高二下学期期末考试英语试题第4套真题
高二下学期期末考试英语试题一、阅读理解1. 阅读理解AOne warm summer morning, Elizabeth, the nanny（保姆）of the William’s, went back from outside with the little boy, Josh. When she stepped into the house from the front door, she could tell that something was wrong, but she could n’t point a finger at exactly what it was. Just as she was about to dash out to find Josh, the little boy ran from behind her back, straight into the house for his toys.That’s when she heard footsteps coming down the stairs. Her heart missed a beat. Know ing that Josh’s parents were not home, she ran inside the house, caught the little boy swiftly and headed straight for the gate. She hit the neighbor’s door heavily to seek help and called the police.When David William returned home and checked the monitor, what he saw scared the life out of him. A strongly built middle-aged stranger walked around the house and searched every corner, being careful not to miss any valuables（贵重物品）. And the most frightening for David was to see him even slipping into Josh’s room. It was also terrifying to see that he was on his phone with someone guiding him on what to do. When Elizabeth opened the front door, he realized it was time to leave. He ran out just a few moments afterElizabeth and the boy left, getting away from the police.The Williams feel so grateful to Elizabeth for what she has done daily and saving their little boy when she could have easily run leaving the child behind. Elizabeth is called “supemanny” by the family. But Elizabeth said it was just her normal duty. “When his parents are away, they put their trust in me to keep him safe.” Although she is still terrified at the thought of what could have happened if she had come face to face with that man, she is willing to continue doing her work.（1）Why did Elizabeth leave the house quickly?A . She was anxious to find Josh.B . She sensed something dangerous.C . She was in a rush to help her neighbor.D . She heard familiar footsteps approaching.（2）What can we learn about the stranger?A . He stole into Josh’s room.B . He was caught by the police.C . He used the monitor to find valuables.D . He searched Elizabeth’s room for his phone.（3）The family think highly of Elizabeth because ________.A . she acted beyond the call of dutyB . she felt no fear in case of emergencyC . she saved the child at the cost of her own lifeD . she strengthened the parent-child bond of trust2. 阅读理解BResearchers say they have created a new super-tough material in the laboratory. It is stronger, lighter and costs less than steel. But the new materialis not a product of high technology. It is wood. Researcher Liangbing Hu says that it can compete with some of the world’s strongest materials or even replace steel.The product is called Super Wood. It doesn’t require any special raw, unprocessed material. That means the cost of the product will be relatively low.Hu said, “We can start with very cheap wood, and also very fancy, expensive wood. But in the end, we get very similar performance.”Super Wood is made by partially removing a natural polymer called lignin （木质素）. Hu explained, “Lignin is like glue to hold all the parts together in natural wood. To be able to densify（增密）the wood completely, some of the lignin has to be removed. “Strong chemicals are put on the wood to remove about half of its lignin. Then, after being left in extreme heat and pressurized for a day, the treated wood is ready.The wood is strong enough to build automobiles, airplanes, wind turbines and more. Researchers are finding many new ways to use wood, including creating batteries and see-through wood and paper.Hu said, “Wood has been existing on Earth for more than a million years. And human beings have been using wood for furniture, construction for more than 10 thousand years. And the more we worked on this material, we realized, we have never fully exhausted the potential of this amazing material.”（1）Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Super Wood?A . Strong.B . Tough.C . High-tech.D . Low-cost.（2）What is the 3rd paragraph mainly about?A . The quality of Super Wood.B . The densifying function of lignin.C . The amount of removed lignin.D . The making process of Super Wood.（3）What’s Liangbing Hu’s attitude towards the future of Super Wood?A . Doubtful.B . Positive.C . Unconcerned.D . Negative.3. 阅读理解CYou may have heard the term self-awareness, but what is it and why does it matter?Being self-aware can influence how you feel in your job and in your personal life. Daniel Goleman takes that connection much further, saying self-awareness is the key to success. He describes self-awareness as “knowing one’s internal（内在的）states ,preference and resources”, and then monitoring that “inner world” information as it comes up. If you can be as aware of your feelings and thoughts, you’ll be better able t o deal with new situations. Because you know yourself better, you’ll be more accepting of yourself, your thoughts and your feelings, Goleman says.But self-awareness doesn’t stop at how you see yourself. It’s also understanding and acknowledging how others see you. Tasha Eurich, an organizational psychologist, explains that self-awareness has two parts —internal and external（外部的）. Internal self-awareness means we can clearly see our own values, thoughts, passions and feelings. External self-awareness is clearly seeing how others see us. People who are externally self-aware tend to be better leaders.So how do you know if you’re self-aware or not? Eurich developed a short online quiz to help. You’re not the only one who has to take it. Someone who knows you well also has to answer questions about you.In a recent TED Talk, Eurich refers to self-awareness unicorns. This group makes up only a small part of all the people she has studied. These are people who not only believe they are self-aware, but other people who know them would agree. Additionally, these unicorns would say they have improved their self-awareness in their lives and again, those who know them well would agree.Thankfully, anyone can become more self-aware, as long as they’re willing to devote some time and effort to the cause.（1）According to Daniel Goleman, a self-aware person ________.A . feels content with his lifeB . has a burning desire for successC . handles his self-information wellD . avoids challenging new situations（2）In Eurich’s theory, what helps make a better lead er?A . Clear thinking.B . Internal self-awareness.C . Sharp understanding.D . External self-awareness.（3）How does Eurich’s quiz assess one’s self-awareness?A . By setting criteria for answers.B . By measuring others’ reactions.C . By analyzing quiz-take rs’ questions.D . By matching internal and external opinions.（4）What can be inferred about unicorns from the 5th paragraph?A . They are rare talents.B . They fail to get approval.C . They are born experts.D . They try to please others.二、任务型阅读4. 任务型阅读Plan a Budget-Friendly Summer VacationIt’s never too early to start thinking about your summer vacation. Deciding where to go and what attractions to see can actually be a fun and exciting part of the experience—particularly when you find ways to save your travel dollar. ________Rethink your “summer vacation”.If your summer vacation window is wide open, why not skip July and August? The flights and accommodations are about 25% cheaper in the spring or early fall. If you must travel during the busy season, you can still save by being flexible. ________Flying out on a Tuesday instead of a Friday could save you a bit of money, and flying in the afternoon will likely be cheaper than a morning flight.________It’s always in your best interest to book your summer vacation early. If you plan on flying to your destination, for example, it will be much easier to find seats on your preferred flights if you book in March than if you were to wait until the last minute. The same applies to hotels, where prices are based on supply and demand.Use the right websites.There are a lot of websites competing for your travel dollar. ________For example, when you make five reservations with , you can haveaccess to their “Genius Program” which gives you 10% of f as well as early check-in and late check-out.Consider a tour.With so many places to see and things to do, planning a trip can wear you out quickly. ________Seasoned tour operators, such as Trafalgar, take the stress out of travel so all you have to do is show up and enjoy yourself. More importantly, a guided vacation represents a significant saving.A. Plan your flights.B. Book in advance.C. In that case, a tour is a fantastic choice.D. Choose the one that offers the best service.E. That competition has led to many benefits for travelers.F. When booking flights, choose the least popular travel times.G. Here are tips to plan a summer vacation within your budget.三、完形填空5. 完形填空When Marcus, a homeless man, walked into a small cafe, begging for spare change, he didn’t get 1. Instead, Cesia, the owner, kindly asked why he didn’t have a job. 2his head to avoid eye contact, he replied, “I used to be in prison and no o ne wants to 3me.” Although Cesia had hit some hard times of her own at the cafe, she was short of hands that day and 4Marcus a position, washing dishes for two hours.With a big smile, Marcus 5accepted it. While Marcus was busy with thedishes, Cesia made him a sandwich. Marcus immediately walked out to the street and 6it with a homeless woman. “Do you know the lady over there?” she asked out of 7. “No, but I know she is hungry.” That really 8Cesia.Since business was not good, Cesia couldn’t 9to employ h im. So at the end of that day, they said their goodbyes. 10, much to her surprise, Marcus continued to 11on time for work every day. When he got 12, he bought food from the cafe, refusing to take it for free. When asked why, he said, “It makes me feel 13.” Marcus was showing that he was really a nice person. For Cesia who was going through a dark period, Marcus became a 14in her life.“People need someone who 15them and even lends a helping hand.” Cesia wrote on Faceb ook, “Just like Marcus, I had my 16when in trouble. I had many people to help make it to where I am today. Do something 17for someone else and don’t 18them just because they’re out there asking for money, for we don’t know their real 19. Some deserve another 20.”（1）A . beaten upB . taken inC . looked afterD . turned away（2）A . NoddingB . ShakingC . BowingD . Raising（3）A . marryB . forgiveC . greetD . hire （4）A . offeredB . foundC . wonD . denied（5）A . anxiouslyB . gladlyC . silentlyD . worriedly（6）A . hidB . swappedC . checkedD . shared（7）A . kindnessB . sympathyC . curiosityD . politeness（8）A . touchedB . embarrassedC . excitedD . amused（9）A . waitB . affordC . bearD . expect（10）A . HoweverB . ThereforeC . BesidesD . Otherwise（11）A . break inB . show upC . drop inD . get up（12）A . permittedB . promotedC . praisedD . paid（13）A . goodB . energeticC . specialD . generous（14）A . jokeB . lightC . burdenD . regret（15）A . admiresB . toleratesC .trustsD . defends（16）A . needB . jobC . helpD . freedom（17）A . niceB . crazyC . unusualD . reasonable（18）A . abuseB . blameC . hateD . judge（19）A . choiceB . situationC . intentionD . decision（20）A . positionB . raiseC . chanceD . reward四、语法填空6. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
湖北省武汉外国语学校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)
武汉外国语学校2023-2024学年度下学期期末考试高二英语试题考试时间：2024年6月27日考试时长：120分钟试卷满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the man do?A. Drink coffee.B. Add some water.C. Wash cups.2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When will the man finish studying?A. At 1:00 a. m.B. At 9:00 p. m.C. At 11:00 p. m.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the woman probably do next?A. Go to check on her mother.B. Send her mother to hospital.C. Answer her mother’ s phone.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Co-workers.B. Husband and wife.C. Sales clerk and customer.5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What food has been sold out?A. Chips.B. Nuts.C. Chocolate.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
高二英语下学期期末试卷（带答案）
高二英语下学期期末试卷（带答案）第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AI clearly remember my mom telling me to drink milk every day—one glass in the morning and another at night．I also remember loving it while my sister thought quite the opposite—she would surreptitiously pour her milk into the sink or water the plants with it! I guess I should thank my mom for making us drink a lot of milk, so rich in calcium（钙）, during those important years．Today, calcium shortage is one of the main concerns of women in their 30s or even early 20s．The great fear is that when we reach our 50s or 60s, osteoprosis（骨质疏松症）will set in．That is why you can see a lot of advertisements for products supposedly containing a lot of calcium．Because calcium is not that easy to acquire from the food we normally eat, busy women these days should take calcium supplements（补充物）．There are a lot of different forms of these---calcium carbonate（碳酸钙），oyster（牡蛎）shell or bone-meal-based calcium supplements．You have to be careful when choosing which kind to take．This is because calcium is not easily absorbed by the body．So the fact that you are taking supplements doesn’t mean that the body is actually benefiting from them．Different supplements may have different instructions on dosage（剂量）and manner of intake．You can ask your doctor to help you determine which supplement is the best for your needs．21. From what the author’s mother did we may inferthat___________________．A．her children had osteoporosisB．she knew her children would benefit from milkC．she must have suffered from osteoprosisD．she didn’t like her daughter who didn’t obey her order22. Based on the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A．The author’s sister will suffer from osteoprosis when reaches her 50s or 60sB．Many businessmen have already been selling products supposedly containing calcium．C．We can’t get enough calcium only from food we eat every day D．Women as young as their 20s should be concerned about calcium shortage23. What does the underlined word “surreptitiously”in the firstparagraph probably mean?A．Honestly B．Frankly C．Secretly D．Curiously24. We may infer from the last paragraphthat____________________．A．what one chooses as a calcium supplement might not workB．one shouldn’t take in calcium without the permission of a doctor C．the more calcium supplements one uses, the more calcium one can take inD．it is dangerous to use calcium supplements without the guidanceBPeople living in the UK take quite a few holidays abroad and in the country each year. Choices made about where to go, how to get there and what to do can either benefit or harm the environment.While on holidayMany of the things you can do to the greener on holiday will be the same things you can do at home—but there are also some extra things too, like avoiding gifts made from endangered plants and animals. Here are some suggestions:●Making the most of locally produced fo od and drink, and local activities and attractions will support people in the area you arevisiting and reduce the need for further environmental influence from transport.●Switching off any air conditioning, heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect.●Save water—some countries suffer from water shortages and saving water can help avoid damage to our natural habitats. Endangered speciesSome gifts and foods available in some countries can be made from endangered plants or animals. Check before you buy, but if you doubt, avoid animal and plant gifts. More details of the types of products to avoid any illegal trade hotspots can be found on the Souvenir Alert webpage.Making a positive contribution to the place you are visiting.There are ways in which your holiday can help support local people and the environment.●There are many opportunities to volunteer and help with projects that conserve and improve natural habitats.●When you are away, or if you are looking for somewhere tovisit, you can support projects or attractions which protect wildlife, such as nature reserves and conservation projects.25. According to the passage, we can _______ to help reduce climate change effect.A. make good use of waterB. buy local food and drinkC. save electricityD. go around on foot26. We should check the gifts and foods before buying because______.A. sometimes they are of poor qualityB. they may not be typical local productsC. some of them will do harm to our healthD. they may be made from endangered animals or plants27We can infer from the passage that ______.A. it is not easy for people to travel abroadB. not everyone can tell an illegal souvenirC. green holidays have been accepted by peopleD. volunteer work is a must for protecting natural habitats28. The passage is mainly about ______.A. travel enjoymentB. the harm to the environmentC. protection of endangered animalsD. greener choices for holidayCIt’s said that professional footballers in the USA can make millions of dollars throughout their careers. Yet statistics show that many eventually run out of money once their playing days are over. The University of Pennsylvania wants to change that andhelpteach American footballers how to rebuild their lives when their sports careers come to an end.“All their life they have focused on football. Deciding what comes next can be difficult.”Says professor Morvarid Taheripour, the head of the athletes’project. “Some people say athletes die two deaths. You kind of die when you stop playing and you die in real life. So they’ve got to come back to life and figure out ‘How am I going to make a living at 25 for maybe another 40 years?”For Taheripour, the partnership with professional athletes is a dream to come true. “It was taking everythin g I love about teaching and yet being able to influence people who are accomplished and hard-working, yet very modest.”But even with help, figuring out the next chapter isn’t easy. Statistics show that 78 percent of professional football players are penniless, divorced or unemployed two years after retiring from their sport. The program tries to help players develop a plan for life after sport and 220 athletes have taken part over the past six years. Darwin Walker is one former student who avoided being a statistic. Today, he runs a number of successful businesses and thanks football for his accomplishments. “The concepts I learned about leadership have all come from playing the game of football,”says Walker. “The amount of study, amount of commitment, and timethat you have to put into it is very much like being a successful business person.”Shifting the skills learned on the field to the workplace seems natural to some, but the numbers show that’s not the case for everyone. Taheripour’s message to his stu dents is a serious one:This is the time to build for the future, he tells them, because no matter how long your athletic career lasts, you are so much more than just an athlete.29 By saying “athletes die two deaths”, the author means ________.A. athletes suffer too many failures in their lifeB. athletes have a sports life and a real lifeC. being an athlete contributes little to lifeD. athletes’later life can be easily rebuilt30. .Why is it difficult for professional athletes to decide what comes next?A. They might have not thought of this during their playing days.B. They have no idea whether to leave the game or not.C. They think as athletes they can make more money.D. They’re not willing to accept a new career.31. What does Darwin Walker manage to avoid?A. Making his sports career come to an end.B. Being unsuccessful in rebuilding his life.C. Going through the problem.D. Making a difference.32. What does the last paragraph imply?A. An athlete should think about more than his athletic career.B. An athlete’s sports career couldn’t last very long.C. An athlete should end his career earlier to build his new life.D. The longer an athlete’s career lasts, the more respect he receives.DDuring World War I, a German spy called Reginald Rowlandworked in the United Kingdom gathering information for Germany about the British army. A box of talcum powder (爽身粉) and other lotions （护肤液）with materials to write secret messages were found in his room when he was caught by British soldiers. He also used invisible (看不见的) ink on shirt collars, in pens, and mixed with cakes of soap to send secret messages.So, if you want to send secret messages, you will need:lemon,a bowl,a thin paintbrush or toothpick,white paper,a hairdryer or light bulbDirections:1. Cut the lemon in half, squeeze (挤) the juice into a bowl, and remove any pulp (果肉).2. Dip the paintbrush or toothpick into the lemon juice.3. Write your message or draw your map on the white paper, working quickly so that you can see what you have written before the lemon juice dries.4. When the juice dries, your message will not be seen. Protect it by writing a normal message in pencil on the other side.5. To reveal the secret message, hold the paper in front of a warm hairdryer or light bulb.33. According to the text, Reginald Rowland _____.A. hated the warB. was from the UKC. worked for GermanyD. was good at making up stories34. Which of the following best describes the step 2 of the directions?35. In sending secret messages, the hairdryer is used to _____.A. show the secret messageB. remove the lemon pulpC. squeeze the juiceD. dry the juice第二节：（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
山东省滨州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
山东省滨州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题一、听力选择题1．Where does the conversation probably take place?A．In a drugstore.B．In the doctor’s office.C．At a grocery store. 2．What does the woman decide to do this weekend?A．Read a book.B．Have a haircut.C．Listen to music. 3．What does the woman want to do?A．Change money.B．Save money.C．Borrow money. 4．What does the woman think of Mike?A．He’s lucky.B．He’s wise.C．He’s hardworking. 5．How many students are there in the girl’s class?A．24.B．36.C．48.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．Where did the man put his phone?A．In the bedroom.B．In the bathroom.C．In the study.7．What will the speakers do next?A．Call a number.B．Make a meal.C．Do some cleaning.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．Why does the woman feel upset?A．She was taken in online.B．Her credit card was lost.C．Her health was declining. 9．What does Jamie mean in the end?A．The woman should go to school.B．The woman should learn a lesson.C．The woman should send emails again.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
从全国各省试卷精心挑选出的：2022年高二英语下学期重难题型04(含答案解析)
37.More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.
2022届高2（下）精品套餐练04套
I.7选5阅读（2022牛津版高二上期末复习7选5专题2）
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.
It's hard to say whether these labels willswaydecision-making for travelers. However, consumers are increasingly concerned about companies' commitments to environmental protection; and clearly labeling carbon emissions is an open and objective way of communicating environmental commitments.
山东省济宁市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
山东省济宁市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题一、阅读理解Florida has regained its position as the best American state for retirees in 2024, according to WalletHub’s latest “Best and Worst States to Retire” study.WalletHub’s Best and Worst States to Retire in 2024WalletHub used three main categories to rank the retirement friendliness of all 50 states: Affordability. Quality of life. Health care.While Florida ranked first overall as the best state for retirees and No. I in the quality of life category, it scored lower for health care and affordability. Popular Florida cities rank among WalletHub’s top 10 places hit hardest by inflation (通货膨胀), so retirees need to anticipate a potentially higher cost of living due to inflation. On the other hand, the state doesn’t demand any income tax, which means income from Social Security and withdrawals from retirement accounts won’t be taxed at the state level. Besides, retirees may enjoy the state’s mostly pleasant weather and miles of shoreline.Remember, while lists like these can be helpful as you figure out where you’d like to eventually spend your post-work years, your idea of the “perfect” place to retire will depend on a number of personal factors, such as your own circumstances, preferences and priorities. 1．Which state ranks last for retirees in 2024 according to WalletHub?A．Florida.B．Kentucky.C．Wyoming.D．Oklahoma. 2．Which aspect of Florida may appeal to retirees most?A．Medical services.B．Low living expenses.C．Income security.D．Favorable tax policy.3．Where is this text probably taken from?A．A finance book.B．A geography textbook.C．A public report.D．A commercial speech.Located on the banks of Lake Atitlán, Santa Catarina Palopó is a small town with amazing natural views. Despite its natural beauty and cultural heritage, the community struggled with economic development for years until they had the opportunity to use the power of art and transform the town.Pintando Santa Catarina Palopó (PSCP) was born out of a desire to bring color and life to the town through the act of painting all 960 buildings with traditional symbols and designs inspired by the blouses woven (编织) by local women. Under the leadership of Claudia Boschand the Casa Palopó hotel, the project took shape with the support of local authorities, volunteers, sponsors, and the community.The painting process was structured to ensure efficiency and community involvement. Local families were brought into the process, working with project teams to decide how their homes would be painted. The family would then help sand, clean, and prime (上底漆) the walls before the professional painters joined in to complete the painting process. Throughout the project, the team ensured that no family was left behind, and the professional painters provided guidance to ensure that every building was exceptional.The project has changed the lives of residents and visitors alike. It has increased cultural tourism awareness, created new jobs, and improved the overall quality of life in the community. Alongside this project, the community has worked to champion growing and celebrating local produce, strengthen family interests, and promote community development. The paintings symbolize hope and progress, inspiring other communities to hug the magic of art in their own ways.4．What was the original purpose of establishing PSCP?A．To bring liveliness to the town.B．To rebuild symbolic houses.C．To guarantee the locals a job.D．To pass down tailoring skills.5．What is the highlight in the painting process?A．Professional training.B．Painters’ leading role.C．Traditional materials.D．Families’ engagement.6．What can we learn about the project from the last paragraph?A．It inspires the locals to pursue an art career.B．It shows how to measure community spirit.C．It goes far beyond just economic benefits.D．It proves art is a must for successful projects. 7．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Art of Painting: A Treasure for Human Beings B．Natural Beauty: The Drive for Rural TourismC．The Colourful Story of Santa Catarina PalopóD．Big Cultural Heritage of a Small TownOne inconvenient truth for the clean energy industry is the undeniable fact that wind turbines (涡轮机) kill birds. Researchers say smarter turbines could dramatically cut the toll.The American Bird Conservancy claims that at least one million bird deaths as a result of wind turbines a year in the US alone is likely to be an underestimate. That’s substantially less than the estimated 980 million birds a year that die crashing into buildings, or the 1.4 to 3.7 billion per year killed by domestic cats. But it’s still an unacceptable number, and a problem that needs to be addressed—because a fully green energy network will need more and more turbines over the coming decades.Researchers at SINTEF and the Norwegian Centre believe they have an idea that could help in a lot of cases. The idea—known as SKARV—is fairly simple: each turbine will have cameras fitted, capable of spotting birds flying directly into the path of the rotors (螺旋桨). Software will automatically calculate their predicted path, and if it looks like they’re in danger of being hit, the system will send control signals to slow the rotors down.In simulations (模拟), the system is able to avoid the vast majority of crashes. This, of course, doesn’t describe all situations. For example, if a young, inexperienced bird approaches a turbine displaying irregular flight behavior, it will not be possible to predict exactly where it will be a few seconds later. Prediction is also more difficult if several birds approach at the same time.Some researchers argue that birds are learning to avoid turbines voluntarily. But if morethan a million birds a year haven’t got the memo yet, it’s still a problem worth solving. We look forward to hearing how trials progress.8．What does the underlined phrase “cut the toll” in paragraph I probably mean?A．Maximize efficiency.B．Reduce deaths.C．Lower costs.D．Prevent errors.9．What can be inferred about bird death caused by wind turbines in paragraph 2?A．It tops the list of bird deaths.B．It calls for immediate action.C．It has been properly solved.D．It shows progress in technology.10．How does SKARV make wind turbines intelligent?A．By keeping a constant speed.B．By recording birds’ behavior.C．By predicting potential danger.D．By sending warnings to birds.11．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A．Challenges presented in simulations.B．Features of birds’ flying patterns.C．Examples of SKARV’s application D．Approaches to crash avoidance.It’s normal to feel uncomfortable when spending time outside your home culture, even for an eagerly anticipated vacation. Feelings of discomfort, dislocation, and overload are so common among travelers that they’re referred to by many as “culture shock”.Although the term has existed since the 1950s, says Susan B．Goldstein, a psychology professor at the University of Redlands, it’s an outdated way to describe these adjustment challenges. “Culture shock” implies a dramatic, unexpected, negative event. Though the vast majority of travelers will experience such challenges, “a real sense of ‘shock’ is uncommon,” she adds, “so uncommon that many researchers no longer use the term.”Previously many researchers adopted the idea that culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages. Modern research, however, suggests that the experiences of acculturation (文化适应) are individual, not universal. People will have their ups and downs, but for the most part, they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time.While many blame the causes of culture shock on the host culture itself, an individual’s internal expectations are just as important. When travelers’ image of their destination does notcorrespond with reality, it can result in discomfort and even distress (忧虑). Realistic expectations can help, but so can a traveler’s attitude.In a 2023 study of 2,500 teenage exchange students, researchers found that though cultural stress was common among participants, those who faced those stresses head-on instead of turning to avoidance tended to perform better and were likelier to finish out their year without switching families or going home early.As for Mark Twain, the bad-tempered writer was able to ride out his feelings of distress while traveling. He eventually finished out his European tour — and in his bestselling travel memoir The Innocents Abroad, famously remarked that travel is “disastrous to prejudice and narrow-mindedness”. With the right attitude and the willingness to seek help, it’s more than likely that you, too, can adapt to new settings, building new memories with each new stamp in your passport.12．What is Susan B．Goldstein’s opinion about culture shock?A．It doesn’t live up to the name.B．Its cause is rarely researched.C．It is unavoidable and harmful.D．Its influence is understudied.13．Which factor determined exchange students’ performance from the study?A．Support from family.B．The level of stress.C．Their personal attitude.D．Ways of seeking help.14．How did Mark Twain feel about the European tour?A．It was a rather intolerable experience.B．It was challenging yet rewarding.C．It was an inspiration for his career.D．It was full of regrets and sorrows. 15．What’s the purpose of the passage?A．To call on travelers to bridge cultural gaps.B．To recommend a book on traveling abroad.C．To stress the significance of cultural diversity.D．To clarify the misunderstanding of culture shock.How effective are your brainstorming sessions? Does everyone get a chance to share their opinions? Do people with the loudest voices dominate the discussion? 16A popular and lively form of brainwriting is known as 6-3-5. During a 6-3-5 session,brainwriting exercises are divided into several rounds. In each round, six people write down three ideas each within five minutes. After the first round, everyone exchanges their piece of paper with someone else, reads what’s on it, and then writes down three more ideas. 17 After six rounds, all the ideas on the worksheets are shared with the group.Although this example uses six people, you can invite any number of people to your brainwriting session. Other details can also be adapted to suit your needs, including the number of rounds. 18Different from traditional brainstorming, everyone is equal in brainwriting. 19 People also have more time to think through their ideas and to develop them. This can help to encourage creativity, because it empowers people to put forward ideas that they might — in a normal brainstorming session — have considered too risky.If you think your team could benefit from a brainwriting session, you can try the skills to boost their creativity. 20 So, gather your team members, prepare enough paper, and you’re ready to go!A．Brainwriting has many advantages, too.B．Brainwriting works well as a pen-and-paper exercise.C．That’s because all participants get to contribute at the same time.D．Regular brainstorming is a tried-and-true way to generate new ideas.E．These can be new ideas, or build on ideas that have already been shared.F．One way to ensure that everyone gets a fair hearing is to use brainwriting.G．But most people find that aiming for three ideas in each round brings the best results.二、完形填空On Sept.17, 2022, a father and son set out to begin the Ironman competition in Cambridge. Jeff Agar, 59, and his son Johnny, 28, weren’t 21 competitors. Johnny’s cerebral palsy (脑瘫) presented a big 22 . But his dream of being a runner never stopped.23 to show Johnny that he could pursue his dream of being an athlete, Jeff helped him engage in 24 . They began waking up at 4 a.m. so Jeff could run while 25 his son in a special wheelchair called a racing chair. Every morning, they 26 themselves to runincreasingly longer distances. 27 , Johnny could even run a few miles using a rolling walker. Soon, they 28 5K races, then on to Ironman competition.The race began with a 2.4-mile swim. Jeff and Johnny dived into the Choptank River.29 jellyfish stings (伤), they completed the swim in 90 minutes and moved on to the bike ride. Nine hours later, they 30 the final part: a marathon. After 16 hours, 55 minutes and 35 seconds — with only minutes to 31 , father and son crossed the finish line together. Seeing the 32 scene, the crowd burst into cheers.For Jeff, the race was more than just 33 the finish line; it was about giving Johnny his moment to 34 . A father’s love and a son’s courage turned a disability into a story of 35 .21．A．ambitious B．typical C．specific D．successful 22．A．chance B．advantage C．feature D．challenge 23．A．Hesitant B．Discouraged C．Determined D．Anxious 24．A．sports B．hobbies C．amusements D．studies 25．A．lifting B．pushing C．shaking D．hugging 26．A．allowed B．reminded C．drove D．invited 27．A．Accidentally B．Unluckily C．Gradually D．Probably 28．A．entered B．watched C．quit D．hosted29．A．In case of B．In terms of C．In sight of D．In spite of 30．A．started B．missed C．enjoyed D．skipped 31．A．waste B．wait C．abandon D．spare 32．A．moving B．funny C．helpless D．messy 33．A．finding B．reaching C．imagining D．locating 34．A．think B．exercise C．shine D．relax 35．A．health B．survival C．satisfaction D．victory三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
高二下学期英语期末考试试题(附答案)
高二下学期英语期末考试试题（附答案）一、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）（共4题；共30分）1.阅读理解On 29 May last year, I was doing my swim training for a half Ironman race in the bay near my home.I was finishing my first loop (圈) when I felt jaws coming around my body and a sharp pain. The water was dark, so I couldn't see anything. It just came out of nowhere and then it was gone in a flash. I knew it was something really big and assumed it was a shark. I panicked, but knew I needed to get out of the water. I was kicking wildly in case it came back. There was a lifeguard boat close by, so I waved my arms in the air and screamed for help. It got to me within 20 seconds. At that point I didn't feel anything; adrenaline (肾上腺素) had taken over. The lifeguards held me under the arms and pulled me up out of the water. Then the pain kicked in and it was pretty hard to bear. Some muscle had been bitten off my right arm. I felt a lot of warm, gushing blood.My chest felt heavy, as if someone had put their foot on it, and I was having trouble breathing. It was extremely painful. When I got to the hospital, I told the nurses to put me to sleep because of the pain. I just wanted them to fix me.I woke up after surgery four hours later. My doctor was amazed when I managed to move my fingers: the bite just missed a major nerve. My right lung had been damaged; I had several broken bones and a nerve in my leg was cut, so I have reduced feeling at the top of my leg. The shark also bit through my upper back muscle.Local experts determined that the shark was probably 9-10 feet long. It was young, about seven years old. It just attacked me, left and didn't come back because it figured I wasn't food.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案，并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。
四川省成都市2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题
四川省成都市2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题一、阅读理解Make this summer truly memorable! We will offer your kids enriching and values-driven camp experiences!Summer Gymnastics (Time: July 1 ~ August 16)This is the perfect way for young athletes of all levels and backgrounds to stay active, learn new skills, and have fun. Led by experienced coaches, our gymnasts will have the opportunity to explore various gymnastics activities and exercises, including balance beam, bars, floor routines, and more. (Ages: 7 ~ 10; Full session: $ 5,810; Weekly: $ 865)Summer Performing Arts (Time: July 8 ~ August 2)The four-week Summer Performance Arts will feature classes in classical and modern dance, musical theatre (voice), and drama. Theater professionals in each discipline will share their experiences and skills to cultivate individual development and a passion for the arts. Campers will learn to produce a live show, and finish a student -led performance for the community at the JCCMW. (Ages: Ages 10⁺; Full Session: $ 3,000; Weekly: $ 820)Summer Dance Intensive (Time: July 8~August 2)The SDI focuses on building a strong ballet foundation and exploring jazz, modern, musical theater, and contemporary dance with guest teachers from NYC．Students at the Summer Performing Arts Camp will get personalized dance training from professionals, ending with a summer showcase. (Ages: Ages 10⁺; Full session: $ 3,000; Weekly: $ 800)Summer STEAM Camp (Time: July 1~July 26)Through hands-on activities and creative projects, children will discover the wonders of STEAM, from robotics to dinosaurs, and beyond! Watch their curiosity spark, creativity flourish, and knowledge expand in this special blend of learning and play. (Ages: 7 ~ 10; Full Session: $ 3,375; Weekly: $ 1,015)1．In which camp will kids give a live show?A．Summer Gymnastics.B．Summer Performing Arts.C．Summer Dance Intensive.D．Summer STEAM Camp.2．What do we know about Summer Dance Intensive?A．It lasts for two months.B．It costs a kid 1,640 for two weeks.C．It has classes that meet kids’ needs.D．It provides dance training for kids under 10. 3．In which column of a newspaper can this text probably be found?A．Science.B．Art.C．Advertisement.D．Travel.A Taste of China explores diverse cuisine. In this episode, we’re in Chengdu, Sichuan, exploring its spicy dishes with culinary (烹饪的) experts.Mei: Could you tell us how you fell in love with Sichuan cuisine?Jing: I grew up in Canada, feeling quite disconnected from the identity of being Chinese. After university, I went to China to work and began digging into Chinese food. At first, I was just amazed by its diversity and complexity. But the more I studied, the more I realized how little we know about Chinese food in the West. The passion for Chinese food led me to found a restaurant called Fly By Jing. It is inspired by the flavors of “fly restaurants” or cangying guan. These restaurants in Chengdu are so delicious that no matter how shabby or lacking in atmosphere, people will find them and flock to them.Mei: What do you love about Sichuan?Fuchsia: There is a saying that if you are young, you should not go to Sichuan. Its capital city — Chengdu is a relaxing, pleasure-loving city, so ambitious people should steer clear! Sichuan is best known for its folk cooking and street food. You can just go into quite ordinary-looking restaurants and have a delicious meal.Mei: What do you think is one of the main things Westerners don’t know about Sichuan cuisine?John: One of the ironies is that while Sichuan cuisine has become popular internationally, people are often taken in by this stereotype (刻板印象) that it is just about the great drama of loads of chilies and peppers in pools of oil. But the real heart and soul of Sichuan cooking lies in the flavoring. I would say that sophistication and flavoring variety is something that people often miss out on.4．What made Jing decide to found Fly By Jing?A．Her love for Chinese food.B．Her desire to get Chinese identity.C．Her understanding of Chinese culture.D．Her wish to promote Chinese culture.5．What does the underlined phrase “steer clear” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Stay away.B．Move forward.C．Pass down.D．Pull through. 6．What is the common misunderstanding of Sichuan cuisine?A．It may cause health problems.B．It is very popular in the world.C．Its soul lies in the amazing flavor.D．It is all about chilies and peppers in oil. 7．What is the text mainly about?A．Ways to make local food.B．The charm of Sichuan food.C．Experts’tips on Sichuan cuisine.D．Differences between eastern and western food.Air pollution is among the biggest threats against humans, which causes seven million early deaths a year. To fight this problem, four friends put their heads together and designed CityTree, which is a mobile structure that can capture as many pollutants as a forest made up of 275 trees. What makes the ‘tree’ special is that it’s not a regular tree at all; it is made up of moss cultures (苔藓培养物) that do a great job of absorption.“Moss cultures have a much larger surface than any other plant,” Zhengliang Wu, co-founder of Green City Solutions, explained to CNN. “That means we can capture more pollutants.” The entire ‘tree’ sustains itself using solar panels that generate electricity so that it can collect rainwater itself. To monitor the health of the moss, the CityTree has sensors which measure temperature and water quality.Now, about 20 CityTrees can be found in major cities like Oslo, and Paris. The team also has plans to introduce the CityTree to cities in lower-income countries, which may have worse air pollution.However, Gary Fuller, an expert on air pollution, thinks that the concept of an urban air purifier might be too ambitious. “Even if you had a perfect air cleaner, getting the surrounding air in contact with it is really hard,” he said. Pollution made by cars, for example, spreads upwards afew kilometers into the air. “Efforts would be better put into stopping the pollution from forming in the first place,” he added.In response, the CityTree inventors say that they are aware of this and choose the location of each CityTree carefully. They are also testing a system to create their own air flow that draws the pollution to the “tree”.8．What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning the CityTree?A．Its appearance.B．Its operating process.C．How it works.D．How it gets powered.9．What is Gary Fuller’s attitude to the CityTree?A．Doubtful.B．Intolerant.C．Worried.D．Unclear. 10．What will the CityTree inventors probably do?A．Develop a new type of air cleaner.B．Make improvements to the structure.C．Redirect efforts to make greener cars.D．Expand their business in rich countries. 11．Which of the following is the best title for this text?A．Global Efforts in Planting Trees B．The Alarming Trend of Air PollutionC．A Structure that Will Change the World D．The ‘Tree’ with the Green Benefits of a ForestDid you know the basic structure of your brain is very similar to that of other mammals? This surprising fact says a lot about animal thought because having brains and hormones(激素) similar to those of humans makes other mammals(哺乳动物) act, feel, and think much like we do.In fact, animals actually possess cognition, the ability to acquire knowledge. Elephants consciously(有意识地) learn which plants to eat from older elephants by observing them and tasting the foods they eat. So, while our experience of the world might differ from theirs, consciousness is not a privilege(特权) limited to us.And brains can even teach us about how animals feel. For instance, oxytocin, a kind of hormone, is essential in forming bonds in humans as well as other mammals. So, if it’s blocked in an individual’s brain, they’re likely to feel alone. The fact that the same is true for humans and animals suggests a similarity both in our brains and our feelings.But what about the animals with tiny brains? Can they feel too? Actually, brain size is a poor indicator of animal intelligence. A better one is how much an animal’s brain has in commonwith ours. That’s because a larger brain, while it means more computing power, isn’t necessarily helpful. For example, tuna have smaller brains than dolphins but are just as good at hunting.Large brains are necessary for being social and cooperating with others. That’s because when individuals are responsible for the survival of a group, a bigger or social brain is needed. In the case of animals that do have social brains, like elephants, whales, and dolphins, it’s hard to deny that they’re thinking and feeling like humans when their brains so closely resemble ours. 12．Why are elephants mentioned in paragraph 2?A．To compare humans and animals.B．To illustrate animals’ ability to learn.C．To introduce elephants’ eating habits.D．To prove elephants are social animals. 13．What will oxytocin’s being reduced lead to?A．Increased loneliness.B．Improved hunting skills.C．Poore r social ability.D．Stronger bonds with others.14．What does the underlined phrase “A better one” in paragraph 4 refer to?A．A larger brain.B．A more brilliant mind.C．A sharper sense.D．A more reliable indicator.15．What message does this text mainly intend to convey?A．Brain size is vital to intelligence.B．Consciousness is not humans’ privilege.C．Mammals may think and feel like humans.D．Animals share similar brain structure with humans.Managing Conflict with HumorLaughter is a powerful tool. 16 Here’s how to use humor to resolve disagreements and strengthen your relationships.Make sure you’re both in on the joke. Humor can help you overcome conflict only when both parties are in on the joke. 17 If he or she isn’t likely to appreciate the joke, don’t say or do it, even if it’s “all in good fun”. When the joking is one-sided rather than mutual, it can damage the relationship.18 Humor helps you face challenges in life. But there are times when humor is not healthy. For example, sometimes it is used as a cover for avoiding painful emotions. You can befunny about the truth, but hiding the truth isn’t funny. When you do that, you create confusion and mistrust in your relationships.Develop a smart sense of humor. Some find it easier than others to use humor, especially in tense situations. If your efforts aren’t going over well, start by using self-deprecating (自嘲的) humor. We all love people who don’t take themselves too seriously. After all, nobody is perfect and we all make mistakes. So, if you’re having a bad hair day, make a joke about it. 19 Tap into (发掘) your playful side. It’s understandable to fear rejection when attempting humor. However, it’s important to point out that you don’t need to be a comedian to use humor to manage conflict. The point isn’t to impress the other person, but simply to lighten the mood.20 It can lower the other person’s defenses and put you both in a more positive state of mind. A．Some jokes are easy to understand.B．Avoid humor when facing challenges.C．Don’t use humor to cover up other emotions.D．So it’s important to be sensitive to the other person.E．Therefore, don’t be afraid to simply act silly like a kid.F．It brings people closer, managing conflict, and reducing tension.G．Even if the joke falls flat, the only person you risk offending is yourself.二、完形填空Chiara Beer, 27, who lives in Winchester, suffered a serious stroke(中风) as a baby. As a result, she 21 movement on her right side, almost completely unable to use her arm.22 , the stroke also made her unable to read or write.Growing up with this 23 , as she got older, Chiara realised there was a huge lack of resources and information for young stroke survivors, so she decided to start 24 content on social media.The determined 27 year old began posting videos about her own story of stroke survival and 25 various aspects of her day to day life, living with only one working arm, for example, how she drives using a car 26 adapted for the disabled.She 27 a huge outpouring of love and support from her viewers, includingmessages of love from other stroke survivors and people who suffer from other similar disabilities, 28 her for showing them little tricks on how to become more 29 .“The 30 has been good. I get a lot of messages from 31 , saying I’ve helped them because now their child can be independent. And I also get messages from young adults who have had strokes telling me how their lives have 32 .”Chiara 33 that she loves knowing she is able to offer 34 to other young stroke survivors. She said: “I wanted to raise awareness about young people having strokes and also I wanted to help them to find a way to live independently. It makes me 35 that I can help.”21．A．made B．lost C．directed D．sensed 22．A．After all B．More importantly C．For instance D．Worse still 23．A．appearance B．mind C．injury D．disability 24．A．analyzing B．recording C．sharing D．collecting 25．A．showing B．observing C．exploring D．tracking 26．A．simply B．strangely C．specially D．temporarily 27．A．expected B．expressed C．witnessed D．received 28．A．forgiving B．thanking C．rewarding D．congratulating 29．A．respectable B．responsible C．intelligent D．independent 30．A．response B．presentation C．phenomenon D．cooperation 31．A．doctors B．teachers C．friends D．parents 32．A．extended B．changed C．recovered D．shone 33．A．confirmed B．remembered C．admitted D．advocated 34．A．support B．service C．comments D．opportunities 35．A．curious B．ambitious C．considerate D．delighted三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试题(含答案)
山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试题2024. 07注意事项：1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，考生务必将姓名、班级等个人信息填写在答题卡指定位置。
3. 考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。
选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答。
超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the man come to the schoolA. By car.B. On foot.C. By bike.2. What does the man have in his gardenA. Trees.B. BushesC. Flowers.3. When did the man go to CanadaA. Last year.B. Two years ago.C. Five years ago.4. Where are the speakersA. On a farm.B. At home.C. In a supermarket.5. What are the speakers mainly discussingA. How to sort out rubbish.B. How to ensure city safety.C. How to protect the environment.第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
安徽省滁州市2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试 英语含答案
2024年滁州市高二教学质量监测英语（答案在最后）注意事项：1．答卷前，务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡和试卷上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，务必擦净后再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the man do first after class?A．Meet the woman.B．See Prof.Smith.C．Attend a lecture.2．Where will Peter spend his vacation?A．New York.B．Paris.C．Beijing.3．When does the movie begin?A．At10:30.B．At8:30.C．At6:30.4．Where are the speakers?A．At a swimming pool.B．In a clothing shop.C．At a school lab.5．How does the woman go to work?A．By car.B．On foot.C．By bike.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the possible relationship between the speakers?A．Classmates.B．Co-workers.C．Strangers.7．How does the woman feel about Jack’s situation?A．Embarrassed.B．Disappointed.C．Concerned.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
天津市五区县重点校联考2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试 英语含答案
2023～2024学年度第二学期期末重点校联考高二英语（答案在最后）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）、第二卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷选择题（共110分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分15分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）听下面五段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman probably want to do?A.Write a paper.B.Attend a class.C.Get some sleep.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When will the man see his parents?A.At11:00.B.At10:00.C.At9:00.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why didn’t the man see the woman at breakfast time?A.She went for a long walk.B.She finished her breakfast early.C.She didn’t go to the dining hall.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman think of the new art museum?A.It is nice inside.B.It looks attractive outside.C.It has no attraction for her.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What did the woman do with the report?A.She made suggestions on it.B.She asked the man to rewrite it.C.She got someone else to read it.第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）听下面几段材料，每段材料后有几个小题。