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创业者创业胜任力与创业成功的关系研究

摘要

创业推动了产品和过程创新，是社会变化与发展的至关重要的发动机。对于当代中国，创业同样具有十分重要的意义。首先，创业可以促进我国经济的发展; 其次，创业有利于调整我国的经济结构；最后，创业有利于解决我国当前迫在眉睫的就业问题。由此可见，创业对于我国的经济与社会发展具有十分重要的推动作用。然而，创业是艰辛的，创业成功是困难的。

影响创业成功的因素很多，国内外学者也作了大量的探讨。通过对现有文献的研究，本文发现学者们一致认为创业者的个体特征对创业成功有着重要的影响，但是究竟哪些个体特征对创业成功的影响比较大，学者们却分歧较大。为此，本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上，对创业者创业胜任力与创业成功的关系进行了理论和实证研究。在理论分析部分，本文从创业者特质、创业者知识、创业者能力三个维度构建了创业者创业胜任力的指标体系，并进一步构建了创业者创业胜任力与创业成功的关系模型，从创业者特质、创业者知识、创业者能力三个维度提出了十七项研究假设。在实证分析方面，本文以创业者为研究对象，对创业者创业胜任力与创业成功的关系进行了问卷调查，并通过统计软件对概念模型和研究假设进行了实证检验。

本文的研究结果表明，创业者创业胜任力对创业成功有着显著的影响。其中，对创业成功有显著影响的创业者特质有：创新精神、风险承担、内部控制力、精力充沛和正直诚信；对创业成功有显著影响的创业者知识有：技术知识、管理知识和法律知识；对创业成功有显著影响的创业者能力有：机会识别能力、资源整合能力、人际关系处理能力、时间管理能力、自我学习能力、团队合作能力、战略规划能力和解决问题的能力。与创业成功显著正相关的关键创业胜任力特征有：团队合作能力，机会识别能力，技术知识，风险承担，管理知识，时间管理能力，内部控制力，自我学习能力。本文最后在结论与建议的基础上进一步分析了本研究的不足以及未来研究可以努力的方向。

关键词：创业者创业胜任力；创业者特质；创业者知识；创业者能力；创业成功

ABSTRACT

Starting enterprises boots the product and process innovation, which is critical to social change called development engine. And it is also significant to contemporary China. First, setting up in business speed the development of economy of China; Secondly, setting up in business is conducive to adjust our economic structure; Finally, setting up in business is good to resolve the currently urgent problem of employment. Therefore, starting enterprises has played a key role in promoting our country’s economy and social development. However, starting enterprises is difficult and hard.

There are many factors affecting the success of starting enterprises to exist, and the domestic and foreign scholars have made a lot of research. Through researching of existing scientific or technical literature, we find that scholars agree that the individual

characteristics of starting enterprises have an important impact on business success, but more discrepancy on which is the biggest affecting factor. This article bases on summarizing the results of previous studies, further study on the relationship between the competence of the entrepreneur and setting up in business success in the theoretical and empirical research. In the theoretical analysis, this paper builds the index system of competence of the three dimensions of characteristics, knowledge, capacity of starting enterprises, and further builds the relational model of competence and success of starting enterprises. Then, presents Seventeen hypothesis based on three dimensions of characteristics, knowledge, and capacity. In the empirical analysis, this paper selects the business setter as the research object, conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate the relationship between Competency and success. Finally, test hypotheses and conceptual model through empirical research of statistical software.

The research results survey that the entrepreneurship competencies have a significant impact on the entrepreneurship success. Among them, entrepreneur characteristics existing significant impact on entrepreneurship success are innovation, risk, internal control, energy and integrity and honesty; Entrepreneur’s knowledge affecting the entrepreneurship success includes technical knowledge, management knowledge and legal knowledge; Entrepreneur’s ability affecting the entrepreneurship success includes opportunity recognition, resource integration capability, interpersonal skills, time management, self-learning ability, teamwork, strategic planning and problem solving ability. Entrepreneur’s competence playing a key role in the entrepreneurship success are teamwork, opportunity recognition, technical knowledge, risk taking, knowledge management, time management, internal control, self-learning ability. Finally, basing on the conclusions and recommendations goes further to analysis the deficiencies of this study and future research directions need to research.

KEY WORDS: Entrepreneurial Competency；Entrepreneurial traits；Entrepreneurial knowledge；Capacity of entrepreneurs；Entrepreneurial success