲养 [fi:d] vcount 数 [kaunt] v nroll 打滚；转动；晃动 [rəul] vjump 跳 [d ʒʌ mp] vrun 跑；行驶；运行；逃跑 [r ʌ n] n colour 给…… 颜色 ['k ʌ lə] vmake 做；制作；作出举动 [meik] v catch 赶上；抓住 [kæt ʃ ] v-blow 吹 [bləu] vt vichase 追赶 [t ʃ eis] vleave 离开 [li:v] vrest 休息 [rest] vhurry 匆忙；赶紧 ['h ʌ ri] vbring 带来；拿来[briŋ] vtcall 叫 [k ɔ :l] vride 骑；乘 [raid] vexercise 练习；运动 ['eksəsaiz] v一些单词and 和 [ænd] conj or 或；还是 [ ɔ :] conjhere 这儿 [hiə] ad n there 那儿[ðεə] adthis 这，这个 [ðis ] pron that 那，那个 [ðæt ] pronthese 这些 [ði:z] pron those 那些 [ðəuz] proncan 能，可以 [kæn] aux can't 不能 [k ɑ :nt]must 必须；应该 [m ʌ st] aux. may 可能 [mei] auxshould 应该 [ ʃ ud ] aux maybe 也许；可能 ['meibi] adboth 两 [bəuθ] pron all 全部；都；尽可能的 [ ɔ :l] ad pron nother 另外的 [' ʌ ðə] pron then 那么；然后 [ðen] ads o 这样；这么；所以 ['səu] ad t hankss orry 对不起 ['s ɔ ri] intstill 还；仍旧 [stil] adno 不；不是 [nəu] ad but 但是；而是；然而 [b ʌ t] conj because 因为 [bi'k ɔ z] conjhow 怎么；如何 [hau] adwhich 哪一个 [hwit ʃ ] advwhat 什么；（感叹）多少 [hw ɔ t] pron int when 什么时候 [(h)wen] advwhose 谁的 [hu:z] pron。
COMAC航空科技英语等级考试B 样题
COMAC航空科技英语等级考试B1（技术类）样题Test Time：120 minutes部门_______________ 姓名____________ 工号____________Part I Listening （30%）Section 1 Conversation and Lecture（10%）Directions: In this section, you will hear a long conversation and a lecture. At the end of the conversation or the lecture, you will hear five questions. The conversation, the lecture and the questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices.Conversation1. A) They get you directly to holiday destination.B) Their tickets can be bought on the internet.C) They offer excellent services to customers.D) They’re much cheaper than famous airlines.2. A) They have sprung up recently and become successful.B) They change prices on the basis of customers’ demand.C) They always offer travelers the extremely cheap flight.D) They do much advertising but few people ever watch it.3. A) By travelling before public holidays.B) By buying tickets a day in advance.C) By booking at the very last minute.D) By flying at peak time like Fridays.4. A) They try every possible means to reduce expenses.B) They charge different prices depending on demand.C) They don’t serve any food on any of their flights.D) They have increased the speed of their aero planes.5. A) They only offer cheap tickets online.B) They fail to offer satisfactory service.C) They spend little time on the ground.D) They fly to and from smaller airports.Lecture6. A) The 845m2 wing area is large enough to park 70 cars.B) The plane has the potential to carry 550 passengers.C) The tail is about as long as the Great Sphinx in Egypt.D) The two deck fuselage is as high as a 7-storey building.7. A) It is as economical to run as a common jet.B) It burns more fuel than other jumbo jets.C) It can fly an amazing 15,000 km non-stop.D) It can carry more fuel than other planes.8. A) Toulouse in France.B) England and Wales.C) All over the Europe.D) Spain and Germany.9. A) It is remarkably expensive.B) It is impressively efficient.C) It is a nation-wide project.D) It is extremely complicated.10.A) The expenses.B) The designing.C) The electronics.D) The cooperation.Section 2 Compound Dictation （10%）Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage TWICE. You have its script in the following, but with eleven blanks in it. You are required to fill in the first eight blanks with the exact words you have just heard. For last three blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Remember, there will be a pause for the last three blanks.Laurence Barron, President of Airbus China, defended the A380 superjumbo jet as its safety performance has been called into question.“The Qantas A380 suffered an (1) ______________ engine failure, a fairly rare event, which also damaged the aircraft itself. The aircraft performed as expected and (2) ______________ safely, so no, there is nothing wrong with the A380. It’s a (3) ______________ aircraft.”Barron also says the engine issue will not (4) ______________ next summer’s scheduled delivery of the A380 to China Southern Airlines, the only (5) ______________ carrier to purchase the plane.Meanwhile, Barron explains that the lack of orders for its A350 aircraft, which is under development, from Chinese carriers is due to the country’s (6) ______________ planning structure.“The Chinese government, as you are well aware, works on a 5-year-plan basis, and they are about to (7) ______________ the 12th 5-year-plan which runs from 2011 to 2015. The A350 deliveries that we can offer are now in the what will become the 13th 5-year-plan period.”Eric Chen, Airbus China‘s Vice President, adds that the Chinese carriers’timid (8) _____________ to the A350 is due to its competing product, Boeing’s 787.“Several years ago, Chinese airlines ordered more than 60 Boeing 787’s and for various reasons, airlines lack this kind of courage and determination to be a launching customer for a new program again. In other words, we are buying the bill for our rivals’ dilemma and consequences.”(9) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“I don’t really understand the world ‘challenge’. Our industry is challenging. There are lots of challenges but this is not a challenge, this is a competitor. (10) __________________________________________________________________________ Beverly Wyse, Vice President of Boeing’s 737 program, says Boeing is open to work with C919’s manufacturer.“I think (11) ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________”Four Chinese airlines and two aircraft leasing companies have signed agreements to purchase 100 C919’s as launching costumers.Section 3 Listening and translating （10%）Directions: In this section you are going to hear five short passages. You will hear them ONLY ONCE. In each of these passages some of the sentences are already printed. You are required to translate the missing parts into Chinese. After each of the passages there will be a pause lasting one anda half minutes. The pause is intended for you to do the translation.1)The ARJ21-700 jetliner, China’s first self-designed aircraft, willundertake its maiden flight before the end of the year. COMAC chairman, Zhang Qingwei says this first homegrown regional jet has aroused great interest from aviation companies at home and abroad.” I just came back from the United States and Canada.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.”2)Nine top tier US manufacturing companies won competitive contracts tobuild and supply the aviation system for China‘s new aircraft program, the C919. Airport infrastructure needs are filling opportunities in the US companies as well.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3)The Deputy Chief of the China’s Civic Aviation Administration, XiaXinghua, says more cooperation is crucial for the Chinese side. “Firstly, we need to strengthen our cooperation on sustainable security development, expanding the relationship in a pragmatic way.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________”4)The Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood said that the review would becomprehensive covering design, manufacturing and assembly of the Dreamliner. Michael Huerta of the Federal Aviation Administration saidemphasis would be put on electrical systems and how these and the plane’s sophisticated mechanical systems interact._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.5)Though the tricycle arrangement may be most popular today, that was notalways the case. The tail wheel undercarriage dominated aircraft design for the first four decades of flight and is still widely used on many small piston-engine planes. What makes this form of landing gear most attractive is its simplicity. Another potential advantage results from the fact that _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension（30%）Section 1 Skimming and Scanning (10%)Directions: In this section there are 10 incomplete statements. Based on the following passage, please complete the statements with the information given in the passage.Commercial aviation is an essential component of the global economy. The cost of aviation fuel is directly determined by the prevailing world price of oil, and it accounts for a major proportion of airplane operating costs. Several airline companies now add a fuel surcharge to the ticket cost of a commercial flight to compensate for the recent rapid rise in fuel costs. World oil prices are expected to remain high for several years. The prospect of sustained high aviation fuel prices could propel airline companies to seek alternative aviation fuels. Seeking alternative fuel could become paramount （最高的） for the airline industry should the peak-oil phenomenon actually occur.Breakthroughs and ResearchIt may become possible for super-cooled liquid hydrogen（氢）to eventually be used as an alternative fuel for some types of commercial airline service. Other alternative fuels may include high-density energy-storage technologies that result from breakthroughs in research in the areas of nanotechnology(纳米技术) and in high-temperature superconductivity(超导性). High-temperature superconductivity holds great promise for use in high-density energy-storage technology. Advances in nanotechnology could enable superconductive materials to eventually be manufactured at a cost that could justify their application in airliner propulsion.Electrical Storage and PropulsionEnergy stored in a superconductive storage technology could power electric motors that drive the identical propulsion fans that are found at the front-end of modern, “high-bypass” turbo-fan aircraft engines. Such fans provide up to 90% of the propulsive thrust of the turbo-fan engine. Each electrically powered propulsion fan may be driven by multiple (induction) lightweight electric motors during take-off. Some electric motors would “cut-out” under reduced power demand at cruising altitude so that the remaining motors will operate at higher efficiency (electric motors have poor part-load efficiency).Coanda fans may propel subsonic commercial aircraft that use high-density electrical storage technology. Such units were originally developed by physicist Henri Coanda and can operate at comparable efficiency and at comparable flight speeds as turbine-driven propulsion fans. Electrically powered aircraft that use either turbine propulsion fans or Coanda fans could be flown in thinner air at higher altitude (up to 65,000-feet) to reduce energy consumption (less drag on aircraft) on extended flights. The cooler air found at such altitudes could assist in keeping the superconductive energy storage systems functioning properly.Superconductive energy storage systems used in future commercial aircraft would likely be cooled by liquid nitrogen(氮). Both systems would need to be frequently recharged, which would likely be both energy-intensive as well as time consuming.It may be possible to design the energy storage systems along with their cooling systems to be removed and replaced during shorts layovers—such technology could help reduce the turn-around time of the aircraft. The introduction of superconductive energy storage systems in commercial aircraft in the long-term future would require that future airport terminals be equipped with power generation technology at or near the premises. Power GenerationThe number of electrically powered and hydrogen powered road and railway vehicles would likely increase during a post peak-oil period. Commuter aircraft that operate short-haul service could be powered by ethanol(乙醇) or by hydrogen while future supersonic aircraft could use liquid hydrogen as fuel. The commercial aviation industry of the future (post peak oil) could likely require vast amounts of electric power to recharge superconductive energy storage systems, recharge liquid nitrogen cooling systems as well as to generate, compress and supercool large amounts of hydrogen.Modern commercial aircraft are energy intensive during take-off. Airports that serve metropolitan areas presently process continual processions of large long-distance aircraft during peak periods. Such aircraft could require between 300-Mw-hr and 1000-Mw-hr of power to undertake trans-oceanic flights at subsonic speed. The power requirements of a future electrically based commercial aviation industry could likely overwhelm thepower generation industry of most developed nations.Major international airports may eventually need to generate electric power on-site to meet the energy needs of future fleets of electrically powered and hydrogen-fueled commercial aircraft. Airport power stations may be nuclear; use hydrogen fusion or be based on some other unconventional power generation technology that is still subject to research.Energy StorageThe ability to store large amounts of energy at or near major airports could gain importance during a post peak-oil period. Electric power could be purchased from the grid during their off-peak periods and put into short-term storage. Airport power stations that encounter off-peak periods could replenish(装满) airport energy storage systems that may include superconductive storage, flow batteries, hydraulic storage in hydroelectric dams in nearby mountains (coastal airports) or off-site pneumatic storage (subterranean salt domes that were emptied). Air that is exhausted from pneumatic storage systems may be sufficiently cold to assist in “replenishing” liquid nitrogen super-cooling systems.Power Regulation (Airports)Power stations that provide energy for air transportation use may have to be excluded from the regulatory framework. Most of the electrically powered airliners that will be recharged would be “foreign” owned, thatis, the owners would be domiciled in a different jurisdiction(司法权) to where the aircraft would be recharged. The idea of regulators in one jurisdiction looking after the interests of parties who live, do business and pay taxes in another jurisdiction is quite ludicrous. Power stations that supply a future airline industry with electric power would need to be regulatory-free despite the “foreign” airline owners being “captive”customers. It would be possible for power to be supplied to a single airport by several small providers who compete against each other. Power providers and airline companies could negotiate deals, perhaps even on a daily basis. ConclusionFuture scientific breakthroughs are likely to occur in both nanotechnology and in superconductivity. High-density energy storage technologies could be the likely result and appear in the distant future. Electrically powered commercial aircraft that fly at subsonic speeds could appear in the future irrespective of whether or not peak-oil actually occurs. Alternative liquid fuels that are cost-competitive to fossil oil are also likely to appear and find applications in aviation. Large ground-effect aircraft（地效飞行器） that fly above water and that carry either passengers or freight between coastal cities are also likely appear in the future. 1.The prospect of sustained high aviation fuel prices could propel airlinecompanies to seek _______________________.2.Breakthroughs in nanotechnology could enable _______________________ tobe available in their application in airliner propulsion.3.Coanda fans were first developed by _______________________ .4._______________________ could be used to cool superconductive energystorage system used in future commercial aircraft.5._______________________, which operates short-haul service, could bepowered by ethanol(乙醇) or by hydrogen.6.Future airport power stations may be_______________________; use hydrogenfusion or be based on some other unconventional power generation technology.7.During a post peak-oil period, the ability to_______________________ ator near major airports could gain importance.8.Power stations that provide energy for air transportation use are likelyto be _______________________ from the regulatory framework.9.Electrically powered commercial aircraft that fly at_______________________ speeds could appear in the future.10.Aircrafts flying above water and carrying either passengers or freightbetween coastal cities are called _______________________.Section 2 Reading Comprehension (10%)Directions: The following passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the best answer from the four choices.Living standards have soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. Does that mean that we humans can look forward to increasing Happiness?Not necessarily, warns Richard A. Easterlin, an economist at the University of Southern California, in his new book, Growth Triumphant: The Twenty-first Century in Historical Perspective. Easterlin concedes that richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happy than poorer people are. But steady improvements in the American economy have not been accompanied by steady increases in people’s self-assessments of their own Happiness.The explanation for this paradox(悖论) may be that people become less satisfied over time with a given level of income. In Easterlin’s word: “As incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspirations is to vitiate (破坏) the expected growth in Happiness due to higher income.”Money can buy Happiness, Easterlin seems to be saying, but only if one’s amounts get bigger and other people aren’t getting more. His analysis helps to explain sociologist Lee Rainwater’s finding that Americans’perception of the income “necessary to get along” rose between 1950 and 1986 in the same proportion as actual per capita income. We feel rich if we have more than our neighbors, poor if we have less, and feeling relatively well-off is equated with being happy.Easterlin’s findings, challenge psychologist Abraham Maslow’s “hierarchy(等级) of wants”as a reliable guide to future human motivation. Maslow suggested that as people’s basic material wants are satisfied they seek to achieve nonmaterial or spiritual goals. But Easterlin’s evidence points to the persistence of materialism.“Despite a general level of affluence never before realized in the history of the world.”Easterlin observes, “Material concerns in the wealthiest nations today are as pressing as ever and the pursuit of material need as intense.”The evidence suggests there is no evolution toward higher order goals. Rather, each step upward on the ladder of economic development merely stimulates new economic desires that lead the chase ever onward.Needs are limited, but not greeds. Science has developed no cure for envy, so our wealth boosts our Happiness only briefly while shrinking that of our neighbors. Thus the outlook for the future is gloomy in Easterlin’s view.“The triumph of economic growth is not a triumph of humanity over material wants; rather, it is the triumph of material wants over humanity.”1. What does Easterlin warn in his new book?A)Humans can look forward to increasing happiness with soaring livingstandards.B)Humans might not be able to enjoy increasing happiness with soaringliving standards.C)Richer people tend to report themselves as being happy more than poorerpeople do.D)Richer people tend to report themselves as being happy less than poorerpeople do.2.Which of the following statements may account for the paradox(悖论)mentioned in paragraph 3?A)People become less satisfied though the income rises over time.B)A general level of affluence never before realized in the history ofthe world.C)Though the American economy improved steadily, there isn’t a steadyincrease in people’s self-assessments of their own happiness.D)As incomes rise, there will be an increase in the aspiration level,which will hamper the expected growth in Happiness due to higher income.3.Whose finding is against the theory of “Hierarchy of wants”?A)Easterlin’s B) Maslow’s C) Rainwater’s D) Lee’s4.According to Easterlin, the outlook of the future of happiness is ________.A)bright B) sad C) unclear D) thrilling5.From the quotation in the end of the passage (paragraph 7), we can inferthat ___________?A)The triumph of economic growth results in more humanity.B)The triumph of economic growth results in more material wants.C)Humanity contributes more to the triumph of economic growth.D)Material wants contributes more to the triumph of economic growth. Section 3 Short Answer Questions (10%)Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the questions. The answer should not be more than 25 words.The maximum allowable weight for an aircraft is determined by design considerations. However, the maximum operational weight may be less than themaximum allowable weight due to such considerations as high-density altitude or high-drag field conditions caused by wet grass or water on the runway. The maximum operational weight may also be limited by the departure or arrival airport’s runway length.One important preflight consideration is the distribution of the load in the aircraft. Loading the aircraft so the gross weight is less than the maximum allowable is not enough. This weight must be distributed to keep the center of gravity (CG) within the limits specified in the POH or AFM.If the CG is too far forward, a heavy passenger can be moved to one of the rear seats or baggage can be shifted to a rear compartment. If the CG is too far aft, passenger weight or baggage can be shifted forward. The fuel load should be balanced laterally: the pilot should pay special attention to the POH or AFM regarding the operation of the fuel system, in order to keep the aircraft balanced in flight. Weight and balance of a helicopter is far more critical than for an airplane. With some helicopters, they may be properly loaded for takeoff, but near the end of a long flight when the fuel tanks are almost empty, the CG may have shifted enough for the helicopter to be out of balance laterally or longitudinally. Before making any long flight, the CG with the fuel available for landing must be checked to ensure it will be within the allowable range.Changes of fixed equipment may have a major effect upon the weight of the aircraft. The replacement of older, heavy electronic equipment with newer, lighter types results in a weight reduction, which will probably cause the CG to shift and must be computed and annotated in the weight and balance record.Repairs and alteration are the major sources of weight changes. The A&P mechanic must compute the CG and record the new empty weight and EWCG in the aircraft weight and balance record.The A&P mechanic or repairman conducting an annual or condition inspection must ensure the weight and balance data in the aircraft records is current and accurate. It is the responsibility of the pilot in command to use the most current weight and balance data when operating the aircraft. Questions:1.What conditions might cause the operational weight of a plane to be lessthan the maximum allowable weight?2.What should be done if the CG is too far aft in an aircraft?3.Why is the weight and balance for a helicopter far more critical than foran airplane?4.According to the passage, what might lead to weight changes and cause theCG to shift in an aircraft?5.Who are responsible for recording and using the most current and accuratedata of the weight and balance?Part III Translation (15%)Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (10%)Direction: In this section there are two passages in English. Please read these passages and translate the underlined parts into Chinese.Passage 1The airplane propeller consists of two or more blades and a central hub to which the blades are attached. 1) Each blade of an airplane propeller is essentially a rotating wing. As a result of their construction, the propeller blades are like airfoils and produce forces that create the thrust to pull, or push, the airplane through the air.The power needed to rotate the propeller blades is furnished by the engine. The engine rotates the airfoils of the blades through the air at high speeds, and the propeller transforms the rotary power of the engine into forward thrust.2) An airplane moving through the air creates a drag force opposing itsforward motion. Consequently, if an airplane is to fly, there must be a force applied to it that is equal to the drag, but acting forward. This force is called “thrust.”Passage 2Aircraft flight control systems are classified as primary and secondary.3) The primary control systems consist of those that are required to safely control an airplane during flight. Secondary control systems improve the performance characteristics of the airplane, or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Those included in the primary control systems are the ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder. Examples of secondary control systems are wing flaps and trim systems.Airplane control systems are carefully designed to provide a natural feel, and at the same time, allow adequate responsiveness to control inputs. 4) At low airspeeds, the controls usually feel soft and sluggish, and the airplane responds slowly to control applications. At high speeds, the controls feel firm and the response is more rapid.Movement of any of the three primary flight control surfaces changes the airflow and pressure distribution over and around the airfoil. These changes affect the lift and drag produced by the airfoil/control surface combination, and allow a pilot to control the airplane about its three axes of rotation.Design features limit the amount of deflection of flight control surfaces. For example, control-stop mechanisms may be incorporated into the flight controls, or movement of the control column and/or rudder pedals may be limited. The purpose of these design limits is to prevent the pilot from inadvertently overcontrolling and overstressing the aircraft during normal maneuvers.5) A properly designed airplane should be stable and easily controlled during maneuvering. Control surface inputs cause movement about the three axes of rotation. The types of stability an airplane exhibits also relate to the three axes of rotation.Section 2 Chinese-English Translation (5%)Direction: In this section there are five sentences in Chinese. Please translate them into English.1.太阳能动力飞机的平均飞行时速为70公里，暂时不会对商用飞机构成威胁。