APhO_2016_E2_Marking_Scheme
2021年DETAILED_MARKING_ASSESSMENT_SCHEME_2010(整理)
Marking and Assessment Definitions, Descriptors and Evaluators – Extracts and Compilations from Bloom’s Taxonomy on LearningMaster’s & Under-GraduateProgrammesDr. Marc CashinGeneric Assessment Criteria/Grade Descriptors:The tables below are designed to provide information on the criteria used by tutors to assess a student’s work and decide on an appropriate grade. It is important that for the student to be made aware of and understand these criteria in order that he/she is able to submit work that allows them to demonstrate their abilities in the following areas:•Knowledge & Understanding- one of the main purposes of submitting work for assessment is to demonstrate your level of knowledge and understanding of the subjectarea you are studying. Lectures and seminars provide you with a framework forlearning about a subject, but they are not enough on their own. In order to build yourknowledge about a subject you will need to engage with independent reading andresearch on a regular basis throughout this module (and the rest of your course). Youmay benefit from talking, your, ideas through with someone else (i.e. a tutor or yourfellow students) as this can help you clarify your understanding of certain issues andhelps you better remember the material you are reading." This leads to what is knownas a 'deep' approach to learning and this can make the learning experience much morerewarding.''•Evidence and Analysis- it is important in academic work that you are able to demonstrate an ability to go beyond the regurgitation of 'facts' and opinions as set outin the literature and/or your lecture handouts. Analysis requires that you effectivelyengage with the material you are reading and are able to identify key themes or debatesrelevant to the topic your are investigating. Most of the assessment tasks you are setwill require you to discuss a particular question and reach some conclusions based on aset of well-justified and coherent "arguments. You can only do this if you have a goodunderstanding of the subject material and are able to present clear evidence from yourreading to support your discussion. Analysis is mainly about interpretation of theliterature and the ideas it contains in your own words.•Reading and Research - being at University requires that you 'develop your research and reading skills. If you are to understand the subjects you arestudying it will be necessary to carry out a lot of independent research and reading.You are given some directed reading in this module guide, but if you want to obtain agood grade you will need to practice searching for relevant material using appropriatefacilities.•Presentation - the presentation of your work is very important as tutors can only mark work they can understand (i.e. your work needs to be coherent and logicallystructured). Good use of English, accurate referencing (Harvard System) and acomplete bibliography are essential. Academic writing is a skill that can be learnedand you should make effective use of scheduled tutorials time with your tutor toimprove your approach to both essay writing and presentations. The following assessment criteria show the level of achievement that is required to be achieved within specific grade bands in work submitted for assessment:。
2016英语a级考试真题及答案
2016英语a级考试真题及答案2016 English A Level Exam Questions and AnswersThe 2016 English A Level Exam was a challenging test that required students to demonstrate their proficiency in the English language. The exam consisted of multiple choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions that covered a range of topics including reading comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, and writing skills.Below are the questions and answers for the 2016 English A Level Exam:Reading Comprehension Section:1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of physical exerciseB. The benefits of meditationC. The negative effects of stressD. The significance of a healthy dietAnswer: B. The benefits of meditation2. What does the word "pinnacle" mean in the context of the passage?A. PeakB. ValleyC. PlateauD. AbyssAnswer: A. PeakGrammar Section:3. Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence:She _______ to the store every day.A. GoB. GoesC. Is goingD. WentAnswer: B. Goes4. Which sentence uses correct punctuation?A. I went to the park yesterday, it was fun.B. He is a doctor, who specializes in heart surgery.C. She likes to read books, I prefer watching movies.D. The concert was amazing, everyone had a great time.Answer: D. The concert was amazing, everyone had a great time.Vocabulary Section:5. What is the synonym for the word "enormous"?A. TinyB. LargeC. SmallD. AverageAnswer: B. Large6. What is the antonym for the word "brave"?A. FearfulB. CowardlyC. CourageousD. DaringAnswer: B. CowardlyEssay Section:7. In 200-300 words, discuss the impact of social media on society.Answer: Social media has had a profound impact on society in recent years. With the rise of platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, people are more connected than ever before. This has both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, social media has made it easier to stay in touch with friends and family, share information, and mobilize for social causes. However, it has also led to issues such as cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and the spread of fake news. Overall, it is important for people to use social media responsibly and be aware of its potential consequences.Overall, the 2016 English A Level Exam was a comprehensive test that challenged students to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in the English language. By preparing thoroughly and practicing with sample questions, students can improve their performance on the exam and achieve their academic goals.。
2016年大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)A类(研究生)决赛真题试卷(精选)
2016年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）A类（研究生）决赛真题试卷（精选）(总分：170.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary and Structure(总题数：16，分数：32.00)1.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.I've never been there but it is, ______, a lovely place.（分数：2.00）A.of no accountB.by all accounts √C.on no accountD.on this account解析：解析：句意：我从没去过那里，但是据大家所说，那是一个不错的地方。
by all accounts大家都说，据大家所说。
符合句意，因此选B项。
of no account无足轻重，不重要。
onno account决不。
on this account因此。
3.The television networks believe that the period between 6 p. m. and 11 p. m. isthe______television viewing time.（分数：2.00）A.prime √B.primitiveC.primaryD.principal解析：解析：句意：国家电视网络认为晚上6点到11点是观看电视的黄金时间。
prime主要的；最好的；基本的。
prime time为固定搭配，意为“黄金时间”，符合句意，因此选A项。
primitive原始的。
primary 主要的；初级的。
principal主要的；校长。
4.You had better______me about the reason for your dismissal.（分数：2.00）A.level offB.level atC.level with √D.level up解析：解析：句意：你最好告诉我你被解雇的真正原因。
2016同等学力英语真题及答案
2016 年同等学力英语真题Paper onePart I Oral Communication (15minutes, 10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneClerk: May I help you? A Will you take care of that for me?B.Does it have anything valuable inside?C.How do you want to send it?Customer: Yes. I’d like to send this letter to my family in England.Clerk: Did you write your return address on the envelope?Customer: Yes, I did.Clerk: 1Customer: I guess I’ll send it airmail.Clerk: 2Customer: Yes. I enclosed a check and some photographs.Clerk: Then you’d better send it by registered mail.Customer: That’s a good idea. 3Clerk: I’m sorry, sir. You’ll have to take your letter to the next window.Dialogue TwoA You can’t even stay in the sun for five minutes.B.I guess so.C.You want my advice?Winnie: Oh, man! Nobody can stand this kind of scorching heat.Marc: Absolutely! 4Winnie: Anyway, I guess this afternoon there’s nothing we can do but stay home.Marc: 5 I don’t want to be taken to the hospital for heat exhaustion or something· Winnie: 6 Drink a lot of liquids and spare yourself the worst of the heat! Marc: Yeah, you’re right. Got to drink a lot of fluids.Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A I literally c an’t stopB.But now I don’t need to worry any more.C.You’re known as the first billion author here.D.But that’s not just about money.Interviewer: You have published six popular books. 7Interviewee: Yeah.Interviewer: So how has being the first billion author affected your perception of yourself?Interviewee: I dress better. Well, you can definitely afford better clothes. 8 I think the single biggest thing that money gave me-and obviously I came from a place where I was a single mother and it really was hand to mouth at one point. It was literally as poor as you can get without being homeless at one point. 9 Never.Interviewer: Are you in a place now where you can accept that you will always be rich?Interviewee: No.Interviewer: And will you be writing more?Interviewee: Oh, definitely. I can’t, yeah, 10 Well, I mean, you could tie my hands to my sides, I suppose, but I have to write. For my own mental health I need to write.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11.Such experience helps promote one’s alertness to other cultures, as well as a better appreciation of one’s own culture.A. preferenceB. adjustmentC. sensitivityD. response12.If you always try to find fault with others, it means that you have gained another shortcoming.A. ignoreB. criticizeC. impress D follow13.The election will be brought forward to June as so many people are on holiday in July.A. prolongedB. adapted C postponed D. advanced14.As to the question of refreshments, I should think orange juice and potato chips will be sufficient．A. enoughB. abundantC. satisfyingD. proper15.Watching these kids grow brings me satisfaction that is difficult to surpass.A. obtainB. exceedC. describeD. forget16.The journal published a series of articles that reviewed the prospects for a new era of “genetic medicine”.A. backgroundB. explorationC. surveyD. outlook17.If you don’t slow down and take a break, you’ll be burned out very quickly.A.distressedB. AnxiousC. exhaustedD. upset18.Following our merging with Smith Brothers, the new company will, from now on, be known as Smith and Murphy Inc.A. cooperationB. meeting C agreement D. combination19.Only native-born citizens are eligible for the U.S PresidencyA. requiredB. qualifiedC. selectedD. elected20.It was 38 degrees and the air conditioning barely cooled the room.A. simplyB. quicklyC. hardlyD. stronglyPart III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhat did you study at university? If it was something along the lines of law or business, you might want to look away now. That’s because according to new research, which has found a link between our university subjects and our personalities, you have selfish, uncooperative tendencies and are not very in touch with your feelings. On the plus side, you’re probably the life and soul of a party, the findings suggest.Researchers analyzed data from more than 13,000 university students who were involved in 12 separate studies. From this, they discovered a correlation between the “Big Five” major personality traits and the subjects they were enrolled on.For example, those studying law, economics, political science and medicine tended to be much more outgoing than those taking other subjects, the study found. But when it came to “agreeable”-the tendency towards being helpful, generous and considerate-the lawyers scored particularly low, as did business and economics students.Arts and humanities students, as well as those studying psycho and politics scored highly for openness, meaning they were curious, imaginative and in touch with their inner feelings, while economists, engineers, lawyers and scientists scored comparatively low. However, the arts and humanities students also tended to be less conscientious and more nervous, typically exhibiting signs of anxiety and moodiness. Psychology students were not far behind arts and humanities students for these traits.Study author Anna Vedel, from the University of Aarhus in Denmark, said she was surprised by the results. “The effect sizes show that the differences found are not trivial, far from,” she said. “On the more humorous sidethey do confirm our more or less prejudicial stereotypes of the disturbed psychologist, the withdrawn natural scientist, the cynical economist.”And she said that the findings could help those school pupils who currently have no idea what to study at university, as well as helping academics to plan their lectures. “I’m not arguing that these results should play a major role in either guidance or selection, but it might provide some inspiration for students that are in doubt about study choices and want to make a choice based on more than abilities, for example,” said Dr Vedel. “Or teachers might better understand their student population.”21.The first paragraph implies that law or business students mayA. be amused by the researchB. be interested in the researchC. dislike the research D enjoy the research22.According to the research, law students scored particularly low in the trait ofA. generosityB. opennessC. anxietyD. selfishness23.The word “conscientious” (Para.4) probably means “”A. moodyB. sensitiveC. curiousD. careful24 .Anna Vedel stated that the researchA.confirmed the link between personality and professionB.showed that the differences were far from significantC.was not reliable because of its prejudicial observationD.did not have enough samples to support its findings25.According to Anna Vedel, the research may help _A.students make wise choices in finding jobsB.teachers understand their students betterC.students make presentations more academicallyD.school pupils go to better universitiesPassage TwoAlphaGo’s victory over Go（围棋）champion Lee Se-dol reportedly shocked artificial intelligence experts, who thought such an event was 10 to 15 years away. But if the timing was a surprise, the outcome was not. On the contrary, it was inevitable and entirely foreseeable.Playing complex games is precisely what computers do supremely well. Just as they beat the world champions at checkers（跳棋）and then chess, they were destined to beat the champion at Go. Yet I don’t believe, as some do, that human defeats like this one presage an era of mass unemployment in which awesomely able computers leave most of us with nothing to do. Advancing technology will profoundly change the nature of high-value human skills and that is threatening, but we aren’t doomed.The skills of deep human interaction, the abilities to manage the exchanges that occur only between people,will only become more valuable. Three of these skills stand out. The first, the foundation of the rest, is empathy, which is more than just feeling someone else’s pain. It’s the ability to perceive what another person is thinking or feeling, and to respond in an appropriate way.The second is creative problem-solving in groups. Research on group effectiveness shows that the key isn’t team cohesion or motivation or even the smartest member’s IQ; rather, it’s the social sensitivity of the members, their ability to read one another and keep anyone from dominating.The third critical ability, somewhat surprisingly, is storytelling, which has not traditionally been valued by organizations. Charts, graphs and data analysis will continue to be important, but that’s exactly what technology does so well. To change people’s minds or inspire them to act, tell them a story.These skills, though basic to our humanity, are fundamentally different from the skills that have been the basis of economic progress for most of human history, such as logic, knowledge and analysis, which we learned from textbooks and in classrooms. By contrast, the skills of deep human interaction address the often irrational reality of how human beings behave, and we find them not in textbooks but inside ourselves. As computers master ever more complexity, that’s where we’ll find the source of our continued value.26.According to the author, AlphaGo’s victoryA. could have happened earlierB. came as a pleasant surpriseC. was an expected resultD. was more a matter of luck27.The word “presage” (Para.2) is closest in meaning to “”A. surviveB. sufferC. inventD. predict28.What is the author’s attitude towards the human future in face of technology?A. Unclear:B. Confused.C. Worried.D. Optimistic.29.Which of the following is the most fundamental to human interaction?A.Social sensitivity of group members to understand each other.B.Strong ability to share people’s feelings and respond.C.Team spirit to make sure that everyone is involved.D.Inspirational storytelling to motivate people to act.30.According to the author, the skills of deep human interactionA.are the source of true human values in the futureB.can work with knowledge to make the world betterC.are similar to the skills of human logic and analysisD.can be learned from textbooks and in classroomsPassage ThreeLast year, I went WWOOFing (Willing Workers on Organic Farms) at a beautiful organic farm in La Reunion. With WWOOFing, volunteers exchange their time and work for food and accommodation. I slept in a cabin in thewoods with hedgehogs（刺猬）digging about in the bushes, all different coloured birds singing in the morning and endless rows of palm trees offering shade from the sun,For me, one of the best ways to get to know a new place is to work with the land, live with the locals and share meals together. This is why I absolutely love WWOOFing. It has got to be one of the best ways to travel. It is a mutually beneficial exchange where everyone involved prioritises people and environment above profit. You get the time and space to deepen a connection with local communities and nature.There is a lot to learn and each farm has its own unique way of doing things, depending on the environment, climate and soil. At the farm in La Reunion we planted palm trees to harvest the core of the trunk which can be eaten in salads. Before staying with the farm I had only eaten heart of palm from cans which were nothing in comparison to the real thing, fresh from the ground. When potting up the very beginnings of the palm trees, I felt grateful to be a part of the start of the trees’ cycle. I was filled with awe that something so small could grow into something so big and strong.We also did lots of weeding, which helped me to get to know all kinds of different plants, to be able to identify which ones we could use as herbs/medicine/in salads and. Which were seen as uneatable. I also got to harvest pineapples and guava fruit（番石榴）to make jams which will be sold at the local market.Of course, not everyone is able to travel far away into the field. The great thing about the skill-sharephilosophy behind WWOOFing is that it’s something we can all do from our own backyard. The focus shifts from money to how we can best support each other in our communities. A fair exchange can make a big difference in the world.31.WWOOFing enables volunteers toA. get food and shelter for their workB. travel around La Reunion for freeC. tell the differences between various birdsD. have close contact with wild animals32.The author found his farm life in La Reunion quite ----A. awfulB. rewardingC. comfortableD. difficult33.The author did all of the following on the organic farm EXCEPTA. removing. WeedsB. planting palm treesC. harvesting fruitsD. collecting vegetables34.The philosophy of WWOOFing is toA. improve local environmentB. make locals live betterC. unite different communitiesD. Advocate a fair exchange35.This passage is mainly aboutA. the development of WWOOFingB. a local WWOOFing communityC. a charming WWOOFing experienceD. the system of WWOOFingPassage FourExperts say distracted walking is a growing problem, as people of all ages become more dependent on electronic devices for personal and professional matters. They also note pedestrian deaths have been rising in recent years. In 2005, 11% of all US deaths involved pedestrians, but that number rose t0 15% in 2014.The rise in deaths coincides with states introducing bills that target pedestrians. Some states, such as Hawaii, Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York, continue to introduce legislation every year.The measure recently introduced by New Jersey assembly woman Pamela Lampitt would ban walking while texting and prohibit pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are hands-free. Violators would face fines of up to $50, 15-day imprisonment or both, which is the same penalty as jaywalking（乱穿马路）。
2016考研英语二真题及答案
2016考研英语二真题及详细解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s) for each numbered blank and mark ［A], ［B], ［C] or ［D］on ANSWER SHEET 1。
(10 points)Happy people work differently。
They’re more productive, more cre ative，and willing to take greater risks。
And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too。
Companies located in places with happier people invest more，according to a recent research paper。
__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development）. That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk—taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested。
So they compared U。
S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough，firms’ investment and R＆D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__。
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Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED
May/June 2018
Question
Answer
Marks
Partial Marks
Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:
Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.
Generic Marking Principles
These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.
专业英语四级真题2016年_真题-无答案
专业英语四级真题2016年(总分100,考试时间90分钟)PART Ⅰ DICTATION1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more.【点此下载音频文件】PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONL Y. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. What Is Grit?My questions●Why isn"t I. Q. the only difference between students?●What is the key to 1 ?My Research●investigation of all kinds of 2 , including:—West Point Military Academy— 3—**paniesMy finding: grit as predictor of success●Grit is 4 for very long-term goals.●Grit is working hard for years to make 5 .●Grit is living your life like a 6 .My survey●high school juniors took grit questionnaires● 7 kids were more likely to graduateGrit-building●little is known about how to build grit in students●data show grit is unrelated to 8●growth mindset is the bel ief that the ability to learn is 9●kids with grit believe failure is 10ConclusionWe need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.【点此下载音频文件】1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONL Y. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Conversation One【点此下载音频文件】1.A. To tell the man that he has been shortlisted for interview.B. To ask the man a few questions about his interview.C. To explain to the man how to make a presentation.D. To tell the man the procedure of the interview.2.A. Questions related to the job.B. General questions about himself.C. Specific questions about his CV.D. Questions about his future plan.3.A. Questions from the interviewers.B. Questions from the interviewee.C. Presentation from the interviewee.D. Requests from the interviewee.4.A. Educational and professional background.B. Problems he has faced and solved.C. Major successes in his career so far.D. Company future and his contribution.5.A. 11 a. m., next Tuesday.B. 11 a. m., next Thursday.C. 9 a. m., this Tuesday.D. 9 a. m., this Thursday.Conversation Two【点此下载音频文件】1.A. The disadvantages of college loans.B. Government financing in college education.C. How to handle the problem of college loans.D. How college students pay for their education.2.A. It has increased by 6 to 8%.B. It has increased by 8 to 10%.C. It has decreased by 6 to 8%.D. It has decreased by 8 to 10%.3.A. Student"s family income.B. First year salary after graduation.C. A fixed amount of 30,000 dollars.D. Payment in the next ten years.4.A. Students can borrow money first.B. Students pay no tax on savings.C. Students pay less tax after graduation.D. Students withdraw without paying tax.5.A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.B. Neglecting their study at college.C. Giving up further education.D. Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that **pletes the sentence.1. How can I concentrate if you ______ continually ______ me with silly questions?A. have...interruptedB. are...interruptedC. had...interruptingD. were...interrupting2. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ______ expresses the highest degree of possibility.A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.3. She is a better speaker than ______ in the class.A. any boyB. the other boysC. other any girlD. all the girls4. Nobody heard him sing, ______.A. did oneB. did heC. didn"t theyD. did they5. I can"t put up with ______.A. that friend of youB. that friend of yoursC. the friend of youD. the friend of yours6. There has been an increasing number of ______ in primary schools in the past few years.A. man teacherB. men teacherC. man teachersD. men teachers7. This is one of the issues that deserve ______.A. being mentionedB. mentioningC. to mentionD. for mention8. The audience ______ excited on seeing ______ favorite star glide onto the stage.A. were...theirB. were...itsC. was...theirD. was...one"s9. ______ your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A. Hadn"t it been forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for10. The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money expresses the speaker"s ______.A. hopeB. joyC. regretD. relief11. The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown"s body, seeking to ______ the family **munity there would be a thorough investigation into his death.A. ensureB. insureC. assureD. ascertain12. The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man and its handling of the ______.A. consequenceB. outcomeC. resultD. aftermath13. The Foreign Secretary tried to ______ doubts about his handling of the crisis.A. dispelB. expelC. repelD. quell14. Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don"t want to take the time to study stocks in detail or who ______ the resources to build a portfolio.A. depriveB. lackC. yearnD. attain15. Chris ran ______ John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck ______ an easy rapport.A. into...upB. on...intoC. across...onD. against...into16. "I am leaving the country soon," he told a ______ convened group of reporters.A. especiallyB. particularlyC. speciallyD. specifically17. Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the ______ ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.A. contemporaryB. makeshiftC. spontaneousD. temporary18. ______ to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.A. DueB. PriorC. RelatedD. Thanks19. If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during ______ upper-body movement.A. valiantB. variableC. vigilantD. vigorous20. Finning is a cruel ______ in which the shark"s fins are lopped off, and the live shark is thrown back to sea.A. realityB. truthC. practiceD. skillPART Ⅳ CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would **plete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. ampleB. combinationsC. directlyD. disseminatedE. generationsF. genuinelyG. insteadH. listsI. promulgatedJ. publicizedK. scant L. shaped M. sophisticated N. transplanted O. virtualImagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typewriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such 1 of objects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, 2 by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and 3 their laws in writing. Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to **plex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through 4 , and spread to others, in writing. Scientific and technological progress was achieved and 5 through writing. Accounts in trade **merce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear 6 resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a 7 necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other societies by **plexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not 8 involved in food procurement or production. A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade and its public works, requires a 9 system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but 10 invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known asquipu.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONEWhen I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker"s clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic. I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.About ten o"clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear—minus one bite—into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn"t been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn"t get the pear.I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: "Step in here, please."I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it. Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B said he wouldn"t. Brother A said he couldn"t offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A look him up. Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of hisclerks wrote out a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.I finally became the pick of them.PASSAGE TWOThe concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons—that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let"s look at a few of them.The doveThe dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art, the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ"s head.But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modem symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949.The rainbowThe rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain. MistletoeThis plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which **es from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya"s son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway protected you from evil spirits. Tribes would stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church—it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition.The olive branchThe olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism **e from the fact that theolive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modem flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol.The ankhThe ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the "afterworld". The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.PASSAGE THREETwo sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into good citizenship.The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.The welfare example is well known. We don"t want poor people to live in squalor or their children to be malnourished. But we also don"t want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about "workforce".We"ve been thinking about it for two reasons: the "nanny" problems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn"t find Americans to do the work) and President Clinton"s proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.Maybe something useful **e of Clinton"s idea, but I"m not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.Not only can we never find the "perfect" punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment—even the disgrace of being charged with a crime—is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as "I beat it." So how can you use the system--welfare or criminal justice—to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can"t.We keep trying to use welfare and prison tochangepeople—to make them think and behave the way we do—when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today"s action with an eye on the future.We will take lowly work (if that is all that"s available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe weare in control of our lives.And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prisons and the mean streets of our cities are full of people who have given up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.I"m not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people toward self-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.All I"m saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plagues **munities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing we"ll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.1. In Para. 1, the phrase "set my feet" probably means ______.(PASSAGE ONE)A. put me asideB. prepare meC. let me walkD. start my journey2. It can be concluded from Para. 2 that ______.(PASSAGE ONE)A. the man wanted to maintain dignity though starvedB. the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pearC. the man did not really want the pear since it was dirtyD. it was very difficult for the man to get the pear3. Compared with Brother A, Brother B was more ______ towards the effect of the one-million- pound bank-note on a total stranger.(PASSAGE ONE)A. neutralB. negativeC. reservedD. positive4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(PASSAGE TWO)A. Concept of Peace.B. Popular Peace Symbols.C. Origin of Peace Symbols.D. Cultural Difference of Peace.5. The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all the following countries EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. SwedenB. GreeceC. FinlandD. China6. In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. friendshipB. loveC. kinshipD. honour7. The origin of the ankh can date back to ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. the NileB. the "afterworld"C. the hippie movementD. ancient Egypt8. What is the author"s attitude towards Clinton"s proposal to welfare?(PASSAGE THREE)A. Pessimistic.B. Optimistic.C. Suspicious.D. Sarcastic.9. It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are ______ to the underclass.(PASSAGE THREE)A. hopelessB. uselessC. frighteningD. humiliating10. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?(PASSAGE THREE)A. Lawlessness and Poverty.B. Criminal Justice System.C. Welfare Grants.D. Disease of Despair.11. SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short-answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. In Para. 4, what does the man mean by saying "I had to bear my trouble"?(PASSAGE ONE)12. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?(PASSAGE ONE)13. Why does the UN use the olive branch in its symbol?(PASSAGE TWO)14. According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?(PASSAGE THREE)15. What does the author mean by saying "Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives" (Para. 10)?(PASSAGE THREE)PART Ⅵ WRITING1. Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:●summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then●comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money. You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Term-time holidays will be bannedParents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK"s Education Secretary, from taking theirchildren out of school to save money on holidays.He is to abolish the fight of head teachers to "authorise absence" from the classroom, whichhas been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for theirchildren not being at school."Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child"s education," a senior source atthe Department for Education said this weekend. "That is why the government will end thedistinction between authorised and unauthorised absence.""This is part of the government"s **mitment to bring down truancy levels in ourschools. There will also be stricter penalties for parents and schools."The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr Gove to makeeducation more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educational establishment which he believes hasaccepted "excuses for failure".Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said themeasure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction termtimeholidays. "The high cost of holidays outside of term time is still an issue but ultimately a child"seducation is more important than a holiday," he said.。
(真题上传版)2016年同等学力申请硕士学位英语试卷
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Part I Oral Communication (10 points)Section ADirections：In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fillin each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogueand mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneA. Will you take care of that for me?B. Does it have anything valuable inside?C. How do you want to send it?Clerk: May I help you?Customer:Yes. I’d like to send this letter to my family in England.Clerk:Did you write your return address on the envelope?Customer:Yes. I didClerk: ____1____Customer:I guess I’ll send it airmail.Clerk: ____2____.Customer: Yes, I enclosed a check and some photograph.Clerk:Then you’d better send it by registered mail.Customer : That’s a good idea. ____3____ .C lerk: I’m sorry, sir. You’ll have to take your letter to the next window.Dialogue TwoA. You can’t even stay in the sun for five minutes.B. I guess so.C. You want my advice?Winnie:Oh, man! Nobody can stand this kind of scorching heat.Marc:Absolutely! ____4____.Winnie:Anyway. I guess this afternoon there’s nothing we can do but stay home. Marc:____5____I don’t want to be taken to the hospital for heat exhaustion or something.Winnie:____6____Drink a lot of liquids and spare yourself the worst of the heat!Marc:Yeah, you’re right. Got to drink a lot of fluids.Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each ofthe blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and markyour answer on the Answer Sheet.A. I literally can’t stop.B. But now I don’t need to worry any more.C. You’re known as the first billionaire author here.D. But that’s not just about money.Interviewer:You have published six popular books.____7____Interviewee: Yeah.Interviewer:So how has being the first billionaire author affected your perception of yourself?Interviewee:I dress better. Well, you can definitely afford better clothes. ____8_____ I think the single biggest thing that money gave me-and obviously I came from a place where I was a single mother and it really was hand to mouth at one point. It was literally as poor as you can get without being homeless at one point ____9_____ Never.Interviewer:.Are you in a place now where you accept that you will always rich? Interviewee:No.Interviewer: And will you be writing more?Interviewee:Oh, definitely. I can’t yeah. ___10____ Well, I mean, you could tie my hands to my sides, I suppose, but I have to write. For my own mental health, I need to write.Part II Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and Dthat best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on theAnswer Sheet.11. Such experience helps promote one’s alertness to other cultures as well as a betterappreciation of one’s own culture.A. preferenceB. adjustmentC. sensitivityD. response12. If you always try to find fault with others, it means that you have gained anothershortcoming.A. ignoreB. criticizeC. impressD. follow13. The election will be brought forward to June as so many people are on holiday inJuly.A. prolongedB. adaptedC. postponedD. advanced14. As to the question of refreshment, I should think orange juice and potato chipswill sufficient.A. enoughB. abundantC. satisfyingD. proper15. Watching these kids grow brings me satisfaction that is difficult to surpass.A. obtainB. exceedC. describeD. forget16. The journal published a series of articles that reviewed the prospects for a new eraof “genetic medicine”.A. backgroundB. explorationC. surveyD. outlook17. If you don’t slow down and take a break, you’ll be burned out very quickly.A. distressedB. anxiousC. exhaustedD. upset18. Following our merging with Smith brothers, the new company will, from now on,be known as Smith and Murphy Inc.A. cooperationB. meetingC. agreementD. combination19. Only native-born citizens are eligible for the U.S. presidency.A. requiredB. qualifiedC. selectedD. elected20. It was 38 degrees and the air conditioning barely cooled the room.A. simplyB. quicklyC. hardlyD. stronglyPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhat did you study at university? If it was something along the lines of law or business, you might want to look away now. That’s because according to new research, which has found a link between our university subjects and our personalities, you have selfish, uncooperative tendencies and are not very in touch with your feelings. On the plus side, you’re probably the life and soul of a party, the findings suggest.Researchers analyzed data from more than 13,000 university students who were involved in 12 separate studies. From this, they discovered a correlation between the “Big Five” major personality traits and the subjects they were enrolled on.For example, those studying law, economics, political science and medicine tended to be much more outgoing than those taking other subjects, the study found. But when it came to “agreeableness”—the tendency towards being helpful, generous and considerate—the lawyers scored particularly low, as did business and economics students.Arts and humanities students, as well as those studying psychology and politics scored highly for openness, meaning they were curious, imaginative and in touch with their inner feelings, while economists, engineers, lawyers and scientists scored comparatively low. However, the arts and humanities students also tended to be less conscientious and more nervous, typically exhibiting signs of anxiety and moodiness. Psychology students were not far behind arts and humanities students for these traits.Study author Anna Vedel, from the university of Aarhus in Denmark, said she was surprised by the magnitude of the results. “The effect sizes show that the differences found are not trivial, far from,” she said. “On the more humorous side they do confirm our more or less prejudicial stereotypes of the disturbed psychologist, the withdrawn natural scientist, the cynical economist.And she said that the findings could help those school pupils who currently have no idea what to study at university, as well as helping academics to plan their lectures. “I’m not arguing that these results should play a major role in either guidance or selection, but it might provide some inspiration for students that are in doubt study choices and want to make a choice based on more than abilities, for example.” said Dr. Vedel. “Or teachers might better understand their student population.”21. The first paragraph implies that law or business students may _____.A. be amused by the researchB. be interested by the researchC. dislike the researchD. enjoy the research22. According to the research, law students scored particularly low in the trait of___.A. generosityB. opennessC. anxietyD. selfishness23. The word “conscientious” (Para. 4) probably means“_____”.A. moodyB.sensitiveC. curiousD. careful24. Anna Vedel stated that the research _____.A. confirmed the link between personality and professionB. showed that the differences were far from significantC. was not reliable because of its prejudicial observationD. did not have enough samples to support its observation25. According to Anna Vedel, the research may help _____.A. students make wise choice in finding jobsB. teachers understand their students betterC. students make presentation more academicallyD. school pupils go to better universitiesPassage TwoAlphaGo’s victory over Go (围棋) champion Lee Se-dol reportedly shocked artificial intelligence experts, who thought such an event was 10 to 15 years away. But if the timing was a surprise, the outcome was not. On the contrary, it was inevitable and entirely foreseeable.Playing complex games is precisely what computers do supremely well. Just as they beat the world champions at checkers (跳棋) and then chess, they were destined to beat the champion at Go. Yet I don’t believe, as some do, that human defeats like this one presage an era of mass unemployment in which awesomely able computers leave most of us with nothing to do. Advancing technology will profoundly change the nature of high-value human skills and that is threatening, but we aren’t doomed.The skills of deep human interaction, the abilities to manage the exchanges that occur only between people, will only become more valuable. Three of these skills stand out. The first, the foundation of the rest, is empathy, which is more than just feeling someone else’s pain. It’s the ability to perceive what another person is thinking or feeling, and to respond in an appropriate way.The second is creative problem-solving in groups. Research on group effectiveness shows that the key isn’t team cohesion or motivation or even the smartest member’s IQ; rather, it’s the social sensitivity of the members, their ability to read one another and keep anyone from dominating.The third critical ability, somewhat surprisingly, is storytelling, which has not traditionally been valued by organizations. Charts, graphs and data analysis willcontinue to be important, but that’s exactly what technology does so well. To change people’s minds or inspire them to act, tell them a story.These skills, though basic to our humanity, are fundamentally different from the skills that have been the basis of economic progress for most of human history, such as logic, knowledge and analysis, which we learned from textbooks and in classrooms. By contrast, the skills of deep human interaction address the often irrational reality of how human beings behave, and we find them not in textbooks but inside ourselves. As computers master ever more complexity, that’s where we’ll find the source of our continued value.26. According to the author, AlphaGo’svitory _____.A. could have happened earlierB. came as a pleasant surpriseC. was an expected resultD. was more a matter of luck27. The word “presage” (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to “_____ ”A. surviveB. sufferC. inventD. predict28. What is the author’s attitude towards the human future in face of technology?A. UnclearB. ConfusedC. WorriedD. Optimistic29. Which of the following is the most fundamental to human interaction?A. Social sensitivity of group members to understand each other.B. Strong ability to share people’s feelings and respond.C. Team spirit to make sure that everyone is involved.D. Inspirational storytelling to motivate people to act.30. According to the author, the skills of deep human interaction _____.A. are the source of true human values in the futureB. can work with knowledge to make the world betterC. are similar to the skills of human logic and analysisD. can be learned from textbooks and in classroomsPassage ThreeLast year, I went WWOOFing (Willing Workers on Organic Farms) at a beautiful organic farm in La Reunion. With WWOOFing, volunteers exchange their time and work for food and accommodation. I slept in a cabin in the woods with hedgehogs (刺猬)digging about in the bushes, all different coloured birds singing in the morning and endless row of palm trees offering shade from the sun.For me, one of the best ways to get to know a new place is to work with the land, live with the locals and share meals together. This is why I absolutely love WWOOFing. It has got to be one of the best ways to travel. It is a mutually beneficial exchange where everyone involved prioritises people and environment above profit. You get the time and space to deepen a connection with local communities and nature.There is a lot to learn and each farm has its own unique way of doing things, depending on the environment, climate and soil. At the farm in La Reunion we planted palm trees to harvest the core of the trunk which can be eaten in salads. Before staying with the farm I had only eaten heart of palm from cans which were nothing in comparison to the real thing, fresh from the ground. When plotting up the very beginnings of the palm trees, I felt grateful to be a part of the start of the tree’s cycle. I was filled with awe that something so small could grow into something so big and strong.We also did lots of weeding, which helped me to get to know all kinds of different plants, to be able to identify which ones we could use as herbs medicine in salads and which were seen as uneatable. I also got to harvest pineapples and guava fruit (番石榴)to make jams which will be sold at the local market.Of course, not everyone is able to travel far away into the field. The great thing about the skill-share philosophy behind WWOOFing is that it’s something we can all do from our own backyard. The focus shifts from money to how we can best support each other in our communities.A fair exchange can make a big difference in the world.31. WWOOFing enables volunteers to _____.A. get food and shelter for their workB. travel around La Reunion for freeC. tell the differences between various birdsD. have close contact with wild animals32. The author found his farm life in La Reunion quite ______.A. awfulB. rewardingC. comfortableD. difficult33. The author did all of the following on the organic farm EXCEPT ______.A. removingweedsB. planting palm treesC. harvesting fruitsD. collecting vegetables34. The philosophy of WWOOFing is to ______.A. improve local environmentB. make local lives betterC. unite different communitiesD. advocate a fair exchange35. This passage is mainly about _____.A. The development of WWOOFingB. a local WWOOFing communityC. a charming WWOOFing experienceD. the system of WWOOFingPassage FourExperts say distracted walking is a growing problem, as people of all ages become more dependent on electronic devices for personal and professional matters. They also note pedestrian deaths have been rising in recent years. In 2005, 11% of all US deaths involved pedestrians, but that number rose to 15% in 2014.The rise in deaths coincides with states introducing bills that target pedestrians. Some states, such as Hawaii, Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York, continue to introduce legislation every year.The measure recently introduced by New Jersey assembly woman Pamela Lampitt would ban walking while texting and prohibit pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are hands-free. Violators would face fines up to $50, 15-day imprisonment or both which is the same penalty as jaywalking (乱穿马路). Half of the fine would be allocated to safety education about the dangers of walking while texting, said Lampitt.Some see the proposal as an unnecessary government overreach, while others say they understand Lampitt’s reasoning. But most agree that people need to be made aware of the issue. “Distracted pedestrians, like distracted drivers, present a potential danger to themselves and drivers on the road.”Lampitt said. “An individual crossing the road distracted by their smartphone presents just as much danger to motorists as someone jaywalking and should be held, at minimum, to the same penalty.”The main question raised about the measure, though, is whether it can be enforced consistently by police officers who usually have more pressing matters to deal with. Some feel that rather than imposing a new law, the state should focus on distracted-walking education. Lampitt said the measure was needed to stop and penalize “risky behavior”. She cited a National Safety Council report that showed distracted-walking incidents involving cellphones accounted for an estimated 11,101 injuries from 2000 to 2011.The study found a majority of those injured were female and most were 40 or younger. Talking on the phone was the most prevalent activity at the time of injury, while texting accounted fro 12%. Nearly 80% of the injuries occurred as the result of a fall, while 9% occurred from the pedestrian striking a motionless object.36. This passage is mainly concerned with _____.A. the difficulty in enforcing road regulationsB. rising deaths caused by distracted walkingC. the danger of jaywalking on busy streetsD. distracted walking involving smartphones37. The states introducing bills that target smartphones _____.A. have benefitted from the billsB. find it hard to carry them outC. have been promoting the legislationD. will have fewer deaths of pedestrians38. According to the measure proposed by Lampitt, walking while texting would_____.A. become illegalB. involve safety educationC. be blamed publiclyD. incur a fine of over $5039. Lampitt reasons that distracted pedestrians are as dangerous as _____.A. motoristsB.speeding driversC. jaywalkersD.drunk drivers40. Which of the following would the author of the passage most probably agree with?A. Males are more vulnerable to distracted-walking injuriesB. Police officers are unhappy with the proposed law.C. Safety education is more important than penaltyD. Rising distracted-walking incidents call for real attentionSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions orunfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.The saying “Clothes Make the Man” dates back some 400 years and it refers to the fact that when people see a well-dressed person, they assume that person is a professional, capable, and (especially in the old days) rich. Therefore, you had to dress like how you wanted to be perceived, what you wanted to eventually achieve. Fast forward 400 years, lots of folks still think the same way. But does it really make a difference?I happen to be one of those who do not put faith in the old saying. I suppose I might be in the minority but I am a member of an elite club with the likes of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates in my camp.Perception is not reality; perception is halfway to discovering reality. Perception is drawn from our own impressions, our own belief systems. Is it powerful and influential? Absolutely! Is it all that it seems? Less often than you think. How many times have you cast an initial judgment only to surprise yourself later and learn how you missed out on a great opportunity, person or idea?Comment 1:In the present era, many associate the well-dressed with being the most successful. It took folks in the business world a long time to overlook the way Steve Jobs wore jeans on the public stage. I did not know Mr. Jobs, though I wish I had. I have heard it said that he invented the concept of “business casual.” In my mind that is as much a matter of self-confidence as it is a matter of taste in clothing.Comment 2:You are wrong about Steve Jobs. He certainly did care how he was perceived and his appearance was very much calculated to achieve his desired effect. From his early formal business clothing down to the aggressive casualness of his eventual black turtle neck and jeans uniform, his clothes and the impact they made were clearly foremost in his mind.Comment 3:It reminds me of the story about the philosopher who goes to a formal dinner party in jeans. When asked if he felt out of place because of his clothes, he looked around and said he hadn’t noticed.41. Which of the following might the writer of the passage agree with?A. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dress formally.B. We should not judge a person by his clothing.C. It is clothes that make the man.D. The well-dressed are more likely to succeed.42. According to the writer of the passage, perception _____.A. might prove wrongB.is powerful and reliableC. is half realityD.might be worthless to us43. The writer of comment 1 seems to _____.A.dislike the way Steve Jobs dressed for business occasionsB.suggest that business people have no taste in clothingC.believe that the well-dressed are the most successfulD.think that Steve Jobs casualness reflected his self-confidence44. Speaking of Steve Jobs, the writer of Comment 2 _____.A. points out that Steve Jobs was a very aggressive personB. suggests that he and Steve Jobs used to be in the same clubC. holds the same view as the writer of the passageD. thinks Steve Jobs’ casualness was carefully thought out45. When he went to the dinner party in jeans (Comment 3), the philosopher _____.A. thought that people liked his clothesB. was not aware of how his clothes lookedC. felt quite embarrassedD. considered himself out of placePart IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for eachblank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.The history of transportation is very long and full of changes and inventions. It starts __46__ walking, which is not any invention; it just takes energy. People used to walk to get to other places. If you wanted to get somewhere quickly, the __47__ way to do that was to run. Actually, the first invention for transportation __48__ was the shoe. Centuries ago there were no shoes, and people walked barefoot.Then people invented __49__ to transport themselves and materials from one place to another. In some cultures, people invented sledges (雪橇), __50__ are a kind of board that you drag along the ground. You can tie things on the sledges to help carry them，but it is a challenging invention __51__ if you hit a rock with the sledgeas you pull it, the contents can __52__. In other cultures, people invented the wheel, which they used to make it easier to move things —and people. That was the beginning of many innovations in transportation.__53__ people had wheels they could invent other ways to travel. They could put the wheel on a board and make it a wagon and then they could __54__that wagon to an ox or a horse and ride as well as carry materials. That wheel led to __55__ we have today: trucks, automobiles, and even boats and planes. For example, there were steamboats that used giant wheels that turned with blades, pushing the water and pushing the boat forward.46. A. on B. atC. forD. with 47. A. possible B. only C. one D. just 48. A. probably B. luckilyC. really D . formerly 49. A. methods B. channels C. waysD. measures 50. A. whatB. whenC. whereD. which 51. A. unlessB. butC. evenD. since 52. A. pull out B. slip off C. hold down D. put down 53. A. OnceB. ThenC. HoweverD. Yet 54. A. stickB. makeC. fastenD. change 55. A. what B. that C. whichD. how Part V Text Completion (20 points)Directions : In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (rangingfrom 56 to 75). Above each text there are three or four phrases to becompleted. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete thephrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text.Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet .Text OnePhrases: A. __56__ only one languageB. __57__ any reason not toC.in __58__ different waysD.the most boring __59__I think every language has a certain way of seeing the world. Each is a wholedifferent world—a whole different mindsets. I couldn’t possibly __60__ because it would mean really giving up the possibility to be able to see the world __61__.So the monolingual lifestyle, for me, is the saddest, the loneliest, __62__. There are so many advantages of learning a language; I really can’t __63__.Text TwoPhrases:A. but it may __64__ like foreverB. a person may have no __65__ what is wrongC. what is __66__ as panic disorderA panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror. Usually it does not last long, __67__. The cause can be something as normally uneventfulas driving over a bridge or flying in an airplane. And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before. A fast heartbeat. Sweaty hands. Difficulty breathing. A lightheaded feeling. At first __68__. But there can all be signs of __69__. The first appearance usually is between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four. In some cases it develops after a tragedy, like the death of a loved one, or some other difficult situation.Text ThreePhrases:A. sit at home __70__B. turn off all non-essential __71__C. passed a law to __72__ the seaI’m a big fan of trying to save the environment, and this month is the WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) annual Earth Hour. Earth Hour is an event where you __73__ and power between 8-9 pm, things like your TV and computer. However, you don’t just__74__ for an hour. Instead, people gather in groups and have fun without using power. Things like dancing, fireworks and musical performances are popular and it’s very fun to take part. Earth Hour isn’t just about saving energy; people involved in Earth Hour have also planted a forest in Uganda, built solar panels in India and __75__ in Argentina.Paper Two(50minutes)Part VI Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Books are steadily increasing in size: the average number of pages has grown by 25% over the last 15 years. A study of more than 2,500 books appearing on New York Times bestseller reveals that the average length has increased from 320 pages in 1999 to 400 pages in 2014.According to James Finlayson, who carried out the survey, there’s a “relatively consistent pattern of growth year on year”. For Finlayson, much of this shift can be explained by the industry’s shift towards digital. He says “When you pick up a large book in a shop, you can sometimes be intimidated, but if you have a big book on a Kindle (eBook), that’s not a consideration.”Part VII Writing (15 points)Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: What do you think of advanced artificial intelligence? You should write according tothe outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.1. Google’s DeepMindAlphaGo program beat the world champion of the game Go (围棋)in a landmark battle between man and artificial intelligence.2. Some people fear advanced artificial intelligence.3. Your attitude towards advanced artificial intelligence.。
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(Full Mark = 8) Tasks
33.0 32.5 32.0 31.5
2
-31.5 -31.0 -30.5 -30.0
3
Graph E2_1
Graph E2_2
Graphs E2_1 and E2_2 show the relationship between the intensity and |θ| for the positive (LHS) and negative (RHS) incident angles respectively. The peak numbers are also labeled for all graphs.TOTAL = 0.9 points
0.4 points
points (for both graphs)
0.1 points
units (for both graphs)
0.1 points
label (for both graphs)
0.1 points
ticks label (for both graphs) 0.2 points
both graphs)
[
above items are not shown in both graphs
4 Refer to Graphs E2_1 and E2_2.
7 Ideally, the locations of the
should be the same as for
Graph E2_3
Peak number vs. cosθaverage
The slope is 12.0 TOTAL = 0.6 points
0.3 points
points
0.1 points
units
0.1 points
label
0.1 points
ticks label
[
peak number or interference order (i.e.
The y-intercept is -5.45
Interference order vs. cosθaverage
The slope is 12.0
The y-intercept is -0.45
By plotting peak number against cos |θ|average and drawing a line through the data points, one could get the slope and the y-intercept, as shown in Graph E2_3. The same principle applies to plotting the interference order m against cos |θ|average.
(Graphical solutions for the slope and intercept will be accepted.) Note: Plotting these two graphs separately will also be acceptable as shown in Graph E2_3a and Graph E2_3b i.e.
Graph E2_3a
Graph E2_3b
9Refer to Graph E2_3
Peak number vs. cosθaverage
11Refer to Graph E2_3:
From Graph E2_3, the slope for
N/A Appendix:
Path difference calculation for an ideal air-gap etalon:
Path difference for beams 1 and 2 is equal to:
−2L sinθtanθ=2L cosθ. (4a)
AB+BC−AE=2L
cosθ
This is the path difference used in Equation (1).
It is also acceptable to calculate the path difference directly using
Equation (1), but will only be given half of the points as writing down
Eq. (4a).
A mis-alignment of angle α between the laser beam and the angular scale
corresponds to a correction of
from the angular scale. Thus the incident angle is now。