Corporate Governance of FIs in China (CCLF) 0710
中国金融监管体系 英文报告
中国金融监管体系英文报告以下是一份关于中国金融监管体系的英文报告：# China's Financial Regulatory SystemI. IntroductionChina's financial regulatory system plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability and security of the country's financial system. This report provides an overview of China's financial regulatory framework, its components, and the roles they play.II. Regulatory Bodies1. The People's Bank of China (PBOC): As the central bank, the PBOC formulates and implements monetary policy, regulates and supervises the financial market, and maintains financial stability.2. The China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC): Responsible for the regulation and supervision of the banking and insurance industries, including commercial banks, insurers, and other financial institutions.3. The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC): Oversees the securities market, including stock exchanges, securities firms, and fund management companies.III. Regulatory Objectives1. Financial Stability: Maintaining the stability of the financial system is a primary objective of financial regulation. This includes preventing systemic risks, safeguarding the integrity of financial institutions, and protecting consumers' rights and interests.2. Market Order: Regulators strive to maintain fair and transparent market conditions, preventing market manipulation, insider trading, and other fraudulent activities.3. Risk Prevention: Identifying, assessing, and mitigating various risks in the financial system, such as credit risks, liquidity risks, and market risks, is an important task of financial regulators.4. Consumer Protection: Protecting consumers' rights and interests is a key focus of financial regulation. This includes ensuring thetransparency of financial products and services, managing information disclosure, and handling complaints and disputes.IV. Challenges and Reforms1. Fintech Innovation: The rapid development of financial technology brings new challenges to the regulatory system. Regulators need to adapt to technological changes and ensure effective supervision in the digital finance era.2. Regulatory Coordination: Cooperation and information sharing among regulatory agencies are essential to ensure a comprehensive and consistent regulatory approach.3. International Alignment: As China's financial market becomes more integrated with the global economy, aligning domestic regulations with international standards becomes increasingly important.V. ConclusionChina's financial regulatory system is constantly evolving to adapt to the changing financial landscape. By maintaining financial stability,protecting consumers, and promoting market integrity, the regulatory framework helps to support China's economic growth and safeguard the interests of stakeholders in the financial system.。
国外贸易网站总汇
国外贸易网站总汇美国中央情报局CIA（Central intilligence angncy）：有各国整体报告。
网址：美国商业部国际贸易管理局（INTERNATINAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION）：有统计、国别报告等等。
网址：/美国商业服务：在线提供全球贸易信息网址：/website/website.nsf美国食品药品检验局FDA（Food and Drug Administration）网址: /美国经济联合会网址：/美国商会网址：/default.htm美国联邦贸易委员会网址：/美国贸易发展局网址：/美国贸易委员会网址：/美国商务部网址：/美国经济统计机构（an agency in the Economics and Statistics Administration）:STA T-USA Internet是美国商务部为美国商务,经济和贸易社团提供联邦政府的官方信息。
网址：/通讯地址：STAT-USA 1-800-STAT-USA 202-482-1986电子信箱：statmail@国际贸易/进出口门户网站（Federation of International Trade Associations）(FITA)：由国际贸易联合会举办，有北美30万家企业名录。
网址：/index.html邓白氏（Dun & Bradstreet）(D&B) ：全球最大的商业信用咨询公司。
网址：/美国国会图书馆（AMERICAN MEMORY）网址：/国别研究网址：/frd/cs/cshome.htmlINFORMA TION USA:是由the Office of International Information Programs (IIP), U.S. Department of State.网址：/usa/infousa/电子信箱：infousa@国际进出口研究所（The International Import-Export Institute）(IIEI)网址：/进口管理（Import Administration）(IA)：由美国商业部建立。
IIG 发展方向及战略
IIG 发展方向及战略
廖强 副总裁，信息智能事业部总经理 EMC大中华区
信息经理的价值创造
信息架构必须启用…
战略业务转型 vs. 运营效率 我们已经进入了信息驱动战略的时代 转型，而不仅仅是业务运营优化
机会
内部IT有独特的机会
创新演变，产生价值
业务有独特的机会
成为“影响者”而不是被影响
遵从性有独特的机会
加速影响的步伐
我们发挥核心作用, 如果我们选择…
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
趋 势
3D 信息增长归功于“大数据” 信息量 丰富 分散
信息
新的用户
新的技术与应用
用户现有应用
用户使用需求
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) ~ PCAOB ~ SAS 94 ~ AICPA/CICA Privacy Framework ~ AICPA Suitable Trust Services Criteria ~ SEC Retention of Records, 17 CFR 210.2-06 ~ SEC Control
Code of Corporate Governance for Listed Companies in China
Code of Corporate Governance for Listed Companies in ChinaIssued by:China Securities Regulatory CommissionState Economic and Trade CommissionJanuary 7, 2001(Zhengjianfa No.1 of 2002)Code of Corporate Governance for Listed CompaniesPrefaceIn accordance with the basic principles of the Company Law, the Securities Law and other relevant laws and regulations, as well as the commonly accepted standards in international corporate governance, the Code of Corporate Governance for Listed Companies (hereinafter referred to as "the Code") is formulated to promote the establishment and improvement of modern enterprise system by listed companies, to standardize the operation of listed companies and to bring forward the healthy development of the securities market of our country.The Code sets forth, among other things, the basic principles for corporate governance of listed companies in our country, the means for the protection of investors' interests and rights, the basic behavior rules and moral standards for directors, supervisors, managers and other senior management members of listed companies.The Code is applicable to all listed companies within the boundary of the People's Republic of China. Listed companies shall act in the spirit of the Code in their efforts to improve corporate governance. Requirements of the Code shall be embodied when listed companies formulate or amend their articles of association or rules of governance. The Code is the major measuring standard for evaluating whether a listed company has a good corporate governance structure, and if major problems exist with the corporate governance structure of a listed company, the securities supervision and regulation authorities may instruct the company to make corrections in accordance with the Code.Chapter 1. Shareholders and Shareholders' Meetings(1) Rights of Shareholders1. As the owner of a company, the shareholders shall enjoy the legal rights stipulated by laws, administrative regulations and the company's articles of association. A listed company shall establish a corporate governance structure sufficient for ensuring the full exercise of shareholders' rights.2. The corporate governance structure of a company shall ensure fair treatment toward all shareholders, especially minority shareholders. All shareholders are to enjoy equal rights and to bear the corresponding duties based on the shares they hold.3. Shareholders shall have the right to know about and the right to participate in major matters of the company set forth in the laws, administrative regulations and articles of association.A listed company shall establish efficient channels of communication with its shareholders.4. Shareholders shall have the right to protect their interests and rights through civil litigation or other legal means in accordance with laws and administrative regulations. In the event the resolutions of shareholders' meetings or the resolutions of the board of directors are in breach of laws and administrative regulations or infringe on shareholders' legal interests and rights, the shareholders shall have the right to initiate litigation to stop such breach or infringement. The directors, supervisors and managers of the company shall bear the liability of compensation in cases where they violate laws, administrative regulations or articles of association and cause damages to the company during the performance of their duties. Shareholders shall have the right to request the company to sue for such compensation in accordance with law.(2) Rules for Shareholders' Meetings5. A listed company shall set out convening and voting procedures for shareholders' meetings in its articles of association, including rules governing such matters as notification, registration, review of proposals, voting, counting of votes, announcement of voting results, formulation of resolutions, recording of minutes and signatories, public announcement, etc.6. The board of directors shall earnestly study and arrange the agenda for a shareholders' meeting. During a shareholders' meeting, each item on the agenda shall be given a reasonable amount of time for discussion.7. A listed company shall state in its articles of association the principles for the shareholders' meeting to grant authorization to the board of directors. The content of such authorization shall be explicit and concrete.8. Besides ensuring that shareholders' meetings proceed legally and effectively, a listed company shall make every effort, including fully utilizing modern information technology means, to increase the number of shareholders attending the shareholders' meetings. The time and location of the shareholders' meetings shall be set so as to allow the maximum number of shareholders to participate.9. The shareholders can either be present at the shareholders' meetings in person or they may appoint a proxy to vote on their behalf, and both means of voting possess the same legal effect.10. The board of directors, independent directors and qualified shareholders of a listedcompany may solicit for the shareholders' right to vote in a shareholders' meeting. No payments shall be made to the shareholders for such solicitation, and adequate information shall be provided to persons whose voting rights are being solicited.11. Iinstitutional investors shall play a role in the appointment of company directors, the compensation and supervision of management and major decision-making processes.(3) Related Party Transactions12. Written agreements shall be entered into for related party transactions among a listed company and its connected parties. Such agreements shall observe principles of equality, voluntarity, and making compensation for equal value. The contents of such agreements shall be specific and concrete. Matters such as the signing, amendment, termination and execution of such agreements shall be disclosed by the listed company in accordance with relevant regulations.13. Efficient measures shall be adopted by a listed company to prevent its connected parties from interfering with the operation of the company and damaging the company's interests by monopolizing purchase or sales channels. Related party transactions shall observe commercial principles. In principle, the prices for related party transactions shall not deviate from an independent third party's market price or charging standard. The company shall fully disclose the basis for pricing for related party transactions.14. The assets of a listed company belong to the company. The company shall adopt efficient measures to prevent its shareholders and their affiliates from misappropriating or transferring the capital, assets or other resources of the company through various means. A listed company shall not provide financial guarantees for its shareholders or their affiliates.Chapter 2. Listed Company and Its Controlling Shareholders(1) Behavior Rules for Controlling Shareholders15. During the restructuring and reorganization of a company that plans to list, the controlling shareholders shall observe the principle of "first restructuring, then listing", and shall emphasize the establishment of a reasonably balanced shareholding structure.16. During the restructuring and reorganization of a company that plans to list, the controlling shareholders shall sever the company's social functions and strip out non-operational assets. Non-operational institutions, welfare institutions and their facilities shall not be included in the listed company.17. Controlling shareholders' remaining enterprises or institutions that provide services for the major business of the listed company may be restructured into specialized companies in accordance with the principles of specialization and market practice, and may enter into relevant agreements with the listed company in accordance with commercial principles. Remainingenterprises engaged in other businesses shall increase their capability of independent development. Remaining enterprises not capable to continue operation shall exit the market, through such channels as bankruptcy, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Enterprises meeting certain requirements during restructuring may sever all their social functions and disperse surplus employees at one time and keep no remaining enterprises.18. The controlling shareholders shall support the listed company to further reform labor, personnel and distribution systems, to transform operational and managerial mechanisms, and to establish such systems as: management selection through bidding and competition, with the chance for both promotion and demotion; employment of employees on the basis of competitive selection, with the chance for both employment and termination of employment; income distribution scheme that provides sufficient incentive, with the chance to both increase and decrease the remuneration; etc.19. The controlling shareholders owe a duty of good faith toward the listed company and other shareholders. The controlling shareholders of a listed company shall strictly comply with laws and regulations while exercising their rights as investors, and shall be prevented from damaging the listed company's or other shareholders' legal rights and interests, through means such as assets restructuring, or from taking advantage of their privileged position to gain additional benefit.20. The controlling shareholders shall nominate the candidates for directors and supervisors in strict compliance with the terms and procedures provided for by laws, regulations and the company's articles of association. The nominated candidates shall possess certain relevant professional knowledge and the capability to make decisions or supervise. The resolutions made by the shareholders' meetings electing personnel or the board of directors' resolutions appointing personnel shall not be subjected to approval procedures by the controlling shareholders. The controlling shareholders are forbidden to appoint senior management personnel by circumventing the shareholders' meetings or the board of directors.21. The important decisions of a listed company shall be made through a shareholders' meeting or board of directors' meeting in accordance with law. The controlling shareholders shall not directly or indirectly interfere with the company's decisions or business activities conducted in accordance with laws; nor shall they impair the listed company's or other shareholders' rights and interests.(2) Independence of Listed Company22. A listed company shall be separated from its controlling shareholders in such aspects as personnel, assets and financial affairs, shall be independent in institution and business, shall practice independent business accounting, and shall independently bear risks and obligations.23. The personnel of a listed company shall be independent from the controlling shareholders. The management, financial officers, sales officers and secretary of the board of directors of thelisted company shall not take posts other than as a director in a controlling shareholder's entities. In the case where a member of a controlling shareholder's senior management concurrently holds the position of director of the listed company, such member shall ensure adequate time and energy to perform the work for the listed company.24. The assets invested by a controlling shareholder in a listed company shall be independent, complete and with clear indication of ownership. Where controlling shareholders invest non-cash assets into a listed company, ownership transfer procedures shall be completed and explicit boundaries for such assets shall be clarified. The listed company shall independently register such assets, independently set up account for such assets, and independently carry out business accounting and management for such assets. The controlling shareholders shall not misappropriate or control such assets or interfere with the listed company's management of such assets.25. A listed company shall establish sound financial and accounting management systems in accordance with laws and regulations and shall conduct independent business accounting. Controlling shareholders shall respect the financial independence of the company and shall not interfere with the financial and accounting activities of the company.26. The board of directors, the supervisory committee and other internal offices of a listed company shall operate in an independent manner. There shall be no subordination relationship between, on the one hand, a listed company or its internal offices and, on the other hand, the company's controlling shareholders or their internal offices, and the latter shall not give plans or instructions concerning the listed company's business operation to the former, nor shall the latter interfere with the independent operation of the former in any other manner.27. A listed company's business shall be completely independent from that of its controlling shareholders. Controlling shareholders and their subsidiaries shall not engage in the same or similar business as that of the listed company. Controlling shareholders shall adopt efficient measures to avoid competition with the listed company.Chapter 3. Directors and Board of Directors(1) Election Procedures for Directors28. A company shall establish a standardized and transparent procedure for director election in its articles of association, so as to ensure the openness, fairness, impartialness and independence of the election.29. Detailed information regarding the candidates for directorship shall be disclosed prior to the convening of the shareholders' meeting to ensure adequate understanding of the candidates by the shareholders at the time of voting.30. Candidates for directorship shall give written undertakings to accept their nomination, to warrant the truthfulness and completeness of the candidate's information that has been publiclydisclosed and to promise to earnestly perform their duties once elected.31. The election of directors shall fully reflect the opinions of minority shareholders. A cumulative voting system shall be earnestly advanced in shareholders' meetings for the election of directors. Listed companies that are more than 30% owned by controlling shareholders shall adopt a cumulative voting system, and the companies that do adopt such a system shall stipulate the implementing rules for such cumulative voting system in their articles of association.32. Appointment agreements shall be entered into by a listed company and its directors to clarify such matters as the rights and obligations between the company and the director, the term of the directorship, the director's liabilities in case of breach of laws, regulations or articles of association, and the compensation from the company in case of early termination of the appointment agreement for cause by the company.(2) The Duties and Responsibilities of Directors33. Directors shall faithfully, honestly and diligently perform their duties for the best interests of the company and all the shareholders.34. Directors shall ensure adequate time and energy for the performance of their duties.35. Directors shall attend the board of directors meetings in a diligent and responsible manner, and shall express their clear opinion on the topics discussed. When unable to attend a board of directors meeting, a director may authorize another director in writing to vote on his behalf and the director who makes such authorization shall be responsible for the vote.36. The board of directors shall abide by relevant laws, regulations, rules and the company's articles of association, and shall strictly fulfill the undertakings they made publicly.37. Directors shall earnestly attend relevant trainings to learn about the rights, obligations and duties of a director, to familiarize themselves with relevant laws and regulations and to master relevant knowledge necessary for acting as directors.38. In cases where the resolutions of board of directors violate laws or regulations or a listed company's articles of association and cause losses to the listed company, directors responsible for making such resolutions shall be liable for compensation, except those proved to have objected and the objections of whom have been recorded in the minutes.39. After approval by the shareholders' meeting, a listed company may purchase liability insurance for directors. Such insurance shall not cover the liabilities arising in connection with directors' violation of laws, regulations or the company's articles of association.(3) Duties and Composition of the Board of Directors40. The number of directors and the structure of the board of directors shall be in compliance with laws and regulations and shall ensure the effective discussion and efficient, timely and prudent decision-making process of the board of directors.41. The board of directors shall possess proper professional background. The directors shall possess adequate knowledge, skill and quality to perform their duties.42. The board of directors shall be made accountable to shareholders. A listed company's corporate governance framework shall ensure that the board of directors can exercise its power in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and the company's articles of association.43. The board of directors shall earnestly perform its duties as stipulated by laws, regulations and the company's articles of association, shall ensure that the company complies with laws, regulations and its articles of association, shall treat all the shareholders equally and shall be concerned with the interests of stakeholders.(4) Rules and Procedure of the Board of Directors44. A listed company shall formulate rules of procedure for its board of directors in its articles of association to ensure the board of directors' efficient function and rational decisions.45. The board of directors shall meet periodically and shall convene interim meetings in a timely manner when necessary. Each board of directors' meeting shall have a pre-decided agenda.46. The meetings of the board of directors of a listed company shall be conducted in strict compliance with prescribed procedures. The board of directors shall send notice to all directors in advance, at the stipulated time, and shall provide sufficient materials, including relevant background materials for the items on the agenda and other information and data that may assist the directors in their understanding of the company's business development. When two or more independent directors deem the materials inadequate or unclear, they may jointly submit a written request to postpone the meeting or to postpone the discussion of the related matter, which shall be granted by the board of directors.47. The minutes of the board of directors' meetings shall be complete and accurate. The secretary of the board of directors shall carefully organize the minutes and the records of discussed matters. Directors that have attended the meetings and the person who drafted the minutes shall sign the minutes. The minutes of the board of directors' meetings shall be properly maintained and stored as important records of the company, and may be used as an important basis for clarifying responsibilities of individual directors in the future.48. In the case of authorization to the chairman of the board of directors to exercise part of the board of directors' power of office when the board of directors is not in session, clear rules and principles for such authorization shall be stated in the articles of association of the listed company. The content of such authorization shall be clear and specific. All matters related to materialinterests of the company shall be submitted to the board of directors for collective decision.(5) Independent Directors49. A listed company shall introduce independent directors to its board of directors in accordance with relevant regulations. Independent directors shall be independent from the listed company that employs them and the company's major shareholders. An independent director may not hold any other position apart from independent director in the listed company.50. The independent directors shall bear the duties of good faith and due diligence toward the listed company and all the shareholders. They shall earnestly perform their duties in accordance with laws, regulations and the company's articles of association, shall protect the overall interests of the company, and shall be especially concerned with protecting the interests of minority shareholders from being infringed. Independent directors shall carry out their duties independently and shall not subject themselves to the influence of the company's major shareholders, actual controllers, or other entities or persons who are interested parties of the listed company.51. Relevant laws and regulations shall be complied with for matters such as the qualifications, procedure of election and replacement, and duties of independent directors.(6) Specialized Committees of the Board of Directors52. The board of directors of a listed company may establish a corporate strategy committee, an audit committee, a nomination committee, a remuneration and appraisal committee and other special committees in accordance with the resolutions of the shareholders' meetings. All committees shall be composed solely of directors. The audit committee, the nomination committee and the remuneration and appraisal committee shall be chaired by an independent director, and independent directors shall constitute the majority of the committees. At least one independent director from the audit committee shall be an accounting professional.53. The main duties of the corporate strategy committee shall be to conduct research and make recommendations on the long-term strategic development plans and major investment decisions of the company.54. The main duties of the audit committee are (1) to recommend the engagement or replacement of the company's external auditing institutions; (2) to review the internal audit system and its execution; (3) to oversee the interaction between the company's internal and external auditing institutions; (4) to inspect the company's financial information and its disclosure; and (5) to monitor the company's internal control system.55. The main duties of the nomination committee are (1) to formulate standards and procedures for the election of directors and make recommendations; (2) to extensively seek qualified candidates for directorship and management; and (3) to review the candidates for directorship and management and make recommendations.56. The main duties of the remuneration and appraisal committee are (1) to study the appraisal standard for directors and management personnel, to conduct appraisal and to make recommendations; and (2) to study and review the remuneration policies and schemes for directors and senior management personnel.57. Each specialized committee may engage intermediary institutions to provide professional opinions, the relevant expenses to be borne by the company.58. Each specialized committee shall be accountable to the board of directors. All proposals by specialized committees shall be submitted to the board of directors for review and approval.Chapter 4. The Supervisors and the Supervisory Board(1) Duties and Responsibilities of the Supervisory Board59. The supervisory board of a listed company shall be accountable to all shareholders. The supervisory board shall supervise the corporate finance, the legitimacy of directors, managers and other senior management personnel's performance of duties, and shall protect the company's and the shareholders' legal rights and interests.60. Supervisors shall have the right to learn about the operating status of the listed company and shall have the corresponding obligation of confidentiality. The supervisory board may independently hire intermediary institutions to provide professional opinions.61. A listed company shall adopt measures to ensure supervisors' right to learn about company's matters and shall provide necessary assistance to supervisors for their normal performance of duties. No one shall interfere with or obstruct supervisors' work. A supervisor's reasonable expenses necessary to perform their duties shall be borne by the listed company.62. The record of the supervisory committee's supervision as well as the results of financial or other specific investigations shall be used as an important basis for performance assessment of directors, managers and other senior management personnel.63. The supervisory board may report directly to securities regulatory authorities and other related authorities as well as reporting to the board of directors and the shareholders' meetings when the supervisory board learns of any violation of laws, regulations or the company's articles of association by directors, managers or other senior management personnel.(2) The Composition and Steering of the Supervisory Board64. Supervisors shall have professional knowledge or work experience in such areas as law and accounting. The members and the structure of the supervisory board shall ensure its capability to independently and efficiently conduct its supervision of directors, managers and other seniormanagement personnel and to supervise and examine the company's financial matters.65. A listed company shall formulate in its articles of association standardized rules and procedures governing the steering of the supervisory board. The supervisory board's meetings shall be convened in strict compliance with the rules and procedures.66. The supervisory board shall meet periodically and shall convene interim meetings in a timely manner when necessary. If for any reason a supervisory board meeting cannot be convened as scheduled, an explanation shall be publicly announced.67. The supervisory board may ask directors, managers and other senior management personnel, internal auditing personnel and external auditing personnel to attend the meetings of supervisory board and to answer the questions that the supervisory board is concerned with.68. Minutes shall be drafted for the meetings of the supervisory board, which shall be signed by the supervisors that attended the meetings and the person who drafted the minutes. The supervisors shall have the right to request to record in the minutes explanatory notes to their statements in the meetings. Minutes of the meetings of the supervisory board shall be properly maintained and stored as important records of the company.Chapter 5. Performance Assessments and Incentive and Disciplinary Systems(1) Performance Assessment for Directors, Supervisors and Management Personnel69. A listed company shall establish fair and transparent standards and procedures for the assessment of the performance of directors, supervisors and management personnel.70. The evaluation of the directors and management personnel shall be conducted by the board of directors or by the remuneration and appraisal committee of the board of directors. The evaluation of the performance of independent directors and supervisors shall be conducted through a combination of self-review and peer review.71. The board of directors shall propose a scheme for the amount and method of compensation for directors to the shareholders' meeting for approval. When the board of directors or the remuneration and appraisal committee reviews the performance of or discusses the compensation for a certain director, such director shall withdraw.72. The board of directors and the supervisory board shall report to the shareholder meetings the performance of the directors and the supervisors, the results of the assessment of their work and their compensation, and shall disclose such information.(2) Selection of Management Personnel。
国际贸易实务与综合模拟实训
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（一）建立业务关系的途径和方式
1．商会（ Chamber of Commerce) 中国对外贸易促进委员会(China Council for the Promotion of International Trade，CCPIT)
2．中国驻外商务参赞处(Chinese Commercial Counselor’s Office in Foreign Countries)
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第一章 国际贸易交易磋商与交易程序
第一节 进出口贸易交易磋商
一、建立业务关系(Establishing Business Relations) （一）建立业务关系的途径和方式
（二）公司介绍（Company Introduction）
（三）产品介绍(Product Introduction)
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（二）公司介绍（Company Introduction）
1．经营范围(Scope of Business) 2．经营方式(Mode of Operation) 3．经济实力(Economic Strength) 4．公司名称(Name)、地址(Address)、电话
(Tel.)、传真(Fax)、网址（Web Site）、电子 邮箱(E-Mail Address)
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2、合同正文(Body of Contract)
货物的品名(Name of Commodity or Description of
Goods)
品质(Quality)
数量(Quantity)
包装(Packing)
价格(Unit Price)
交货期(Delivery Period)
中国以及联合国机构名称中英对照
联合国机构名称中英对照International Court of Justice 国际法院Security Council 安全理事会General Assembly 联合国大会Secretariat 秘书处Office of the Secretary General 秘书长办公室Office of Legal Affairs 法务局Department of Political and Security Council Affairs 政治安全局Department of Economic and Social Affairs 经济社会局Office of Public Information 公共资料处Department of Conference Services 会议局Office of General Services 总务处United Nation Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat 联合国贸易开发事物局Unite Nation Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业开发机构United Nations Administrative Tribunal 联合国行政裁判所International Law Commission 国际法委员会United Nation s Commission on International Trade Law 国际贸易法委员会Committee on the peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction 公海海底海床和平利用特别委员会Enlarged Committee for Program and Coordination, ECPC 扩大计划调整委员会Economic and Social Council 经济社会理事会Statistical Commission 统计委员会Population Commission 人口委员会Commission for Social Development 社会开发委员会Commission on Human Rights 人权委员会Commission on the Status of Women 妇女地位委员会Commission on Narcotic Drugs 麻醉药委员会Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations 民间机构委员会Committee on Housing, Building and Planning 住宅建筑企划委员会Committee for Development Planning 开发计划委员会Special Committee on Peace-Keeping Operations 维护和平活动特别委员会United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易开发会议Trade and Development Board, TDB 联合国开发委员会United Nations Development Program, UNDP 联合国开发计划处United Nation Children's Fund, UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业开发组织United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金会United Nations Institute for Training and Research, UNITR 联合国调查训练研究所United Nations FAO Intergovernmental Committee of the World Food Program 联合国FAO世界粮食计划国际委员会International Narcotics Control Board, INCB 国际麻醉药管制委员会Trusteeship Council 信托投资理事会International Labor Organization, ILO 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO 联合国粮食农业组织United Nation Educational Scientific and Culture Organization, UNESCO 联合国教育科学文化组织International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO 国际民间航空组织World Health Organization, WHO 世界卫生组织International Telecommunications Union, ITU 国际电信同盟World Meteorological Organization, WMO 世界气象组织Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟International Maritime Consultative Organization, IMCO 国际海事协议组织International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融组织International Monetary Fund, IMF 国际货币基金会International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, IBRD 世界银行International Development Association, IDA 国际开发协会General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT 有关关税贸易一般规定International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA 国际原子能组织World Federation of Trade Unions, WFTU 世界劳工组织International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, ICFTU 国际自由劳工联盟International Chamber of Commerce, ICC 国际工农商会International Federation of Agricultural Producers, IFAC 国际农业生产联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union, IPU 诸国会议同盟International Organization of Employers, IOE 国际雇佣者组织World Veterans Federation, WVF 世界退伍军人联盟International Union of Local Authorities, IULA 世界地方自治联盟United Towns Organization, UTO 姊妹市团体联盟中国国家机关英文名称1. 全国人民代表大会 [National People\'s Congress (NPC)主席团 Presidium常务委员会 Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committeem提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affair华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affair特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Question宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution2.中华人民共和国主席 [President of the People\'s Republic of China]/3. 中央军事委员会 [Central Military Commission]4. 最高人民法院 [Supreme People\'s Court]5. 最高人民检察院 [Supreme People\'s Procuratorate]6. 国务院 [State Council(1)国务院部委 Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affair国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry forNational Defence国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Financem人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resource建设部Ministry of Construction铁道部Ministry of Railway交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resource农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People\'s Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构 Offices under the State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affair港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾事物办公室Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公室Office of Legislative Affair经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customswe国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration)中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)]国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television 国家体育总局State Sport General Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA).国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事物局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事办Counsellors\' Office of the State Council国务院机关事物管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council(4)国务院直属事业单位 Institutions Directly under the State新华通讯社Xinhua News AgencymBccxx中国科学院Chinese Academy of SciencesC!1中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineeringb国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of AdministrationY中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau24om中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administrated by Ministries orCommissionsK国家粮食储备局（国家发展计划委员会）State Bureau of Grain Reserve (under the State)国家国内贸易局State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine-Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industriesr 国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry[以上由国家经贸委管理][all under the State Economic and Trade Commission]|国家外国专家局（人事部）State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)国家海洋局（国土资源部）State Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家测绘局（国土资源部）State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家邮政局（信息产业部）State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局（文化部）State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)国家中医药管理局（卫生部）State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health国家外汇管理局（中国人民银行总行）State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People\'s Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局（海关总署）State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)国际与区域组织英文缩略语1国际与区域组织名称《pinyin A》阿拉伯共同市场Arab Common Market (ACM)阿拉伯国家联盟(阿盟)League of Arab States (Arab League; LAS)阿拉伯货币基金组织Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)阿拉伯经济统一委员会Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)阿拉伯联盟教科文组织Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO)阿拉伯马格里布联盟Union de Maghreb Arabe (UMA); Union of the Arab Maghreb阿拉伯石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)安第斯共同市场Andean Common Market (ANCOM)安第斯共同体Andean Community安第斯条约组织Andean Pact Organization (APO); Pacto Andino (PA) 《pinyin B》八国集团Group of Eight (G8)巴黎俱乐部Paris Club (Group of Ten)巴黎联盟(国际保护工业产权联盟)Paris Convention (International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property)巴黎统筹委员会(巴统)Coordinating Committee on Export Control (COCOM); Coordinating Committee for Export to Communist Countries北大西洋公约组织(北约)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)北大西洋合作理事会North Atlantic Cooperation Council北美自由贸易区North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA)北南核控制联合委员会North-South Nuclear Joint Committee北欧理事会Nordic Council北欧邮政联盟Nordic Postal Union (NPU)北太平洋海洋科学组织North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) 伯尔尼(国际保护文学艺术作品)联盟Berne Union (for he Protection of Literary and Artistic Works)不结盟运动Non-Aligned Movement (NPU)《pinyin C》朝鲜半岛能源开发组织Korea Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO)船长协会国际联合会International Federation of Shipmasters’ Association (IFSMA)促进种族平等公民协会Citizens’ Association for Racial Equality 《pinyin D》大陆架界限委员会Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf大气科学委员会Commission of Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)大气污染管制委员会Air Pollution Control Commission (APCC)大气污染控制管理局Air Pollution Control Administration (APCA)大赦国际Amnesty International大西洋自由贸易区Atlantic Free Trade Area (AFTA)第三世界科学院Academy of Sciences for the Third World东非共同体East African Community (EAC)东加勒比共同市场East Caribbean Common Market (ECCM)东加勒比组织Organization of the Eastern Caribbean States东盟各国议会组织ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Organization东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)东南非共同市场Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) 东南亚国家联盟(东盟)Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)《pinyin F》发展工业产权和有关权利合作常设委员会Permanent Committee for Development Cooperation Related to Industrial Rights发展中国家间经济合作委员会Committee on Economic Cooperation Among Developing Countries发展著作权和邻接权利合作常设委员会Permanent Committee for Development Related to Copyright and Neighbouring Rights法语国家首脑会议Somet de la francophonie; Summit of Francophone Countries反对原子弹氢弹会议Conference Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs泛非电信联盟Pan African Telecommunication Union (PATU)泛非妇女组织Organization Panafricaine des Femmes (OPF); Pan-African Women’s Organization (PAWO)防止空气污染协会国际联合会International Union of Air Pollution Prevention Association (IUAPPA)防止歧视和保护少数小组委员会Sub-committee on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities防止外层空间军备竞赛特设委员会Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space非殖民化委员会(24国委员会)Commission on Decolonisation (Committee of 24)非洲，加勒比和太平洋地区国家集团(非加太集团)Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific Region Countries (ACP Group)非洲经济共同体African Economic Community非洲人权和民族权委员会African Committee on Human and People’s Right 非洲统一组织(非统组织)Organization of African Unity (OAU)非洲邮政联盟African Postal Union (APU)扶轮社国际Rotary International《pinyin G》国际与区域组织英文缩略语2各国议会联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)国际奥林匹克委员会International Olympic Committee (IOC)国际版权协会International Copyright Society国际保护工业产权联盟(即巴黎联盟)International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Union)国际保护工业产权协会International Association for the Protection of Industrial Property (IAPIP)国际保护知识产权联合局United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI)国际保护自然资源联盟International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)国际笔会(国际诗人，剧作家，编辑，散文家和小说家协会)International PEN (International Association of Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists and Novelists)国际标准化知识International Standardization Organization (ISO)国际标准协会International Standard Association (ISA)国际材料物理中心International Center for Materials Physics (ICMP)国际船东协会International Shipping Federation (ISP)国际船级社协会International Association of Classification Societies (IACS)国际纯粹和应用化学联盟International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)国际纯粹和应用生物物理学联盟International Union of Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB)国际大坝委员会International Commission on Large Dam (ICOLD)国际大学生体育联合会Federation Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU)国际地球科学信息网络集团Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)国际地球学联盟International Geographical Union (IGU)国际地震中心International Seismological Centre (ISC)国际地质大会International Geological Congress (IGC)国际地质科学联盟International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)国际冻土协会International Permafrost Association (IPA)国际独立油船东协会International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO)国际度量衡局International Bureau of Weight and Measurements (IBWM)国际儿童福利联合会International Union for Child Welfare (IUCW)国际法官联合会International Union of Judges国际法协会International Law Association国际法学家委员会International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)国际法学协会International Association of Legal Science (IALS)国际纺织学会International Textile Institute (ITI)国际辐射防护协会International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) 国际妇女同盟International Alliance of Women (IAW)国际妇女协会International Women Society国际港口协会International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH)国际公务员协会联合会Federation of International Civil Servants Associations (FICSA)国际公务员制度委员会International Civil Service Commission (ICSC)国际古生物协会International Palaeontological Association (IPA)国际雇主知识International Organization of Employers (IOE)国际广播协会International Association of Broadcasting (IAB)国际海道测量知识International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)国际海底管理局International Sea-Bed Authority国际海事卫星知识International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)国际海运联盟International Shipping Federation国际航标协会International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) 国际航空科学理事会International Council of Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS) 国际航空联合会Aeronautic International Federation (FAI)国际航空运输协会International Air Transport Association (IATA)国际航运会议常设协会Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (PIANC)国际航运协会International Chamber of Shipping国际和平利用原子能会议International Conference on the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy国际和平学会International Peace Academy (IPA)国际核数据委员会International Nuclear Data Committee (INDC)国际红十字International Red Cross (IRC)国际环境法理事会International Council of Environmental Law国际环境事务研究所International Institute for Environmental Affairs 国际计划生育联合会International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) 国际建筑师协会International Union of Architects (IUA)国际救济联合会International Relief Union (IRU)国际军事体育理事会International Military Sports Council (IMSC)国际开发委员会Commission on International Development (CID)国际科学基金会International Foundation of Sciences (IFS)国际科学联盟理事会International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) 国际空间研究委员会International Committee on Space Research (ICSR)国际空运协会International Air Transport Association (IATA)国际理论和应用力学联盟International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics国际理论物理中心International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) 国际律师协会International Bar Association (IBA)国际毛纺知识International Wool Textile Organization (IWTO)国际民主妇女联合会Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF)国际难民知识International Refugee Organization (IRO)国际能源机构International Energy Agency (IEA)国际殴亚科学院International Academy for Europe and Asia (IAEA)国际清算银行Bank for International Settlements (BIS)国际人口问题科学研究联合会International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP)国际人权法院International Court of Human Rights国际人权联合会International Federation of Human Rights国际人与生物圈保护区网络International Man and Biosphere Reserve Network 国际商会International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)国际商事仲裁协会International Commercial Arbitration Association国际商业仲裁会International Council for Commercial Arbitration国际生态学协会International Association for Ecology国际生物化学与分子生物学联盟International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)国际生物科学联合会International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS) 国际圣经协会International Bible Society (IBS)国际世界语协会Universala Esperanto-Asocio; Universal Esperanto Association (UEA)国际数学联盟International Mathematical Union (IMU)国际水资源协会International Water Resources Association (IWRA)国际丝绸协会International Silk Association (ISA)国际体操联合会Federation Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG); International Federation of Gymnastics国际天文学联合会International Astronomical Union (IAU)国际通讯卫星知识International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)国际投资银行International Investment Bank (IIB)国际土壤协会International Society of Soil Science (ISSS)国际细胞生物学联合会International Federation for Cell Biology (IFCB) 国际心理科学联盟International Union of Psychological Science国际新闻工作者协会International Federation of Journalists国际信息和文献联合会International Federation for Information and documentation国际刑法协会International Association of Penal Law (IAPL)国际刑警组织International Criminal Police Organization (INERPOL; ICPO) 国际刑事学会International Association of Criminal Science国际宣教协会International Missionary Council (IMC)国际学生联合会International Union of Student (IUS)国际移民组织International Organization for Migration (IOM)国际遗传学联合会International Genetics Federation (IGF)国际译联International Federation of Translators国际音乐理事会International Music Council (IMC)国际应用心理学协会International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP)国际有线发行联盟International Alliance for Distribution by Cable国际宇航科学院International Academy of Astronautics (IAA)国际植物生理学家协会International Association for Plant Physiologists (IAPP)国际自动控制联合会International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) 国际自由工会联合会(自由工联)International confederation of Free Trade Union (ICFTU)国际足球联合会International Football Federation (FIFA)《pinyin H》国际与区域组织英文缩略语3海湾(阿拉伯国家)合作委员会 Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf; Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)海洋研究科学委员会 Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)海洋研究气象委员会 Commission on Maritime Meteorology (CMM)海洋资源研究咨询委员会 Advisory committee on Marine Resources Research 和平利用外层空间委员会 Committee of Peaceful Uses of Outer Space和平利用原子能国际会议咨询委员会Advisory Committee of the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy和平利用原子能委员会 Committee on the Use of Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes (CUAEPP)红十字与红月会国际联合会 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)环境问题科学委员会 Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE)环境与发展国际研究中心(环发中心) Centre for International Research of Environment and Development (CIRED)环太平洋论坛 Pacific Rim Forum (PRF)《pinyin J》基督教会联合会 World Council of Churches (WCC)基督教女青年会Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA)基督教青年会Young men’s Christian Association (YMCA)计划生育- 世界人口组织 Planned Parenthood – World Population加勒比共同体和共同市场 Caribbean community and Common Market (CARICOM) 经济合作与发展组织(经合组织) organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)《pinyin K》孔塔多拉集团 Contadora Group《pinyin L》拉丁美洲共同市场Latin America Common Market (LACM)拉丁美洲和加勒比禁止核武器组织 Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean拉丁美洲货币同盟Latin American Monetary Union拉丁美洲经济体系 Latin American Economic System (LAES)拉丁美洲经济委员会 Economic Commission of Latin America (ECLA)拉丁美洲发展金融机构协会 Latin American Association of Development of Financing Institutions拉丁美洲能源组织 Latin American Energy Organization (OLAE)拉丁美洲社会学会 Association of Latin American Sociology (ALAS)拉丁美洲协调特别委员会 Special Committee on Latin American Coordination 拉丁美洲一体化协会 Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)拉丁美洲自由贸易区 Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA)拉丁美洲自由贸易市场 Latin American Free Trade Market拉丁美洲自由贸易协会 Latin American Free Trade Association联合国协会世界联合会 World Federation of United Nations Associations (WFUNA)伦敦核供应国俱乐部 Lond on Suppliers’ Club《pinyin M》马格理布联盟 Union du Maghreb (UMA)美洲出口贸易促进中心 Inter-American Export Promotion Centre美洲储蓄和贷款银行 Inter-American Saving and Loans Banks美洲国家间人权委员会 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights美洲国际组织 Organization of American States (OAS)美洲经济及社会理事会 Inter-American Economic and Social Council美洲开发银行 Inter-America Development Bank美洲人权委员会 Inter-America Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)《pinyin N》南北协调委员会 North-South Coordinating committee南部非洲发展共同体 Southern African Development Community (SADC)南部非洲关税同盟 Southern African Customs Union (SACU)南方共同市场 South Common Market南南会议 South-South Conference南太平洋论坛 South Pacific Forum (SPF)南亚区域合作联盟 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)《pinyin O》欧洲安全与合作组织(欧安组织，原欧洲安全与合作会议) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE, formerly known as Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe)欧洲裁军会议 Conference on Disarmament in Europe (CDE)欧洲复兴开发银行 European Bank of Reconstruction and Development欧洲经济合作组织 Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) 欧洲联盟(欧盟) European Union (EU)欧洲人权法院 European Court of Human Rights欧洲人权委员会 European Commission of Human Rights欧洲原子能委员会 European Atomic Commission (EAC)欧洲原子能学会 European Atomic Energy Society (EAES)欧洲自由贸易联盟 European Free Trade Association (EFTA)pinyin S》三边委员会(日美欧委员会) Trilateral Commission of Japan, North America and Europe (TC)社会党国际 Socialist International石油输出国组织(欧佩克) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)世界残疾人组织理事会 Council of World Organizations Interested in the Handicapped (CWOIH)世界动物保护联合会 World Federation for the Protection of Animals世界佛教徒联谊会 World Fellowship of Buddhists (WFB)世界工会联合会(世界工联) World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)世界海关组织 World Customs Organization世界和平理事会 World Peace Council (WPC)世界基督教联合会 World Council of Churches (WCC)世界教师工会协进会World Federation of Teachers’ Unions世界科学工作者联合会 World Federation of Scientific Worker (WFSW)世界劳工联合会 World Confederation of Labour (WCL)世界旅游组织 World Tourism Organization (WTO)世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization (WTO)世界穆斯林大会 World Muslim Congress世界穆斯林联盟 Muslim World League (MWL)世界青年大会 World Assembly of Youth (WAY)世界人权大会 World Conference on Human Rights世界野生动物基金会 World Wildlife Fund (WWF)世界伊斯兰大会 World Islamic Congress世界医学学会 World Medical Association世界艺术与科学学会 World Academy of Art and Science世界犹太人大会 World Jewish Congress世界幼儿教育组织World Organization for Early Children’s Education世界针灸学会联合会 World Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Societies世界自然保护联盟 World Conservation Union世界宗教和平大会 World Conference on Religion and Peace (WCRP)《pinyin T》太平洋经济合作理事会 Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC)《pinyin X》西方七国首脑会议 Seven-Nation Economic Summit; Group of Seven Summit (G7 Summit)西非国际经济共同体 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) 西欧联盟 Western European Union (WEU)pinyin Y》亚大邮联 Asian-Oceanic Postal Union (AOPU; UPAO)亚非法律协商委员会 Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee (AALCC) 亚非会议 Asian-African Conference亚非拉人民团结组织 Organization of Solidarity of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America (OSPAALA)亚非人民团结组织 Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organization (AAPSO)亚非新闻工作者协会 Afro-Asian Journalists’ Association (AAJA)亚欧合作理事会 Council for Asia-Europe Cooperation (CAEC)亚欧环境技术中心 Asia-Europe Environmental Technology Center亚太安全合作理事会 Council on Security Cooperation in Asia and Pacific Region (CSCAP)亚太经合组织 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)亚太空间技术应用多边合作会议 Asia-Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications (APC-MCSTA conference) 亚太大洋洲邮政联盟 Asian-Oceanic Postal Union (AOPU; UPAO)亚洲化学学会联合会 Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS)亚洲环境问题协会 Asian Environmental Society (AES)亚洲基督教会议 Christian Conference of Asia (CCA)亚洲及太平洋和平与裁军区域中心 Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific亚洲及太平洋理事会 Asian and Pacific Council (ASPAC)亚洲开发银行 Asian Development Bank (ADB)亚洲科学联合会 Federation of Asian Scientific Academies and Societies 亚洲青年理事会 Asian Youth Council (AYC)亚洲生产力组织 Asian Productivity Organization亚洲太平洋广播联盟 Asian-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU)亚洲-太平洋通讯社组织 Organization of Asia-Pacific News Agencies (OANA) 亚洲-太平洋邮政联盟 Asian-Pacific Postal Union亚洲遥感协会 Asian Association on Remote Sensing (AARS)《pinyin Y》伊斯兰会议组织 Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)伊斯兰教事务最高理事会 Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs印度洋特设委员会 Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean英联邦 British Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth)《pinyin Z》中非国家经济共同体 Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC) 中非国家联盟 Union of Central African States (UEAC)中美洲共同市场 Central American Common Market中美洲国家组织 Organization of Central American States。
金融词典
全球储蓄过剩（GSG）HERA 住房及经济复苏法案The Foreign Correspondents’ Club of Japan 日本外国特派员协会Departments of Health and Human Services (HHS)美国卫生及公共服务部Social Security Administration (SSA)美国社会保障局ADBI Asian Development Bank InstituteAIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndromeASEAN Association of South-East Asian NationsASEAN+3 ASEAN + China, Japan and the Republic of KoreaBIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation CIS Commonwealth of Independent StatesCMI Chiang Mai InitiativeDAC Development Assistance Committee of the OECDEAS East Asia SummitESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificFAO Food and Agriculture OrganizationFDI foreign direct investmentFTA free trade agreementGDP gross domestic productHIV human immunodeficiency virusID identityILO International Labour OrganizationIMF International Monetary FundLAC Latin America and the CaribbeanLDCs least developed countriesLLDCs landlocked developing countriesMDB multilateral development bankMDGs Millennium Development GoalsNGO non-governmental organizationODA official development assistanceOECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentPPP purchasing power paritySAARC South Asian Association for Regional CooperationSIDS Small island developing statesSPC Secretariat of the Pacific CommunityTB TuberculosisUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNFPA United Nations Population FundUNICEF United Nations Children’s FundUNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for WomenVAT value added taxWDI World Development IndicatorsWFP World Food ProgrammeWHO World Health OrganizationWTO World Trade Organization美国铝业(AA)美国银行(BAC)全球五大风电企业之一的西班牙歌美飒（Gamesa）世界银行行长佐利克(Robert Zoellick)海峡两岸经济合作框架协议（ＥＣＦＡ）乔治-索罗斯(George Soros)欧洲人权法院(European Court of Human Rights)法国兴业银行(Societe Generale SA)(GLE)东京三菱日联银行(Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd)信用违约掉期(CDS)中海油总公司(CNOOC)渣打银行集团首席经济学家、全球研究部主管李籁思（Gerard Lyons）个人消费者金融保护局(Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection)United States Congress Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs美国参议院银行、住房和城市事务委员会FSMA2000=英国《金融服务及市场法令》Financial Service and Market Act 2000 CFD=Contract For Differece 差价合约FSA=英国金融服务管理局抵押贷款保险公司（mortgage insurer）新世纪金融公司（New Century Financial Corporation）寿险公司（life insurance companies）次级抵押贷款支持证券（RMBS）金融担保保险公司（financial guarantee insurance companies）国际财务报告标准（IFRSs）美国通用会计准则（US GAAP）公允价值（fair value）私募股权投资基金(private equity)经合组织保险和私人养老金委员会（IPPC）爱尔兰联合银行 Allied Irish Banks爱尔兰银行 Bank of Ireland PLC奥地利第一储蓄银行 Austria’s Erste Group Bank德国邮政银行 Deutsche Postbank AGWorld investment prosepects survey wips （联合国贸发会《世界投资前景调查》）IPA investment promotion agency 投资促进机构TNC Transnational company 跨国公司Promising investor-countries 最有投资价值的投资，这里的promising是有希望的、有前途、大有可为的意思Pay-as-you-go 现收现付Mobile capital流动资本Advers scenario 负面假设（场景、情形）Health care 公共卫生服务Medicaid：医疗补助（medic+aid）Medicare：医疗保险（medic+care）Social security contributions 社会保险缴款Social security tax 社会保险税Primary spending 基础支出（扣住利息支付的财政支出）Primary Fiscal Gap 基本财政缺口Public finance 公共财政（要比翻译成公共金融好）PIT personal Income Tax 个人所得税CIT Corporation Income Tax 企业所得税VAT Value Added Tas 增值税Commonwealth 联邦Commonwealth-state Relations 联邦-州关系General government spending 一般政府支出ARRA—American Recovery and Reinvestment Act(2009年美国复苏与再投资法案) 澳洲壳牌能源控股有公司(Shell Energy Holdings Australia)日本国土交通大臣前原诚司韩国文化体育观光部长官柳日本财政大臣野田佳彦(Yoshihiko Noda)纽约梅隆银行(Bank of New York Mellon)congressional budget office 美国国会办公室中国预托凭证(CDR)非银行金融机构（NBFCS）资产重组公司（ARCs）邓白氏（Dun & Bradstreet）咨询公司美国证券交易委员会(SEC)IPO(首次公开募股)摩根士丹利(MS)、摩根大通(JPM)、美国银行(BAC)和花旗集团(C)巴克莱银行(BCS)、瑞士信贷集团(CS)、德意志银行(DB)、高盛集团(GS)、加拿大皇家银行(RY)、和瑞士银行(UBS)纽约证券交易所(NYSE)美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)主席加里·詹斯勒(Gary Gensler)摩根士丹利(MS)、摩根大通(JPM)“多德-弗兰克法案”(Dodd-Frank Act)德国央行行长阿克塞尔-韦伯(Axel Weber)NBER（Naitonal Bureau of Economy Research）美国国家经济研究局全美独立企业联合会(National Federation of Independent Business——NFIB)本·伯南克(Ben S. Bernanke)、副主席威廉·达德利(William C. Dudley)、詹姆斯·布拉德(James Bullard)、伊丽莎白·杜克(Elizabeth A. Duke)、唐纳德·科恩(Donald L. Kohn)、桑德拉·皮亚纳托(Sandra Pianalto)、埃里克·罗森格林(Eric S. Rosengren)、丹尼尔·塔鲁洛(Daniel K. Tarullo)和凯文·瓦尔许(Kevin M. Warsh)；托马斯·霍利格(Thomas M. Hoenig)“格林斯潘对策”（―Greenspan put‖，有时也称之为“伯南克对策”，―Bernanke put‖）世贸组织《政府采购协定》(GPA )地方政府实体(Sub-Central Government Entities)(直译是下级中央政府实体，也有称次中央政府实体)，财政报告 call report房价波动 housing price volatility定价机制 pricing mechanism上市银行 listed bank票据产业 bill industrycash bond market 现券市场日均成交量 average daily turnover融资融券 securities borrowing and lendingAgricultural biomass industry 农村生物质能产业ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nation 东南亚国家联盟，简称“东盟”CDM Clean Development Mechannism 清洁发展机制CHP combined heat and power 热气联产CIAD-Center for integrated Agricultural Development 综合农业发展中心CIDA- Canadian International Development Agency 加拿大国际开发署CSPCB-Crop Straw Pricing Consultation Board 秸秆定价磋商GEF- Global Environment Facility 全球环境基金会GHG- Greenhouse Gas 全球环境基金会GTZ-German Agency for Technical Cooperation 德国技术合作公司Kfw—德国复兴开发银行LPG-Liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LPOG-Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Devepment国务院扶贫开发领导小组SIDA-Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency 瑞士国际开发合作署USAID-United States Agency for International Development 美国国际开发援助署EIRR=economical internal rate of return 经济内部回报率（收益率）FIRR=financial internal rate of return 财务内部回报率（收益率）O&M=operation and maintenance 运行与维护TSP= total suspended particles 总悬浮颗粒TCE= ton of coal equivalent 吨煤当量“现收现支(pay-as-you-go)”原则日本首相菅直人(Naoto Kan)“利差交易”(Carry Trade)西班牙首相何塞·刘易斯·罗德里格斯·萨帕特罗(Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero) 麦格理证券(Macquarie Securities)德国邮政银行(Postbank)葡萄牙商业银行(BCP)法国巴黎银行(BNP Paribas)瑞典北欧斯安银行(SEB)瑞典诺迪亚银行(NORDEA)奥地利厄斯特银行(Erste Bank)法律英语：Regulation 条例、规章Rule 规则Clause 泛指条款Section 节，也译作条Article 条 Articles 条例Provision 多指规定Stipulation 约定（而非法律规定）Part 编Chapter 章Section 节Article 条Paragraph 款Subparagraph 项Item 目中国海洋石油有限公司(CNOOC Ltd., CEO, 简称：中国海洋石油)欧洲央行(ECB)执委会成员汤普古格罗(Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell)太平洋投资管理公司(PIMCO)比尔·格罗斯(Bill Gross)大卫·卢森博格(David Rosenberg)查德·克拉里达(Richard Clarida)所谓“就业不足率”(Under-employment Rate)，是指包括更希望获得全职岗位的兼职人员以及希望工作但却放弃寻找的人员在内的失业率。
中国常用主要机构名称英文翻译
中国常用主要机构名称英文翻译中国常用主要机构名称中共中央委员会Central Committee of Communist Party of China党中央the Chinese Central Party, Central Committee (CCPCC) 中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)全国人大常务委员会Standing Committee of NPC中国人民政治协商会议Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)国务院State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and T echnology公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labor and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁道部Ministry of Railways信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry交通部Ministry of Communications水利部Ministry ofWater Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and EconomicCooperation (Moftec) 文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Health国家发展计划委员会State Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council中央军委Central Military Commission of the PRC最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate海关总署General Administration of Customs中华全国总工会All-China Federation of Trade Unions中华全国妇女联合会All-ChinaWomen’s Federation中国共产主义青年团Communist Y outh League of China中华全国工商联All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中国红十字会Red Cross Society of China中国残疾人福利基金会ChinaWelfare Foundation for the Disabled中国人民对外友好协会Chinese Peop le’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries中华归国华侨联合会China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese中国国际贸易促进委员会China Council for the Promotion of International Trade中国外商投资企业协会The Association of Chinese Enterpriseswith Foreign Investment中国科学技术协会China Association for Science andTechnology中国翻译工作者协会Translators’Association of China海峡两岸关系协会Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (Arat)海峡交流基金会Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF)对外贸易仲裁委员会Foreign TradeArbitration Commission (FTAC)中国国际贸易中心China International Trade Center中国国际信托投资公司China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC) 中国成套设备出口公司China National Complete Plant Export Corporation中国对外贸易运输公司China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation中国工艺品进出口公司China National Arts and Crafts Import and Export Corporation。
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General Shareholders’ Meeting
Board of Directors (5-19)
Supervisory Board (≥3)
Management
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
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Corporate Governance - Shareholders
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
Llinks Law Offices
Major Financial Market Players Regulated by CBRC
Commercial Banks (Guidelines for Corporate Governance of Joint-stock Commercial Banks, Guidelines for Corporate Governance of State-owned Banks)
Corporate Governance of Financial Institutions in China
Charles Qin October 2007
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
Llinks Law Offices
Major Financial Services Regulators
• • • • • • to respect independent operations of the fund management company to put the interests of the fund unit holders in priority no related party relationship between the shareholders limitation on transfer and pledge of shares nomination of management by shareholders shall be limited limitation on access to information
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
Llinks Law Offices
Major Financial Market Players Regulated by CIRC
Insurance Companies (Guidelines for Regulating Corporate Governance of Insurance Companies (Trial)) Insurance Asset Management Companies Reinsurance Companies Insurance Agency Companies Insurance Brokers
Qualifications of shareholders of financial institutions, most of which are subject to approval
Shareholders who may act in concert Ultimate controller of shareholders and connection between shareholders Hold on trust or other arrangement not allowed Special qualifications and obligations for controlling shareholders or major shareholders
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
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Corporate Governance - Shareholders
Special obligations of shareholders for a commercial bank
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
Llinks Law Offices
Corporate Governance – Shareholders’ Meeting
Shareholders’ Meeting is the organ of authority and composed by all the shareholders (the powers of shareholders’ meeting) Who shall be entitled to propose a shareholders’ meeting The board shall be responsible to convene a shareholders’ meeting The chairman shall chair the meeting
(3-13)
or
Supervisory Board (≥3) or 1-2 Supervisors
Management (GM, CFO and etc.)
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
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Corporate Structure - Joint-stock Limited Company
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
Llinks Law Offices
Corporate Governance - Shareholders
Special obligations of shareholders for a fund management company
People’s Bank of China (PBOC) - Monetary Policy
State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) - Foreign Exchange Control China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC)
பைடு நூலகம்Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
Llinks Law Offices
Corporate Governance – Board of Directors
Board members shall be elected by and responsible to the shareholders’ meeting Qualifications of directors Conflict of interest of directors and con-current position of directors Foreign individuals as directors Whether it is allowed to replace a director prior to the expiration of its term without any proper reason Remuneration of directors
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
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Corporate Governance – Board of Directors
Notice of a board meeting Whether the directors may waive the notice period The validity of a written resolution Casting vote in case of a deadlock DNO insurance
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
Llinks Law Offices
Corporate Governance – Board of Directors
Board of a commercial bank
• • • • qualifications and appointment of directors shall be subject to CBRC approval disqualified in case of any failure of timely repayment of any loans with the bank management directors no less than 1/4 and no more than 1/3 secretary of the board
Trust Companies (Guidelines for Corporate Governance of Trust Companies)
Financial Leasing Companies Auto Finance Companies Money Brokerage Companies Finance Companies
Canada-China Lawyers' Foundation
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Corporate Structure - Limited Liability Company
Shareholders’ Meeting