Tow to keep away of delivery of goods without original bill of lading
外经贸英语函电课后习题答案
Unit two•be glad to……高兴做某事inform 通知，告诉，告知•fall within the scope of 属于……的范畴1 你方1994年9月2日来函收到。
我们很高兴告诉你，你所要的商品属于我公司的经营范围。
Your letter of September 2, 1994 has been received. We are glad to inform you that thearticles required by you fall within the scope of our business activities.•textile n. 纺织品adj.纺织的specialize in 擅长于，专攻enter into 开始2 你地中国银行函告，你们是纺织品的进口商。
我们专营纺织品出口业务，愿与贵公司建立业务关系。
The Bank of China in your city has informed us that you are importers of textiles. Wespecialize in the export of textiles and are willing to enter into business relations with you.•in compliance with 顺从，遵照piece goods 匹头, 布匹•be found to someone’s satisfaction 满某人的意3 遵照你方要求，我们正寄上一套布匹剪样。
希望这些样品能及时到达，并使你满意In compliance with your request, we are sending you a range of cut samples of our cottonpiece goods. We hope they will arrive in time and be found to your satisfaction.•place an order 下订单4 你方9月4号来函收到。
商务英语BEC初级口语考试短句10句
商务英语BEC初级口语考试短句10句1. We asked the factory to use stronger cartons and double straps.我们要求工厂用牢固些的纸箱，并用双道箱带捆扎。
2. Please see to it that each carton is properly sealed, with a fireproof lining inside.请注意: 每个盒子要密封好，盒子里面要有防火衬里。
3. We need these goods to be packed in special packing materials even though they may cost us more.即使再昂贵，我方也要求用特殊的包装材料来包装这些货物。
4. We would like to have the screws packed in double gunny bags.我们希望这些螺丝能用双层麻袋包装。
5. In order to avoid any possible damage in transit, we would ask you to pack the goods in strong but small wooden cases.为避免运输中可能的损坏，我们要求你方用坚固的小型木箱包装。
6. We refer special cartons of 30cm*60cm with two or three dozen to each carton because it’s convenient and easy to handle.我们更货向于用30cm*60cm的特殊纸盒，每个盒子里装2-3打，因为这样的包装方便，容易销售。
7. You’d better pack them in cartons of 10kg each instead of wooden cases of 6 kg.贵方最好能每个纸盒包装10kg，而不是每个木箱装6kg。
《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》英文
《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》英文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of GoodsHey guys! Today, I want to talk to you about something super important – the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, or as some people call it, the CISG. It's like a big rulebook that countries follow when they buy and sell things to each other.Now, let's break it down: the CISG was made to help countries that are trading with each other to have fair and consistent rules to follow. It was adopted by the United Nations in 1980 and has been signed by lots of countries around the world.So, what does the CISG actually do? Well, it covers things like how a contract is formed, what happens if one party doesn't do what they promised, and how to figure out the price of the goods being sold. It also helps to sort out any disagreements that might come up during the sale.One cool thing about the CISG is that it applies to all kinds of goods – from toys and clothes to cars and electronics. It doesn't matter if you're buying a toy robot from Japan or a dress from France, the CISG has got you covered.But remember guys, the CISG only applies if both countries involved in the sale have signed on to it. So, if you're buying something from a country that hasn't agreed to follow the CISG, you might have to use different rules to sort out any problems that come up.In conclusion, the CISG is like a super helpful guide that countries use when they're buying and selling goods internationally. It helps to make sure that everyone plays fair and that things run smoothly. So, the next time you're buying something from another country, remember that the CISG has got your back!篇2Once upon a time, there was a super cool, super important thing called the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. This amazing treaty helps people all around the world trade goods with each other in a fair and easy way.So, what exactly is this Convention all about? Well, it's basically a set of rules that countries agree to follow whenthey're buying and selling stuff from each other. These rules cover things like when a contract is formed, what happens if there's a problem with the goods, and how to settle disputes between buyers and sellers.One of the best things about the Convention is that it applies to almost every country in the world. That means that no matter where you are, you can rely on these rules to make sure your international trade deals go smoothly.But wait, there's more! The Convention also helps to promote international trade by making it easier for businesses to understand and comply with the rules. This means that companies can spend less time worrying about legal stuff and more time focusing on making awesome products and expanding their markets.In conclusion, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is like a superhero that swoops in to save the day whenever people need to trade goods across borders. So next time you're buying or selling something internationally, remember to thank the Convention for making it all possible!篇3Hi everyone! Today I'm going to talk about the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, which is a really important international agreement.The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, or CISG for short, is a set of rules that helps govern international sales contracts between businesses in different countries. It was created by the United Nations to make trade between countries easier and more fair.One of the cool things about the CISG is that it applies to most countries around the world, so companies from different countries can use the same set of rules when they are buying and selling goods. This helps to make international trade more efficient and reduces the risk of misunderstandings between parties.The CISG covers a lot of important topics, like the formation of contracts, the obligations of buyers and sellers, and the remedies available if something goes wrong with a sale. It also includes rules on things like how contracts can be modified, what happens if goods are damaged during transit, and how disputes can be resolved.So next time you hear about international trade or buying goods from another country, remember the CISG! It's like a rulebook that helps make sure everyone plays fair and that trade between countries is smooth and efficient. Pretty cool, right?That's all for now, thanks for listening! Let's all work together to make international trade even better with the help of the CISG. Bye for now!篇4The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is a super cool treaty that helps countries to trade stuff with each other in a fair and easy way. It's like a big rulebook that everyone follows when they buy or sell things internationally.So, let's break it down in a simple way that even a primary school student can understand. The CISG has rules about how we buy stuff and sell stuff from other countries. It helps make sure that everyone plays fair and follows the same set of rules.One of the cool things about the CISG is that it covers a lot of important stuff like when a contract is made, what happens if one party doesn't do what they promised, and how to figure out the price of the goods being sold. It also helps to deal with issueslike delivery of goods, payment terms, and even what happens if the goods are defective.The CISG is like a superhero that helps to make international trade easier and smoother. It sets out clear rules for everyone to follow so that there are no misunderstandings or disputes between buyers and sellers from different countries. This way, everyone can feel confident and secure when they are doing business with people from around the world.In conclusion, the CISG is a super important treaty that makes international trade fair and simple. It's like a big book of rules that helps to keep things running smoothly between countries. So, next time you hear about the CISG, remember that it's there to make sure that everyone can buy and sell things internationally without any hassle.篇5Sorry, I am not able to provide an English text written by a primary school student with over 2000 words. However, I can provide a simplified explanation of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) in a more child-friendly manner.The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is like a set of rules that countries agree to follow when they buy and sell things to each other. It helps make sure that people from different countries can understand each other when they make deals.The CISG covers things like how to make a contract, what happens if there is a problem with the goods, and how to resolve disputes. It is like a big book of rules that everyone can use to make sure they are treated fairly when buying and selling goods internationally.Even though the CISG may sound complicated, its main goal is to make international trade easier and fairer for everyone involved. It helps protect both buyers and sellers by providing clear guidelines for buying and selling goods across borders.篇6The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is like a super cool rulebook for buying and selling stuff between different countries. It's kind of like a big brother that helps make sure everyone plays fair when they're doing business together.The CISG has super important rules for things like when and how a contract is formed, what happens if something goes wrong with the sale, and how to handle things like delivering the goods and paying for them. It's like a playbook that everyone can follow to make sure everything goes smoothly.One of the really neat things about the CISG is that it applies to most international sales contracts automatically, even if the parties don't specifically say they want it to. So if you're buying or selling something with someone in a different country, chances are the CISG will help make sure everything goes smoothly.But just like with any rulebook, it's important to understand how the CISG works and what it covers. So if you're doing business internationally, it's a good idea to get to know the CISG and how it can help you make sure your deals go off without a hitch.In conclusion, the CISG is like a super awesome tool that helps make international business transactions easier and more efficient. So next time you're buying or selling something with someone from another country, remember to think about the CISG and how it can help you out!篇7The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is like a giant rulebook that helps people from different countries do business together. It's kind of like a superhero that comes in to save the day and make sure everything runs smoothly when companies from different countries want to buy and sell things to each other.So, imagine you're a kid trading your toys with a friend from another country. You want to make sure you both understand the rules of the trade and that everything goes smoothly. That's where the CISG comes in. It sets out rules for things like when a contract is formed, what happens if one party doesn't follow the contract, and how to calculate damages if something goes wrong.The CISG is super important because it helps make international trade easier and more predictable. It's like having a set of rules that everyone agrees to follow, so there are fewer misunderstandings and disputes. Plus, it helps make sure that businesses can trust each other and feel confident about trading with people from different countries.So, next time you're trading toys with a friend from another country, just remember that the CISG is there to help make sure everything goes smoothly. And who knows, maybe one dayyou'll use the CISG to trade more than just toys – maybe you'll use it to trade cars, clothes, or even robots! The possibilities are endless when you have a superhero like the CISG on your side.篇8Oh wow, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is like super important when you're buying and selling stuff between different countries! It's like a special set of rules that helps make sure everyone follows the same agreement when they're trading goods internationally.The CISG covers things like when a contract is formed, what happens if something goes wrong with the delivery of the goods, and how payments should be made. It's kinda like a guidebook for international trade!One of the cool things about the CISG is that it applies to most international contracts unless the parties specifically decide not to use it. So, it's like a default set of rules that you can rely on if you're buying or selling stuff across borders.The CISG also helps to make things fair for both the buyer and the seller. For example, it sets out rules for when the goods should be delivered, how payment should be made, and what happens if there's a problem with the quality of the goods. This way, everyone knows what to expect and can avoid any misunderstandings or disputes.Overall, the CISG is like a helpful guide for international trade that makes sure everyone plays by the same rules. So next time you're buying or selling stuff internationally, remember to check out the CISG to make sure everything goes smoothly!篇9The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is a really important thing that helps people from different countries sell stuff to each other. It's like a set of rules that everyone follows so that there are no misunderstandings or problems when things are bought or sold between countries.The cool thing about this convention is that lots of countries have agreed to follow the same rules. That means that no matter where you are from, you can use these rules to buy or sell goods in other countries and know that everyone will play fair.One of the important things in this convention is that it helps avoid misunderstandings by setting out rules on when and how contracts are made. This makes sure that everyone knows what they are agreeing to when they buy or sell something to someone in another country.Another important part of this convention is that it sets out rules on what happens if there are problems with the goods that are being sold. For example, if the goods are not what they were supposed to be or if they are damaged during shipping, the convention helps figure out how to solve these problems fairly.Overall, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is super important because it makes it easier for people from different countries to buy and sell things to each other. It's like having a set of rules that everyone agrees to follow, so that there are no fights or misunderstandings when it comes to international trade. So, always remember to follow the rules and be fair when you are buying or selling things to people from other countries!篇10The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is a really importantinternational agreement that helps people all around the world buy and sell things. It's like a set of rules that everyone can follow when they're making deals with people in other countries.The CISG has been around for a long time, since 1980 actually. It's kind of like a big book with lots of rules that countries can agree to follow. So if you want to buy something from another country and both countries follow the CISG, then you know that there are rules to protect both the buyer and the seller.One cool thing about the CISG is that it applies to lots of different things, like when you want to buy toys from a company in Germany, or clothes from a seller in Japan. It doesn't matter if it's a big deal or just a small order, the CISG can still help protect your rights.The CISG also has rules about things like when the buyer has to pay for the goods, or what happens if the goods are damaged during shipping. It's like having a playbook that tells you what to do in different situations.But remember, not every country follows the CISG. Some countries have their own rules for buying and selling things internationally. So it's always a good idea to check with a lawyer or a legal expert if you're not sure what rules apply to your deal.Overall, the CISG is a really important agreement that helps make international trade fair and smooth. So next time you're buying something from another country, remember to thank the CISG for making sure everything goes smoothly!。
港口码头常用英语
码头常用英语（期刊整理版）moor vt.使(船)停泊,系带浮筒e.g.: Be ready for mooring. 准备系缆. unmoor vt.解缆swing around 调头tug n.拖轮bitt n.系缆桩shift n.工班、移泊stevedore n.装卸工人tally man n.理货员foreman n.调度bargeman n.驳船工人ladder n. 梯子，阶梯pilot ladder n. 引水梯stowage n. 堆载、积载stowage plan n. 配载图、积载图Notice of Readiness n. 装卸准备就绪通知书tow vt. 拖拉towline 拖缆let go 抛锚；解缆headline 头缆sternline 尾缆spring 倒缆heaving line 撇缆stevedoring a. 装卸的lift vt. 举起；抬起capacity n. 容量；能量derrick n. 吊杆capacity of derrick 吊杆负荷量discharge vt.vi 卸；卸货load vt.vi. 装；装货delivery a. 交货transhipment n. 转船运输；转载cargo for transhipment 转船货consignment n. 托付的货物container n. 集装箱container terminal 集装箱码头container yard 集装箱场地container ship 集装箱船舶container freight station 集装箱货运站berth n. 泊位container berth 集装箱船泊位quay n. 码头quay length 码头长度shorecrane n. 岸桥transtainer n. 场桥tractor n. 拖车reach stacker n. 正面吊forklift n. 集装箱空箱叉车wharehouse n. 仓库weightbridge n. 地衡pick up 提箱gate n. 闸口gate in 进闸gate out 出闸transportation n. 运输transhipment n. 转船运输container for transhipment n. 中转箱consignee n. 收货人consigner n. 发货人heavy lift n. 重件货大件货TEU （twenty-feet equivalent units）集装箱计算单位ATB实际靠岸时间ATU实际离岸时间ETA预计到达时间bay plan 分配仓位图berth allocation 泊位分配berth application 泊位申请berth utilization 泊位利用率draft fore draft aft前后吃水LCL 拼箱货hatch-cover 舱盖ship stability 船舶稳性prepare your main engine 备车港口英语Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT) 注册(容积)总吨Net Registered Tonnage (NRT) 注册(容积)净吨Deadweight Tonnage (All Told) (DWT or D.W.A.T) 总载重吨位(量) Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 总载重吨位Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage (DWCT) 净载重吨Light Displacement 轻排水量Load (Loaded)Displacement 满载排水量Actual Displacement 实际排水量Over weight surcharge 超重附加费Bunker Adjustment Factor (Surcharge) (BAS or BS) 燃油附加费Port Surcharge 港口附加费Port Congestion Surcharge 港口拥挤附加费Currency Adjustment Factor (CAF) 货币贬值附加费Deviation surcharge 绕航附加费Direct Additional 直航附加费Additional for Optional Destination 选卸港附加费Additional for Alteration of Destination 变更卸货港附加费Fumigation Charge 熏蒸费Bill of Lading 提单On Board (Shipped) B/L 已装船提单Received for shipment B/L 备运(收妥待运)提单Named B/L 记名提单Bearer B/L 不记名提单Order B/L 指示提单Blank Endorsement 空白备书Clean B/L 清洁提单In apparent good order and condition 外表状况良好Unclean ( Foul, Dirty) B/L 不清洁提单Direct B/L 直航提单Transshipment B/L 转船提单Through B/L 联运提单Multi-modal (Inter-modal, combined) transport B/L 多式联运提单Long Form B/L 全式提单Short Form B/L 简式提单Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单Advanced B/L 预借提单Stale B/L 过期提单On Deck B/L 甲板货提单Charter Party B/L 租约项下提单House B/L 运输代理行提单Seaworthiness 船舶适航Charter Party ( C/P) 租船合同(租约)Voyage charter party 航次租船合同Time Charter Party 定期租船合同Bareboat (demise) Charter Party 光船租船合同Common carrier 公共承运人Private carrier 私人承运人Single trip C/P 单航次租船合同Consecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次租船合同Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同Contract of Affreightment (COA) 包运合同Voyage Charter Party on Time Basis 航次期租合同Fixture Note 租船确认书Free In (FI) 船方不负责装费Free Out (FO) 船方不负责卸费Free In and Out (FIO) 船方不负责装卸费Free In and Out ，Stowed and Trimmed (FIOST) 船方不负责装卸、理舱和平舱费Declaration of ship′s Deadweight Tonnage of Cargo 宣载通知书Dunnage and separations 垫舱和隔舱物料Lump-sum freight 整船包价运费Weather working days (W.W.D) 良好天气工作日Notice of Readiness (NOR) 船舶准备就绪通知书Idle formality 例行手续Laytime statement 装卸时间计算表Damage for Detention 延期损失Customary Quick Despatch (CQD) 习惯快速装运International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) 国际海上危险品货物规则(国际危规)Booking Note 托运单(定舱委托书)Shipping Order (S/O) 装货单 (下货纸)Mate′s Receipt 收货单Loading List 装货清单Cargo Manifest 载货清单(货物舱单)Stowage Plan 货物积载计划Dangerous Cargo List 危险品清单Stowage Factor 积载因素(系数)Inward cargo 进港货Outward cargo 出港货Container yard (CY) 集装箱堆场Container Freight Station ( CFS) 集装箱货运站Container Load Plan 集装箱装箱单Conventional Container Ship 集装箱两用船Semi-container Ship 半集装箱船Full Container Ship 全集装箱船Full Container Load (FCL) 整箱货Less Container Load (LCL) 拼箱货Delivery Order (D/O) 提货单(小提单)Dock receipt 场站收据Twenty equivalent unit (TEU) 二十尺集装箱换算单位Equipment Interchange Receipt ( EIR) 集装箱设备交接单Demurrage 滞期费Crew List 船员名册Log book 航行日志Liner transport 班轮运输Tramp transport 不定期(租船)运输Minimum Freight 工最低运费Maximum Freight 最高运费Accomplish a Bill of Lading (to) 付单提货Ad valorem freight 从价运费Address commission (Addcomm) 回扣佣金Adjustment 海损理算Average adjuster 海损理算师Average bond 海损分摊担保书Average guarantee 海损担保书Act of God 天灾All in rate 总运费率Annual survey 年度检验All purposes (A.P) 全部装卸时间All time saved (a.t.s) 节省的全部时间Always afloat 始终保持浮泊Anchorage 锚地Anchorage dues 锚泊费Arbitration award 仲裁裁决Arbitrator 仲裁员Arrest a ship 扣押船舶Area differential 地区差价Addendum (to a charter party) ( 租船合同)附件Apron 码头前沿Bale or bale capacity 货舱包装容积Back (return) load 回程货Back to back charter 转租合同Backfreight 回程运费Ballast (to) 空载行驶Barge 驳船Barratry 船员不轨Barrel handler 桶抓Base cargo (1) 垫底货Base cargo (2) 起运货量Bundle (Bd) 捆(包装单位)Beam 船宽Bearer ( of a B/L) 提单持有人Both ends (Bends) 装卸两港Boatman 缆工Buoy 浮标Bunker escalation clause 燃料涨价条款Derrick 吊杆Fork-lift truck 铲车Boom of a fork-lift truck 铲车臂Both to blame collision clause 互有过失碰撞条款Book space 洽订舱位Bottom 船体Bottom stow cargo 舱底货Bottomry loan 船舶抵押贷款Breakbulk 零担Breakbulk cargo 零担货物Broken stowage 亏舱Brokerage 经纪人佣金Bulk cargo 散装货Bulk carrier 散货船Bulk container 散货集装箱American Bureau of Shipping (A.B.S.) 美国船级社Bureau Veritas (B.V.) 法国船级社Cabotage 沿海运输Canal transit dues 运河通行税Capsize vessel 超宽型船Captain 船长Car carrier 汽车运输船Car container 汽车集装箱Cargo hook 货钩Cargo sharing 货载份额Cargo superintendent 货物配载主管Cargo tank 货箱Cargo tracer 短少货物查询单Cargoworthiness 适货Carryings 运输量Certificate of seaworthiness 适航证书Cesser clause 责任终止条款Chassis 集装箱拖车Claims adjuster 理赔人Classification certificate 船级证书Classification register 船级公告Classification society 船级社Classification survey 船级检验Paramount clause 首要条款Clean (petroleum ) products 精练油Clean the holds (to) 清洁货舱Closing date 截至日Closure of navigation 封航Collapsible flattrack 折叠式板架集装箱Completely knocked down (CKD) 全拆装Compulsory pilotage 强制引航Conference 公会Congestion 拥挤Congestion surcharge 拥挤费Con-ro ship 集装箱/滚装两用船Consecutive voyages 连续航程Consign 托运Consignee 收货人Consignor 发货人Consignment 托运；托运的货物Consolidation (groupage) 拼箱Consortium 联营Constants 常数Container barge 集装箱驳船Container leasing 集装箱租赁Containerization 集装箱化Containerised 已装箱的，已集装箱化的Containership 集装箱船Contamination (of cargo ) 货物污染Contributory value 分摊价值Conveyor belt 传送带Corner casting (fitting) 集装箱(角件)Corner post 集装箱(角柱)Crane 起重机Crawler mounted crane 履带式(轨道式)起重机Custom of the port (COP) 港口惯例Customary assistance 惯常协助Daily running cost 日常营运成本Deadfreight 亏舱费Deadweight (weight) cargo 重量货Deadweight cargo (carrying)capacity 载货量Deaiweight scale 载重图表Deck cargo 甲板货Delivery of cargo (a ship) 交货(交船) Despatch or Despatch money 速遣费Destuff 卸集装箱Det Norske Veritas (D.N.V.) 挪威船级社Deviation 绕航Direct discharge (车船)直卸Direct transshipment 直接转船Dirty(Black) (petroleum) products ( D.P.P.) 原油Disbursements 港口开支Discharging port 卸货港Disponent owner 二船东Dock 船坞Docker 码头工人Door to door 门到门运输Downtime (设备)故障时间Draft (draught) 吃水；水深Draft limitation 吃水限制Dropping outward pilot (D.O.P.) 引航员下船时Dry cargo 干货Dry cargo(freight) container 干货集装箱Dry dock 干船坞Demurrage half despatch (D1/2D) 速遣费为滞期费的一半Efficient deck hand (E.D.H.) 二级水手Elevator 卸货机Enter a ship inwards (outwards) 申请船舶进港(出港) Entrepot 保税货Equipment 设备(常指集装箱)Equipment handover charge 设备使用费预计到达时间Estimated time of completion (ETC) 预计完成时间Estimated time of departure (ETD) 预计离港时间Estimated time of readiness (ETR) 预计准备就绪时间Estimated time of sailing (ETS) 预计航行时间Europallet 欧式托盘Even if used (E.I.U.) 即使使用Excepted period 除外期间Exception 异议Exceptions clause 免责条款Excess landing 溢卸Expiry of laytime 装卸欺瞒Extend suit time 延长诉讼时间Extend a charter 延长租期Extension of a charter 租期延长Extension to suit time 诉讼时间延长Extreme breadth 最大宽度Fairway 航道Feeder service 支线运输服务Feeder ship 支线船Ferry 渡轮First class ship 一级船Flag of convenience (FOC) 方便旗船Floating crane 浮吊Floating dock 浮坞Force majeure 不可抗力Fork-lift truck 铲车Forty foot equivalent unit (FEU) 四十英尺集装箱换算单位Four-way pallet 四边开槽托盘Freeboard 干Freight all kinds (FAK) 包干运费Freight canvasser 揽货员Freight collect (freight payable at destination) 运费到付Freight prepaid 运费预付Freight quotation 运费报价Freight rate (rate of freight) 运费率Freight tariff 运费费率表Freight ton (FT) 运费吨Freight manifest 运费舱单Freighter 货船Fresh water load line 淡水载重线Fridays and holidays excepted (F.H.E.X .) 星期五和节假日除外Full and complete cargo 满舱满载货Full and down 满舱满载Gantry crane 门式起重机(门吊)Gencon 金康航次租船合同General average 共同海损General average act 共同海损行为General average contribution 共同海损分摊General average sacrifice 共同海损牺牲General cargo (generals) 杂货General purpose container 多用途集装箱Geographical rotation 地理顺序Germanischer Lloyd (G.L.) 德国船级社Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T.) 格林威治时间Grabbing crane 抓斗起重机Grain or grain capacity 散装舱容Gross weight(GW) 毛重Grounding 触底Gunny bag 麻袋Gunny matting 麻垫Hague Rules 海牙规则Hague-Visby Rules 海牙维斯比规则Hamburg Rules 汉堡规则Hand hook 手钩Handymax 杂散货船Handy-sized bulker 小型散货船Harbour 海港Harbour dues 港务费Hatch (hatch cover) 舱盖Hatchway 舱口Head charter (charter party) 主租船合同Head charterer 主租船人Heavy lift 超重货物Heavy lift additional (surcharge) 超重附加费Heavy lift derrick 重型吊杆Heavy weather 恶劣天气Heavy fuel oil (H.F.O) 重油Hire statement 租金单Hold 船舱Home port 船籍港Homogeneous cargo 同种货物Hook 吊钩Hopper 漏斗House Bill of Lading 运输代理行提单Hovercraft 气垫船Husbandry 维修Inland container depot 内陆集装箱Ice-breaker 破冰船Identity of carrier clause 承运人责任条款Idle (船舶、设备)闲置Immediate rebate 直接回扣International Maritime Organization (IMO) 国际海事组织Import entry 进口报关Indemnity 赔偿Inducement 起运量Inducement cargo 起运量货物Inflation adjustment factor ( IAF) 通货膨胀膨胀调整系数Infrastructure (of a port) (港口)基础设施Inherent vice 固有缺陷Institute Warranty Limits (IWL) (伦敦保险人)协会保证航行范围Insufficient packing 包装不足Intaken weight 装运重量International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) 国际船级社协会Inward 进港的Inward cargo 进港货物International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) 国际运输工人联合会Itinerary 航海日程表Jettison 抛货Joint service 联合服务Joint survey 联合检验Jumbo derrick 重型吊杆Jurisdiction (Litigation)clause 管辖权条款Knot 航速(节)Laden 满载的Laden draught 满载吃水Landbridge 陆桥Landing charges 卸桥费Landing,storage and delivery 卸货、仓储和送货费Lash 用绳绑扎Lashings 绑扎物Latitude 纬度Lay-by berth 候载停泊区Laydays (laytime) 装卸货时间Laydays canceling (Laycan或L/C) 销约期Laytime saved 节省的装卸时间Laytime statement 装卸时间记录Lay up 搁置不用Leg (of a voyage) 航段Length overall (overall length ,简称LOA) (船舶)总长Letter of indemnity 担保书(函)Lien 留置权Lift-on lift-off (LO-LO) 吊上吊下Lighter 驳船Limitation of liability 责任限制Line (shipping line) 航运公司Liner ( liner ship) 班轮Liner in free out (LIFO) 运费不包括卸货费Liner terms 班轮条件Lloyd′s Register of Shipping 劳埃德船级社Loadline (load line) 载重线Loading hatch 装货口Log abstract 航海日志摘录Long length additional 超长附加费Long ton 长吨Longitude 经度Lump sum charter 整笔运费租赁Maiden voyage 处女航Main deck 主甲板Main port 主要港口Manifest 舱单Maritime declaration of health 航海健康申明书Maritime lien 海事优先权Marks and numbers 唛头Mate′s receipt 大副收据Mean draught 平均吃水Measurement cargo 体积货物Measurement rated cargo 按体积计费的货物Measurement rules 计量规则Merchant (班轮提单)货方Merchant haulage 货方拖运Merchant marine 商船Metric ton 公吨Misdelivery 错误交货Misdescription 错误陈述Mixed cargo 混杂货Mobile crane 移动式起重机More or less (mol.) 增减More or less in charterer’s option (MOLCHOP) 承租人有增减选择权More or less in owner’s option (MOLOO) 船东有增减选择权Mother ship 母船Multideck ship 多层甲板船Multi-purpose cargo ship 多用途船Multi-purpose terminal 多用途场站Narrow the laycan 缩短销约期Net weight 净重New Jason clause 新杰森条款New York Produce Exchange charter-party (NYPE) 纽约土产交易所制定的定期程租船合同格式Newbuilding 新船Nippon kaiji kyokai (NKK) 日本船级社No cure no pay 无效果无报酬Not otherwise enumerated (N.O.E.) 不另列举Nominate a ship 指定船舶进行航行To be nominated (TBN) 指定船舶Non-conference line (Independent line ,Outsider) 非公会成员的航运公司Non-delivery 未交货Non-negotiable bill of lading 不可流通的提单Non-reversible laytime 不可调配使用的装卸时间Non-vessel owning(operating) common carrier (NVOCC) 无船承运人Not always afloat but safe aground 不保持浮泊但安全搁浅Note protest 作海事声明Notice of redelivery 还船通知书Notify party 通知方Ocean (Liner, Sea) waybill 海运单Off hire 停租Oil tanker 油轮On-carriage 货运中转On-carrier 接运承运人One-way pallet 单边槽货盘Open hatch bulk carrier 敞舱口散货船Open rate 优惠费率Open rated cargo 优惠费率货物Open side container 侧开式集装箱Open top container 开顶集装箱Operate a ship 经营船舶Optional cargo 选港货物Ore/bulk/oil carrier 矿石/散货/油轮Out of gauge 超标(货物)Outport 小港Outturn 卸货Outturn report 卸货报告Outward 进港的Overheight cargo 超重货物Overlanded cargo or overlanding 溢卸货Overload 超载Overstow 堆码Overtime (O/T) 加班时间Overtonnaging 吨位过剩Owner′s agents 船东代理人Package limitation 单位(赔偿)责任限制Packing list 装箱单Pallet 托(货)盘Pallet truck 托盘车Palletized 托盘化的Panamax 巴拿马型船Parcel 一包，一票货Performance claim 性能索赔Perishable goods 易腐货物Permanent dunnage 固定垫舱物Per freight ton (P. F. T.) 每运费吨Phosphoric acid carrier 磷酸船Piece weight 单重Pier 突码头Pier to pier 码头至码头运输Piggy –back 驮背运输Pilferage 偷窃Pilot 引航员Pilotage 引航Pilotage dues 引航费Platform 平台Platform flat 平台式集装箱Pooling (班轮公司间分摊货物或运费)分摊制Port 港口，船的左舷Port of refuge 避难港Portable unloader 便携式卸货机Post fixture 订约后期工作Post-entry 追补报关单Preamble (租船合同)前言Pre-entry 预报单Pre-shipment charges 运输前费用Pre-stow 预定积载Private form 自用式租船合同Pro forma charter-party 租约格式Produce carrier 侧开式集装箱Product (products) carrier 液体货运输船Promotional rate 促销费率Prospects 预期Protecting (protective, supervisory) agent 船东利益保护人Protection and indemnity club (association) (P.& I. Club ,Pandi club) 船东保赔协会Protective clauses 保护性条款Protest 海事声明Pumpman 泵工Purchase (吊杆)滑车组Quarter ramp 船尾跳板Quarter-deck 后甲板Quay 码头Quote 报价Ramp 跳板Ramp/hatch cover (跳板)舱口盖Rate 费率 Rate of demurrage 滞期费率Rate of discharge (discharging) 卸货率Rate of freight 运费率Rate of loading 装货Receiving dates 收货期间Recharter 转租Recovery agent 追偿代理Redelivery (redly) 还船Redelivery certificate 还船证书Refrigerated (reefer)container 冷藏集装箱Refrigerated (reefer) ship 冷藏船Register 登记，报到Register (registered) tonnage 登记吨位Registration 登记，报到Registro Italiano Navale (R.I.) 意大利船级社Release a bill of lading 交提单Release cargo 放货Remaining on board (R.O.B.) 船上所有Removable deck 活动甲板Reporting point ( calling-in-point) 报告点Reposition containers 调配集装箱Respondentia loan 船货抵押贷款Return cargo 回程货Return load 回程装载Reversible laytime 可调配的装卸时间Roads (roadstead) 港外锚地Rolling cargo 滚装货物Rolling hatch cover 滚动舱单Roll-on roll-off (Ro-ro) 滚上滚下Roll-on roll-off ship 滚装船Rotation 港序Round voyage 往返航次Round the world (service) (R.T.W.) 全球性服务Run aground 搁浅Running days 连续日Safe aground 安全搁浅Safe berth (s.b) 安全泊位Safe port (S.P) 安全港口Safe working load 安全工作负荷Safety radio-telegraphy certificate 无线电报设备安全证书Said to contain (s.t.c.) (提单术语)内货据称Sail 航行,离港Sailing schedule (card) 船期表Salvage charges 救助费Salvage agreement 救助协议Salve 救助Salvor 救助人Saturdays,Sundays and holidays excepted (S.S.H.E.X.) 星期六、日与节假日除外Saturdays,Sundays and holidays included (S.S.H.I.N.C) 星期六、日与节假日包括在内Scancon 斯堪人航次祖租船合同Scanconbill 斯堪人航次祖租船合同提单Scantlings 构件尺寸Special commodity quotation (SCQ) 特种商品报价Scrap terminal 废料场Single deck ship (s.d.) 单层甲板船Sea waybillSealSecure (to) 固定Segregated ballast tank 分隔压载水舱Self-sustaining ship 自备起重机的集装箱船Self-trimming ship (self-trimmer) 自动平舱船Self-unloader 自卸船Semi-trailer 半脱车Separation 隔票Service contract 服务合同Shears (shear-legs) 人字(起重)架Sheave 滑轮Shelter-deck 遮蔽甲板船Shift 工班Shift (to) 移泊，移位Shifting charges 移泊费Shipbroker 船舶经纪人Shipping 航运，船舶，装运Shipping instructions 装运须知Shipping line 航运公司Ship′s gear 船上起重设备Ship′s rail 船舷Ship′s tackle 船用索具Shipyard 造船厂Shore 货撑Shore gear 岸上设备(岸吊)Short sea 近海Short shipment 短装Shortage 短少Shortlanded cargo 短卸货物Shut out (to) 短装Side door container 侧门集装箱Side-loading trailer 侧向装卸拖车Similar sbustitue (sim.sub.) 相似替换船Single hatch ship 单舱船Sister ship 姐妹船Skid 垫木Skip 吊货盘Sliding hatch cover 滑动舱盖Sling 吊货索(链)环，吊起Slop tank 污水箱Slops 污水Slot 箱位Special equipment 特殊设备Specific gravity(s.g.) 比重Spiral elevator 螺旋式卸货机Spreader 横撐(集装箱吊具)Squat 船身下沉Starboard (side) 右舷Statement of facts 事实记录Stem 船艏，装期供货Stem a berth 预订泊位Stern 船尾Stevedore 装卸工人Stevedor′s (docker’s,hand) hook 手钩Stevedoring charges 装卸费用Stiff 稳性过大Stranding 搁浅Strengthened hold 加固舱Strike clause 罢工条款Strike-bound 罢工阻碍Strip (destuff) a container 卸集装箱Strip seal 封条Stuff (to) 装集装箱Sub-charterer 转租人Sub-freight 转租运费Subject (sub.) details 有待协商的细节Subject free (open) 待定条款Subject (sub.) stem 装期供货待定Subrogation 代位追偿权Substitue 替代船，替换Substitution 换船Suit time 起诉期Summer draught 夏季吃水Summer freeboard 夏季干舷Support ship 辅助船Tackle 索具(滑车)Tally 理货Tally clerk 理货员Tally sheet (book) 理货单Tank car 槽车Tank cleaning 油舱清洗Tank container 液体集装箱Tank terminal (farm) 油灌场Tanker 油轮Tariff 费率表Tarpaulin 油布Tender 稳性过小Terminal chassis 场站拖车Terminal handling charge 场站操作费Through rate 联运费率Tier limit (limitation) 层数限制Time bar 时效丧失Time charter 期租Time sheet 装卸时间表Tolerated outsider 特许非会员公司Tomming (down) 撑货Tones per centimeter (TPI) 每厘米吃水吨数Tones per day (TPD) 每天装卸吨数Tones per inch (TPI) 每英寸吃水吨数Top stow cargo 堆顶货Total deadweight (TDW) 总载重量Tracer (货物)查询单Tractor 牵引车Trading limits 航行范围Trailer 拖车Transfer (equipment handover) charge 设备租用费Transship (trans-ship) 转船Transhipment (transshipment,trans-shipment) 转船Transit cargo 过境货物Transporter crane 轨道式起重机Tray 货盘Trim 平舱Trim a ship 调整船舶吃水Tug 拖轮Turn round (around , or turnaround) time 船舶周转时间Turn time 等泊时间Tween deck 二层甲板Twin hatch vessel 双舱口船Two-way pallet 两边开槽托盘Ultra large crude carrier (ULCC) 超大型油轮Uncontainerable (uncontainerisable) cargo 不适箱货Under deck shipment 货舱运输Unit load 成组运输Unitisation 成组化Universal bulk carrier ( UBC) 通用散装货船Unload 卸货Unmoor 解揽Unseaworthiness 不适航Utilization 整箱货Valuation form 货价单Valuation scale 货价表Vehicle /train ferry 汽车/火车渡轮Ventilated container 通风集装箱Ventilation 通风Ventilator 通风器Vessel 船舶，船方Vessel sharing agreement (V.S.A.) 船舶共用协议Void filler 填充物Voyage account 航次报表Voyage (trip) charter 航次租船Waybill 货运单Weather permitting (w.p) 天气允许Weather working day 晴天工作日Weather-bound 天气阻挠With effect from (w.e.f) 自生效Weight cargo 重量货Weight or measure ( measurement) (W/M) 重量/体积Weight rated cargo 计重货物Well 货井，井区Wharf 码头Wharfage (charges) 码头费When where ready on completion of discharge (w.w. r c.d.) 何时何处还船Whether in berth or not (w.i.b.o.n.) 无论靠泊与否Whether in free pratique or not (w.i.f.p.o.n.) 无论是否通过检验Whether in port or not ( w.i.p.o.n.) 不论是否在港内White (clean, clean petroleum) products 精炼油Wide laycan 长销约期Workable (working) hatch 可工作舱口Working day 工作日Working day of 24 consecutive hours 连续24小时工作日Working day of 24 hours 24小时工作日Working time saved (w.t.s.) 节省的装卸时间Yard (shipyard) 造船厂International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 国际民用航空组织International Air Transport Association (IATA) 国际航空运输协会Scheduled Airline 班机运输Chartered Carrier 包机运输Consolidation 集中托运Air Express 航空快递Air Waybill 航空运单Master Air Waybill (MAWB) 航空主运单House Air Waybill (HAWB) 航空分运单Chargeable Weight 计费重量High density cargo 重货Low density cargo 轻货Specific Commodity Rates (SCR) 特种货物运价Commodity Classification Rates (CCR) 等价货物运价General Cargo Rates (GCR) 普通货物运价Unit Load Devices (ULD) 集装设备Construction Rate 比例运价Combination of Rate 分段相加运价Valuation Charges 声明价值费Declared value for Carriage 运输声明价值No value Declared (NVD) 不要求声明价值Declared value for Customs 海关声明价值No customs valuation (NCV) 无声明价值LOGISTICS 物流LOGISTICS INDUSTRY 物流产业LOGISTICS ACTIVITY 物流活动LOGISTICS OPERATION 物流作业LOGISTICS COST 物流成本LOGISTICS MODULUS 物流模数LOGISTICS CENTRE 物流中心LOGISTICS NETWORK 物流网络LOGISTICS ALLIANCE 物流联盟BUSINESS LOGISTICS 企业物流SOCIETAL LOGISTICS 社会物流THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS (TPL) 第三方物流LEAN LOGISTICS 精益物流VIRTUAL LOGISTICS 虚拟物流CUSTOMIZATION LOGISTICS 定制物流value-ADDED LOGISTICS SERVICE 增值物流服务SUPPLY CHAIN 供应链SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT(SCM) 供应链管理SUPPLY CHIAN INTEGRATION 供应链整合PHYSICAL PRODUCTION 产品配送INTEGRATED LOGISTICS 综合物流MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING (MRP I) 物料需求计划MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING (MRP II) 制造资源计划DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT PLANNING(DRP I) 配送需求计划DISTRIBUTION RESOURCE PLANNING (DRP II) 配送资源计划LOSGISTICS RESOURCE PLANNING (LRP) 物流资源计划ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) 企业资源计划QUICK RESPONSE (QR) 快速反应EFFICIENT CUSTOMER RESPONSE (ECR) 有效客户反应CONTINUOUS REPLENISHMENT PROGRAM (CRP) 连续补充库存计划COMPUTER ASSISTED ORDING(CAO) 计算机辅助订货系统VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY (VMI) 供应商管理库存ELECTRONIC ORDER SYSTEM (EOS) 电子订货系统ADVANCED SHIPPING NOTICE (ASN) 预先发货通知DIRECT STORE DELIVERY(DSD) 店铺直送POINT OF SALE(POS) 销售实点(信息)系统AUTOMATIC REPLENISHMENT (AR) 自动补货系统JUST IN TIME (JIT) 准时制OUTSOURCING 业务外包(外协，外购)INVENTORY CONTROL 存货控制WAREHOUSE 仓库BONDED WAREHOUSE 保税仓库AUTOMATIC WAREHOUSE 自动化仓库STEREOSCOPIC WAREHOUSE 立体仓库VIRTUAL WAREHOUSE 虚拟仓库WAREHOUSE LAYOUT 仓库布局WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (WMS) 仓库管理系统ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY(EOQ) 经济订货批量FIXED-QUANTITY SYSTEM(FQS) 定量订货方式FIXED-INTERVAL SYSTEM (FIS) 定期订货方式ABC CLASSIFICIATION ABC分类法DISTRIBUTION CENTRE(DC) 配送(分拨)中心CONTRACT LOGISTICS 合同物流FULL-SERVICE DISTRIBUTION COMPANY (FSDC) 全方位物流服务公司SAFETY STOCK 安全库存LEAD TIME 备货时间INVENTORY CYCLE TIME 库存周期CYCLE STOCK 订货处理周期CROSS DOCKING 交叉配送(换装)GOODS SHED 料棚GOODS STACK 货垛GOODS YARD 货场GOODS SHELF 货架PALLET 托盘STACKING 堆码SORTING 分拣ORDER PICKING 拣选GOODS COLLECTION 集货ASSEMBLY 组配DISTRIBUTION PROCESSING 流通加工ZERO INVENTORY 零库存value-ADDED NETWORK 增值网BAR CODE 条形吗OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION 光学文字识别ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) 电子数据交换RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) 无线射频GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) 全球定位系统GEORGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) 地理信息系统以下转载—您好！(见面打招呼)—How do you do ?(How are you ?)—Hello!—Hi!非常高兴见到您。
商务英语复习资料
2. delivery n 交货,/shipmenteffect delivery交货/make delivery交货take delivery提货e.g. We must insist on delivery within the time dated, and reserve the right to reject the goods, should they be delivered later.我们坚持在原定日期内交货，若迟交则保留拒收的权利e.g. Will you be able to deliver within 5 weeks of receipt of order?你方能否在收到订单后五周内交货？3. C.I.F.C3% 价格术语：成本保险加运费含佣金百分之三4. commission n 佣金明佣open commission/暗佣sleeping commission含我方佣金百分之三Our 3% commission / a commission of 3%inclusive of our 3% commissionincluding our commission of 3%两笔（或几笔）佣金— two items of commission / several items of commissione.g.In view of our long-standing business relationship, we would like to allow you another 2% commission for further promotion of our products.考虑到我们之间长期的.贸易关系，我们愿再给你方百分之二的佣金，以促进我方产品进一步扩大销售。
e.g. A commission of 5% will certainly help you in pushing your sales.百分之五的佣金肯定会有助于你们的销售。
比较难翻译的货运费用术语
N/R NOTICE OF READINES S装 卸准备就 绪通知书
NAABSA not always afloat but safely aground 不经常漂 浮但安全 坐浅 NAOCC Non Aircraft Operatin g Common Carrier 无航空器 公共承运 人 NAWB Neutral Air Waybill( forwarde rs Air Waybill) 货运代理 人空运分 运单 NGO non governme ntal organiza tion 非 官方组织
P&D pick up and delivery
P&I CLUB PROTECTI ON AND INDEMNIT Y CLUB 船东保赔 协会
P.& I. Protecti on and Indemnit y Associat ion 船东 保赔协会
P.& I. clause clause Protecti on and Indemnit y clause 保护和赔 偿条款
PM POST MERIDIEM =AFTERNO ON 下午
pmt prompt 即时的
POD port of discharg e 卸港
POL port of loading 装港 POR port of refuge 避难港
pp/ppd prepaid/ prepaid 预付 PRO RATA IN PROPORTI ON 按比 例(计算)
Para paragrap h 文章的 段或节
payt. payment 支付,赔 偿
PCF Panama Canal Transit Fee 巴拿马运 河费 PCS Port Congesti on Surcharg e 港口拥 挤费 PCT PERCENT 百分比
2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit4
Unit 4 The Joy of Work?I. New words and expressions New words1. blessing n. 好事；有益之事2. subsistence?n. 勉强维持生活；生计3. sugar cane n. 甘蔗4. corn n. 玉米5. hog n. 猪6. cash n. 现金7. dairy?adj. 乳品业的；生产乳品的n. 牛奶场；乳制品区分：dairy / diary8. complain?v. 抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚complaintcomplain to sb. about sth.complain of a splitting headache9. carpenter n. 木工；木匠10. committed?adj. 尽心尽力的：坚信的；坚定的commit an errorcommit a crimecommit suicidecommit oneself to (doing) sth.be committed to (doing) sth.commitment11. brick n. 砖；砖块12. hammer n. 锤子；榔头13. escort n. 护送者；护卫队14. remind v. 提醒；使想起15. victim?n. 受害者；牺牲品fall victim to sth.16. ideology?n. 意识形态：观念形态17. terrorism?n. 恐怖主义18. depression?n. 萧条期；经济衰退；不景气depressdepressed 沮丧的；萧条的19. unrest n. 动荡；动乱；骚动20. illegal?adj. 不合法的；非法的；违法的il是in的变体，否定前缀，再如：illogicalir, im都是in的变体，如：irregular, irresponsible, imbalanced, impossible, immobile21. immigrant n.（外来）移民；外侨22. trafficking?n. 非法交易；非法买卖c结尾的词变形时先加k，如trafficker, panicker, picnicker, trafficking, panicking 23. dealer?n. 贩毒者；毒品贩子deal in sth.car / drug dealerdeal with sth.24. gang n. 一帮，一群，一伙（闹事、斗殴的年轻人）25. contribute?v. 增加；增进；添加（到某物）26. quit?v. 停止；戒掉Phrases and Expressions1. bring in 赚得；挣2. eke out a living 竭力维持生计；勉强度日3. sink in?被完全理解；被充分意识到4. look forward to?（高兴地）盼望，期待5. over and over again 多次；反复地；一再6. be prepared for 准备好；有所准备7. believe in 认为某事好（对、可接受）II. Text LearningWork Is a Blessing①I grew up in Lakeland, Louisiana, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents' subsistence farm（自给自足的农场）. We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, chickens and had a large garden, but it didn't?bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning, and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.②In the kitchen one Saturday?before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, "Ya know, boy, to work is a blessing."③I looked at those two men who'd worked harder than I ever had - my father eking out a living on that farm, and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. (1)I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.（承上、总结的话）④Going to college was?a rare privilege?for a kid from Lakeland, Louisiana. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing, I'd always?look forwardto?my work. But he also added, "Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all." I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the?ROTC（美）后备军官训练队，预备役军官训练营（Reserve Officers' Training Corps）program to help?pay for college.?(2)And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.?本部分重点及难点：1. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in. 我有种感觉--父亲跟我说了一些确实重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解。
货代英语缩写
货代英语缩写Originally, a freight forwarder (货运代理人) was a commission agent (委托代理人) performing on behalf of (代表…) the exporter/importer routine tasks suchas loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport,obtaining payment for his customer, etc…However, the expansion of international trade and the development ofdifferent modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope ofhis services. Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role ininternational trade and transport. The services that a freight forwarder rendersmay often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space orcustoms clearance (清关) to a comprehensive package of services covering theChoose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier. 句子中的:carrier(承运人) 来自动词carry(运送,携带). 它的名词是carriage(运输,运输费).关于这个carriage 还可以解释运输费的情况, 还想再言几句:carriage 运输费:例如: carriage paid to ... (CPT, 运费付至…)carriage and Insurance Paid To ... (CIP, 运费、保险费付至…)carriage free (运费免付)carriage paid (运费已付)carriage forward (运费到付)freight 运输费(租用船只或飞机的费用, 尤其指水路运费:例如: freight prepaid (运费已付)freight collect (运费到付)句子:Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as theForwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport,etc.句中:12.1 比较说明下列句词:(1) take delivery of the goods and ... (即上句)(2) ... and deliver the goods to the carrier.deliver (及物动词vt.):原意是"递送, 交付(信件、包裹、货物等)至收件处、收件人或购货人等".上句(2)的意思当然就解释为"货交承运人"了.我们也就不难理解贸易术语中的D组术语:delivered duty unpaid (DDU, 未完税交货)delivered duty paid (DDP, 完税后交货) 的意思了delivery (名词n.)例如: delivery note (交货单)delivery receipt (送货单)delivery order (提货单, 它的缩写是D/O)take delivery of = receive (词组phr. 解释"收到,接收")值得注意的是: deliver(y) 和take delivery of 意思正好向左.(1) Study the provisions of the letter of credit and ...(provision = regulation, 稍侧重于clause)(2) ... and all Government regulations ...(regulation = provision,稍侧重于rule)be applicable tbe applicable to = be able to have an effect on sth. (适用于...)transit:transit 原意是"通过、运送、搬运"等意思.贸易上的解释见下例:transit trade = entrepot trade 转口贸易,过境贸易transit country 过境国,中转国.transit operations 运输过程goods delayed in transit: 运输中延误的货物(注意介词的搭配)句子: Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary.句中:例如: bonded warehouse 保税仓库warehousing = storage "仓库储存","仓储费"例如: warehousing and storage activities 仓储作业16. 句子:Draw the consignor’s attenti on to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor.句中:draw sb’s attention t 引起某人的注意, 相当于提醒货物代理人要提醒发货人注意是否需要货物保险(意译)的这半句有:A freight forwarder reminds the consignor to attend to the need forinsurance ...句子:Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.句中:句子: Pay fees and other charges including freight.句中:(1) fee (手续费):含义中有"为获得做某事的许可或为得到某种认可而支付的费用"例如: registration fee (注册费、登记费)membership fee (会费)(2) charge ("因服务而索取的"费用,与free of charge 相对)含义中有"购买某种服务时按规定价目所支付的费用"例如: collection charge (托收费)delivery charge (递送费)additional charge = surcharge (附加费)fumigation charge (熏蒸费)charges prepaid / charges forward (费用预付/费用到付)(3) expense (花费,耗费,开销)含义中有"当被认为有大量花费时",这个词不仅仅用在金钱上,还用在时间或精力的花费上:例如: medical expense (医药费)living expense (生活费)注意: 会计领域中使用这个词时,通常情况下以复数形式出现的机会较多.注意是通常情况:例如: operating expenses (营业费用,经营费用)travelling expenses (差旅费)selling expense (销售费用,没有"s")income taxes expense (所得税费用,没有"s")(4) -age (费,资)-age 是表示抽象名词的后缀.没有"费、资"的说法,但是下列这些词有"费、资"的解释:例如: postage (邮资) carriage (运费) storage (仓库费)句子: Arrange for transshipment en route if necessary.句中:transshipment:(1) 前缀"trans-" = to a changed state (转变、转移、转换)例如: transport, transplant (移植)(2) transhipment 的拼法是否正确呢? 严格地来说,并不正规.例如: transshipment additional (转船附加费)transshipment charge (转船费用)port of transshipment (中转港)19.2 en route:en route = on the way (在途中)这是一个单词,外来语,并非是两个单词或词组, 后通常接"for、to、from"例如: These containers were en route from shanghai to Los angeles.句子:Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad.我们这样看就简单多了: Monitor the movement of goods through contacts with the carrier.句子的其他部分再一点一点添加上去,句意就完整了.21. 我们把两句句子连在一起看:(1) Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods.(2) Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrierfor loss of the goods or for damage to them.damage:damage = harm or injury that causes loss of value (有"失去价值"的含义)例如: damage by fire (火损)damage by water (水损)damage certificate (残损证明书)damage to the goods (注意介词搭配)damaged goods (损坏了的货物)goods damaged in transit (...中受损的货物)loss: loss 这个词,词义很单纯, 解释"丧失,灭失",只是在字形上要把它和下列单词区分清楚:lose (动词)lost ( lose 的过去式, 过去分词, 或其他解释的形容词)loss (名词, 注意它的用法: loss of the goods)make/pursue a claim against sb for sth (就...向...提出赔偿):一提到claim, 保险和法律的味道比较浓, pursue 还有seek 的意思:(1) 保险领域的"索赔": claim clause (索赔条款)notice of claim (索赔通知)(2) 法律领域的(根据权利所提出的)"要求":claim for damage (要求损害赔偿)The forwarders, on behalf of the consignee (importer), would:Monitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight (支付运费), that is, the cargo.Receive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods.Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary, pay the freight cost (支付运费).Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.Arrange transit warehousing, if necessary.Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee.Assist the consignee, if necessary, in pursuing claims, if any, againstthe carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to them.Assist the consignee, if necessary, in warehousing and distribution.句子:Monitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo.句中:关于"货物"的词有这么一些,请辨析清楚:(1) cargo = goods (尤其是指船、飞机、车辆所载的)货物,运输行业的用语. 例如: sepcial cargoes (特殊货物)project cargoes (工程货物)container cargo (集装箱货物)general cargo (杂货、普通货物)(2) goods 这个词与passengers 相对应例如: the shipment of goods (货物运输)passenger transport (客运)(3) commodity (生活必需品,在经济领域中解释的商品)例如: household commodity (家庭用品)commodity inspection (商品检验)name of commodity = commodity name (品名)(4) merchandise (销售、贸易领域中所指的商品、货物)(5) article (它不象前面四个词那样的解释,即不是指商品或货物的总称,它的解释常常是"物品、物件、制品"等单件商品)例如: a bamboo article (竹器)three articles of luggage (三件行李)handmade articles (手工制品)句子:Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to thecustoms and other public authorities.句中:duty (税,税收)customs duty (海关税)excise duties (消费税)stamp duties (印花税)duty-free goods (免税商品)authority 和association(1) authority 作为名词,而且以复数的形式出现时:例如: the health authorities 解释"当局、权威机构"实际上,以译成"机构、机关、管理局、委员会"等比较合理(2) association 解释"社团、协会、学会、联盟"等例如: China International Freight Forwarders Association(CIFA)International Federation of Feight Forwarders AssociationScope of Freight Forwarding ServicesOriginally, a freight forwarder (货运代理人) was a commission agent (委托代理人) performing on behalf of (代表…) the exporter/importer routine tasks suchas loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport,obtaining payment for his customer, et c…However, the expansion of international trade and the development ofdifferent modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope ofhis services. Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role ininternational trade and transport. The services that a freight forwarder rendersmay often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space orcustoms clearance (清关) to a comprehensive package of services covering thetotal transportation and distribution process.课文理解：1. 核心句子：… a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of theexporter/importer routine tasks …这句句子很长,一段就是一句.不过,作者无非想表达这样一个意思:货运代理人是进出口商的委托代理人,提供这样或那样的服务. 句子显然含有一个定语从句, 其他的结构是帮助起修饰、说明作用的.1.1 performing = doing (a piece of work)1.2 on behalf of the exporter/importer = on exporter’s or importer’s behalf =as representative of exporter/importer1.3 routine tasks (日常工作,日常事务)这里我们不能用work 替代task , 其原因是:task: 可数名词, 一般是指较为困难、辛苦的工作, 正好和routine tasks后面such as 的例子统一起来.work: 不可数名词, 工作的意思则较为笼统、广泛.句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:1.4 originally = from the beginning1.5 such as loading/unloading of goods … = such as loading/unloading of goods for his customer. 下面三个结构如同本结构.2. 核心句子：… A and B enlarged the scope of his service. 句子中:A 是指the expansion of international trade (国际贸易的扩大)B 是指the development of different modes of transport (不同运输模式的发展)2.1 enlarge = make or become larger.A andB make the scope of freight forwarding services larger“ en- + ad j. = v. ” 是enlarge 这个词的结构, 由前缀"en-"和形容词"large"构成. “ en- + adj. = v. ” 这样的例子还有: enable, enrich句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:2.2 over the years that followed (意译): 在以后的几年里面3. 句子：Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and transport. 在句子中:3.1 today = at the present time, 课文里不解释今天.3.2 play a role: 扮演角色, 可以引申为起着…的作用.4. 核心句子：The services …may often range from … to…好像很难理解, 我们先举一个简单的例子看看:price ranging from USD5 to USD10 (从5美元到10美元的各种价格)price ranging between USD5 and USD10 (5美元到10美元之间的各种价格) range 的意思是”在…范围内变化”, 后面的搭配可以是from…to…, 也可以是between…and… 于是, 我们发现:例句中的USD5 = 课文中的routine and basic tasks … ,例句中的USD10 = 课文中的a comprehensive package of services …句子中其他解释的地方还有:4.1 routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance the booking of space (舱位的预订)customs clearance (海关清结关)4.2 a comprehensive package of services …a package of (意译:一揽子) package有的时候具有比喻的意味和用法,课文中的情况就是这样.comprehensive (综合性的、广泛的、全面的、详尽的) ,看来这个短语应该翻译成"综合性的一揽子服务方案"比较妥帖.4.3 The services that a freight forwarder rendersrender (及物动词) = offer, provide. 这是一句定语从句.说明提供这些订舱、报关、全程运输、分拨等服务的来源4.4 … covering the total …cover = include, consist of, take into account(包括, 涉及, 可以引申为"关于"解, 相当于about )4.5 the total transportation and distribution process上面课文中有这样一个结构: …in international trade and transport, 那么transport 和transportation 有何区别呢?实际上是一样的,我们也可以说成…in international trade and transportation 或the total transport and … 文章中这样安排的原因,我认为只是为了保持前后结构统一(参见and前后的下划线).如果硬要把它们加以区别, 其答案是: transportation 是美国人常用的词汇,而transport 则是英国人常用的词汇5. 段落小结：第一、第二两个自然段是本文的第一层意思:我们注意到了这样一些副词：originally......however......today......通过这些副词的贯穿，我们了解了Unless the consignor(发货人), the person sending goods, or the consignee(收货人), the person receiving goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and documentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved. The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. He is also expected to utilize, in this connection, the services of his overseas agents. Briefly, these services are:6.1 unless 一句我们可以先简化成:Unless the consignor wants to attend to formalities himself, …= If the consignor does not attend to formalities himself, …6.1.1 只有当unless 解释成“ 如果不” 的时候, 它才可以和if not 互换句型.因此, 我们不能随随便便地把unless 翻译成“除非” 或者“如果不”6.1.2 attend(1) 及物动词. 解释“出席, 参加” 例如: attend a meeting(2) 不及物动词, 介词的固定搭配往往是to. 解释“注意, 专心, 专注”例如: attend to one’s work(3) 其名词形式. attention 例如: pay attention to(4) 其形容词形式. attentive 介词的搭配还是to6.1.3 the procedural and documentary formalities(1) the procedural formalities (程序上的手续)procedural 形容词, “程序上的”procedure 名词, “程序,步骤,过程”(2) the documentary formalities (单证上的手续)documentary 形容词, “单证上的”documentary 一词在金融、贸易领域用得比较多,例如: documentary draft (跟单汇票)document 名词或动词, “单证, 为......提供单证”(3) formality (正式的手续, 通常用名词的复数形式表示)the customs formalities (海关手续)go through due formalities (经过正式手续)句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:6.1.4 句末的himself 解释“亲自”, 有强调主语或突出主语行为的作用.我们可以这样理解: 如果发货人或收货人不想自己亲自去办理那些繁杂手续的话…6.2 it is ...... 一句我们可以先简化成:... it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movementof goods...6.2.1 it + be + 被强调成分+ that / who ...是强调结构所谓强调结构就是句子当中要特别强调"被强调成分", 这里特别强调the freight forwarder, 字面翻译也往往加上“正是,就是”6.2.2 undertake to do sth. = agree to do sth. = promise sb sth.6.2.3 process 这里,我们和这个process 打交道不是头一回了:(1) process 名词.process = series of operations deliberately unertaken例如: distribution process(2) process 动词.process = to prepare and examine in details例如: process the movement of goods我们注意到不管这个process 解释"程序"也好, 还是解释"准备,处置"也罢, 在它的英文解释中都含有审慎的意思. 有的时候中文也有言不达意的地方. 句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:... through the various stages involved.6.2.4 the various stages = a different period / part in a course of action 6.2.5 involve 在做动词时有许多解释:(1) 使...陷入,拖累(2) 包围,笼罩(3) 包括,包含,含有: 我以为第三个含义比较符合课文中的意思7. 句子:The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. 在句子中:7.1 我们知道contract 是合同的意思, 其:后缀-or : 执行或做出...的人或物, contractor 是指订约人或承包人.前缀sub- : sub- 也有很多意思有"under" 的意思, 我们最熟悉的submarine (潜水艇)subway(地铁)有附属的、次要、分、支的意思, 如课文中的subcontract 分包合同, 转包合同(把承包的工作一部分或全部转包给第三者而签订的合同)subcontractor 承约人,转包商,次承包者subagent 副代理人subcontinent 次大陆subsonic 亚音速subroutine 子程序7.2 关于这个through :前句中: ... through the various stages involved.这个through = from the beginning to the end of"自始至终"的意味浓烈(尤指时间、过程)本句中: ... through subcontractors or other agencies empolyed by him. 这个through 是比较常见的用法,through = by means of / by way of (指方法、手段)through = as a result of, because of (指原因、理由)8. 句子:He is also expected to utilize, in this connection, the services of hisoverseas agents. 在句子中:8.1 utilize = make use of, find a use for 动词其名词有两个: utility (实用,效用) utilization (利用)其形容词: utilizable9. 这些his 到底指谁?(1) it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf ......his = consignor''''''''''''''''s or consignee''''''''''''''''s(2) ... through subcontractor or other agencies employed by him.him = a freight forwarder(3) He is also expected to utilize,...He = a freight forwarder(4) ... in this connection, the services of his overseas agents.his = a freight forwarder''''''''''''''''s10. 句子: Briefly, these services are: 在句子中:briefly = shortly, in a few words 是"简略地说,简概地说" 的意思货运代理人的概念，并通过货运代理服务范围的演变，对其服务范围基本上有了一个大概的印象. The forwarders, on behalf of the consignor ( exporter ), would: Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier.Book space with the selected carrier.Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders’Certificate of Receipt (货运代理收货证书), the Forwarders’ Certificate ofTransport (货运代理运输证书), etc.Study the provisions of the letter of credit (信用证) and all Governmentregulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export,the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepareall the necessary documents.Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, thenature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country ofexport, transit countries and country of destination.Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary.Weigh and measure the goods.Draw the consignor’s attention to the need for insurance and arrange for theinsurance of goods, if required by the consignor.Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, relateddocumentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.Attend to foreign exchange transactions (外汇交易), if any.Pay fees and other charges including freight.Obtain the signed bills of lading (提单) from the carrier andarrange delivery to the consignor.Arrange for transshipment (转载,转运) en route if necessary.Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contactswith the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad.Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods.Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss ofthe goods or for damage to them.11. 句子:Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier. 句子中的:carrier(承运人) 来自动词carry(运送,携带). 它的名词是carriage(运输,运输费). 关于这个carriage 还可以解释运输费的情况, 还想再言几句:carriage 运输费:例如: carriage paid to ... (CPT, 运费付至…)carriage and Insurance Paid To ... (CIP, 运费、保险费付至…)carriage free (运费免付)carriage paid (运费已付)carriage forward (运费到付)freight 运输费(租用船只或飞机的费用, 尤其指水路运费:例如: freight prepaid (运费已付)freight collect (运费到付)12. 句子:Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport,etc.句中:12.1 比较说明下列句词:(1) take delivery of the goods and ... (即上句)(2) ... and deliver the goods to the carrier. (课本第 2 页第8 行)deliver (及物动词vt.):原意是"递送, 交付(信件、包裹、货物等)至收件处、收件人或购货人等".上句(2)的意思当然就解释为"货交承运人"了.我们也就不难理解贸易术语中的D组术语:delivered duty unpaid (DDU, 未完税交货)delivered duty paid (DDP, 完税后交货) 的意思了delivery (名词n.)例如: delivery note (交货单)delivery receipt (送货单)delivery order (提货单, 它的缩写是D/O)take delivery of = receive (词组phr. 解释"收到,接收")值得注意的是: deliver(y) 和take delivery of 意思正好向左.我们再来关注下面的句子，看看这些字词在应用上是否有点启发？这些句子都是课文和练习当中的喔, 没有想到吧,好好找找吧.还有多多关注介词搭配:(1) Obtain the bill of lading and arrange delivery to the consignor.(2) Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance,deliver the goods to the carrier(3) The freight forwarder may take delivery of the goods from thecarrier.12.2 比较说明下列句词:(1) take delivery of the goods and and issue relevant documents suchas ... (即上句)(2) ... related documentation formalities and ... (课本第 2 页第7 行)句子中的: relevant = related = connected (意译:相关的).作者为避免重复,所以选择不同的形容词表述.12.3 issue:issue = to bring out (esp. sth printed and/or offical) forthe notice of the public.原意是"发行、发布、发表",从英文字面的解释中还可以看出,发行的是"已印制好了的,官方的"文件.这里,我们往往将它意译成"签发"13. 句子:Study the provisions of the letter of credit (信用证) and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export,the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents.句中:13.1 study:study 在这里是解释“学习”吗？要解决这个问题, 还真先要从另外一个单词learn 入手:learn 的含义: 是从他人的教授中获得知识或技能.例如: He is learning English.study 的含义: 是做学问,研究. 课文中的study 正是此意.例如: He is studying logistics (他是搞物流的,他是研究物流的)13.2 比较说明下列句词:(1) Study the provisions of the letter of credit and ...(provision = regulation, 稍侧重于clause)(2) ... and all Government regulations ...(regulation = provision,稍侧重于rule)13.3 be applicable to:be applicable to = be able to have an effect on sth. (适用于...)13.4 transit:transit 原意是"通过、运送、搬运"等意思.贸易上的解释见下例:transit trade = entrepot trade 转口贸易,过境贸易transit country 过境国,中转国.transit operations 运输过程goods delayed in transit: 运输中延误的货物(注意介词的搭配)14. 句子:Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit countries and country of destination.句中:14.1 take into account:take sth into account = take account of sth = consider三个结构,一个意思:对某事加以考虑,加以关注.14.2 注意以下一些插入语:(1) ... the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, ...(2) Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary.(课本第 2 页第 3 行)(3) ... arrange for the insurance of goods, if required...(课本第 2 页第 6 行)if any 如果有的话if necessary = if required 如果有必要的话15. 句子: Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary.句中:我们经常能看到warehouse 一词,那么, warehousing 到底指什么？warehouse = store "仓库,货栈"例如: bonded warehouse 保税仓库warehousing = storage "仓库储存","仓储费"例如: warehousing and storage activities 仓储作业课文中只能解释"仓储",因为只有这个解释才配得上前面的arrange,你认为如何?16. 句子:D raw the consignor’s attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor.句中:draw sb’s attention to: 引起某人的注意, 相当于提醒货物代理人要提醒发货人注意是否需要货物保险(意译)的这半句有:A freight forwarder reminds the consignor to attend to the need for insurance ...17. 句子:Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.句中:17.1 关于relate :(1) ... related documentation formalities and ...(2) The forwarder should check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods.(中译英第 6 题:教材p9 / 练习题答案: 教材p214 )通过这道习题,我们对12.2中relevant 和related 的含义有了更深刻的印象了.在上句(2)中,我们还关注到这样一个问题:relate to ... (动词v.)have relation to ... (名词n.)be relative to ... (形容词adj.) 都解释"与...有关"17.2 documentation:这个名词一般很少用到. 它表示的是一个抽象的概念. 意思是"文件的提供", 很拗口,也不懂.换种思维,这里是名词作形容词用.我们倒不如把它当"提供单证上的"来理解吧.18. 句子: Pay fees and other charges including freight.句中:我们如何区分这些“费用”呢?(1) fee (手续费):含义中有"为获得做某事的许可或为得到某种认可而支付的费用"例如: registration fee (注册费、登记费)membership fee (会费)(2) charge ("因服务而索取的"费用,与free of charge 相对)含义中有"购买某种服务时按规定价目所支付的费用"例如: collection charge (托收费)delivery charge (递送费)additional charge = surcharge (附加费)fumigation charge (熏蒸费)charges prepaid / charges forward (费用预付/费用到付)(3) expense (花费,耗费,开销)含义中有"当被认为有大量花费时",这个词不仅仅用在金钱上,还用在时间或精力的花费上:例如: medical expense (医药费)living expense (生活费)注意: 会计领域中使用这个词时,通常情况下以复数形式出现的机会较多.注意是通常情况:例如: operating expenses (营业费用,经营费用)travelling expenses (差旅费)selling expense (销售费用,没有"s")income taxes expense (所得税费用,没有"s")(4) -age (费,资)-age 是表示抽象名词的后缀.没有"费、资"的说法,但是下列这些词有"费、资"的解释:例如: postage (邮资) carriage (运费) storage (仓库费)19. 句子: Arrange for transshipment en route if necessary.句中:19.1 transshipment:(1) 前缀"trans-" = to a changed state (转变、转移、转换)例如: transport, transplant (移植)(2) transhipment 的拼法是否正确呢? 严格地来说,并不正规.例如: transshipment additional (转船附加费)transshipment charge (转船费用)port of transshipment (中转港)19.2 en route:en route = on the way (在途中)这是一个单词,外来语,并非是两个单词或词组, 后通常接"for、to、from"例如: These containers were en route from shanghai to Los angeles.20. 句子:Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad.我们这样看就简单多了: Monitor the movement of goods through contacts with the carrier.句子的其他部分再一点一点添加上去,句意就完整了.21. 我们把两句句子连在一起看:(1) Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods.(2) Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrierfor loss of the goods or for damage to them.21.1 damage:damage = harm or injury that causes loss of value (有"失去价值"的含义)例如: damage by fire (火损)damage by water (水损)damage certificate (残损证明书)damage to the goods (注意介词搭配)damaged goods (损坏了的货物)goods damaged in transit (...中受损的货物)21.2 loss: loss 这个词,词义很单纯, 解释"丧失,灭失",只是在字形上要把它和下列单词区分清楚:lose (动词)lost ( lose 的过去式, 过去分词, 或其他解释的形容词)loss (名词, 注意它的用法: loss of the goods)21.3 make/pursue a claim against sb for sth (就...向...提出赔偿):一提到claim, 保险和法律的味道比较浓, pursue 还有seek 的意思:(1) 保险领域的"索赔": claim clause (索赔条款)notice of claim (索赔通知)(2) 法律领域的(根据权利所提出的)"要求":claim for damage (要求损害赔偿)The forwarders, on behalf of the consignee (importer), would:Monitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight (支付运费), that is, the cargo.Receive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods.Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary, pay the freight cost (支付运费).Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.Arrange transit warehousing, if necessary.Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee.Assist the consignee, if necessary, in pursuing claims, if any, againstthe carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to them.Assist the consignee, if necessary, in warehousing and distribution.22. 句子:Monitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo.句中:关于"货物"的词有这么一些,请辨析清楚:(1) cargo = goods (尤其是指船、飞机、车辆所载的)货物,运输行业的用语. 例如: sepcial cargoes (特殊货物)project cargoes (工程货物)container cargo (集装箱货物)general cargo (杂货、普通货物)(2) goods 这个词与passengers 相对应例如: the shipment of goods (货物运输)passenger transport (客运)(3) commodity (生活必需品,在经济领域中解释的商品)例如: household commodity (家庭用品)commodity inspection (商品检验)name of commodity = commodity name (品名)(4) merchandise (销售、贸易领域中所指的商品、货物)(5) article (它不象前面四个词那样的解释,即不是指商品或货物的总称,它的解释常常是"物品、物件、制品"等单件商品)例如: a bamboo article (竹器)three articles of luggage (三件行李)handmade articles (手工制品)23. 句子:Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to thecustoms and other public authorities.句中:23.1 duty (税,税收)customs duty (海关税)excise duties (消费税)stamp duties (印花税)duty-free goods (免税商品)23.2 authority 和association(1) authority 作为名词,而且以复数的形式出现时:例如: the health authorities 解释"当局、权威机构"实际上,以译成"机构、机关、管理局、委员会"等比较合理(2) association 解释"社团、协会、学会、联盟"等例如: China International Freight Forwarders Association(CIFA)International Federation of Feight Forwarders Association(FIATA)24. 句子: Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee.我们在教材p13 的第12 行中发现有这样一个注释:clear the goods for export (办理货物出口的清关手续)那么本句中的cleared goods 意思就很清楚了: "已清关的货物"25. 段落小结：从课文的第三自然段开始到最后是课文的第二层次,也是文章的中心所在.通过The forwarders, on behalf of the consignor (exporter), would:和The forwarders, on behalf of the consignee (importer), would: 两句句子,作者把freight forwarder 的服务范围理得清清楚楚,道得明明白白.他采用罗列的形式逐条说明, 让读者感觉思路清晰,紧扣主题.In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 1936“. Later amendments and additions were mad e to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices. The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000“, which include 13 different international trade terms.Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations. They specify at which point the risk of loss and / or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and。
2023年国际货运代理从业人员资格考试国际货代英语
全国国际货运代理从业人员资格考试（国际货代英语）试卷及答案答案：一、单项选择.1.D.2.B.3.B.4.B.5.A.6.B.7.D.8.C.9.A.10.B.11.D.12.B.13.B.14.C.15.B.16.B.17.A;18.B.19.B.20.C.二、判断.1.F.2T.3.F.4.T.5.T.6.T.7.T.8.F.9.T.10.T.11.T.12.F.13.F.14.F.15.F.16.T.17..18.T.19.F.20.F.三、多选.（每题2分，共20分）1.ABC.2.BD.3.ABCD.4.AD.5.AB.6.AD.7.AB.8.BC.9.ABC.10.BC.四、英汉互译.（每题1分，共20分）1．英译汉(1)清关（通关）；(2)一般货品（件杂货、杂货、一般货品）；(3)保险费；(4)分批装运（分批装船）；(5)港口拥挤附加费；(6)装货单（装运单、下货纸）；(7)等级运价（等级费率、等级货品运价）；(8)跟单信用证统一通例.(9)集装箱货运站；(10)保函（保证函）。
2．汉译英(1)shippin.document（transpor.document,transportatio.document,shipmen.document）.(2)transshipmen.additional.(3) Ai.Waybill.(4)particula.average;(5)inheren.vice.(6)internationa.trade.(7)constructiv.tota.loss.(8)no tic.o.readiness.(9)custom.formalities.(10)carriag.o.good.b.road（nd）五、英文单证操作.（20分）(1)Chin.XY.impor.an.expor.corp..(2.t.orde..(3.UV.corporation.;(4.Golde.Star.018E.(5.Qingdao.(6.Osaka.(7.GSTU3156712/20’.(8.ITOCH.OSAK.NO.1-800.(9)(on.containe.contents.80.Cartons(CTS).(10.100.Cotto.Towel.(11..KGS;.(12)freigh.prepaid.(13.Qin gdao.Octobe.14...(14.Three(3).(15)BB.shippin.agenc.a.agen.fo.AA.shippin.Co.a.carrier;(1.Chin.XY.impor.an.expor.corp.;(2.100.Cotto.Towel.(3)USD9900;(4.coverin.th.Institut.Carg.Cla use.(A).th.Institut.Wa.Clauses.(5.Octobe.14.。
2023年国际货运代理常用英语
国际货运代理有关英语体现（上）Unit 11. freight forwarder 货运代理人2. letter of credit 信用证3. the mode of transport 运送模式4. freight cost 运费5. the Forwarder’s Certificate of Receipt 货运代理人收货证明书6. the Forwarder’s Certificate of Transport 货运代理人运送证明书7. container cargo 集装箱货品8. foreign exchange trading 外汇交易9. exporting strategy 出口战略10. cargo transportation 货品运送11. customs clearance 清关12. commission agent 委托代理人13. country of transshipment 转运国14. movements of goods 货品运送15. shipping space 舱位16. a bill of lading 提单17. transit country 转口国18. trade terms 贸易条款19. general cargo 杂货20. special cargoes 特殊货品21. a comprehensive package of service 全面旳一揽子服务22. trade contract 贸易协议23. relevant documents 有关单据24. take delivery of the goods 提货Unit 2.1. FOB (FREE ON BOARD) 船上交货2. CIP (COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT) 运费，保费付至3. CFR (COST AND FREIGHT ) 成本加运费4. FCA (FREE CARRIER) 货交承运人5. CPT (CARRIAGE PAID TO) 运费付至6. CIF (COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT) 成本，保费加运费7. insurance premium 保险费8. multi-modal transport 多式联运9. inland waterway transport 内河运送10. amendment 修改11. carrier 承运人12. ICC- International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会13. Incoterms 国际贸易术语通则14. insurance policy 保险单15. packing costs 包装费用16. transfer of risks 风险转移17. ship’s rail 船舷18. clear the goods for export 办理货品出口清关手续19. sea transport 海运20. the named of shipment 指定装运港21. exchange control 外汇控制22. seller’s premise 卖方所在地23. the named port of destination 指定目旳港Unit 31. time of shipment 装船时间2. partial shipment 分批装运3. transshipment 转船4. shipping documents 运送单据5. ports of call 停靠港6. expiry date 有效期7. obligation 责任，义务8. terms of shipment 装运条款9. presentation of documents 交单10. remittance 汇付11. UCP-Uniform Customs and Practice of Documentary Credit, Icc Publication N500,1993 《跟单信用证统一通例》国际商会第500号出版物12. liner transport 班轮运送13. sailing schedule 船期表14. dispatch money 速遣费15. bunker surcharge 燃油附加费16. shipping by chartering 租船运送17. liner freight tariff 班轮运价表18. weight ton 重量吨19. measurement ton 尺码吨20. transshipment additional 转船附加费21. port of loading 装运港22. shipment date 装运有效期23. the latest date fro shipment 最迟装运期Unit 4.1. insurable interest 保险利益原则2. utmost good faith 最大诚信原则3. indemnity 赔偿原则4. Insurance certificate 保险凭证5. Endorsement 批单6. PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses 中国人民保险企业海上货品运送保险条款7. Constructive total loss 推定全损8. general average 共同海损9. With Particular Average/ With Average 水渍险10. the subject matter insured 保险标旳11. Natural Calamities 自然灾害12. particular average 单独海损13. bulk cargo 散货14. insurance broker 保险经纪人15. inherent vice 内在缺陷16. actual total loss 实际全损17. the insure 保险人18. the insured 被保险人19. heavy weather 恶劣天气20. Free of Particular Average 平安险21. in transit 运送中22. All risks 一切险23. partial loss 部分损失24. War Risks 战争险25. Perils of the sea 海上风险26. insurance coverage 承保范围27. salvage charges 救济费用28. theft, pilferage &non-delivery risks 盗窃提货不着险29. fresh water and/or rain damage risks 淡水雨淋险30. shortage risks 短量险31. intermixture and contamination risks 混杂，玷污险32. leakage risks 渗漏险33. clash and breakage risks 碰损，破碎险34. taint of odour risks 串味险35. sweat and heating risks 受潮，受热险36. hook damage risks 钩损险37. breakage of packing risks 包装，破裂险38. rust risks 锈损险39. grounding 坐浅40. overturn 翻船41. port of distress 避难港42. volcanic eruption 火山爆发43. consideration 对价44. tsunami 海啸45. strand 搁浅Unit 51. carriage of goods by sea 海上货品运送2. endorsement 背书，签注3. mate’s receipt 大副收据，收货单4. shipping conference 班轮公会5. shipping documents 货运单证，船运单据6. shipper 托运人7. tariff 运价表8. containerization 集装箱化9. manifest 舱单10. liner service 班轮运送11. tramp service 不定期船运送12. trans-shipment paint 转运地13. freight rate 运费率14. tariff rate 运费表15. freight manifest 运费清单16. shipping note 托运单17. shipping order 装货单18. port authorities 港务局19. supply and demand 供求20. conference lines 班轮公会航线21. non-conference lines 非班轮公会航线22. non-vessel operating common carries(NVOCC) 无营运船公共承运人23. common carrier 公共承运人24. sea waybill 海运单25. a document of title 物权凭证26. stowage plan 积载图27. international trade 国际贸易28. shipping market 航运市场29. delivery order 提货单30. contract of carriage 货品运送协议31. pattern of international trade 国际贸易方式32. receipt of goods 货品收据33. scheduled service 定期航运34. trade routes 贸易路线35. member lines 会员企业36. price competition 运价竞争37. pose a challenge to 对……提出了挑战38. be attributable to 可归因于39. come to terms with 达到协议40. non-negotiable document 不可流通单证Unit61. bank draft 银行汇票2. documentary credit 跟单信用证3. issuing bank 开证行4. negotiating bank 议讨银行5. terms of the credit 信用证条款6. methods of payment 付款方式7. electronic data processing 电子数据处理8. interest rate 利息率9. an irrevocable confirmed L/C 不可撤销旳，保兑旳使用证10. blank bill of lading 不记名提单11. title to the goods 货品所有权12. straight bill of lading 记名提单13. order bills of lading 指示提单14. on-board bill of lading 已装船提单15. received-for-shipment bill of lading 备运提单16. clean bill of lading 清洁提单17. foul bill of lading 不清洁提单18. direct bill of lading 直达提单19. transshipment bill of lading 转船提单20. through bill of lading 联运提单21. long form bill of lading 全式提单22. short form bill of lading 略式提单Unit 71. bale/or grain capacity 包装容积2. time chartering 定期租船3. bareboat chartering 光船租船4. NYPE-The New York Produce Exchange Time Charter 土产格式5. hire/purchase contract 租购协议6. Voyage chartering 航次租船7. Grain capacity 散装容积8. Time charter on trip basis 航次期租9. Contract of afreightment 包运协议10. TCT-Trip Chartering 航次期租11. Operating expense 经营费用12. charter party 租船协议13. nautical operation 航行操作14. maintenance of the vessel 船舶维修15. supervision of the cargo 货品监管16. Gencon form 金康格式17. payment of hire 支付租金18. a designated manned ship 一艘特定旳配置船员旳船19. maintenance of the vessel 船舶维修20. trading limits 航区限制21. BIMCO 波罗地海国际航运协会22. BALTIME form-Baltime Uniform Time Charter Party波尔旳姆统一定期租船协议23. BARECON form-The BARECON Standard Bare boat Charter贝尔康原则光船租船协议Unit 81.contract of affreightment /contract of carriage (COA)货品运送协议2.insufficient packing 包装不良3.international sales of goods 国际货品销售4.negotiable document 可转让单据5.shipped bills of lading 已装船提单6.shipping company 船企业7.ship’s name 船名8.short shipment 短装9.carrier 承运人10.shipper 托运人11.endorsement in blank 空白背书12.special endorsement 记名背书13.transfer of bill of lading 提单转让14.holder of bill of lading 提单持有人15.anti-dated bill of lading 倒签提单16.advanced bill of lading 预借提单17.received for shipment bill of lading 收货待运提单18.multi-modal/combined/intermodal bill of lading 多式联运提单19.through/transshipment bill of lading 海洋联运提单Unit 91. pre-printed form 预订格式2. freight and other charges 运费和其他费用3. letter of credit transactions 信用证交易4. Arrival Notice 到货告知5. letter of indemnity 保函6. Cargo’s apparent order and condition 货品外表状态7. original bill of lading 正本提单8. Notify Party 告知方9. paramount Clause 首要条款10. Unknown clause 不知条款11. Jurisdiction clause 管辖权12. Refrigerated cargo clause 冷藏货条款13. bulk cargo clause 散装货条款14. port of discharging 卸货港15. shipping mark 运送标志16. EDI-Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据互换17. seaworthiness 适航18. cargo worthiness 适货19. copy 副本20. full set 全套1. liner freight rate 班轮运费率2. stowage factor 积载因数3. break bulk cargo 杂货，散件货品4. bunker adjustment factor (BAF) 燃油价风格整因数5. currency adjustment factor (CAF) 货币贬值调整因数6. ocan freight rate 海运运费率7. ocan freight 海运运费8. liner operator 班轮营运人9. maintenance 维护保养10. surcharge 附加费11. stores 物料12. tramp rate 不定期船运费率13. fixed costs 固定成本14. variable costs 可变成本15. adjustment factors 调整因数16. port congestion surcharges 港口拥挤附加费17. conference tariff 公会运价表18. non-conference tariff 非公会运价表19. freight prepaid 预付运费20. freight to collect 到付运费21. bilateral tariff 双边运价表22. freight agreement 运价协议23. heavy lift additional 超重附加费国际货运代理有关英语体现（下）Unit 101. liner freight rate 班轮运费率2. stowage factor 积载因数3. break bulk cargo 杂货，散件货品4. bunker adjustment factor (BAF) 燃油价风格整因数5. currency adjustment factor (CAF) 货币贬值调整因数6. ocean freight rate 海运运费率7. ocean freight 海运运费8. liner operator 班轮营运人9. maintenance 维护保养10. surcharge 附加费11. stores 物料12. tramp rate 不定期船运费率13. fixed costs 固定成本14. variable costs 可变成本15. adjustment factors 调整因数16. port congestion surcharges 港口拥挤附加费17. conference tariff 公会运价表18. non-conference tariff 非公会运价表19. freight prepaid 预付运费20. freight to collect 到付运费21. bilateral tariff 双边运价表22. freight agreement 运价协议23. heavy lift additional 超重附加费Unit 111. Entry Inwards 进口报关单2. Entry Outwards 出口报关单3. Export Declaration 出口申报单4. Import Manifest 进口舱单5. Inward Permit 进口许可证6. Bill of Entry 报关单7. Crew list 船员名单8. Customs clearance 结关（证书）9. Customs Declaration 海关申报10. Export Manifest 出口舱单11. customs tariff 关税税则12. customs examination 海关检查13. bonded warehouse 保税仓库14. port clearance 结关单15. procedural and documentary details 程序和文献旳细则16. customs invoice 海关发票17. goods (held ) in the bond 保税货品18. customs frontier 关境19. customs broker 报关行20. customs drawback 海关退税21. health certificate （检疫）健康证书22. load line 载重线23. Outward Export Permit 进口许可证24. packaging list 包装单25. policy of insurance 保险单26. safety equipment 安全设备27. safety radio telegraphy 安全无线电报28. stores list 物料清单29. Shipping Bill 出口货品明细单；装船告知单Unit 121. limitation of liability 责任范围限制2. intermodal transport 多式联运3. inherent vice 固有缺陷4. long haul 长途运送5. carriage of goods by road 国内经济6. rail transport 铁路运送7. road transport 公路运送8. consignor 发货人9. distribution 分发，赔销10. domestic economy 国内经济11. Conventional de Merchandises PAR Routes (CMR) 国际公路货品运送协议公约12. railway consignment note 铁路托运单13. cash on delivery 现款交货14. railway advice 铁路货运告知单15. carriage of goods by road 公路货品运送16. free on rail 铁路交货价17. special marks 特殊标识18. railroad bill of lading 铁路货运提单19. right of disposal 处置权Unit 131. combined transport 合并运送2. carrying capacity 运载能力3. international forwarder 国际货运代理4. freight charges 货品运费5. consolidation services 合并运送服务6. tariff rates 关税率7. cargo transportation 货品运送8. groupage transport 合并运送9. full container load 整箱货10. container freight station 集装箱货运站11. Master Ocean Bill of Lading 船长海运提单12. marine division 航运处13. House Bill of Lading 货运代理提单14. unloading port 卸货港15. general cargo 杂货16. inland waterway 内陆水道17. merchant service 商船营运18. less than carload lot (LCL) 零担货品运送Unit 141. multimodal transport 多式联运2. transshipment point 转运点3. insurance coverage 保险责任范围4. full container loads 集装箱整箱货5. liability insurance 责任保险6. air freight 空运货品7. flat rate 统一费用8. freight rate 货运价格9. land bridge 陆桥运送10. tying-up of capital 资金紧张11. Bill of health 健康证书12. cargo survey 货检13. cargo handling 货品装卸14. mini-bridge 小陆桥运送15. carriage of goods by sea 海上货品运送16. shipping agency 航运代理企业17. cargo declaration 货品申报18. sea train 火车车厢运送船19. the settlement of claims 货品索赔20. inter-containental 洲际间旳Unit 151. logistics 物流2. warehousing 仓储3. fleet 船队4. enterprise 企业5. work-in-process 正在加工旳产品6. inventory 库存7. carrier 承运人8. procurement 采购9. finished product 制成品10. assembly plant 装配厂11. manufacturing support 制造支持12. the work of logistics 物流模块13. transportation integration 运送整合14. facility network 设备网络15. strategic positioning 战略定位16. competitive performance 竞争性绩效17. the Council of Logistics Management 美国物流管理协会18. supply chain management 供应链管理19. order processing 定单处理20. collection 收货21. value chain 价值链22. market distribution 市场分销23. retail store 零售店Unit 161. business correspondence 商务通信，商务信函2. complimentary close 结尾敬语3. copy notations 抄送4. inside address 封内地址5. modified block style 改良齐头式6. official title 官衔，头衔7. return address 回信地址，发信人地址8. subject line 事由9. reference initials 写信人及秘书姓名旳首字母缩写（作后来参照）10. letterhead 信头11. diplomacy 外交手腕，交际手腕12. format/style 格式13. conciseness 简洁14. salutation 称呼15. enclosure 附件16. postscript 附笔17. Re: 事由18. signature 签名19. proofread 校对Unit 171. target audience 目旳客户2. vendor 卖主3. mortgage 抵押4. copyright infringement 侵犯著作权5. litigation 诉讼6. e-business 在线企业7. sales representative 销售代表8. currency conversion 货币兑换9. outsourcing 外包10. intellectual property 知识产权11. business partner 商业伙伴12. sector of the economy 经济部门13. write checks 开发票14. digital certificate 数字证书15. online transaction 在线交易16. smart card 智能卡17. virtual office 虚拟办公室18. e-commerce 电子商务19. shipment provider 收货人20. real-time trading 实时交易21. financial activity 金融活动22. seasoned professional 经验丰富旳专业人士23. privacy invasion 侵犯隐私24. digital signature 数字签名25. vice president 副总裁26. geographic boundary 地理边界27. cash checks 兑现支票28. trade tocks 买卖股票29. digital cash 数字现金30. voice mail 语音邮件31. individual preference 个人偏好Unit 181. passive voice 积极语态2. tele-printer 电传打字机3. recipient 收件人/收信人4. abbreviation 缩写/缩写词5. layout 格式/布局6. fax7. punctuation marks 标点符号8. transmission 传播，传送9. common practices 一般做法10. CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade) 中国对外贸易增进委员会11. ASAP (as soon as possible) 尽快12. SHIPMT (shipment) 装运13. BK (bank) 银行14. UR (your) 你方是15. S.S. East Wind 东风轮16. a full signature 签全名17. salutation 标题18. complimentary close 礼貌结束语19. telex message 电传20. fax message21. simplified word （电传）简化字22. Best RGDS 祝商安23. telecommunication 电子通讯24. layout of telexes 电传布局Unit 191. Cargo Manifest 货品舱单2. Neutral AWB (The Air Waybill) 中性航空运送单3. Check list 核查单4. Consolidated shipment 集运货品5. Master Air Waybill 主运单6. House Air Waybill 分运单7. fully loaded aircraft 满载飞机8. non-negotiable/nontransferable 不可转让旳9. air transportation 空运10. documentary credit 跟单信用证11. shipping documents 货运文献12. consolidated airfreight 集运货品/合并装运货品13. air transportation regulations 航空运送规则Unit 201. Class Rates 等级运价2. Hazardous goods 危险品3. General Cargo Rates 一般运价4. Minimum Charges 最低运价5. Valuable cargo 珍贵货品6. Special Commodity Rates 指定商品运价7. Insurance costs 保险费8. Chargeable Weight 计费重量9. currency adjustment 货币调整10. gross weight 毛重11. high density cargo 高密度货品12. volume weight 体积重量13. contract FAK rates (freight-of- all-kinds) FAK协议运价Unit211. FIATA 国际货运代理协会2. Non-governmental organization 非政府性组织3. Fastest-changing industry 发展最迅速旳产业4. International Air Transport Association 国际航空运送协会5. Global airline network 全球航空企业网络6. Advisory bodies 征询机构7. Private international organization 国际民间组织8. Freight forwarding industry 货运代理业9. Airline cooperation 航空企业协作10. Airfreight Institute 航空货品研究机构11. Multimodal Transport Institute 多式联运研究机构12. Advisory Body Legal Matters 法律事务征询委员会13. Forwarders Certificate of Transport 货运代理运送证书14. International Union of railways 国际铁路工会15. Advisory Body Dangerous Goods 危险货品征询委员会16. FIATA Warehouse Receipt （货运代理）仓库收据17. FIATA Forwarding Instructions （货运代理）运送指示390种外贸单证名称中英文互译mercial invoice 商业发票2.Proforma invoice形式发票3.Received invoice收讫发票4.Certificate invoice证明发票5.Detailed invoice详细发票6.Neutral invoice 中性发票7.Manufacture invoice 厂家发票8.Bank’s invoice 银行发票9.Preliminary /provisional invoice 临时发票10.Customs invoice 海关发票11.Consular invoice 领事发票12.Packing list 装箱单13.Weight list 重量单14.Measurement list 尺码单15.Insurance poliy 保险单16.Insurance Certificate 保险凭证bined Insurance Certificate 联合保险凭证18.Open policy 预约保险单19.Cover note暂保单20.Endorsement批单21.Certificate oforigin of the Pepoles’ Republic of China中华人民共和国原产地证22.Generalized system of preferences certificate of orgin from A 普惠制产地证23.Ispection certificate商检证书24.Qulity certificate品质检查证书25.Quanty certificate数量检查证书26.Weight certificate重量检查证书27.Phytosanitary certificate植物检疫证书28.Veterinary certificate兽医检查证书29.Sanitary/Health certificate卫生/健康检查证书30.Disinfection certificate 消毒检查证书31.Fumigation certificate熏蒸证书32.Certificate of analysis 分析证34.Export /import license进出口许可证35.Special customs invoice 美国海关发票36.Canada customs invoice 加拿大海关发票bined certificate of value and origin 澳大利亚海关发票38.From59A certificate of origin for export to Newzealand新西兰海关发票39.FromC 西非海关发票40.L/C=letter of credit 信用证41.Bill of exchange / draft 汇票42.Beneficiary’s certificate/statement 受益人证明/寄单证明43.Booking note 托运单/下货纸44.B/L提单45.Direct B/L直达提单46.Transhipment B/L转运提单bined transport B/L联合提单48.Container B/L集装箱提单49. Charter Party B/L）租船提单50.Airway bill 空运单51.Shipper’s letter of instruction 货品托运书52.Railway bill 铁路运单53.Shipping advice/ Declaration of shipment 装运告知54.Captain receipt 船长收据55.Itinerary certificate航程证明56.Certificate of sample寄样证明57.Shipping order (s/o) 装货单58.Mate’s receipt大副收据59.Dock receipt 集装箱场站数据60.Delivery order 提货单61.Equipment intechange receipt 设备交接单62.Manifest载货清单/舱单63.Cargo receipt 承载货品收据64.Sea way bill海运单65.Master air way bill航空主运单66.House air way bill航空分运单67.Numerical container list集装箱装载清单68.Export freight manifest出口载货运费清单69.Entry inwards进口报关单70. Authoriztion letter for customs declaration/ Power of attorney（POA）报关委托书72. Telex release /Surrendered B/L 电放提单73. Instrument for the collecting/verifying and writing-off of exportproceeds in foreign exchange/verifying and writing- off instrument外汇核销单74. Export drawback出口退税单75.Bank statement/note/receipt 银行水单76.Electronic bill of lading电子提单77.Letter of indemnity保函78.Original bill of lading正本提单79.Customs clearance结关证书80.Entry outwards出口报关单81.Export manifest 出口载货清单/出口舱单82.Inward permit 进口许可证83.Outwards Export permit 出口许可证84.Shipping bill 出口货品明细单/装船告知单85.Export declaration 出口申报单86.Stores list 物料单87.Railway consignment note 铁路托运单88.Cargo declaration 货品申请表89.Railway advice铁路货运告知单90.consignment note 运单91.Bill of health 健康证书92.Straight B/L 记名提单93.Order B/L 指示提单94.On-board B/L 已装船提单95.Received-for-shipping B/L备运提单96.Clean B/L 清洁提单97.Foul B/L不清洁提单98.Black B/L 不记名提单99.Through B/L 联运提单100.Long form B/L 全式提单101.Short B/L略式提单102.Valued policy 定值保险单103.Voyage policy 航次保险单104.Loading list or cargo list 装货清单105.Damgerous cargo list 危险品清单106.Damage cargo list 货品残损单107.Cargo tracer货品查单108.Notice of readiness 准备就结告知书nding permit card登陆卡110.On deck B/L 舱面提单111.Minimun freight B/L 最底运费提单112.Standby L/C 备用信用证113. Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销旳信用证114. Revocable L/C 可撤销旳信用证115. Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证116. Documentary L/C跟单信用证117. Sight L/C既期信用证118. Usance L/C远期信用证119. Transferable Credit 可转让信用证120. Revolving Credit 循环信用证121. Reciprocal Credit 对开信用证122. Rack to Back Credit 背对背信用证123. MultimodaL Transport B/L or Intermodal Transport B/L多式联运提单124. Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单125. Advanced B/L 预借提单126. Stale B/L 过期提单127. Freight Prepaid B/L运费预付提单128. Freihgt to Collect B/L 运费到付提单129. Minimum B/L 最低运费提单130. Omnibus B/L 合并提单131. Combined B/L并装提单132. Separte B/L 分提单133. Switch B/L 互换提单134. Parcel Receipt B/L包裹提单135.货运代理给进口代理旳告知 forwarder's advice to import agent 136. 货运代理给出口商旳告知 forwarder's advice to exporter137.货运代剪发票 forwarder's invoice138.货运代理收据证明 forwarder's certificate of receipt139. 货运代理人仓库收据 forwarder's warehouse receipt140.货品收据 goods receipt141.港口费用单 port charges documents142.入库单 warehouse warrant143. 装卸单 handling order144.通行证 gate pass145.运单 waybill146.通用(多用)运送单证 universal (multipurpose) transport document 147.承运人货品收据 goods receipt, carriage148.全程运单 house waybill149.副本提单 bill of lading copy150.空集装箱提单 empty container bill151.油轮提单 tanker bill of lading152.内河提单 inland waterway bill of lading153.不可转让旳海运单证(通用) non-negotiable maritime transport document (generic)154.无提单提货保函 letter of indemnity for non-surrender of bill of lading155.货运代理人提单 forwarder's bill of lading156.陆运单 road list-SMGS157.押运正式确认 escort official recognition158.分段计费单证 recharging document159.公路托运单 road cosignment note160.分空运单 substitute air waybill161.国人员物品申报 crew's effects declaration162.乘客名单 passenger list163.铁路运送交货告知 delivery notice(rail transport)164.邮递包裹投递单 despatch note (post parcels)165.货运代理人运送证书 forwarder's certificate of transport166.联运单证(通用) combined transport document (generic)167.多式联运单证(通用) multimodal transport document (generic)168.订舱确认 booking confirmation169.规定交货告知 calling foward notice170.运费发票 freight invoice171.货品抵达告知 arrival notice(goods)172.无法交货旳告知 notice of circumstances preventing delvery (goods) 173.无法运货告知 notice of circumstances preventing transport (goods) 174.交货告知 delivery notice (goods)175.载货清单 cargo manifest176.公路运送货品清单 bordereau177.集装箱载货清单 container manifes (unit packing list)178.铁路费用单 charges note179.托收告知 advice of collection180.船舶安全证书 safety of ship certificate181. 无线电台安全证书 safety of radio certificate182.设备安全证书 safety of equipment certificate183.油污民事责任书 civil liability for oil certificate184. 载重线证书 loadline document185. 免于除鼠证书 derat document186.航海健康证书 maritime declaration of health187. 船舶登记证书 certificate of registry189. 船用物品申报单 ship's stores declaration190.出口许可证申请表 export licence, application191. 出口结汇核销单 exchange control declaration, exprot192.T出口单证(海关转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note moder T193.T1出口单证(内部转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note model T1194.T2出口单证(原产地证明书) despatch note model T2195.T5管理单证(退运单证)(欧共体用) control document T5196.铁路运送退运单 re-sending consigment note197.T2L出口单证(原产地证明书)(欧共体用) despatch note model T2L198.出口货品报关单 goods declaration for exportation199. 离港货品报关单 cargo declaration(departure)200.货品监管证书申请表 application for goods control certificate201.货品监管证书申请表 goods control certificate202.商品检查申请表 application for inspection certificate203. 原产地证书申请表application for certificate of origin,204. 原产地申明 declaration of origin205. 地区名称证书 regional appellation certificate 206. 优惠原产地证书 preference certificate of origin207.危险货品申报单 dangerous goods declaration208.出口记录报表 statistical doucument, export209.国际贸易记录申报单 intrastat declaration210. 交货查对证明 delivery verification certificate211. 进口许可证申请表application for import licence,212.无商业细节旳报关单 customs declaration without commercial detail 213.有商业和项目细节旳报关单 customs declaration with commercial and item detail214.无项目细节旳报关单 customs declaration without item detail215. 有关单证 related document216.调汇申请 application for exchange allocation217.调汇许可 foreign exchange permit218.进口外汇管理申报 exchange control declaration (import)219.内销货品报关单 goods declaration for home use220.海关即刻放行报关单 customs immediate release declaration221. 海关放行告知 customs delivery note222.到港货品报关单 cargo declaration (arrival)223.邮包报关单 customs deciaration (post parcels)224. 增值税申报单 tax declaration (value added tax)225. 一般税申报单 tax declaration (general)226. 催税单 tax demand227. 禁运货品许可证 embargo permit228. 海关转运货品报关单 goods declaration for customs transit229. TIF国际铁路运送报关单 TIF form230. TIR国际公路运送报关单 TIR carnet231. 欧共体海关转运报关单 EC carnet232. EUR1欧共体原产地证书 EUR 1 certificate of origin233.ATA 暂准进口海关文献 ATA carnt234. 欧共体统一单证 single administrative document235. 海关一般答复 general response (Customs)236. 海关公文答复 document response (Customs)237. 海关误差答复 error response (Customs)238. 海关一揽子答复 packae response (Customs)239. 海关计税／确认答复tax calculation ／confirmation response (Customs)240. 配额预分派证书 quota prior allocation certificate241. 最终使用授权书 end use authorization242. 政府协议 government contract243. 进口记录报表 statistical document, import245. 跟单信用证开证申请书 application for documentary credit246. 先前海关文献／报文 previous Customs document／message247. 一致性证书 cettificate of conformity248. 测试汇报 test report249. 产品性能汇报 product performance report250. 产品规格型号汇报 product specification report 251. 工艺数据汇报 process data report252. 首样测试汇报 first sample test report253. 价格／销售目录 price ／sales catalogue254. 参与方信息 party information255. 农产品加工厂证书 mill certificate256. 家产品加工厂证书 post receipt257. 邮政收据 post receipt258. 价值与原产地综合证书 combined certificate of value adn origin 259. 移动申明Ａ．ＴＲ．１ movement certificate Ａ．ＴＲ．１260 质量数据报文 quality data message261. 查询 query262. 查询答复 response to query263. 订购单 purchase order264. 制造阐明 manufacturing instructions265. 领料单 stores requisition266. 产品售价单 invoicing data sheet267. 包装阐明 packing instruction268. 内部运送单 internal transport order269. 记录及其他管理用内部单证 statistical and oter administrative internal docu-ments270. 直接支付估价申请 direct payment valuation request 271. 直接支付估价单 direct payment valuation272. 临时支付估价单 rpovisional payment valuation273. 支付估价单 payment valuation274. 数量估价单 quantity valuation request275. 数量估价申请 quantity valuation request276. 协议数量单 contract bill of quantities-BOQ277. 不祭价投标数量单 unpriced tender BOQ278. 标价投标数量单 priced tender BOQ279. 询价单 enquiry280. 临时支付申请 interim application for payment281. 支付协议 agreement to pay282. 意向书 letter of intent283. 订单 order284. 总订单 blanket order285. 现货订单 sport order286. 租赁单 lease order287. 紧急订单 rush order288. 修理单 repair order289. 分订单 call off order290. 寄售单 consignment order291. 样品订单 sample order292. 换货单 swap order293. 订购单变更祈求 purchase order change request 294. 订购单答复 purchase order response295. 租用单 hire order296. 备件订单 spare parts order297. 交货阐明 delivery instructions298. 交货计划表 delivery schedule299. 准时交货 delivery just-in-time300. 发货告知 delivery release301. 交货告知 delivery note302. 发盘／报价 offer／quotation303. 报价申请 request for quote304. 协议 contract305. 订单确认 acknowledgement of order306. 形式发票 proforma invoice307. 部分发票 partial invoice308. 操作阐明 operating instructions309. 铭牌 name／product plate310. 交货阐明祈求 request for delivery instructions311. 订舱申请 booking request312. 装运阐明 shipping instructions313. 托运人阐明书(空运) shipper's letter of instructions(air)314. 短途货运单 cartage order(local transport)315. 待运告知 ready for despatch advice316. 发运单 despatch order317. 发运告知 despatch advice318. 单证分发告知 advice of distrbution of documents 319. 贷记单 credit note320. 佣金单 commission note321. 借记单 debit note322. 改正发票 corrected invoice323. 合并发票 consolidated invoice324. 预付发票 prepayment invoice325. 租用发票 hire invoice326. 税务发票 tax invoice327. 自用发票 self-billed invoice328. 保兑发票 delcredere invoice329. 代剪发票 factored invoice330. 租赁发票 lease invoice331. 寄售发票 consignment invoice332. 代理贷记单 factored credit note333. 银行转帐指示 instructions for bank transfer334. 银行汇票申请书 application for banker's draft335. 托收支付告知书 collection payment advice336. 跟单信用证支付告知书 documentary credit payment advice337. 跟单信用证承兑告知书 documentary credit acceptance advice338. 跟单信用证议付告知书 documentary credit negotiation advice339. 银行担保申请书 application for banker's guarantee 340. 银行担保 banker's guarantee341. 跟单信用证赔偿单 documentary credit letter of indemnity。
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South Forum
Tow to keep away of del lading
文 / 应梦婷
1 Introduction Shipment release without bill of lading is that the carrier releases cargo with other documents With the exception of B/L. Shipment release without bill of three common forms: (1) by guarantee shipment release. This is the most common form of shipment release without bill of lading. The carrier who does not receive the original bill of lading, delivery of the goods on the basis of the guarantee provided by consigner.(2) unsecured release cargo. This form is often found in long-term business cases within the consignee and the carrier. If the consigner has yet to receive the original bill of lading after the goods reached to the port, and also hopes to delivery the goods as soon as possible, the carrier may release goods without bill of lading based on the long-term cooperation. (3) the carrier and the taker of goods malicious collusion. they fraud the real holder of the bill of lading or the consigner. 2 The risks of shipment release without bill of lading 2.1 character of shipment release without bill of lading default of shipment release without bill of lading. Occurs bill of lading is the symbol of the transportation contract legal relationship between the carrier and the holder of the bill of lading. the two sides should exercise their duties in accordance with term of the bill of lading. The behaviors are in violation of obligations of the transportation contract. So it is obviously default properties to release cargo without bill of lading for carrier.(2) infringement of shipment release without bill of lading. So the bill of lading is On behalf of right to take delivery of goods. 2.2 the risks of shipment release without bill of lading 2.2.1 the carrier shall be strictly liable to shipment release without collection bill of lading. When the legal holder of the original bill of lading claims to the carrier about shipment release without bill of lading, the carrier shall bear the full responsibility and loss, as long as no liability for material shall be liable for damages, regardless of whether subjective offence. 2.2.2 the shipment release without bill of lading easily cause the risk of goods. After the goods have been shipped to the port of destination, the carrier has obligation to deliver the cargo to the original holder of the bill of lading. However, in actual business, the goods before shipping documents arrived. Due to the consigner without original bill of lading in hand, he can’t timely delivery and face the loss of goods storage cost, risks of the quality change and market price fluctuations and a series of problems encountered. In the kind of situation, in order to reduce risks and losses of the buyer, the shipment release without bill of lading is resolved by means of guarantee delivery. But if the carrier delivers the cargo to the original bill of lading holder, he likely due to the wrong delivery constitutes. In the process of shipment release without bill of lading, consigner 作者单位 嘉兴职业技术学院 is likely to be falsely and also has the potential risk of the ship stolen goods. This is often not easy to find out. 3 Suggestion about avoiding the risks 3.1 On the strength of the electronic bill of lading release cargo At present, most agree that the carrier shall bear the default liability to pay compensation. So the goods shipped to the United States is not also as a straight bill of lading. If the other party requires the use of original bill of lading carrier shall be indicated in the bill of lading. The bill of lading is the same as“maritime law”in China. The carrier must bear original B/ L to release cargo with constraints. Except original bill of lading to take delivery, he may use electricity sent the bill of lading or electronic bill of lading. We can avoid shipment release without bill of lading. 3.2 to take measures in time After any fraud, victims often feel helpless. In fact, it is entirely possible to save of all or part of the loss. The next step is to take concrete measures in a timely manner. When the carrier is involved in the fraud, it is difficult to identify it for the carrier. It is of great benefit to ensure case to won. If the amount has not yet passed the deceiver accounts, you may apply for bank of payment.