重要!!!已 Chinese vice Premier
翻译资格考试中各种“副”职的译法
翻译资格考试中各种“副”职的译法翻译资格考试中各种“副”职的译法有多少种呢?今天给大家带来了翻译资格考试中各种“副”职的译法，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
翻译经验：翻译资格考试中各种“副”职的译法"副"字在英语中可以用vice、deputy、assistant、associate、under、sub等词表示。
副总裁Vice President考试用书国防部副部长(美国) Deputy Secretary of Defence副总经理Assistant General Manager副国务卿Under Secretary of State副州长(副总督) Lieutenant Governor(学院)副院长Sub-dean of School根据我国的翻译实践，表达"副"的含义用的最广泛的是Vice 和Deputy。
Vice 和Deputy 并无本质区别，在实际使用时究竟选用哪个，纯属搭配习惯。
一般来说，vice与president、premier、chairman、minister、governor 搭配;deputy与director、chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。
似乎可以认为，Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。
如：国家副主席(或大学副校长) Vice President副主席(或系副主任等) Vice Chairman副总理Vice Premier副部长Vice Minister副省长Vice Governor副领事Vice Consul副校长(中小学) Vice Principal翻译资格考试中各种“副”职的译法以下情况常用Deputy：副局长Deputy Director副秘书长Deputy Secretary-General副书记Deputy Secretary副市长Deputy Mayor副县长Deputy Chief Executive副村长Deputy Village Head副院长(学院) Deputy Dean副总编Deputy Editor-in-Chief翻译资格考试中各种“副”职的译法associate用作"副"时一般用于职称。
热点79 认识依法治国的重要性(原卷版)中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读
备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练热点79 认识依法治国的重要性一、阅读理解1China has passed a law Yangtze River Protection Law to protect the Yangtze River, which has been described as the “mother river” of the Chinese nation. The law took effect on March 1, 2021. It is the fir st law to protect a waterway in China.The 6,397 km Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and provides an important lifeline for hundreds of millions of people. It covers an area of about 1.8 million km2, about a fifth of the national total. The Yangtze River provides a third of the country’s freshwater resources, but it has suffered a lot of environmental problems in recent years, such as heavy pollution and decrease (减少) in fish populations. To solve these problems, China put a 10-year fishing ban (禁令) at the beginning of this year to protect fish resources. But more should be done. So the new law came.According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, around 231,000 fishermen said they would give up fishing along the Yangtze River to protec t the “mother river”. Chinese Vice Premier Han Zheng said that more support should be given to those fishermen to help them find new jobs and places to live. He also called for stronger efforts to prevent illegal (非法的) fishing.The new law includes not only resource protection and anti-pollution (反污染) measures, but also design and management, green development and other fields. State news agency Xinhua says the purpose of the new law is to protect the environment better, use resources correctly and make sure of sustainable (可持续的) development.1. Yangtze River Protection Law ________.A. took effect on March 1, 2021 and it’s the first law to protect the nationB. has a 10-year fishing ban to protect fish resources and the fishermen in itC. includes some measures about green development of the Yangtze RiverD. describes the Yangtze River as the “mother river” of the Chinese nation2. Paragraph 2 is written to ________.A. show it’s necessary to pass the lawB. tell us the importance of the riverC. encourage people to protect the riverD. introduce the beauty of the river3. According to Han Zheng, we can infer that ________.A. around 231,000 fishermen would give up fishingB. some people still fish without following the lawC. government should give more support to the fishermenD. the fishermen may lose their jobs and has no places to live4. This passage may be ________.A. an adB. a storyC. a diaryD. a piece of news2Should More Cities Make It Illegal (不合法) to Text While Crossing the Street?Hawaii, the U.S., recently passed a law making it illegal to text or look down at mobile phones while crossing the street. It is the first major U.S. city with a law like this. Do you think more places should pass such a law? Here are some ideas.Sally, Seoul, South KoreaWe should make it illegal in more cities because texting while walking canbe dangerous. If you are looking at your phone while walking, you might not seea car come or the traffic light turn red.Andrew, Sydney, AustraliaI disagree because we have the right to make our own decisions. The governmentneeds to stop telling us what to do. After all, this is a free country. And policeneed a lot of time to catch real criminals (犯人).Madeline, Paris, FranceThis law is a good idea. If this law goes into effect in more cities, people will beupset. But is there really a way to please everyone? This would not be for fun. Itwould be for the benefit and safety of all the people.Anjali, Tokyo, JapanPeople do many things that cause injury (伤害) to themselves but are not illegal.People might get hurt from texting while walking if they're not paying attention.But I still think they should have a choice.5. _________ recently passed a law making it illegal to text while crossing the street.A. Seoul B. Sydney C. Hawaii D. Paris6. What does Sally think of texting while walking?A. Common.B. Dangerous.C. Strange.D. Unhealthy.7. According to Madeline,_________.A. people might not see a car come while textingB. the law would be for the benefit of all the peopleC. people have the right to make their own decisionsD. people do many things that cause injury to themselves3Enjoying a better life at school, with shorter class hours, greater privacy(隐私)and more rights is all you dream of, right?For students in Shanghai, they are no longer just dreams. This week experts(行家)and law-makers in Shanghai had a meeting to talk about a new law(法律). It is called the “Shanghai Underage Protection Law(上海未成年人保护法)”.The law says students’ diaries and letters are their secrets and “Nobody can read them if they don’t agree.”Do your teachers sometimes say something bad to you? Maybe they send you out of the classroom because you fail to finish doing your homework. If this happens in Shanghai, you can stand up and say “No”.Shanghai students may have less homework because of the law. Class hours may become shorter for juniors next year, down from 45 minutes to 40 minutes in some schools.The law also talks about students’ health. According to the rules,“Smoking in these pl aces full of kids is not allowed.”That means you can ask your teacher to stop if he smokes in a classroom.The law makes schools safer for students. “No dancing halls, Internet bars or computer game bars are allowed within(在……以内)200 meters of a school gate.” the law says.The law is great, right? Many students like it.“My mom reads my diaries sometimes. I think she will be afraid if I tell her she is doing something against the law.” said Luo Jia, 13, at Shanghai Fuxing Junior School.If you want to know m ore about the law, go to “”.8. The students’ diaries and letters are their secrets and_______.A. only their parents can read themB. only their teacher can read themC. Nobody can read themD. Their teacher can read them9. Shanghai students may have _____homework, because of the law.A. lessB. moreC. many D much more10. If your teacher smokes in a classroom, you can _____.A. stop herB. agree herC. leaveD. smile11. Internet bars or computer game bars _______within 200 meters of a school gate.A. are allowedB. are importantC. aren’t allowedD. are necessary12. According to the passage, we know the new law is _______for the students.A. goodB. wrongC. not usefulD. impossible4There is a song we all can sing —March of the Volunteers (《义勇军进行曲》). It’s our national anthem (国歌). Now, there is a law to protect the song.On Sept 1, the government passed the National Anthem Law. It states how we should sing or play the song, requiring (要求) all Chinese to respect it. The law will take effect from Oct 1.According to the law, the song will only be allowed to play at nine situations, such as major sporting events, award ceremonies and flag-raising ceremonies. It shouldn’t be used at personal funerals (葬礼) or as background music in public places.Moreover, the law requires Chinese to be serious when singing the song. We can neither joke about the song nor change the song’s words or music. If someone breaks the law, he or she can be detained (拘留) for up to 15 days or held criminally liable (负刑事责任).Many foreign countries also have laws for their national anthems. For example, US people should put the right hands over their hearts while singing the song. In Russia, the national anthem must be played on television and radio before the start and the end of broadcasting(广播).13. During which of the following situations are you NOT allowed to play the national anthem?A. A major sporting event. B. Award ceremonies.C. Flag-raising ceremonies.D. As background music in public places.14. The people ______ put their right hands over their hearts while singing the national anthem.A. in ChinaB. in JapanC. in the USD. in Russia15. What is NOT true about the Chinese National Anthem Law?A. It requires Chinese to be serious when singing the song.B. Anyone can’t joke about the song, or he or she may be detained for up to 15 days.C. That someone changes the song’s words or music means breaking the law.D. At the start of broadcasting the national anthem must be played on television.16. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A new law was passed to protect the Chinese national anthem.B. What people should do to respect other countries.C. Why citizens should protect their national anthem.D. How different countries take action to respect their national anthems.5Shanghai become the first city to enforce(执行) its strictest-ever waste law on July 1, 2019. According to the law, people are required to separate(分离) dry waste, wet waste, recyclable waste and harmful waste. Those who fail to separate waste face fines(罚款) of up to 200 yuan. Companies can be fined up to 5,000 yuan. What do people think of the law? Let's have a look.Robert from the US:I totally agree! China is heading in the right direction and all the Chinese cities are expected to meet this strict standard! I am looking forward to seeing a cleaner, better and healthier China.Kim from the UK: There’s no doubt that everyone should do something to protect the environment I’m all for it. But first of all, we have to make sure people know how to separate different kinds of waste.Michael from Finland: It’s great.In Finland, all soft drinks and beer bottles have a deposit(押金). For example, a Coca-Cola bottle has a deposit in the price when you buy it.You get the money back when you return the bottle to the store. And all apartment buildings with more than five apartments must recycle paper, cardboard, glass and metal waste.Jack from China: I don’t think it will achieve expected results, but things will improve f or sure. Some people will start to realize the importance of separating waste and put waste in different bins. In my opinion, as long as we all pull together, we will be able to make our Earth a better planet.17. What does Robert think of the waste law in Shanghai?A. It’s totally useless.B. It’s much too strict.C. It’s impossible to follow.D. It’s really necessary.18. According to Kim,people should first be educated to ________.A. spend money wiselyB. separate waste correctlyC. clean up harmful wasteD. It’s really necessary.19. In ______ country, one has to pay a deposit when buying Coca-Cola.A. Robert’sB. Kim'sC. Michael'sD. Jack’s20. What can we learn from the reading?A. The waste law in Shanghai is helpful.B. Robert would like to study in China someday.C. Kim and Michael are from the same country.D. Jack is sure that the law will get good results.21. What’s the reading mainly about?A. Why to enforce the waste law?B. How to separate waste properly.C. People’s opinions on the waste law.D. The importance of separating waste.6A 12-year-old girl from Virginia, US, never thought that a simple message she put online could bring her big problems. She posted the words,"Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday”, with three emojis（表情符号）of a gun, a knife and a bomb (炸弹)on Instagram, a social media (社交媒体). She was told that she broke the law because of threatening （威胁）her school.This problem is not far away from us. Not long ago, Ni Hanxiang, a Chinese student at university in the US, was sent back to China after expressing on social media that he would kill his teachers if he failed to pass his exams.In China, posting threatening words online is also against the law. In 2013, Wu Hongfei, a singer, got into trouble for saying on weibo that she wanted to blow up a building."Threatening happens not only face to face but also through the Internet, social media and the telephone,” said Mr.Cao, a lawyer from Chongqing."Although the law of China protects people's right of free speech, it doesn't include words that threaten others' lives and national safety.""Some people may not mean to threaten. They may just be trying to say 'I'm strong’,” said Fred Pratt, a lawyerfrom the US.The girl's mother said her daughter was a good kid who had never been in trouble before. Ni Hanxiang also said he didn't realize that what he put online was so serious."But not knowing the law doesn't mean the law will treat you any differently if you break it,” says David Allen Green, a lawyer from the UK. So, do you think we'd better spend a minute or two thinking about the words or emojis we use on social media before we press "send"?22. The12-year-old girl from Virginia put the words “ Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday “, with three emojis________ .A. in her own diaryB. in a letter to her friendC. on a social media23. Ni Hanxiang was sent back to China ________ .A. because he broke the US lawB. because he wasn't honestC. after he klled his teachers24. From this passage,we infer (推断) that________.A. Wu Hongfei blew up a building in 2013B. the girl's mother didn't think her daughter did anything wrongC. putting threatening words on QQ may bring you problem25. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. According to the law of China, people are fee to express any opinions online.B. Many people didn't mean to threat others when they said something serious online.C. If people know little about the law, they may be treated with difference.26. This passage mainly wants to tell us that ________.A. we shouldn't break the US law if we study at a university in the USB. students and singers shouldn't post words or emojis on social mediaC. we should be careful when we send words or emojis on social media7China's national anthem, March of the V olunteers, is a song that we learn at the beginning of primary school and sing at every flag-raising ceremony. And now, there's even a law to protect it. Last September, the government passed the National Anthem Law, which became effective (生效) from Oct. 1, 2017. It states how we should sing orplay the song, requiring all of us to behave towards it politely.Primary and middle schools must teach the anthem to their students and make them understand the song's spirit and history. Moreover, the law requires us to be s erious when we are singing the song. We can’t joke about it or change the song's words or music. If someone breaks the law, he or she can be detained for up to 15 days, or face further punishment in more serious situations. The national anthem is different from other songs—it is the symbol of our country.Many foreign countries also have laws for their national anthems. For example, American school children should put their right hand over their heart while singing their country's anthem at school. In Russia, the national anthem must be played on television and radio before the start and end of broadcasting. And in the Philippines, people are required to sing the national anthem with feelings when it's played in public.27. How long has the National Anthem Law become effective till now?A. For more than one year.B. For just half a year.C. For less than 9 months.D. For about 10 months.28. Why must we be serious when singing the song?A. Because the school asks us to.B. Because it has a long history.C. Because we are good students.D. Because it's our country's symbol.29. What does the underlined word “detained” mean?A. Kept in a police station.B. Forced to work.C. Prevented from eating.D. Kept singing the song.30. Students are required to put their right hand over their heart in________.A. ChinaB. AmericaC. PhilippineD. Russia8What time does your school start? Do you wish you could get up later every morning? You are not alone if your answer is “Yes.” In the US, many middle school students have the same wish.In America, many schools start before 7:30 am. But that may change soon. A new law has been passed in California. According to the law, middle schools should not start before 8:00 a.m. The government hopes school children will have longer time in bed.Many scientific studies show that teenagers are more active in the afternoon and in the evening. Simply telling them to go to bed earlier doesn’t work well. Most of them don’t get enough sleep because of bad sleeping habits and early school starting time. They need more sleep in the morning. Scientistssuggest middle schools should start at 8:00 a.m. or later. Students can get well ready to learn and they won’t fall asleep in class. _________ The change can help improve students’ grades.While sc ientists are happy with the new law, many parents disagree with it. They won’t be able to send their children to school before they go to work. They also fear that later school starting time will lead to later ending time. As a result, their children will have less time to take part in after-school activities.It’s good news that Chinese education experts have noticed the problem and made some rules about that. So what’s your opinion? Do you expect China to pass a similar law?31. The schools shouldn’t star t ________ according to the new law in California.A. before 7:30 a.m.B. after 7:30 a.m.C. after 8:00 a.m.D. before 8:00 a.m.32. Why don’t most of the teenagers get enough sleep?A. Because their parents need them to do housework.B. Because their sleeping habits are bad and schools start early.C. Because they play computer games till late.D. Because they have too much homework.33. Which sentence do you think can be filled in the blank in Paragraph 3?A. They can put on weight.B. They will like their teachers.C. They will join more clubs.D. They will pay more attention to classes.34. What can we know from the passage?A. The government of New York has passed a new law.B. All the parents disagree with the law.C. Later school starting time may lead to fewer after-school activities.D. Teenagers are more active in the morning.35. From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________.A. students should have enough sleeping time in the writer’s opinionB. students in California will have less sleeping timeC. Chinese experts aren’t worried about students’ sleeping timeD. China has already passed a similar law9Dog Laws Keep Us SafeTaking your dog for a walk can be fun to do. But it can also be a danger to others. People in Beijing andShanghai are already asked to keep their dogs on a leash(绳子). There will be a similar law across the country. It’s listed in the newly amended(修订的) Animal Quarantine Law(《动物防疫法》). The law will come into effect(生效) on May 1.The law mainly prevents rabies(狂犬病). The rabies is mainly carried by dogs. The law makes it clear that anyone who keeps dogs must regularly vaccinate(给…接种疫苗)them. Those who walk their dogs outdoors must keep their dogs on a leash to prevent them from hurting people or spreading disease. Or they will face a fine.In the past, the dog owners decided whether to vaccinate the dog. This meant that if someone was bitten by a dog, they would have to go to a hospital and get treated and vaccinated immediately. Actually, it’s more meaningful to vaccinate dogs than humans.Many other diseases can also spread between animals and humans. According to experts, 70 percent of animal diseases can be passed on to humans. And 75 percent of all new infectious(传染性的) human diseases come from animals, China Daily reported.36. Which of the following is a rule for walking dogs in Beijing?A. People can’t walk their dogs in public.B. People should keep their dogs on a leash.C. People can only walk their dogs at night.D. People don’t have to keep dogs on a leash.37. To stop the spread of rabies, the new law asks dog owners to________.①wash their dogs regularly ②keep their dogs on a leash③ get their dogs vaccinated regularly ④get themselves vaccinatedA. ①②B. ②③C. ②④D. ③④38. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “fine” ?A. 逮捕B. 奖励C. 罚款D. 好处39. If you have a dog, what should you know?A. I should vaccinate my dog regularly.B. It’s unnecessary to vaccinate my dog.C. My dog won’t spread diseases.D. My dog won’t need a leash, because it’s small and lovely.40. What do we know from the story?A. Raising dogs is becoming more popular in China.B. The rabies virus is only dangerous to dogs.C. About 70 percent of animal diseases come from humans.D. Most new infectious human diseases come from animals.二、完型填空It is reported that a law has been approved(通过) in Spain. Spanish children may soon require(要求) to help out 41 housework by law(法律).The law would be part of a wider child protection, and children under 42 age of 18 have to join in all areas of family life. That 43 housework and other work in the family. The rules come under a section of the law called “the rights(权利) and duties(义务) of children”Along with doing housework, children would also have to be respectful(尊敬) to their parents and teachers, and would do 44 in their studies than before. But the law doesn’t say 45 about punishment(惩罚) for children who don’t obey the law.Married Spanish men can also face punishments for 46 doing housework. The law requires men to share in household duties, and the 47 of children and elderly family members.Children 48 learn doing different kinds of housework at different ages, but it is almost impossible for Chinese children. They seem to avoid(躲避) such usual housework at similar ages, 49 their families have protected them too much since they were born. Children don’t realize that they are part of the families and have responsibilities(责任) on taking care of 50 and the family members.41. A. off B. with C. on D. at42. A. a B. an C. / D. the43. A. includes B. pays C. controls D. divides44. A. well B. better C. best D. good45. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything46. A. their refusing B. his refusing C. not refusing D. refused47. A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless48. A. had to B. should C. mustn’t D. can’t49. A. so B. when C. as soon as D. because50. A. ourselves B. yourselves C. themselves D. himself三、短文汉语提示填空根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。
称谓翻译有讲究 各种“副”职英文译法大不同
称谓翻译有讲究各种“副”职英文译法大不同副字在英语中可以用vice、deputy、assistant、associate、under、sub等词表示。
副总裁Vice President国防部副部长Deputy Secretary of Defence副总经理Assistant General Manager副国务卿Under Secretary of State副州长(副总督) Lieutenant Governor(学院)副院长Sub-dean of School根据我国的翻译实践，表达副的含义用的最广泛的是Vice 和Deputy。
Vice 和Deputy 并无本质区别，在实际使用时究竟选用哪个，纯属搭配习惯。
一般来说，vice与president、premier、chairman、minister、governor 搭配；deputy与director、chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。
似乎可以认为，Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。
如：国家副主席Vice President副主席Vice Chairman副总理Vice Premier副部长Vice Minister副省长Vice Governor副领事Vice Consul副校长Vice Principal以下情况常用Deputy：副局长Deputy Director副秘书长Deputy Secretary-General 副书记Deputy Secretary副市长Deputy Mayor副县长Deputy Chief Executive副村长Deputy Village Head副院长Deputy Dean副总编Deputy Editor-in-Chiefassociate用作副时一般用于职称。
副教授Associate Professor副研究员Associate Research Fellow副主编Associate Editor-in-Chief副编审Associate Senior Editor副研究馆员Associate Research Fellow副译审Associate Senior Translator副主任医师Associate Senior DoctorAssistant 也可作副解释，如：副经理Assistant Manager但我们知道，assistant 原本含义是助理。
全国初三初中英语单元试卷带答案解析
全国初三初中英语单元试卷班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________一、单项选择1. The spirit of pulling together can always make our team____at last.A．winning B．wonC．to win D．win2. The movie was so funny that all of us kept laughing stopping.A．for B．byC．with D．without3. Those who would like to help others always have more chances to help____．A．them B．themselvesC．us D．ourselves4. --Is that Anna's car?--It____be hers. She has just gone to the theater for the new opera.A．can't B．mustn'tC．may D．could5. Why not your teacher for help when you can’t finish it by yourself?A．ask; write B．to ask; writingC．ask; writing D．asking; write6. ---- Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office.----- Only when she ______ copying this report.A．finishes B．finishC．finished D．will finish7. The final exam is very important. We must treat it _______.A．serious B．seriouslyC．careless D．carelessly8.–Why didn’t you buy any bread?--Sorry, I _____.A．forget B．forgotC．remember D．remembered9.–Do you have any plans for this Sunday?--I’m not sure. I ______ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.A．can B．mustC．may D．need10.It’s necessary for us _________ to our parents when we have problems.A．to talk B．talkingC．talk D．talks二、单词拼写短文填词。
六方会谈
六方会谈中国在六方会谈扮演重要角色China Plays an Important Role in the Six-party Talks今年八月，中国主办并全面参与了在北京召开的六方会谈。
中国继续扮演重要角色，力图将朝鲜纳入正式的外交轨道。
China hosted and fully participated in the Six-party Talks that were held in Beijing this past August. And China continues to play an important role in trying to bring North Korea into a serious diplomatic process.在六方会谈期间，有关各方，包括我们的盟国---日本和韩国，也包括俄罗斯---都坐在谈判桌前，提出我们的共同利益。
In the Six-party Talks, all of the regional stakeholders including our allies—Japan and the Republic of Korea, including Russia as well—are at the table putting our common interests forward.许多人说这行不通。
许多人说这不可能。
还有许多人说，布什总统应放弃多方会谈的希望而只与朝鲜进行双边会谈。
他们说朝鲜决不会同意任何别的条件，中国在扩大对话方面不会发挥作用，但事实上他们错了。
中国确实发挥了作用。
Many said it wouldn’t work. Many said it couldn’t be done. Many said that President Bush should abandon the desire for a multi-party arrangement and just talk bilaterally with the North Koreans. They said North Korea would never agree to anything else and that China would not play a role in expanding the dialogue. But they were wrong. China did play a role.今年三月，我会见了当时的中国外长唐家璇。
都是副职，vice,deputy,associate,assistant有什么区别？
都是副职，vice,deputy,associate,assistant有什么区别？对于副职，大家都知道副总裁、副总裁叫VP（vice president），所以对vice表示副职最熟悉，但是英文里不同职位的副职对应的单词不一样，还有deputy, associate, assistant等词汇，下面来说说这些词汇的使用场景。
1）vice仅限于用于最高领导职位的副职，其他副职一般不用vice。
如：•副总统 vice president•副总理 vice premier•副主席 vice chairman在公司里，随着公司越来越大，VP职位已经不够用，于是就诞生了SVP（senior vice president），中文叫高级副总裁。
后来，连SVP都不够用了，于是又产生了SEVP（senior exective president），中文叫高级执行副总裁。
在很多公司里VP都不能算高管，只能算中层管理人员，特别是美国的科技公司，往往有100多位VP，十几位SVP，但SEVP只有数位。
这和腾讯的会员体系一样，本来充值可以变成VIP，但是后来发现韭菜不够割，又弄出个SVIP，后来发现SVIP还是不够，又弄了个SSVIP，无穷无尽也。
2）deputy用于除vice之外的中高职位的副手，deputy的本意是“代理”，也就是一把手不在时，deputy可以行使职权，比如市长不在时，副市长是可以代为行使职权的。
•副部长 deputy minister•副省长 deputy governor（官方翻译也有叫vice governor的，可以视为一省最高长官的副职）。
•副市长deputy mayor（官方翻译也有叫vice mayor的，可以视为一市最高长官的副职•副局长/副主任 deputy director general公司层面除了高层有副职外，中层和基层很少有副职，因此deputy作为职位头衔很少出现。
3）associate/assistant常用于学术、技术等专业领域的职称头衔，其实和官僚体系里的“副职”并没有关系，并不能代理正职行使职权，只是一个技术等级而已。
高级口译教程经典背诵版之礼仪演讲
高级口译教程经典背诵版之礼仪演讲UNIT TWO A CEREMONIAL SPEECHTEXTPASSAGE ONE汉译英：1．副总统阁下，威廉斯夫人：贵宾们：女士们，先生们：Your Excellency Vice President and Mrs. Williams, Our distinguished guests,Ladies and Gentlemen:2．我为能在此设宴招待威廉斯副总统和夫人以及其他贵宾而深感荣幸和愉快。
It is my privilege and great pleasure to host this banquet in honor of VicePresident and Mrs. Williams and other distinguished guests.3．愿借此时机向各位来宾表示热烈的欢送。
I would avail myself this opportunity to extent my warm welcome to you all.4．我的心情可以引用孔子在论语中的一句话来表示：有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？A remark the Analects of Confucius best expressed what I feel now, 〞It is such a delight that I have friends visiting from afar.〞5．显而易见，威廉斯副总统的这次访问说明了阁下愿意继续推进我们两国之间友好合作关系的决心。
Evidently, Vice President Williams’ current visit has demonstrated hisExcellency’s determination to further enhance the friendly and cooperativerelations between our two countries.6．我深信，两国高层领导人之间的频繁互访，不仅有助于我们两国之间关系的改善，而且还有助于亚太地区，乃至整个世界的和平和稳定。
中国古今官衔职称的翻译
现代官衔职称的翻译1 正职头衔翻译法1) 用chief表示的职衔总司令Commander-in-chief总编辑Editor-in-chief总参谋长Chief of General Staff总工程师Chief Engineer总会计师Chief Account总建筑师Chief Architect总裁判Chief Referee图书馆馆长Chief Librarian首席法官Chief Judge检察长Chief Procurator（Procurator ate 检察院）总裁/首席执行官Chief Executive Officer（CEO）首席财务官Chief Financial Officer（CFO）首席记者Chief Correspondent首席谈判代表Chief Negotiator部Ministry司厅/局/处/科长Chief/Head of the Department/Bureau/Division/Section 县/区/乡/镇长Country/District/Township/Town Chief/Head2) 用general表示的职衔总书记General Secretary检察长Procurator-general审计长Auditor-general秘书长Secretary-general总领事Consul-general（consulate 领事馆/ambassador 大使/embassy 大使馆）总经理General Manager3) 用head来表示的职衔总教练Head Coach总厨Head Chef护士长Head Nurse村长Village Head列车长Head of a Train Crew4) 用president表示的职衔国家主席President中国科学院院长President of the Chinese Academy of Science最高人民法院院长President of the Supreme People’s Court（大学）校长President中国人民银行行长President/Governor of the Chinese People’s Bank协会/学会/理事会会长President of an association/society/council5) 用chairman表示的职衔人大常委会委员长NPC Chairman政治协商会议主席CPPCC Chairman中央军委主席Chairman of the Central Military Commission政党主席Chairman of a Political Party公司董事长Chairman of the Board of Directors大学系主任Chairman/Dean/Head of a department6) 用director表示的职衔总政治部主任Director of the General Political Department办公厅主任Director of the General Office亚洲司司长Director of the Department of Asian Affairs人民日报社社长Director of the People’s Daily编译局局长Director of the Compilation and Translation Bureau 研究所所长Director of a research institute博物馆馆长Director of a museum7) 用commissioner表示的职衔行/公署专员Commissioner自治州州长Commissioner公安局局长Police Commissioner8) 用commander表示的职衔执行主席Executive Chairman行政/执行秘书Executive Secretary9) 用senior表示的职衔高级工程师Senior Engineer高级编辑Senior Editor高级讲师Senior Lecturer10) 用executive表示的职衔执行主席Executive Chairman执行秘书Executive Secretary11) 其他总理Premier（中）；Prime Minister国务委员State Councilor（State Council 国务院）部长Minister省长Provincial Governor顾问Advisor2 副职头衔翻译法1) 与前缀vice搭配的头衔（president, premier, chairman, minister, governor…）副主席Vice Chairman副总理Vice Premier副部长Vice Minister副领事Vice Consul副省长Vice Governor副校长Vice Principal2) 与前缀Deputy搭配的职衔（chief, head, mayor, director）副市长Deputy/Vice Mayor副书记Deputy Secretary副秘书长Deputy Secretary-general副检察长Deputy Chief Procurator副参谋长Deputy Chief of Staff副处/科长Deputy Division/Section Chief3) 与前缀Associate搭配的职衔副教授Associate Professor副研究员Associate Research Fellow3 “兼”“代理”“名誉”的翻译方法1) “兼”的翻译方法：在主职和兼职之间加上and concurrently上海市委书记兼市长Party Secretary and Concurrently Mayor of Shanghai 2) “代理”用acting代主席Acting President3) “名誉”有时用honorary，有时用emeritus（荣誉退休的）名誉主席Honorary Chairman名誉校长Emeritus President中国古代官职1品到5品翻译一品丞相the Prime Minister相国the Premier大司马Great Minister of War大将军Great General大都督Commander in Chief太尉Grand Commandant太傅Grand Preceptor大司空Great Minister of Public Works大司徒the Chief Minister of the Interior二品骠骑将军General of the Flying Cavalry车骑将军General of Chariots and Cavalry镇东大将军Great General Who Guards the East镇南大将军Great General Who Guards the South镇西大将军Great General Who Guards the West镇北大将军Great General Who Guards the North征东大将军Great General Who Assails the East征南大将军Great General Who Assails the South征西大将军Great General Who Assails the West征北大将军Great General Who Assails the North光禄大夫Imperial Minister of State卫将军General of Martial Might中军大将军Great General of the Central Army上军大将军Great General of the Upper Army三品光禄勋Chief of Palace Administration太常Master of Ceremony尚书令Chief of Secretariat执金吾Chief of the Capital Guard安东将军General Who Stabilizes the East安南将军General Who Stabilizes the South安西将军General Who Stabilizes the West安北将军General Who Stabilizes the North平北将军General Who Pacifies the North平东将军General Who Pacifies the East平南将军General Who Pacifies the South平西将军General Who Pacifies the West前将军General of the Forward Army后将军General of the Rear左将军General of the Left右将军General of the Right中领军Commandant of the Central Army四品御史中丞Imperial Minister中坚将军General Who is the Core of the Army骁骑将军General of Valiant Cavalry游击将军General of Guerrilla Warfare积弩将军General in Charge of the Production of Crossbows 积射将军General in Charge of the Production of Bows城门校尉Commander Who Guards Gate典军中郎将Chief Imperial Corps Commander积弩都尉Commandant in Charge of the Production of Crossbows 持节都尉Commandant Who Holds Tallies副军中郎将Deputy Imperial Corps Commander典铠都尉Commandant in Charge of Amors抚军中郎将Imperial Corps Commander Who Uplifts the Army武卫中郎将Imperial Corps Commander of the Military Guard五品符节令Officer in Charge of Tallies鹰扬将军General Who Displays Owl’s Might折冲将军General Who Oppresses the Enemy with Ferocity伏波将军General Who Overcomes Adversity破虏将军General Who Eliminates Barbarians横海将军General Who Crosses the Ocean楼船将军General in Charge of Navy复土将军General Who Restores Territory牙门将军Garrison Commander偏将军Assistant General裨将军Deputy General。
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Chinese vice Premier’s Europe visit a great success
1.express China’s confidence 表达了中国的自信
2.boost mutual trust 增进了相互信任
3.expand[ik'spænd]cooperation扩大了合作
4.deepen mutual understanding 加深了相互理解
5.have the deep-seated impact of the international financial crisis
对国际金融危机有深层影响
6.[,ʌnə'beitid] 不减弱的
7.still faces uncertainties 仍然面对不确定性
8.be in a tough fight against sovereignty debt crisis
正处在应对艰难的主权国债务危机的战斗之中
9.share them extensive common interests 与他们分享广泛的共同利益
10.be willing to work in concert with the three nations 愿意与三国合作工作
11.seek common development 寻求共同发展
12.convey [kən'vei] China’s confidence表达了中国的自信
13.EU is in their fight against the ['sɔvrənti]debt crisis
欧盟正处在应对艰难的主权国债务危机的战斗之中
14.express China’s willingness表达了中国的意愿
15.intensify[in'tensifai]their traditional friendship and cooperation
增强他们的传统友谊和合作
16.express its confidence in Spain’s ability to tide over the current economic difficulties
表达了对西班牙有能力度过战胜目前的经济困难方面有自信
17.enhance[in'hɑ:ns]the stability of bilateral relations 促进了双边关系的稳定
18.ʃuəl]benefit and带来了互利双赢
19.recognize['rekəɡnaiz] China’s full market economy status 承认中国完全市场经济地位
20.sign with them cooperation deals in energy and resources,
aviation, telecommunication, finance, machinery and tourism
签订了在能源、资源、航空、电讯、金融、机械及旅游方面的合作协约
21.praise the great potential for Europe’s cutting edge
称赞欧洲尖端技术与中国巨大市场相结合会有很大潜能
in technology to combine with China’s huge market
consolidate [kən'sɔlideit] 巩固traditional cooperation
22.explore new cooperative areas 探索新的合作领域
23.develop large projects 开发大型工程
24.create new cooperation highlights 创造新的合作亮点
25.bring mutual benefits 带来互利
26.and achieve a win-win result for all实现所有方面的互利双赢
27.welcome more European enterprises to invest in China 欢迎更多欧洲企业到中国投资
28.encourage more Chinese investment in Europe 鼓励中国在欧洲投资
29.facilitate [fə'siliteit] Chinese businessmen’s travels to Europe 促进中国商人到欧洲旅游
30.解释说明了China’s status on the issues of the exchange rate汇率；兑换率of
China’s currency货币
rare earth 稀土at an early date 尽早
31.Germany express the will to deepen cooperation with China
德国表达了在汽车、新能源、环保方面意愿与中国合作
in automobiles, new energy and environmental protection
32.Britain wished to intensify[in'tensifai] cooperation with China
英国愿意加强与中国的合作
33.high-end manufacture 高端制造业
34. renewable energy 再生能源；可更新能源
35.China will encourage more of its citizens to visit Spain as tourists
中国将鼓励更多居民作为旅游者到西班牙旅游
36.期望有更强的文化关系
37.hope that mutual understanding be further enhanced between the two peoples
希望两国人民有进一步的相互理解
ing the opportunities of marking the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the diplomatic
relations next year
利用明年建交40 周年的机会和2012 年伦敦奥运会的机会
39.
40.boost mutual understanding 增进相互理解
41.admire the Chinese culture 羡慕中华文化
42.wish to learn more about China’s past, present and future 愿意了解中国的过去现在和将来
43.become boosters 成为支持者
与领导人进行深入谈话
promoting a steady development of China-Europe relations
顺应全球趋势和国内形势
46.domestic situations
47.坚持改革开放的国策
48.
49.witness a historic opportunity in the new era 在新时代见证历史的机会
50.加深务实合作
51.deepen humanistic exchanges 加深人文交流。