新东方英语四级笔记[1]
大学英语综合教程四级必考笔记
大学英语综合教程四级必考笔记大学英语综合教程四级必考笔记→●符号说明：=引出解释/词义相同，[]表示用法相同，批注表示待确认，~加粗表示一个词系的词，荧光，数字表示页码。
● 2●Shape = to have great influence on sb;determine the nature ofsth. e.g.1.These events helped to shape her future career.这些事情对她的未来事业产生重大影响。
e.g.2.Her attitudes were shaped partly by her early experiences.她的想法一定程度上由她的早期经历决定。
●一定程度上：partly, to an extent, to some extent, to somedegree●conform 与……一致● 3●off and on=from time to time=sometimes断断续续地，有时e.g.It has been raining on and off for a week, that's why theclothes feel damp(潮湿的）.●Belleville=a city in a coal mining region,has diverse industry.●possibility=likelihood e.g.They haven't arrived yet. There's thepossibility that they've taken the wrong road.●take hold=become established生根，确立e.g.Old habits diehard. （很难摆脱）That's why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.●bored get/be bored by sth; grow bored with a crashingbore/a frightful bore/an insufferable bore/an utter bore讨厌之极的人/事●Assignment=a piece of work given to a particular person（分配的）工作，任务，作业~assign assign sth to sb=assign sb sth [give] e.g. Some work to do on holiday was assigned.●turn out = (1) come out or gather as for a meeting, publicevent, etc. e.g.1.A large group of protester(抗议者）have turned out. e.g.2.Crowd turned out for the procession. (2) provee.g. The plan turned out a failure/success. (3)shut offturn out the light (4)produce e.g. The school has turned out some great scholars.●agony=painful●anticipa te+gerund（动名词）/that e.g.1. They anticipate thatdeaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2005. e.g.2. We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform.(医改) e.g.3. We anticipate hearing from you.●cheerless ~cheering欢呼~cheerful~cheerleader拉拉队长●That most tedious of subjects=the most tedious subject of allsubjects.●Have a reputation for 因……●be able to do,have the ability to do <=> be capable of●Inspire sb to do an inspired guess凭灵感做出的猜测e.g.1.Martin Luther King Jr's speeches inspired people to fightfor equal treatment of African Americans. e.g.2.The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on. ~inspiration+to do e.g.Her work shows real inspiration.●Rigid=fixed in behavior, views or methods; strict e.g.If he hadbeen a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.●Hopeless be hopeless at对……一窍不通 ahopelessly ill patient绝症●Be/go out of date/old fashioned<=>be fashionable/up todate bring sth up to date●Prim=stiffly (too) formal or correct in behavior and showing adislike of anything rude and improper. A prim dress端庄prim appearance prim and proper[negative]过于古板和认真●Severe=1朴素的:Hemingway is known for his severe writingstyle. strict: be severe on/with e.g. Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force. 3 剧烈的e.g. The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-president proved to be a heart attack.●Glasses=spectacles, contact lens●Wavy 卷曲的有波纹的●He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collarbuttons of his white shirts.●Comic滑稽的●tackle e.g. The question set by the teacher was so difficult thatpupils did not know how to tackle it.●Distribute=divide and give out among peo ple, places, etc.distribute sth sb. {词根}tribute e.g. films tribute(n.)/dedicated to the national day; pay tribute to [contribute, attribute to把..归因于]●Simple-minded=showing very little intelligencenarrow/open-minded; high-minded思想高尚; strong-minded 意志坚强●Due e.g.1. The book is due to publish in Nov. e.g.2. The train isdue in 15 minutes.●Face up to e.g. Now that your daughter was born, you’ll haveto face up to the responsibilities of being a father.● A sequence of一连串相关事物 a sequence of dancemovements●Image an image ambassador of..[product]●In my mind’s eye~ mental images 脑海●定语后置e.g.1. A list has been drawn up of words we havelearned so far. E.g.2. All is not gold that glitters(闪闪发光).●Scanner扫描仪●Spaghetti-not taste pulpy (多汁的) poke戳scoop舀prong 叉子的尖头●Recall +n/gerund/that clause e.g.1.I don’t recall evermeeting her. E.g.2.She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon. Remind sb. Of doing/to do/that clause ●Drive sth home将…讲透彻●Argument ∶get into/break off(中止)/terminate（结束）/settle(解决)/put forward; offer(提出论点)/confute(驳倒)an argument●Awake The letters awoke old fears.●Violate=act against e.g. Speeding downtown areas violatestraffic regulations.<=>violet紫罗兰violent剧烈的● A failing/passing grade●Respectable=1 值得尊敬的:a respectable couple?respectful 尊敬的: talk to him at a respectful distance 2 decent/proper合乎礼仪的，礼貌的●Composer作曲家●The graded papers?the corrected papers●Report to sb for sth: I was ordered to report for training to theartillery officers.●Discipline: tighten discipline加强纪律；keep discipline维持纪律learn discipline● 4●Speak/talk/say/laugh out loud●Contempt 轻视，轻蔑●Ridicule=making or being made fun of. 1 In contempt of 对……不屑一顾Do sth in contempt of heaven and hell天不怕，地不怕2 to hold sb up to ridicule嘲笑●Hold back =1 to prevent the expression of feelings, tears, etc.e.g. Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not evenattempting to hold back the tears. 2 make sb/sth stop moving forward e.g.The en built banks(堤）of earth to hold back the rising flood water. 3 to prevent the development ofe.g.You could become a good musician, but your lack ofpractise is holding you back. 4 keep secret. e.g.Tell me about it, don't hold anything back.●Be pure delight at●Power=the faculty(能力，技能，功能）of the body or minde.g.1 We'll have to use all of our powers of persuasion. e.g.2He has lost the power of speech.失去说话能力●Career, profession, trade●At the eleventh hour●As it were=so to speak=as one might say●Put the final seal on my happiness. definite. A seal of approvale.g.This project needs the government's seal of approval.正式批准。
新东方四六级笔记
6月考四六级的同学注意啦，新东方英语四六级综合笔记来袭听力（35%）、阅读（35%）、完型填空或改错（10%）、作文和翻译（20%）。
各单项报道分的满分分别为：听力249分，阅读249分，完型填空或改错70分，作文142分。
各单项分相加之和等于总分（710分）。
目录一、听力概述和故事型及文章型题目二、小对话六大类行分析三、小对话高频场景分析四、多义词汇讲解及科技型文章讲解五、语音讲解（英、美），语音现象（吞音、连读等）六、重要短语集合、听力敏感度训练、六大类关键词七、长对话类型分析八、复合式听写技巧总结（语音、词汇）听力规律：考试失败必男生（历年考试中只有女生Mary一出现，则为反面人物）安慰必女生火车必迟到飞机必晚点邀约必失败吃饭必成功受伤必轻伤车祸必生还货物必售完（书、票）一、听力概述和故事型及文章型题目（一）故事型文章判断标准判断标准：（所给答案中）大于等于两个人名、地名1．“解释结尾”考点——“结尾”标志：停顿三秒钟2．转折考点（通用考点）But,however,yet,unexpectedly,otherwise,...3．对话考点："he said" "he laughted" "he wept(weep)" "he answered"... 升调表否定、疑问（语气语调出考点）（所给选项中）同主语题，例：若主语同为he只听男方的一句态度（二）说明型文章判断标准：选项围绕一个词进行讲解1. “最”特质考点most,more,"-est","-er"2. 因果考点：because,so;for(句中)；as(句前)；that's the reason why...3. 首末考点（通用考点），首三句，末三句段落题做题原则：视听基本一致原则：耳听声、眼看题顺序做题原则对立选项保留原则：选项当中若有两个相对立，则其中之一必为答案，其余直接排除二、小对话六大类行分析（一）数字题1、数量价格类。
新东方四级强化班综合笔记
新东方英语四级强化班综合部分笔记
完形填空考什么题型？
词义辨析-50% 固定搭配-20% 逻辑关系-20% 语法-10%
三大考点：
词汇：单词和短语
四级核心语法：时态+语态主谓一致非谓语动词从句比较级虚拟语气倒装句
逻辑关系(上下文一致)：词汇一致语意一致
完形填空解题方法：
1，充分利用首段首句
2，分析辨别逻辑关系（在四级考试中如果四个选项同时出现了and和or，则正确答案必为其一）
3，利用上下文寻找解题信息
4，排除法+代入法（正确选项往往在形似或意似的选项中）
5，固定搭配
完形小技巧：
1，若四个选项全为介词，且选项中有through，一般选此项
2，若四个选项中有一个单词特别简单，则一般选此项
3，若四个选项中有词的意思为only/barely，则一般选此项
做题原则：先看搭配，再看意思。
三个一致：词汇一致语法一致逻辑关系一致
翻译解题思路：中美差异
1，英语重结构，汉语重语意
2，英语多长句，汉语多短句
3，英语多从句，汉语多分句
4，英语多代词，汉语多名词
5，英语多被动，汉语多主动
6，英语多变化，汉语多重复
7，英语多抽象，汉语多具体
8，英语多引申，汉语多推理
9，英语多省略，汉语多补充
10，英语多前重心，汉语多后重心
十五选十的做法
那道题后把你认识的题目单词的意思都写上，一口气带着空读完，凭直觉现在空上写汉语，前后汉语对比写答案。
1，返回原文，找到该句，通过前后的宾语从句、定语从句、冒号、引号、破折号和相应的逻辑关系来推测该词
2，将备选答案放入原文中检验是否合适
3，记住这几处，就近找、平行找。
英语四级笔记(珍藏版)
短对话部分短对话听力的一些原则1．推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案。
2．挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（如买东西买不到，订房间客满等）3．男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。
男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。
男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好4．父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习5．除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地点推测题类似at home / at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的。
6．四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情，问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项短对话十大场景及一般思路1．借车：车一般是借不到的2．吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，―派‖一般比较好吃3．考试：作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜教授一般比较严厉选修课较难较多4．坐车（飞机、轮船）：一般都需要等5．事故（灾难）：光明原则，一般不会死人6．听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复杂难懂的7．论文：一般需要修改（polish）或重写（rewrite）8．休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater9．医院：需要预约make an appointment10买票：基本上是买不到的短对话的常见场景1.学校场景课程分类Optional course 选修课Required course 必修课Day course 白天的课Evening course 晚上的课经常出现的科目或专业Chinese 中文English 英语mathematic 数学history 历史chemistry 化学Literature 文学考试Final exam 期终考试middle exam 期中考试make up 补考test测验pop test 事先没有说好的测验quiz 测验oral test 口试考试临近draw on / in sight of / draw nearly考试延期或取消delay / be off / defer / hold up / postpone / put off / suspend学校分类public school 公立学校private school 私立学校religious school 教会学校学校中的人president 校长dean 院长professor 教授lecturer 讲师coordinator 管理员doctor 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士freshman 大一新生sophomore 大二学生junior 大三学生senior 大四学生图书馆借书lend / borrow / check out参考书reference book续借renew过期overdue还书return罚金fineattend / have a lecture 上课cut a class 逃课miss a class 错过了课scholarship 荣誉奖学金assistantship 助教奖学金teaching assistant 助教research assistant 助研semester 学期2.交通运输场景fare 车票licence 驾照rush hours 高峰时间traffic jam 交通堵塞overtake 超车one way street 单行道over speed 超速police officer 交警ticket 罚单fine 罚金fast way / express way / high way 高速公路motor way 机动车道super way 飞机机动车道free way 免费高速公路交通工具（出现频率从高到低）plane / train（女）/ bus / bike（女）/ walk （女）/ taxi（女）：女生比较喜欢tunnel / channel 隧道ring road 环线subway（美）/ underground （英）地铁metro 地道地铁underpass人行地道overhead 轻轨flyover 人行天桥mag – lev 磁悬浮take a taxi 乘出租车call a taxi 招出租车/订出租车catch a train / bus 赶火车/汽车3.电话场景mobile phone 手机pay phone 公用电话telephone box/booth 电话亭yellow page 黄页dial （拨电话号码）/ press （按电话号码）extension 分机operator 总机put~through 接通wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人is not in 不在？be not inhold on 不要挂断，稍等take/leave a message 留言hang up / get off 挂断credit call 记账式电话bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话collect call 对方付费电话4.机场场景plane / craft 飞机book 订票timetable 时间表destination 目的地open ticketone way ticket 单程票round trip ticket 来回票non-stop / direct flight 直航transfer / lay over / stop over 转机first / business / economy cabin 头等/ 商务/ 经济舱confirm the flight 确认航班check in 登记boarding card 登机牌security check 安检see off 送行送别时的祝语keep in touch 保持联系safe landing 安全着陆board 登机take off 起飞departure 离港safety / sect belt 安全带land 着陆arrival 进港pick up 接机5.公司场景job vacancy有空缺职位letter of application 求职信resume 简历resume包括几部分basic / personal info. 基本信息/个人资料academic background 教育背景work experience 工作经验certificates and honoursinterview 面试offer 聘用信work experience 工作经验work overtime 加班ask for a raise 加钱wage 周薪salary 日薪bonus奖金allowance 津贴annual income 年收入promotion 升职fire 解雇resign 辞职retire 退休laid-off 下岗work / job / career / course 工作post / position / vocation / title 职务假期休息的说法（依次是从大到小）holiday 假日，假期vacation 休假annual leave 年假sick leave 病假rest 休息break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息coffee break away 离开一会公司职位从大到小chairman of the boardpresident -- general manager—manager – department manager—head – officer – specialist（专员）-- clerk6.租房场景live on campus 住校live off campus 住校外for sale 可销售的房子for rent / lease 可出租的房子to let 同上rent 租金utilities 公用事业费location 位置suburb / downtown 市郊/ 市中心condition 住房条件furnished 配家具unfurnished 无装修leaking 漏水blackout 断电environment 环境transportation 交通land lord 房东land lady 房东太太tenant 房客roommate 室友好的室友：neat 整洁的considerate 体贴的，细心的不好的室友：messy / untidy 脏乱的noisy 吵闹的7.医院场景see a doctor 去医院看医生send for a doctor 让医生出诊health center / clinic 卫生所/ 门诊部physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医make an appointment 预约emergency 急诊check up / exam 检查cold（感冒）—— flu （流感）—— headache （头痛）—— sore throat（嗓子痛）——fever（发烧）——toothache（牙疼）——stomachache （胃疼）prescribe 开药方pill / tablet 药片liquid 喝药水injection => shot 注射operation 手术medical result 诊断结果8.宾馆场景make a reservation 预订房间confirm a reservation 确认预订cancel a reservation 取消预订fully booked / full up / full 客满porter 行旅员tips 小费reception 前台check in 登记入住single room 单人房double room 一张大床的双人房twin room 两张单人床的双人房suite 套房bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 厕所room service 客房服务（四级听力中的客房服务一般只有考一种——送餐）lounge 男士用休息区lobby 大堂business center 商务中心salon 美容厅ball 舞厅bar 酒吧night club 夜总会check out 退房9.邮局场景post / send / mail 寄letter / mail 信registered mail 挂号信regular mail 平信airmail 航空信parcel / package 包裹telegram / cable 电报rate 费率overweight 超重postage 邮资email 电子邮件reply 回复forward 转发cc（carbon copy）抄送bcc（blind carbon copy）秘密抄送subject 主题attach 附件attachment10.饭店场景eat out 出去吃take away 外带fast food 快餐book a table 订位子waiter / waitness 服务员waitressmenu 菜单order 点菜appetizer 开胃菜main course 主食dessert 餐后甜点bill 账单service charge 服务费change 找零tips 小费keep the change 不用找零了11．其他closed 关门open 开门office hours / business hours / working hours 工作时间，营业时间关于开关power on / off 开/关turn on / off 开/关switch on / off 开/ 关（这个词只能用于与电有关的开关，不能用于水龙头之类的开关）干杯cheerspropose a toast tobottom upthe best book 最好的书圣经the best thing 最好的事情选择the last thing 最不愿意做的事情the last man 最不愿意见的人best seller 畅销的东西sell up 卖完，卖光售罄sell out卖完，卖光售罄/ 出卖朋友或原则sell off 低价处理库存商品selling machine 自动售货机selling point 卖点count the days 渴望count on = dependent / rely on depend oncount in 把……考虑在内count for nothing 一钱不值count for little 无足轻重count for much 举足轻重count down 倒计时count up 相加count up to 共计关于旅行traveljourney 陆上长途旅行trip 陆上短途旅行outing 远足stroll 散步wander 徘徊picnic 野餐camping 野营tour 周游cruise 水上短途旅行voyage 水上长途旅行关于死亡的说法没有感情色彩的：die / end up / meat one’s death / decease褒义的：pass away贬义的：kick the bucket关于和别人相处的好的说法get on with = get along (well) withbe in good term withlive in peace with关于强调point outemphasizelay / put emphasis ongive emphasis to达成协议找到出路find a way outreach an agreementreach a consensus关于―得失‖gains and lossesgive and take关于拜访drop in / at / over / bystop in / over / bycall on sbcall at / round swlook in / uppay a visit topay / make a call to关于碰见，偶遇come acrossrun intobump intohappen to meet关于花钱、花费的词Take SpendCostChargePayBuy关于水waterrunning / tap ~ 自来水fresh ~ 活水still ~ 死水pure ~ 纯净水purified ~ 净化水mineral ~ 矿泉水be used to do 被用于be used to dong 习惯于get used to doing 渐渐习惯于used to do 过去常常单复数意思不太一样的词ruin 毁灭ruins 废墟authority 权威authorities 当局brain 头脑brains 智力，智慧custom 风俗习惯customs 海关damage 破坏，损坏damages 赔偿费ground 地面土地grounds 院子，监狱manner 礼貌方式manners 外貌minute 分钟minutes 会议记录paper 纸张papers 试卷time 时间times 时代关于―调查‖researchsurvey 市场调查opinion poll 名义调查民意调查questionnaire 问卷调查investigation 很正式的调查interview 会见，访谈belong to 属于participate in 参加be engaged in 从事、参加be involved in 卷入消磨时间kill timepass timecount one’s thumbs用完、缺少run out ofbe short ofbe lack in lack of / ina little 一点not a little 很多a bit 一点not a bit 一点也没有短对话中常用单词和句型1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的说法expect / hope / wishbe eager / anxious /dying tolook for ward towait / yean / thirst / long forcan not waitcounting the days2.下列词语与―but‖一样含有转折的的意思actuallywellreallyin factas a matter of factto tell you the truth3.表示建议的句型how about……做……如何I heard about……我听说……If I were you ……如果我是你……It seems to me that…… 在我看来似乎……Let’s …… shall we ?让我们……怎么样？Let us …… will you ?让我们……怎么样？Sha ll I / we ……What about ……做……如何Why don’t you ……你为什么不……Why not + 动词原型为什么不……Would you like ……你要……吗？Wouldn’t …… be better / wiser做……不是更好吗？4.表示同意、附和的句型I agree with youExactlyI couldn’t agree with you more / betterI think soI ca n’t wait any minuteBelieve it or notI will …… if假如……我就会It’s my turn轮到我了我请客Why not ?You are rightI guess so 我猜也是No problem 没问题Of causeOut of question 毫无疑问So do I / me too 我也是Sure / absolutely / beautiful 当然，很好Good ideaThat sounds really nice 听起来真不错5.表示询问的句型Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么问题吗？Can you give me some ideas 可以给我一些建议吗？Do you know ……Do you want to……Do you find any wrong with 你觉得……有什么不对劲吗？How long will it take 做什么要花多久I am thinking of ……我正在考虑做……I suppose think ……我猜想……What’s your plane plan 你的计划是什么？What happens if ……如果……怎么办？What shall we do 我们该怎么做？6.表示否定的句型Actually / as a matter of fact 事实上……How can you do sth 你怎么可以……I can’t afford any disturbance 不要再烦我I couldn’t agree with youI didn’t men to我本不打算I don’t think soIt doesn’t matter 无所谓I wish ……但愿……I’d like to but我很愿意但是……I’d love to butI just can’t bearI am afraid notI am sorry but…… is not everything……不是关键no bother / why bother 不要麻烦no , thanksreallyThat’s his opinionTo tell you the truthWell , as far as I know7.表示―不得不‖have to 表示客观上不得不做某事must 主观上的必须做某事be bound tocannot buthave no choice but8.表示―迟到‖behind timebe delayed / overduebehind schedulebe late9.表示―紧张‖trembleshake all overget one’s tongue tiedhave one’s mind go blanknervous10.以下词组听到后意思取反mean to 想要……planned to 原计划……intended to 原打算……tended toused to 过去常常……11.以下句型要引起重视，重点听取，就算本身不是考点也一定直接引向考点反意疑问句( ……，didn’t y ou ?)反问句倒装句助动词do / did / doesit is …… that / who / when…… 的句型正确答案的特征1．含义肯定的不是正确选项，模糊的是正确选项意思具体的不是正确选项，概括的是正确选项意思详细的不是正确选项，抽象的是正确选项意思肤浅的不是正确选项，深刻的是正确选项2．含有一下单词的一般是正确选项neither / either / also / besides / almost / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none3．含有以下三种结构的一般可能是正确选项系表结构（系动词+标语表语）比较结构（……than……）复合句4．含有四级词汇替换项的一般是正确选项5．表示―同意或不同意‖，―喜欢或不喜欢‖，―应该或不应该的‖的一般为正确选项6．以下三种选项一般其中有一个可能是正确选项反意项形似项近似项7．同意项不可能是正确选项，等例排除。
英语四级笔记
1虚拟语气的考点为：would rather + that 从句 +—般过去时；It is vital /n ecessary / importa nt / urge nt / imperative / desirable /advisable / natural / essential + that + ( should )动词原形；proposal /suggestion + that +动词原形；It is time / about time / high time + that +—般过去时；lest + that + should +动词原形；if only + that + would +动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times , provided , so long as , in case ,once等来替代if ；由even if /so, now that , for all 等引导的让步状语从句；just /hardly...when 弓丨导的时间状语从句；more than , as...as , not so much as , the same as , as much as 等引导的比拟状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词( which )和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇局部考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular / patient + with ；yield / solution / adapt / transfer/access + to ；accuse / require + of ；charge + for ；under + discussion 等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to / set about /be used to + doing ；be supposed to / have / make sb .+ do 等。
新东方刘畅老师的四级词汇笔记
三变形： 很多单词并不是那么规整，需要进行简单的变形。 garage 名词“修车厂” g 想成哥哥+(c)ar 小汽车+age 年龄，有一天，哥哥有一辆小汽车，而这个小汽车又上了年纪，那么 送哪去？修车厂 gloom 名词“忧愁，郁闷” =gl（隔离）+(r)oom，有一天，你非典了，被隔离在一个小房间里，所以你一定很郁闷。
例 2 disturb，perturb 汉语意思一个是“打扰”，一个是“烦忧”，请问汉语中“打扰”和“烦扰”有什么区别？ turb=stir 搅动 turbine“涡轮机” turbulent“狂暴的，骚动的，动荡的”，如 turbulent weather 狂暴的天气，turbulent crowd 骚动的人 群，turbulent period 动荡的时期 dis=away 离开 distant=dis+ sta（站立）+ant 分开站立→遥远的 所以 disturb 表示“通过搅动让一种东西离开”。怎么解释呢？比如一天我在学习，一突然来了一个个 好朋友让我去玩，我不同意，他就在旁边上窜下跳，立刻我的精力就被 turb 了，于是我就随着他 away 了。 per=through 从头到尾 perfect=per+fect(do)，从头到尾做的很好，“完美的” 什么叫 perturb 呢？“从头到尾的打扰”。有一天我开着车带着我的朋友去玩，突然呢出了交通事故， 我的朋友在事故中不幸地失去了生命，那么有了这样一个经历，我的心里一定非常的难过，那两三天 以后我能忘掉吗？不可能忘掉，这件事一辈子都会萦绕在我头脑当中，成为从头到尾的挥之不去的阴 霾。
英语四级干货笔记
英语四级干货笔记Diving into the world of English proficiency, the CET-4 exam is a rite of passage for many Chinese students. Here's a treasure trove of notes to arm you with the essentials for conquering this linguistic milestone. Kickstarting your preparation, immerse yourself in a daily routine ofvocabulary building. Flashcards, apps, and word-a-day calendars are your allies in this endeavor. Next, sharpenyour listening skills with a mix of podcasts, news broadcasts, and audiobooks. The key is to stay engaged with a variety of accents and speeds to mimic the exam's diversity.When it comes to reading, don't just skim through texts; dissect them. Look for the main ideas, supporting details,and the author's tone. Practice with a wide range of materials, from academic articles to editorials, tofamiliarize yourself with different writing styles. As for writing, remember the golden rule: clarity is king. Structure your essays with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Use a mix of simple and complex sentences to demonstrate your command of the language.For the translation section, focus on accuracy and fluency. Practice translating sentences from Chinese toEnglish and vice versa, paying close attention to idiomatic expressions and sentence structure. And lastly, don't underestimate the power of mock exams. They are your dress rehearsal for the big day, offering invaluable insights intoyour strengths and areas for improvement.Remember, consistency is your best friend in this journey. Regular practice, coupled with a strategic approach to learning, will set you on the path to success. So, gear up, stay motivated, and ace that CET-4 with confidence!。
英语四级考试网 -- 新东方四级词汇笔记(非常完整版)第6课
other than 不同于，而非，当它与否定词no或not出现在同一个句子中时表示“除…之外”。
66. In no country _A_ Britain, it has been said, can on
如何区分短语与句子？一个结构如果有完整的谓语部分就是句子。
何为完整的谓语部分？如果能判断出一个结构的时态就可以称这个结构为完整的谓语部分。
在什么样的情况下一个逗号可以将句子分成两部分，而这两部分都有完整的谓语呢？
moment
68. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't
bothered by his loudness _D_ by his lack of talent. [trumpet 小号]
must have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行肯定推测。表示一定做过；
can't have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行否定推测，表示不可能做过。
56. This crop does not do well in soils[各种土壤] _B_ the one
to take a seat, I'll be with you _B_. [in a moment
马上，立即（它作为时间状语时一定与将来时态搭配）= in an instant.]
A for a moment B in a moment C for the moment D at the
42. A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born
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新东方四级听力笔记上海新东方四级精品班Tom（徐星海）老师主讲短对话部分短对话听力的一些原则1．推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案。
2．挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（如买东西买不到，订房间客满等）3．男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。
男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。
男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好4．父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习5．除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地点推测题类似at home / at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的。
6．四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情，问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项短对话十大场景及一般思路1．借车：车一般是借不到的2．吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，―派‖一般比较好吃3．考试：作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜教授一般比较严厉选修课较难较多4．坐车（飞机、轮船）：一般都需要等5．事故（灾难）：光明原则，一般不会死人6．听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复杂难懂的7．论文：一般需要修改（polish）或重写（rewrite）8．休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater9．医院：需要预约make anappointment10买票：基本上是买不到的短对话的常见场景1.学校场景课程分类Optional course 选修课Required course 必修课Day course 白天的课Evening course 晚上的课经常出现的科目或专业Chinese 中文English 英语mathematic 数学history 历史chemistry 化学Literature 文学考试Final exam 期终考试middle exam 期中考试make up 补考test测验pop test 事先没有说好的测验quiz 测验oral test 口试考试临近draw on / in sight of / drawnearly考试延期或取消delay / be off / defer / hold up / postpone / putoff / suspend学校分类public school 公立学校private school 私立学校religious school 教会学校学校中的人president 校长dean 院长professor 教授lecturer 讲师coordinator 管理员doctor 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士freshman 大一新生sophomore 大二学生junior 大三学生senior 大四学生图书馆借书lend / borrow / check out 参考书reference book续借renew过期overdue还书return罚金fineattend / have a lecture 上课cut a class 逃课miss a class 错过了课scholarship 荣誉奖学金assistantship 助教奖学金teaching assistant 助教research assistant 助研semester 学期2.交通运输场景fare 车票licence 驾照rush hours 高峰时间traffic jam 交通堵塞overtake 超车one way street 单行道over speed 超速police officer 交警ticket 罚单fine 罚金fast way / express way / highway 高速公路motor way 机动车道super way 飞机机动车道free way 免费高速公路交通工具（出现频率从高到低）plane / train（女）/ bus / bike （女）/ walk（女）/ taxi（女）：女生比较喜欢tunnel / channel 隧道ring road 环线subway（美）/ underground（英）地铁metro 地道地铁underpass人行地道overhead 轻轨flyover 人行天桥mag – lev 磁悬浮take a taxi 乘出租车call a taxi 招出租车/订出租车catch a train / bus 赶火车/汽车3.电话场景mobile phone 手机pay phone 公用电话telephone box/booth 电话亭yellow page 黄页dial （拨电话号码）/ press （按电话号码）extension 分机operator 总机put~through 接通wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人is not in 不在？be not inhold on 不要挂断，稍等take/leave a message 留言hang up / get off 挂断credit call 记账式电话bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话collect call 对方付费电话4.机场场景plane / craft 飞机book 订票timetable 时间表destination 目的地open ticketone way ticket 单程票round trip ticket 来回票non-stop / direct flight 直航transfer / lay over / stopover 转机first / business/ economy cabin 头等/ 商务/经济舱confirm the flight 确认航班check in 登记boarding card 登机牌security check 安检see off 送行送别时的祝语keep in touch 保持联系safe landing 安全着陆board 登机take off 起飞departure 离港safety / sect belt 安全带land 着陆arrival 进港pick up 接机5.公司场景job vacancy 有空缺职位letter of application 求职信resume 简历resume包括几部分basic / personal info. 基本信息/个人资料academic background 教育背景work experience 工作经验certificates and honoursinterview 面试offer 聘用信work experience 工作经验work overtime 加班ask for a raise 加钱wage 周薪salary 日薪bonus奖金allowance 津贴annual income 年收入promotion 升职fire 解雇resign 辞职retire 退休laid-off 下岗work / job / career / course 工作post / position / vocation / title 职务假期休息的说法（依次是从大到小）holiday 假日，假期vacation 休假annual leave 年假sick leave 病假rest 休息break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息coffee breakaway 离开一会公司职位从大到小chairman of the boardpresident -- general manager—manager – department manager—head – officer – specialist（专员）-- clerk6.租房场景live on campus 住校live off campus 住校外for sale 可销售的房子for rent / lease 可出租的房子to let 同上rent 租金utilities 公用事业费location 位置suburb / downtown 市郊/ 市中心condition 住房条件furnished 配家具unfurnished 无装修leaking 漏水blackout 断电environment 环境transportation 交通land lord 房东land lady 房东太太tenant 房客roommate 室友好的室友：neat 整洁的considerate体贴的，细心的不好的室友：messy / untidy 脏乱的noisy 吵闹的7.医院场景see a doctor 去医院看医生send for a doctor 让医生出诊health center / clinic 卫生所/ 门诊部physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医make an appointment 预约emergency 急诊check up / exam 检查cold（感冒）—— flu （流感）——headache （头痛）—— sore throat（嗓子痛）——fever（发烧）—— toothache（牙疼）—— stomachache （胃疼）prescribe 开药方pill / tablet 药片liquid 喝药水injection => shot 注射operation 手术medical result 诊断结果8.宾馆场景make a reservation 预订房间confirm a reservation 确认预订cancel a reservation 取消预订fully booked / full up / full 客满porter 行旅员tips 小费reception 前台check in 登记入住single room 单人房double room 一张大床的双人房twin room 两张单人床的双人房suite 套房bathroom toilet /w.c closet restroom 厕所room service 客房服务（四级听力中的客房服务一般只有考一种——送餐）lounge 男士用休息区lobby 大堂business center 商务中心salon 美容厅ball 舞厅bar 酒吧night club 夜总会check out 退房9.邮局场景post / send / mail 寄letter / mail 信registered mail 挂号信regular mail 平信airmail 航空信parcel / package 包裹telegram / cable 电报rate 费率overweight 超重postage 邮资email 电子邮件reply 回复forward 转发cc（carbon copy）抄送bcc（blind carbon copy）秘密抄送subject 主题attach 附件attachment10.饭店场景eat out 出去吃take away 外带fast food 快餐book a table 订位子waiter / waitness 服务员waitressmenu 菜单order 点菜appetizer 开胃菜main course 主食dessert 餐后甜点bill 账单service charge 服务费change 找零tips 小费keep the change 不用找零了11．其他closed 关门open 开门office hours / business hours / working hours 工作时间，营业时间关于开关power on / off 开/关turn on / off 开/关switch on / off 开/ 关（这个词只能用于与电有关的开关，不能用于水龙头之类的开关）干杯cheerspropose a toast tobottom upthe best book 最好的书圣经the best thing 最好的事情选择the last thing 最不愿意做的事情the last man 最不愿意见的人best seller 畅销的东西sell up 卖完，卖光售罄sell out卖完，卖光售罄/ 出卖朋友或原则sell off 低价处理库存商品selling machine 自动售货机selling point 卖点count the days 渴望count on = dependent / rely ondepend oncount in 把……考虑在内count for nothing 一钱不值count for little 无足轻重count for much 举足轻重count down 倒计时count up 相加count up to 共计关于旅行traveljourney 陆上长途旅行trip 陆上短途旅行outing 远足stroll 散步wander 徘徊picnic 野餐camping 野营tour 周游cruise 水上短途旅行voyage 水上长途旅行关于死亡的说法没有感情色彩的：die / end up / meat one’s death / decease褒义的：pass away贬义的：kick the bucket关于和别人相处的好的说法get on with = get along (well) with be in good term withlive in peace with关于强调point outemphasizelay / put emphasis ongive emphasis to达成协议找到出路find a way outreach an agreementreach a consensus关于―得失‖gains and lossesgive and take关于拜访drop in / at / over / bystop in / over / bycall on sbcall at / round swlook in / uppay a visit topay / make a call to关于碰见，偶遇come acrossrun intobump intohappen to meet关于花钱、花费的词TakeSpendCostChargePayBuy关于水waterrunning / tap ~ 自来水fresh ~ 活水still ~ 死水pure ~ 纯净水purified ~ 净化水mineral ~ 矿泉水be used to do 被用于be used to dong 习惯于get used to doing 渐渐习惯于used to do 过去常常单复数意思不太一样的词ruin 毁灭ruins 废墟authority 权威authorities 当局brain 头脑brains 智力，智慧custom 风俗习惯customs 海关damage 破坏，损坏damages 赔偿费ground 地面土地grounds 院子，监狱manner 礼貌方式manners 外貌minute 分钟minutes 会议记录paper 纸张papers 试卷time 时间times 时代关于―调查‖researchsurvey 市场调查opinion poll 名义调查民意调查questionnaire 问卷调查investigation 很正式的调查interview 会见，访谈belong to 属于participate in 参加be engaged in 从事、参加be involved in 卷入消磨时间kill timepass timecount one’s thumbs用完、缺少run out ofbe short ofbe lack in lack of / ina little 一点not a little 很多a bit 一点not a bit 一点也没有短对话中常用单词和句型1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的说法expect / hope / wishbe eager / anxious /dying tolook for ward towait / yean / thirst / long forcan not waitcounting the days2.下列词语与―but‖一样含有转折的的意思actuallywellreallyin factas a matter of factto tell you the truth3.表示建议的句型how about……做……如何I heard about……我听说……If I were you ……如果我是你……It seems to me that…… 在我看来似乎……Let’s …… shall we ?让我们……怎么样？Let us …… will you ? 让我们……怎么样？Shall I / we ……What about ……做……如何Why don’t you ……你为什么不……Why not + 动词原型为什么不……Would you like ……你要……吗？Wouldn’t …… be better /wiser 做……不是更好吗？4.表示同意、附和的句型I agree with youExactlyI couldn’t agree with you more /betterI think soI can’t wait any minuteBelieve it or notI will …… if假如……我就会It’s my turn轮到我了我请客Why not ?You are rightI guess so 我猜也是No problem 没问题Of causeOut of question 毫无疑问So do I / me too 我也是Sure / absolutely / beautiful 当然，很好Good idea That sounds really nice 听起来真不错5.表示询问的句型Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么问题吗？Can you give me some ideas 可以给我一些建议吗？Do you know ……Do you want to……Do you find any wrong with 你觉得……有什么不对劲吗？How long will it take 做什么要花多久I am thinking of ……我正在考虑做……I sup pose think ……我猜想……What’s your plane plan 你的计划是什么？What happens if ……如果……怎么办？What shall we do 我们该怎么做？6.表示否定的句型Actually / as a matter of fact 事实上……How can you do sth 你怎么可以……I can’t afford any disturbance不要再烦我I couldn’t agree with youI didn’t men to我本不打算I don’t think soIt doesn’t matter 无所谓I wish ……但愿……I’d like to but我很愿意但是……I’d love to butI just can’t bearI am afraid notI am sorry but…… is not everything……不是关键no bother / why bother 不要麻烦no , thanksreallyThat’s his opinionTo tell you the truthWell , as far as I know7.表示―不得不‖have to 表示客观上不得不做某事must 主观上的必须做某事be bound tocannot buthave no choice but8.表示―迟到‖behind timebe delayed / overduebehind schedulebe late9.表示―紧张‖trembleshake all overget one’s tongue tiedhave one’s mind go blanknervous10.以下词组听到后意思取反mean to 想要……planned to 原计划……intended to 原打算……tended toused to 过去常常……11.以下句型要引起重视，重点听取，就算本身不是考点也一定直接引向考点反意疑问句( ……，didn’t you ?)反问句倒装句助动词do / did / doesit is …… that / who / when…… 的句型正确答案的特征1．含义肯定的不是正确选项，模糊的是正确选项意思具体的不是正确选项，概括的是正确选项意思详细的不是正确选项，抽象的是正确选项意思肤浅的不是正确选项，深刻的是正确选项2．含有一下单词的一般是正确选项neither / either / also / besides/ almost / especially / possibly/ probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none 3．含有以下三种结构的一般可能是正确选项系表结构（系动词+标语表语）比较结构（……than……）复合句4．含有四级词汇替换项的一般是正确选项5．表示―同意或不同意‖，―喜欢或不喜欢‖，―应该或不应该的‖的一般为正确选项6．以下三种选项一般其中有一个可能是正确选项反意项形似项近似项7．同意项不可能是正确选项，等例排除。