全国在职研究生考试英语二卷
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题含答案解析
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题含答案解析2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person wont be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifits doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other life changes also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.Its important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be abletomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like youre alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognize when yourefeeling like its all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when youre _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-minded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretful20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Text 1Anger over AIs role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technologys future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,arguesthat the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,saysCoyle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing the benefits—if theyre just seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."Were talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in theUnited States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor aboutone-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographicaldisparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce peoples workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys relianceon timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UKs wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic woodsupply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUKs net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernments inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodpetition among traders at homeD.wood producersmotive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmersunwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physiciansadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a fewconsider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."Theres not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If were going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But thats a very shortsightedview,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,dont respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And its a reminder that theEPAs involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,arent thinking about next years blue erab harvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.Itsworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its usershealth information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hopingto bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopefuls extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended period of time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in aschool-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they re going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet programassistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Studentsdetermination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmersmarkets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmersmarkets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the areas agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味，摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，人们友好地聊天，农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)真题+答案解析完整版
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the bestword(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B5 C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if you are a writer, you will find the time; and that if you can't find the time, then writing isn't a priority, and you are not a writer. For him, writing is a —1 — job—a job like any other. He has_2_ it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work with pipes today.—3—3like most writers these days, you're holding down a job to pay the bills, ifs not _4_ to find the time to write. But it's not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness. —5—that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly _6_ often have to do other work to _7_ their writing income.Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the "unretirement” trend. Other reasons, a ccording to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit5 preventing boredom or avoiding depression.About 72% of "unretire” respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet."The concept of retirement is evolving,” said Christine Russell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. ”lt's not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.”One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16%in 20185 up 3.2% from the prior year, according to the U.S Census Bureau. Thafs also up 30.2% since 2010.Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretirees” are increasingtheir savings in anticipation of a longer life, according tothe survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.“The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring；1Facet Wealth cofounder Brent Weiss told USA Today. "It's not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire/126. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that[A] over half of the retirees are physically fit for work[B] the old workforce is as active as the younger one[C] one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement[D] more Americans are willing to work in retirement27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that __________[A] retirement may cause problems for them[B] boredom can be relieved after retirement[C] the mental health of retirees is overlooked[D] “unretirement” contributes to the economy28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to[A] labor shortages[B] population growth[C] longer life expectancy[D] rising living costs29. Many retires are increasing in savings by __________[A] investing more in stocks[B] taking up odd jobs[C] getting well paid work[D] spending less30. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks thatmany people are __________[A] unprepared[B] unafraid[C] disappointed[D] enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways thatimpair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, "dark patterns11is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel, where user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussionthe customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception”.Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that ensures that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. The regulations aim to ban dark pattern—this means prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out.As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only iforganizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standard.31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs thatdark patterns __________ .[A] improve user experiences[B] leak user information for profit[C] undermine users* decision-making[D] remind users of hidden costs32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show■[A] their major flaws[B] their complex designs[C] their severe damage[D] their strong presence33. To handle digital deception, businesses should[A] listen to customer feedback[B] talk with relevant teams[C] turn to independent agencies[D] rely on professional training34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to __________ .[A] guide users through opt-out processes[B] protect consumers from being tricked[C] grant companies data privacy rights[D] restrict access to problematic content35. According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is __________ .[A] new legal requirements[B] businesses1 self -discipline[C] strict regulatory standards[D] consumers* safety awarenessText 4Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior, evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class sessions1 impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students1attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11 -minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead.Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for thatsemester一nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.Thafs actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention, Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: "Easy come, easy go.”Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence ・ classmates or teaching assistantsAs Harlan Coben has suggested ifs a_8—of priorities. To make writing a priority, youll have to _9—some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy.Depending on your _10—and your lifestyle that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write _11—they listen to music. You might have to _12_ the amount of exercise or sport you do. Youll have to make social media an —13—activity rather than a daily, time-consuming —14_. Therell probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family. Ifs a_ 15_ learning curve, and it won't always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for3_16—your writing and thafs reading. Any write needs to read as much and as wildly as they can. It's the one _17_ supporter一something you can't do without.Time is finite. The older you get, the _18—it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as _19— as weleading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now there searchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants eating habits and students1video exposure Meanwhile Schwitzgebel who had predicted no effect-will be eating his words.36. Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are __________ .[A] hard to determine[B] narrowly interpreted[C] difficult to ignore[D] poorly summarized37. Which of the following is a reason for the researchersto study meat-eating?[A] It is common among students.[B] It is a behavior easy to measure.[C] It is important to students1 health.[D] It is a hot topic in ethics classes38. Eric SchwitzgebePs previous findings suggest that ethics professors __________ .[A] are seldom critical of their students[B] are less sociable than other professors[C] are not sensitive to political issues[D] are not necessarily ethically better39. Nina Strohminger thinks that effect of the intervention is __________ .[A] permanent[B] predictable[C] uncertain[D] unrepeatable40. Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students* change in behavior __________ .[A] can bring psychological benefits[B] can be analyzed statistically[C] is a result of multiple factors[D] is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Make it a habit[B] Don't go it alone[C] Start low, go slow[D] Talk with your doctor[E] Listen to your body[F] Go through the motions[G] Round out your routineHow to Get Active AgainGetting back into exercise after a break can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days, it can be tricky to know where to start. And it is important to get the right dose of activity. "Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout」says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safely after a break.41. ___________________________Don f t try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps. Increase time, distance, and intensity gradually."This isn't something you can do overnight/1says Keri L. Denay, MD. lead author of a recent American College of Sports Medicine advisory that encourages Americans to not overlook the benefits of activity during the pandemic. But youll reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away.42. ___________________________If you're breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immediately.43. ___________________________Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina. Ten minutes of activity per day isa good start says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because ifs the easiest, most accessible form of exercise. Although it canbe a workout on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling or any other activity walking is also a great first step.44. ___________________________Even if you can't yet do a favorite activity, you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket swing like you're hitting the ball. Paddle like you're in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again.45. ___________________________Exercising with others H can keep you accountable and make it more fun5so you're more likely to do it again,”Jackovitz says. You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can't connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood. FaceTime with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home. You can also join a livestream or on-demand exercise class.Section III Translation46. Directions: In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Although we try out best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials, and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realize that when one door closes, another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking outside the box will become your second nature.In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you are more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are planning a campus food festival, write an email to international students in your university to1) introduce the food festival2) invite them to participateYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words in the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案Section I Use of English1-5 BBADC 6-10 ACCBB 11-15 CDBAA 16-20 DADCDSection II Reading Comprehension21-25 DCCBA 26-30 DACDA 31-35 CDBBB 36-40 ABDCC 41-45CEAFBSection III Translation46. 参考译文虽然我们会竭尽全力，但有时我们的画作还是会和我们原本设想的不太一样。
在职研究生英语练习题二 参考答案
在职研究生英语练习题二参考答案Part I Vocabulary and Structure1-5 ABCDA 6-10 CDABB11-15 ABBAA 16-20 BBCDAPart II. Cloze1-5 DACBA 6-10 CDBAC11-15 BADCB 16-20 ACBDD21-25 BAADC 26-30 DBAAB31-35 ACDBC 36-40 ADDACⅢ. Reading Comprehension1-5 CBDBB 6-10 CCBDAPartⅣ Translate the following sentences into English.1. Research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activate empathy and the desire to connect with others.2. Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty and flourished throughout the Song Dynasty, when tea had become a necessity for almost everyone, such as rice, oil and salt.3. Nothing will be clean until it is cleansed. Nothing will be pure until it is refined. Only by ridding ourselves of any banality, canwe become truly original. （孙联奎《诗品臆说》）4. Our world is full of both hope and challenges. We should not give up on our dreams because the reality around us is too complicated; we should not stop pursuing our ideals because they seem out of our reach.5. A country will be full of hope and have a great tomorrow only when its younger generations have ideals, ability, and a strong sense of responsibility.6. If love between both sides can last for aye，Why need they stay together night and day? 这里last for aye中，aye意为“永远”，古英语，这里用看上去比forever要典雅。
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023 National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination (Part 2) English Test QuestionsPart A: Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)Questions 1-5Read the following passage and answer the questions below.The North Pole is known for its icy landscapes and freezing temperatures. It is a place that many people dream of visiting, but very few ever get the chance to experience. The North Pole is located in the Arctic Ocean at the northernmost point of the Earth. It is covered by a thick layer of ice that is constantly shifting and changing.1. What is the North Pole known for?2. Where is the North Pole located?3. Describe the climate at the North Pole.4. Why do few people get the chance to visit the North Pole?5. What covers the North Pole?Questions 6-10Read the following passage and answer the questions below.In recent years, there has been a growing interest ineco-friendly transportation options. Electric cars, bicycles, and public transportation are just a few examples of environmentally friendly ways to get around. These options not only help reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions but also promote a healthier lifestyle for individuals.6. What is the focus of recent interest in transportation options?7. Name two examples of eco-friendly transportation options.8. How do eco-friendly transportation options benefit the environment?9. In what way do eco-friendly transportation options promote a healthier lifestyle?10. Explain why eco-friendly transportation options are important.Part B: Writing (60 minutes)Essay Question:In recent years, the importance of sustainable living has become more evident in our society. Discuss the ways in which individuals can contribute to environmental sustainability in their daily lives. Provide examples to support your argument.End of ExamThis document is a practice test for the 2023 National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (Part 2). Do not write on this document.篇22023 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (II) English TestPart I Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 1-5Q1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The importance of sleep for overall healthB. The effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive functionC. The link between sleep and memoryD. The role of dreams in the sleep cycleQ2. According to the passage, what are some of the consequences of sleep deprivation?A. Increased focus and attentionB. Improved mood and emotional regulationC. Impaired decision-making and memoryD. Enhanced creativity and problem-solving skillsQ3. What does the author suggest is the best way to improve memory and cognitive function?A. Taking naps throughout the dayB. Practicing mindfulness meditationC. Getting enough quality sleepD. Consuming caffeine and stimulantsQ4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential benefit of dreaming?A. Emotional processingB. Memory consolidationC. Problem-solvingD. Physical healingQ5. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To recommend specific techniques for improving sleep qualityB. To explain the role of sleep in the brain's restorative processesC. To outline the stages of the sleep cycleD. To highlight the importance of prioritizing sleep for cognitive healthPassage 2Questions 6-10Q6. According to the passage, what factor has contributed to the decline in bee populations?A. Climate changeB. Pesticide useC. Habitat lossD. All of the aboveQ7. How do bees benefit the environment?A. By providing honey for human consumptionB. By pollinating plants and cropsC. By controlling the insect populationD. By producing beeswax for commercial useQ8. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A. The importance of protecting bees for human healthB. The decline in bee populations and its causesC. The economic value of honey productionD. The role of bees in food productionQ9. According to the passage, what is one way individuals can help protect bees?A. Planting bee-friendly flowers and plantsB. Avoiding honey consumptionC. Using chemical pesticides in the gardenD. Destroying beehives found on private propertyQ10. What is the author's main message in the passage?A. Bees are an essential part of ecosystems and human survivalB. Bees are a nuisance and should be eradicatedC. Pesticides are necessary for crop productionD. Declining bee populations will not impact food securityPart II Usage (10%)Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11. _______, he managed to finish the project on time.A. However busy was heB. Busy as he wasC. As he was busyD. He was however busy12. The guests were ________ by the variety of dishes at the banquet.A. impressB. impressedC. impressedlyD. impression13. It is essential that you _______ the terms of the contract before signing it.A. understandB. understandsC. understoodD. understanding14. The teacher asked the students to work ________ on the assignment.A. independentB. independentlyC. independentliestD. independence15. She showed me _______ dog she had adopted from the shelter.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whoPart III Writing (50%)Directions: Write an essay of about 600 words on the following topic:"It is often said that technology has greatly influenced the way we communicate with each other. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using technology to communicate. Provide examples to support your argument."Remember to:1. State your opinion clearly in the introduction.2. Support each point with relevant examples.3. Summarize your points and restate your opinion in the conclusion.---This is just a sample of the type of questions you may encounter in the 2023 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (II) English Test. The actual test may vary in format and content. Good luck to all the test-takers.篇32023 National Graduate Entrance Examination (English) TestPart I. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, choose the one most suitable answer from the options given.Passage 1Recent studies have shown the positive impact of meditation on mental health. It has been found that regular meditation can reduce stress levels, improve focus and concentration, and increase overall well-being. Some researchers even believe that meditation can help in the treatment of anxiety and depression.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of meditationB. The benefits of meditationC. The negative effects of meditationD. The types of meditation techniques2. According to the passage, how can meditation benefit mental health?A. By increasing stress levelsB. By decreasing focus and concentrationC. By improving well-beingD. By causing anxiety and depression3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of meditation?A. Reduce stress levelsB. Improve focus and concentrationC. Increase anxiety and depressionD. Treat mental health issuesPassage 2The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly popular in recent years. Many industries are now using AI technology to streamline processes and improve efficiency. However, concerns have been raised about the ethical implications of AI and its potential impact on jobs.4. What is the main point of the passage?A. The benefits of AI technologyB. The popularity of AI technologyC. The ethical concerns of AI technologyD. The impact of AI technology on jobs5. According to the passage, why are concerns being raised about AI technology?A. Its potential impact on jobsB. Its efficiency in streamlining processesC. Its popularity in recent yearsD. Its lack of ethical implications6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a use of AI technology?A. Streamline processesB. Improve efficiencyC. Replace human jobsD. Ethical implicationsSection BDirections: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The tourism industry plays a significant role in the global economy, generating billions of dollars in revenue each year. As more people travel for leisure and business, the demand for travel services such as flights, accommodation, and tours has increased. However, there are growing concerns about the impact of mass tourism on the environment and local communities.7. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The economic impact of the tourism industryB. The demand for travel servicesC. The benefits of mass tourismD. The concerns about the impact of mass tourism8. Why has the demand for travel services increased?A. More people are traveling for leisure and businessB. The tourism industry is failingC. The impact of mass tourism on the environmentD. The decrease in revenue each year9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern of mass tourism?A. Environmental impactB. Economic benefitsC. Impact on local communitiesD. Cultural preservationPart II. Cloze Test (20 points)Directions: For each blank in the passage below, there are four words or phrases marked a, b, c, and d. Choose the one that best fits the context and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.Cities around the world are facing the challenges of rapid urbanization. As the population continues to (10)______ in urban areas, cities are struggling to provide adequate housing, transportation, and infrastructure. One of the key issues facingurban planners is (11)______ to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. The rise of mega-cities has led to increased traffic congestion and pollution, (12)______ creating a strain on resources and public services. Without sustainable planning and development, cities will (13)______ to meet the needs of their growing populations.10. a. gatherb. concentratec. dispersed. distribute11. a. decideb. determiningc. decidingd. decision12. a. consequentiallyb. consequentlyc. consequentlyd. consequent13. a. failureb. succeedc. forgetd. preparePart III. Writing (40 points)Directions: Write an essay of at least 300 words on one of the following topics. Make sure to use examples and arguments to support your ideas.1. The impact of technology on education2. The importance of environmental conservation3. The role of social media in societyThis concludes the 2023 National Graduate Entrance Examination (English) Test. Good luck to all the candidates!。
2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题
2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题2023 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination in English II2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题Section I: Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation(1)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.People may think that sight and hearing are the most important senses for human beings, but we can go without them and still live quite a(n) (1) life. It is true that a person who is blind or deaf has to develop other senses more, but this does not make his life impossible. However, one thing humans cannot survive without is touch.Touch provides information about the world around us. It tells us whether an object is (2) or cold, rough or smooth, hard or soft. We touch things to find out what they are like and to learn about the world we live in. We learn about (3) from touch very young, and even when we are grown, we continue learning from it. That is why people who cannot see or hear canlearn to do things almost as well as anybody else, but people who cannot touch things cannot live on their own.There have been studies done on infants who were (4) touch from other people because of insensitivity to pain. These children have a difficult time holding a baby bottle or writing. If they don't have the sensation of touch, they will not be able to live alone when they grow up.When a person loses touch with another person, or when a person gets cut off from the society around him, he feels alone. We need touch as much as we need to eat or sleep. If we (5) away from people who are close, we suffer even more than we do when we cannot eat or sleep.Part B: Listening Comprehension(1)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear short conversations. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.(2)Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following conversation.M: Have you thought about which college you want to go to?W: Yeah, I've been considering several options. But I'm still not sure where to go.Question 6: What has the woman been doing?Question 7: What is the woman's current situation?Question 8: What can be inferred from the conversation?(4)Questions 9 to 11 are based on the following conversation.M: I heard that there will be a new professor for the psychology course next semester.W: Yes, and I hope he will assign less reading than the previous professor.(5)Question 9: What will happen next semester?Question 10: How does the woman feel about the previous professor?Question 11: What can be inferred about the woman?(6)Questions 12 to 15 are based on the following passage.M: Excuse me, could you please give me directions to the nearest post office?W: Sure, just walk straight ahead for about three blocks. It will be on your left.Question 12: Where does the man want to go?Question 13: How far is it from the man's location?Question 14: Which direction should the man go?Question 15: What can be inferred from the conversation?Section II: Reading Comprehension (30 minutes)Part A: Text Completion(1)Directions: Read the following three texts. Choose the best option (A, B, C, or D) for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)Text 1Many people nowadays choose to (16) physically active to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Whether it's jogging, swimming, cycling, or participating in team sports, exercise is an important part of our daily routine. However, there are numerous benefits to adding a new dimension to your regular exercise program: engaging in mindfulness exercises.(3)Text 2Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer just science fiction. It is now a (17) part of our daily lives. From voice assistants like Siri and Alexa torecommendation systems on streaming platforms, AI algorithms are at the core of these technologies. Despite its increasing influence, AI still (18) many people.(4)Text 3Being organized is a valuable (19) for success. It helps us manage our time effectively, reduces stress, and increases productivity. However, staying (20) is not always easy, especially in today's fast-paced world.Part B: Reading Comprehension(1)Directions: Read the following three passages. Answer the questions according to the information given in each passage. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.(2)Passage 1(3)Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the oceans, causing serious environmental problems. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, located between California and Hawaii, is a massive collection of floating debris that spans an area twice the size of Texas. Plastic waste poses a significant threat to marine life, as animals can mistake it for food or become entangled in it.To tackle this issue, various solutions have been proposed, including plastic recycling and reducing single-use plastics. However, one innovative approach gaining attention is the use of sustainable materials for packaging and product design.(4)Passage 2(5)Space tourism has long been considered a futuristic concept reserved for the wealthy elite. However, with advancements in technology and private space companies like SpaceX, the dream of traveling to space may soon become a reality for ordinary citizens. While the cost of space travel remains high, several companies are working on making it more accessible to the general public.(6)Passage 3(7)The concept of universal basic income (UBI) has gained traction in recent years as a potential solution to income inequality and automation-induced job loss. UBI involves providing every citizen with a guaranteed income, regardless of their employment status. Proponents argue that it could alleviate poverty, provide a safety net, and empower individuals to pursue their passions and entrepreneurial endeavors.Section III: Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes)Part A: Vocabulary(1)Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)1. The new shopping mall offers a wide variety of __________, from luxury brands to affordable options.2. The employee's __________ performance led to his promotion.3. The professor's lecture was so __________ that many of the students fell asleep.4. The company has implemented stricter __________ measures to prevent theft.5. The book provides a __________ overview of the history of modern art.Part B: Grammar and Structure(1)Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)6. She __________ studying for two hours when her friends called her.7. __________ you bring an umbrella, you will get wet in the rain.8. The teacher asked the students __________ they had finished their homework.9. I wish I __________ more time to spend with my family.10. It's __________ that we finish the report by tomorrow.Section IV: Error Correction (10 minutes)(1)Directions: There are ten errors in the following passage. Each line contains one error. You should correct the errors by underlining the incorrect part and writing the correct part in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.(2)Example:My father is lawyer. My father is a lawyer.(3)Text:China has a long history ancient civilization, (11)_________________________________dating back over 5,000 years. It is known by (12)_________________________________its rich cultural heritage and many historical (13)_________________________________landmarks. The Great Wall of China being one (14)_________________________________the most famous attractions in the world, (15)_________________________________drawing millions visitors each year. In (16)_________________________________addition, Chinese cuisine has become (17)_________________________________popular all around a world, with dishes (18)_________________________________such as dumplings and Peking duck enjoyed (19)_________________________________by people around the globe. The Chinese (20)_________________________________Section V: Writing (30 minutes)(1)Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write an essay on the topic of "The Benefits of Bilingual Education." You should write at least 250 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:(2)双语教育的好处(3)1. 双语教育可以提高语言能力；2. 双语教育对认知能力的提升有积极影响；3. 双语教育有助于培养跨文化沟通能力；4. 双语教育对就业和全球竞争力的意义。
2022年全国研究生考试英语(二)真题及答案
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2022年全国研究生考试 真题与答案英语（二）台风天搞农业2022年考研英语（二）真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer, you'll find the time; and that if you can't find the time, then writing isn't a priority and you're not a writer. For him writing is a _____(1)job-a job like any other. He has _____(2)it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work with pipes today. _____(3), like most writers these days, you' re holding down a job to pay the bills, it's not_____(4)to find the time to write. But it's not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness._____(5)that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly _____(6)often have to do other work to _____(7)their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested it's a_____(8)of priorities. To make writing a priority, you'll have to _____(9)some of yourday-to-day-activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your _____(10)and your life style, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write _____(11)they listen to music. You might have to_____(12)the a mount of exercise or sport you do. You'll have to make social media an _____(13) activity rather than a dailytime-consuming_____(14). There'll probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family. It'sa_____(15)learning curve, and it won't always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, _____(16)your writing-and that's reading. And writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can; it's the one_____(17)supporter-something you can't do without.Time is finite. The older you get, the _____(18)it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as_____(19)as we can. That means prioritising our activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you're a writer, thatmeans_____(20)writing.1. A.difficult B.normal C.steady D.pleasant2. bined pared C.confusedD.confronted3. A.If B.Through C.Once D.Unless4. A.enough B.strange C.wrong D.easy5. A.Accept B.Explain C.RememberD.Suppose6. A.well-known B.well-advised C.well-informedD.well-chosen7. A.donate B.generate C.supplementD.calculate8. A.cause B.purpose C.question D.condition9. A.highlight B.sacrifice C.continue D.explore10. A.relations B.interests C.memories D.skills11. A.until B.because C.while D.before12. A.put up with B.make up of C.hang on toD.cut down on13. A.intelligent B.occasional C.intensiveD.emotional14. A.habit B.test C.decision D.plan15. A.tough B.gentle C.rapid D.funny16. A.in place of B.in charge of C.in response toD.in addition to17. A.indispensable B.innovative C.invisibleD.instant18. A.duller B.harder C.quieter D.quicker19. A.peacefully B.generously C.productivelyD.gratefully20. A.at most B.in turn C.on average D.above allSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1On a recent sunny day13.000 chickens roam over Larry Brown's 40 windswept acres in Shiner Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car others drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but it's by design, part of what the $6.1 billion US. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen. are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they're also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture-special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change."I'm excited about our progress," says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is adding more covercrops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds' waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements "allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers."The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. in barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg roll out is successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandy wine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any. improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, andpasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect environment. Young adults "really care about the planet," says John Brunnquell, president of Eggs Innovations. "They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they're doing.21. the climate-friendly eggs are produced _____.A.at a considerably low costB.at the demand of regular shoppersC.as a replacement for organic eggsD.on specially designed forms22. Larry Brown is excited about his progress in _____.A.reducing the damage of climate changeB.accelerating the disposal of wasteC.creating sustainable systemD.attracting customers to his products23. the example of organic eggs is used in the Paragraph if to suggest _____.A.the doubts to over natural feedsB.the set breaks in the eggs industryC.the potential of regenerative productsD.the promotional success of super markets24. It can be learned from paragraph that young people_____.A.are reluctant to change their dietB.are likely to buy climate friendly eggsC.are curious about new foodD.are amazed at agriculture advances25 John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative products _____.A.markets prospectsB.standard definitionC.market prospectD.moral implicationText 2More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprisingis that more than half of "unretirees"-those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring -said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the "unretirement" trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression. About 72% of "unretiree" respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet."The concept of retirement is evolving." said Christine Russell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. "It's not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement."One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segmentof the U.S. workforce, and boomers are expected to live longer than previous generations. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February, up from anall-time low of 10% in January 1985, according to money manager United Income.Because of longer life spans. Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2,000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretirees" are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life. according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring." Weiss said. "It's not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire.26. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicatesthat_____.A.over half of the retirees are physically fit for workB.the old workforce is as active as the younger one doseC.one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirementD.more Americans are willing to work in retirement27. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that_____.A.retirement may cause problems for themB.boredom can be relieved after retirementC.the mental health of retirees is overlookedD."unretirement" contributes to the economy28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to_____.bor shortageB.population growthC.longer life expectancyD.rising living costs29. Many retirees are increasing their savings by_____.A.investing more in stocksB.taking up odd jobsC.getting well-paid workD.spending less30. With regard to retirement, Bent Weiss thinks that many people are_____.A.unpreparedB.unafraidC.disappointedD.enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked o frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are example of patterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brig null, dark patterns" is a catch-all tern for practices that manipulateuser interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brig null identifies 12 types of common dark patters, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel." where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception."Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. "The regulations aim to ban dark patterns-this means prohibiting companies from using" confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out.As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability form within the business community. Dark patterns also be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standards.31. It can be learned from the first two paragrphs that dark patterns _____.A.improve user experienceB.leak user information for profitC.undermine users decision-makingD.remind users of hidden costs32. The 2019 study on dark pattern is mentioned to show _____.A.their major flawsB.their complex designsC.their severe damageD.their strong presence33. To handle digital deception business should _____.A.listen to customer feedbackB.talk with relevant teamsC.turn to independent agenciesD.rely on professional training34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to _____.A.guide user though opt-out processesB.protect consumers from being trickedC.grant companies data privacy rightD.restrict access to problematic content35. According to the last paragraph a key to coping with dark patterns is _____.A.new legal requirementsB.business self-disciplineC.strict regulatory standardsD.consumers' safety awarenessText4Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests on sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzeebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students' attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, theresearchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester -nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent."That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention," Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: Easy come, easy go.Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence-classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants" eating habits and students' video exposure. Meanwhile. Schwitzgebel-who had predicted no effect will be eating his words.36. Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are _____.A.hard to determineB.narrowly interpretedC.difficult to ignoreD.poorly summarized37. Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat eating?A.It is common among students.B.It is a behavior easy to measure.C.It is important to students' health.D.It is a hot topic in ethics classes.38. Eric Schwitzgebel's previous findings suggest that ethics professors _____.A.are seldom critical of their studentsB.are less sociable than other professors.C.are not sensitive to political issuesD.are not necessarily ethically better39. Nina Strolminger thinks that the effect of the intervention is _____.A.permanentB.predictableC.uncertainD.unrepeatable40. Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students' change in behavior_____.A.can bring psychological benefitsB.can be analyzed statisticallyC.is a result of multiple factorsD.is a sign of self-developmentSection II Reading ComprehensionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How to Get Active Again After a Break.Moving your body has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression, lower rates of many types of cancer and the risk of a heart-attack, and improve overall immunity. It also helps build strength and stamina.Getting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days because of COVID-19 concerns, it can be tricky to know where to start. And it's important to get the right dose of activity. "Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout," says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington.The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safely after a break._____(41)Don't try to go back to what you were -doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps reduce activity to ½mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps.Increase time, distance, and intensity gradually. "This isn't something you can do overnight," Denay says. But you'll reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away._____(42)If you're breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immediately._____(43)Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina.Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start, says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it's the easiest, most accessible form of exercise. Although it can be a workout on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling, or any other activity, walking is also a great first step._____(44)Even if you can't yet do a favorite activity, you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket, swing like you're hitting the ball. Paddle like you're in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will -remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again._____(45)Exercising with others "Can keep you account-able and make it more fun, so you're more likely to do it again," Jackovitz says.You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can't connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood. FaceTime or Zoom with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home.You can also join a livestream or on-demand exercise class. SilverSneakers offers them for older adults, or try EverWalk for virtual challenges.41._____A.Start low, go slowB.Round out your routineC.Talk with your doctorD.Make it a habitE.Go through the motionsF.Don't go it aloneG.Listen to your body42._____A.Start low, go slowB.Round out your routineC.Talk with your doctorD.Make it a habitE.Go through the motionsF.Don't go it aloneG.Listen to your body43._____A.Start low, go slowB.Round out your routineC.Talk with your doctorD.Make it a habitE.Go through the motionsF.Don't go it aloneG.Listen to your body44._____A.Start low, go slowB.Round out your routineC.Talk with your doctorD.Make it a habitE.Go through the motionsF.Don't go it aloneG.Listen to your body45._____A.Start low, go slowB.Round out your routineC.Talk with your doctorD.Make it a habitE.Go through the motionsF.Don't go it aloneG.Listen to your bodySection III TranslationDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46. Although we try our best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned.Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realise that when one door closes, another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking outside the box will become your Second nature. In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you're more likely to be able to find a solution when problem arises.Section IV WritingPart A47. Direction:Suppose you are planning a campus food festival, write an mail to international students in your university to1) introduce the food festival and2) invite them to participate.Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name, use "Li Ming" instead. (10 points)Part B48.Direction:Write an essay based on the chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)真题答案：1－20：BBAADCACCBBCDBAADABCD21-25:DCCBA26-30:31-35:36-40:41-45:46.虽然我们尽了最大的努力，但是有时候我们的作品很少能达到预期的效果。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案详解（完整版）注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对万学海文教研中心英语教研室、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
首句说：人们几个世纪以来一直在思索没有工作的未来。
该句含义为：现在也是如此，学者们再次技术正在取代人类劳动。
从句为负向，故首先排除吹嘘，确保。
否认与首句中心句相冲突，故答案为警告，语义逻辑通顺。
、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
该句含义为：“一些人认为即将来临的不用工作的世界通过来定义。
少数的富人拥有所有的财富，而大多数人则在一片贫穷的荒芜之地中挣扎着生存。
”后一句话为对前一句的解释，所以这是一个不平等的世界，选。
、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
该句含义为：一个不同的，而并不相互排斥的认为未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地。
此处，（语言）呼应了文中（未来），为最佳选项，且代入原文语义通顺。
政策，指导方针，决心，在此处都不符合题意。
、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
前文说一种与众不同的荒芜之地，为同位语补充说明荒地特征。
该句含义为：未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地，一个以漫无目的性的荒芜之地。
以……为特征，此处（漫无目的）的确是一种特征，故该选项为正确答案。
分割，测量，平衡，均语义不通。
、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察词义辨析及词义复现。
该句含义为：没有工作给生活赋予，人们只会变得懒惰而消沉。
前面讲到（漫无目的），所以此处应为其反义词，即“目的，目标”。
只有选项（意义），含义最为接近，语义最通顺。
智慧，光荣，自由，和文章主题关联不大，故答案为选项。
、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察句间的逻辑关系问题。
空格处需要填一个副词，表明两个句子之间的逻辑关系。
空格前, . 没有工作给他们的生活意义,人就会变得懒惰和沮丧。
空格后说，’ ’ .现今的没有就业的人生活也不开心。
所以两个句子之间是一种顺接的递进关系，因此，表示的确如此。
. 相反的，表转折。
2023年考研英语二考试真题及答案解析
2023年考研英语二考试真题及答案解析考研英语二考试真题及答案解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though youre making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Lets look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasnt due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. 19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet2.A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate3.A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially4.A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example5.A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional6.A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem7.A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides8.A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again9.A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed10.A.cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal11.A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease12.A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight13.A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense15.A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose16.A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden17.A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment18.A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable19.A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless20.A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter【1】B. profit 原文提到“小公司的CEO也挣到了大钱”。
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二卷模拟答案Section ADirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Discoveries in science and technology are thought by many to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents: Sir Isaac Newton noticed the falling apple in his garden and came forth with the gravitation law. This notion is obviously not true. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. In fact, he had experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation, as well as inventions, is like soccer; even the best playersmiss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.Section BDirections:Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.自然界开始了一次新的实验。
人类不再只是能适应某一特定的环境，而是获得了能适应任何环境的能力。
他们分散到世界各地，在迁移中不断变化，直到成为在地球上分布最广的物种。
人类在身体和文化方面都适应于他们迁入的新环境。
居住在赤道附近的人为了在强烈日光下保护自己，渐渐地有了黑色皮肤。
迁移到寒冷地带的人为了利用阳光合成维生素D，渐渐地有了较为白皙的皮肤。
住在寒冷而干燥地区的人们长得矮胖，以便保存热量；住在干燥而炎热地区的人们长得高瘦，以便使热量容易散发。
答案：Section A很多人认为科技发现是灵光一闪，或戏剧化事件的产物：艾萨克·牛顿爵士在花园中注意到了苹果落地，从而发现了万有引力定律。
很显然，这一观点并不正确。
弗莱明爵士并不如传闻所言那样，看到一片奶酪上的霉菌，在当时当地就想到（发明）了抗生素盘尼西林。
事实上，他做了九年之久的抗细菌物质的实验，终于才有了他的发现。
发现和革新总是来自于勤勉的“试误”实验。
革新和发明就像是足球赛，即使是最好的选手也会射不进球，他们射门受阻的次数远远大于射门得分的次数。
Section BNature began a new experiment. Instead of adapting to a specific environment, man has the capacity to adapt himself to any specific environment. They spread throughout the globe, changing as they moved, until they became the most widely distributed species on the earth. Man adapted physically as well as culturally to the new surroundings into which he moved. People who lived near equator developed dark skin to protect themselves from strong sunlight; people who moved to colder climates developed light skin to take advantage of the sunlight for the synthesis of vitamin D; people in cold dry climates became stocky to conserve heat. People in hot dry climates tended to become tall and thin to dissipate heat.Paper Two 试卷二(60 minutes)PartⅠ Translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 points for each section)Section ADirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.The theory of social Darwinism generally claims that individuals, groups and peoples or cultures are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as are plants and animals. The theory holds that“superior”individuals or groups survived and succeeded while the inferior disappeared, with a consequent benefit to society, and that the existing order must be the natural one. Any individual, group or institution that survives the struggle to exist over a long period of time is regarded as having displayed evidence for its own“natural”superiority and legitimacy, similar to the Darwinian concept of“survival of the fittest”. In history, this theory has been questioned because it could be easily used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism.Section BDirections: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.病人在医院里是最重要的人物。
医院一切活动的设计都是为了照料病人而进行的。
医院里的病人经常对将要发生的事担忧。
每一位医生应该明白，在他们看来是属于日常性惯例的程序，病人并不熟悉。
所有的人都有日常的基本需求。
每个病人都是有不同需求的个体，这需求取决于他们的特殊病情或条件。
重要的是，医院应能满足这样的需求。
一般来说，(病人)有两种基本的需求：物质上的和情感上的。
答案：Section A社会达尔文主义者认为，正如动、植物一样，个人、团体、民族或文化同样受制于达尔文的“自然选择，优胜劣汰”的法则。
该理论认为，优越的个体或团体会存活下来并得以传承，而卑劣的个体或团体就会消失，其结果是有益于整个社会，也就是说，现存的秩序也一定是大自然的秩序。
任何一个在生存竞争中幸存了较长一段时间的个人、团体和机构都会被认为他们展现了自己的自然优势和遗传优势，这正类似达尔文主义“适者生存”的进化论观点。
纵观历史，该理论一直受到质疑。
因为它容易被用来使政治保守主义、帝国主义、种族主义合情合理。
Section BThe patient is the most important person in a hospital. Hospital activities are planned to function around the care of the patient. The patient in hospital often worries about what is to happen. Every doctor should understand that procedures which are routine to them are not familiar to the patient. All people have basic, daily needs. Each patient is an individual with different needs, which depend on their special illness or condition. It is important for the hospital to meet such needs. In general, there are two basic classes of needs: physical and emotional.PartⅠ Tran.4ation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 points for each section)Section ADirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Food price inflation has aroused growing concern worldwide. There is rising price pressure for major grains in China this year as a result of deficient supplies, soaring agricultural produce costs and fluctuations on the international futures markets. The extreme weather this past winter and severe drought that hit northern China this spring, will make it harder to ensure grain supplies.As our country is mainly self-sufficient in grains, rising rice prices on the global markets will not have much impact domestically. China can keep grain prices stable amid supply shortages and rising agricultural costs thanks to our abundant grain reserves.Section BDireetions:Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。